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  • Nature Publishing Group  (13,578)
  • 2005-2009  (13,578)
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  • 1
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    Persistent summer expansion of the Atlantic Warm Pool during glacial abrupt cold events (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-31
    Description: Palaeoclimate records and numerical model simulations indicate that changes in tropical and subtropical sea surface temperatures and in the annual average position of the intertropical convergence zone are linked to high-latitude climate changes on millennial to glacial–interglacial timescales. It has recently been suggested that cooling in the high latitudes associated with abrupt climate-change events is evident primarily during the northern hemisphere winter, implying increased seasonality at these times8. However, it is unclear whether such a seasonal bias also exists for the low latitudes. Here we analyse the Mg/Ca ratios of surface-dwelling foraminifera to reconstruct sea surface temperatures in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico for the past 300,000 years. We suggest that sea surface temperatures are controlled by the migration of the northern boundary of the Atlantic Warm Pool, and hence the position of the intertropical convergence zone during boreal summer, and are relatively insensitive to winter conditions. Our results suggest that summer Atlantic Warm Pool expansion is primarily affected by glacial–interglacial variability and low-latitude summer insolation. Because a clear signature of rapid climate-change events, such as the Younger Dryas cold event, is lacking in our record, we conclude that high-latitude events seem to influence only the winter Caribbean climate conditions, consistent with the hypothesis of extreme northern-hemisphere seasonality during abrupt cooling events.
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  • 2
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    Genome sequence of the metazoan plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © 2008 Nature Publishing Group. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike license. The definitive version was published in Nature Biotechnology 26 (2008): 909-915, doi:10.1038/nbt.1482.
    Description: Plant-parasitic nematodes are major agricultural pests worldwide and novel approaches to control them are sorely needed. We report the draft genome sequence of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, a biotrophic parasite of many crops, including tomato, cotton and coffee. Most of the assembled sequence of this asexually reproducing nematode, totaling 86 Mb, exists in pairs of homologous but divergent segments. This suggests that ancient allelic regions in M. incognita are evolving toward effective haploidy, permitting new mechanisms of adaptation. The number and diversity of plant cell wall–degrading enzymes in M. incognita is unprecedented in any animal for which a genome sequence is available, and may derive from multiple horizontal gene transfers from bacterial sources. Our results provide insights into the adaptations required by metazoans to successfully parasitize immunocompetent plants, and open the way for discovering new antiparasitic strategies.
    Description: SCRI laboratory (V.C.B. and J.T.J.) received funding from the Scottish Government. This work benefited from links funded via COST Action 872. G.V.M. and V.L. are supported by ARC, CNRS, EMBO, MENRT and Region Rhone-Alpes. G.V.M., M.R.-R. and V.L. are also funded by the EU Cascade Network of Excellence and the integrated project Crescendo. M.-C.C. is supported by MENRT.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 3
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    Post-spawning egg care by a squid (2005)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 438 (7070). p. 929.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-08-20
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  • 4
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    Transient sexual mimicry leads to fertilization (2005)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 433 (7023). p. 212.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-08-16
    Description: Sexual mimicry among animals is widespread, but does it impart a fertilization advantage in the widely accepted ‘sneak–guard’ model of sperm competition? Here we describe field results in which a dramatic facultative switch in sexual phenotype by sneaker-male cuttlefish leads to immediate fertilization success, even in the presence of the consort male. These results are surprising, given the high rate at which females reject copulation attempts by males, the strong mate-guarding behaviour of consort males, and the high level of sperm competition in this complex mating system
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  • 5
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    Arc-parallel flow in the mantle wedge beneath Costa Rica and Nicaragua (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 451 (7182). pp. 1094-1097.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-26
    Description: Resolving flow geometry in the mantle wedge is central to understanding the thermal and chemical structure of subduction zones, subducting plate dehydration, and melting that leads to arc volcanism, which can threaten large populations and alter climate through gas and particle emission. Here we show that isotope geochemistry and seismic velocity anisotropy provide strong evidence for trench-parallel flow in the mantle wedge beneath Costa Rica and Nicaragua. This finding contradicts classical models, which predict trench-normal flow owing to the overlying wedge mantle being dragged downwards by the subducting plate. The isotopic signature of central Costa Rican volcanic rocks is not consistent with its derivation from the mantle wedge1, 2, 3 or eroded fore-arc complexes4 but instead from seamounts of the Galapagos hotspot track on the subducting Cocos plate. This isotopic signature decreases continuously from central Costa Rica to northwestern Nicaragua. As the age of the isotopic signature beneath Costa Rica can be constrained and its transport distance is known, minimum northwestward flow rates can be estimated (63–190 mm yr-1) and are comparable to the magnitude of subducting Cocos plate motion (approx85 mm yr-1). Trench-parallel flow needs to be taken into account in models evaluating thermal and chemical structure and melt generation in subduction zones.
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  • 6
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    Soaking it up: the complex lives of marine sponges and their microbial associates (2007)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  The ISME Journal, 1 (3). pp. 187-190.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-05-11
    Description: Marine sponges (phylum Porifera) are among the oldest multicellular animals (metazoans), the sea's most prolific producers of bioactive metabolites, and of considerable ecological importance due to their abundance and ability to filter enormous volumes of seawater. In addition to these important attributes, sponge microbiology is now a rapidly expanding field.
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  • 7
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    Advancing Decadal-Scale Climate Prediction in the North Atlantic Sector (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 453 . pp. 84-88.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-18
    Description: The climate of the North Atlantic region exhibits fluctuations on decadal timescales that have large societal consequences. Prominent examples include hurricane activity in the Atlantic1, and surface-temperature and rainfall variations over North America2, Europe3 and northern Africa4. Although these multidecadal variations are potentially predictable if the current state of the ocean is known5, 6, 7, the lack of subsurface ocean observations8 that constrain this state has been a limiting factor for realizing the full skill potential of such predictions9. Here we apply a simple approach—that uses only sea surface temperature (SST) observations—to partly overcome this difficulty and perform retrospective decadal predictions with a climate model. Skill is improved significantly relative to predictions made with incomplete knowledge of the ocean state10, particularly in the North Atlantic and tropical Pacific oceans. Thus these results point towards the possibility of routine decadal climate predictions. Using this method, and by considering both internal natural climate variations and projected future anthropogenic forcing, we make the following forecast: over the next decade, the current Atlantic meridional overturning circulation will weaken to its long-term mean; moreover, North Atlantic SST and European and North American surface temperatures will cool slightly, whereas tropical Pacific SST will remain almost unchanged. Our results suggest that global surface temperature may not increase over the next decade, as natural climate variations in the North Atlantic and tropical Pacific temporarily offset the projected anthropogenic warming.
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  • 8
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    Recent Antarctic ice mass loss from radar interferometry and regional climate modelling (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 1 (2). pp. 106-110.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-01-07
    Description: Large uncertainties remain in the current and future contribution to sea level rise from Antarctica. Climate warming may increase snowfall in the continent’s interior1,2,3, but enhance glacier discharge at the coast where warmer air and ocean temperatures erode the buttressing ice shelves4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11. Here, we use satellite interferometric synthetic-aperture radar observations from 1992 to 2006 covering 85% of Antarctica’s coastline to estimate the total mass flux into the ocean. We compare the mass fluxes from large drainage basin units with interior snow accumulation calculated from a regional atmospheric climate model for 1980 to 2004. In East Antarctica, small glacier losses in Wilkes Land and glacier gains at the mouths of the Filchner and Ross ice shelves combine to a near-zero loss of 4±61 Gt yr−1. In West Antarctica, widespread losses along the Bellingshausen and Amundsen seas increased the ice sheet loss by 59% in 10 years to reach 132±60 Gt yr−1 in 2006. In the Peninsula, losses increased by 140% to reach 60±46 Gt yr−1 in 2006. Losses are concentrated along narrow channels occupied by outlet glaciers and are caused by ongoing and past glacier acceleration. Changes in glacier flow therefore have a significant, if not dominant impact on ice sheet mass balance.
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  • 9
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    Relatedness among east African coelacanths (2005)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 435 (7044). p. 901.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-11
    Description: Scattered groups of these ancient fish may all stem from a single remote population. Coelacanths were discovered in the Comoros archipelago to the northwest of Madagascar in 1952. Since then, these rare, ancient fish have been found to the south off Mozambique, Madagascar and South Africa, and to the north off Kenya and Tanzania — but it was unclear whether these are separate populations or even subspecies. Here we show that the genetic variation between individuals from these different locations is unexpectedly low. Combined with earlier results from submersible and oceanographic observations1, 2, our findings indicate that a separate African metapopulation is unlikely to have existed and that locations distant from the Comoros were probably inhabited relatively recently by either dead-end drifters or founders that originated in the Comoros.
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  • 10
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    Protists are microbes too: A perspective (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  The ISME Journal, 3 (1). pp. 4-12.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-24
    Description: Our understanding of the composition and activities of microbial communities from diverse habitats on our planet has improved enormously during the past decade, spurred on largely by advances in molecular biology. Much of this research has focused on the bacteria, and to a lesser extent on the archaea and viruses, because of the relative ease with which these assemblages can be analyzed and studied genetically. In contrast, single-celled, eukaryotic microbes (the protists) have received much less attention, to the point where one might question if they have somehow been demoted from the position of environmentally important taxa. In this paper, we draw attention to this situation and explore several possible (some admittedly lighthearted) explanations for why these remarkable and diverse microbes have remained largely overlooked in the present era of the microbe. © 2009 International Society for Microbial Ecology All rights reserved.
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  • 11
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    Oceanography: Power of pull (2007)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 447 . p. 383.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: As the complex interplay of forces in the ocean responds to climate change, the dynamics of global ocean circulation are shifting.
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  • 12
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    Agulhas leakage dynamics affects decadal variability in Atlantic overturning circulation (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 456 . pp. 489-492.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Predicting the evolution of climate over decadal timescales requires a quantitative understanding of the dynamics that govern the meridional overturning circulation (MOC)1. Comprehensive ocean measurement programmes aiming to monitor MOC variations have been established in the subtropical North Atlantic2, 3 (RAPID, at latitude 26.5° N, and MOVE, at latitude 16° N) and show strong variability on intraseasonal to interannual timescales. Observational evidence of longer-term changes in MOC transport remains scarce, owing to infrequent sampling of transoceanic sections over past decades4, 5. Inferences based on long-term sea surface temperature records, however, supported by model simulations, suggest a variability with an amplitude of plusminus1.5–3 Sv (1 Sv = 106 m3 s-1) on decadal timescales in the subtropics6. Such variability has been attributed to variations of deep water formation in the sub-arctic Atlantic, particularly the renewal rate of Labrador Sea Water7. Here we present results from a model simulation that suggest an additional influence on decadal MOC variability having a Southern Hemisphere origin: dynamic signals originating in the Agulhas leakage region at the southern tip of Africa. These contribute a MOC signal in the tropical and subtropical North Atlantic that is of the same order of magnitude as the northern source. A complete rationalization of observed MOC changes therefore also requires consideration of signals arriving from the south.
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  • 13
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    Piceamycin and its N-acetylcysteine adduct is produced by Streptomyces sp GB 4-2 (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Journal of Antibiotics, 62 (9). pp. 513-518.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Piceamycin, a new macrolactam polyketide antibiotic, was detected by HPLC-diode array screening in extracts of Streptomyces sp. GB 4-2, which was isolated from the mycorrhizosphere of Norway spruce. The structure of piceamycin was determined by mass spectrometry and NMR experiments. It showed inhibitory activity against Gram-positive bacteria, selected human tumor cell lines and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B. The Journal of Antibiotics (2009) 62, 513-518; doi:10.1038/ja.2009.64; published online 17 July 2009
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  • 14
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    North Pacific seasonality and the glaciation of North America 2.7 million years ago (2005)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 433 . pp. 821-825.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: In the context of gradual Cenozoic cooling, the timing of the onset of significant Northern Hemisphere glaciation 2.7 million years ago is consistent with Milankovitch's orbital theory, which posited that ice sheets grow when polar summertime insolation and temperature are low. However, the role of moisture supply in the initiation of large Northern Hemisphere ice sheets has remained unclear. The subarctic Pacific Ocean represents a significant source of water vapour to boreal North America, but it has been largely overlooked in efforts to explain Northern Hemisphere glaciation. Here we present alkenone unsaturation ratios and diatom oxygen isotope ratios from a sediment core in the western subarctic Pacific Ocean, indicating that 2.7 million years ago late-summer sea surface temperatures in this ocean region rose in response to an increase in stratification. At the same time, winter sea surface temperatures cooled, winter floating ice became more abundant and global climate descended into glacial conditions. We suggest that the observed summer warming extended into the autumn, providing water vapour to northern North America, where it precipitated and accumulated as snow, and thus allowed the initiation of Northern Hemisphere glaciation.
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  • 15
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    Clean air policy and Arctic warming (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 2 (4). pp. 243-244.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: The enhanced Arctic warming over the past three decades is attracting much attention. Combining forward and inverse models with observations suggests that regional changes in aerosol concentrations have contributed significantly.
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  • 16
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    Increase in Agulhas leakage due to poleward shift of Southern Hemisphere westerlies (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 462 . pp. 495-498.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: The transport of warm and salty Indian Ocean waters into the Atlantic Ocean—the Agulhas leakage—has a crucial role in the global oceanic circulation1 and thus the evolution of future climate. At present these waters provide the main source of heat and salt for the surface branch of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC)2. There is evidence from past glacial-to-interglacial variations in foraminiferal assemblages3 and model studies4 that the amount of Agulhas leakage and its corresponding effect on the MOC has been subject to substantial change, potentially linked to latitudinal shifts in the Southern Hemisphere westerlies5. A progressive poleward migration of the westerlies has been observed during the past two to three decades and linked to anthropogenic forcing6, but because of the sparse observational records it has not been possible to determine whether there has been a concomitant response of Agulhas leakage. Here we present the results of a high-resolution ocean general circulation model7, 8 to show that the transport of Indian Ocean waters into the South Atlantic via the Agulhas leakage has increased during the past decades in response to the change in wind forcing. The increased leakage has contributed to the observed salinification9 of South Atlantic thermocline waters. Both model and historic measurements off South America suggest that the additional Indian Ocean waters have begun to invade the North Atlantic, with potential implications for the future evolution of the MOC.
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  • 17
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    Influence of brine formation on Arctic Ocean circulation over the past 15 million years (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 1 . pp. 68-72.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: The early oceanographic history of the Arctic Ocean is important in regulating, and responding to, climatic changes. However, constraints on its oceanographic history preceding the Quaternary (the past 1.8 Myr) have become available only recently, because of the difficulties associated with obtaining continuous sediment records in such a hostile setting. Here, we use the neodymium isotope compositions of two sediment cores recovered near the North Pole to reconstruct over the past approx15 Myr the sources contributing to Arctic Intermediate Water, a water mass found today at depths of 200 to 1,500 m. We interpret high neodymium ratios for the period between 15 and 2 Myr ago, and for the glacial periods thereafter, as indicative of weathering input from the Siberian Putoranan basalts into the Arctic Ocean. Arctic Intermediate Water was then derived from brine formation in the Eurasian shelf regions, with only a limited contribution of intermediate water from the North Atlantic. In contrast, the modern circulation pattern, with relatively high contributions of North Atlantic Intermediate Water and negligible input from brine formation, exhibits low neodymium isotope ratios and is typical for the interglacial periods of the past 2 Myr. We suggest that changes in climatic conditions and the tectonic setting were responsible for switches between these two modes.
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  • 18
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    Generation of intermediate-depth earthquakes by self-localizing thermal runaway (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 2 . pp. 137-140.
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    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
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  • 19
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    The Early Miocene onset of a ventilated circulation regime in the Arctic Ocean (2007)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 447 . pp. 986-990.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Deep-water formation in the northern North Atlantic Ocean and the Arctic Ocean is a key driver of the global thermohaline circulation and hence also of global climate1. Deciphering the history of the circulation regime in the Arctic Ocean has long been prevented by the lack of data from cores of Cenozoic sediments from the Arctic's deep-sea floor. Similarly, the timing of the opening of a connection between the northern North Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean, permitting deep-water exchange, has been poorly constrained. This situation changed when the first drill cores were recovered from the central Arctic Ocean2. Here we use these cores to show that the transition from poorly oxygenated to fully oxygenated ('ventilated') conditions in the Arctic Ocean occurred during the later part of early Miocene times. We attribute this pronounced change in ventilation regime to the opening of the Fram Strait. A palaeo-geographic and palaeo-bathymetric reconstruction of the Arctic Ocean, together with a physical oceanographic analysis of the evolving strait and sill conditions in the Fram Strait, suggests that the Arctic Ocean went from an oxygen-poor 'lake stage', to a transitional 'estuarine sea' phase with variable ventilation, and finally to the fully ventilated 'ocean' phase 17.5 Myr ago. The timing of this palaeo-oceanographic change coincides with the onset of the middle Miocene climatic optimum3, although it remains unclear if there is a causal relationship between these two events.
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  • 20
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    Mid-Pliocene climate change amplified by a switch in Indonesian subsurface throughflow (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 2 . pp. 434-438.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: The tectonically driven closure of tropical seaways during the Pliocene epoch (approx5–2 million years (Myr) ago) altered ocean circulation and affected the evolution of climate. Plate tectonic reconstructions show that the main reorganization of one such seaway, the Indonesian Gateway, occurred between 4 and 3 Myr ago. Model simulations have suggested that this would have triggered a switch in the source of waters feeding the Indonesian throughflow into the Indian Ocean, from the warm salty waters of the South Pacific Ocean to the cool and relatively fresh waters of the North Pacific Ocean. Here we use paired measurements of the delta18O and Mg/Ca ratios of planktonic foraminifera to reconstruct the thermal structure of the eastern tropical Indian Ocean from 5.5 to 2 Myr ago. We find that sea surface conditions remained relatively stable throughout the interval, whereas subsurface waters freshened and cooled by about 4 °C between 3.5 and 2.95 Myr ago. We suggest that the restriction of the Indonesian Gateway led to the cooling and shoaling of the thermocline in the tropical Indian Ocean. We conclude that this tectonic reorganization contributed to the global shoaling of the thermocline recorded during the Pliocene epoch, possibly contributing to the development of the equatorial eastern Pacific cold tongue.
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  • 21
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    Caboxamycin, a new antibiotic of the benzoxazole family produced by the deep-sea strain Streptomyces sp. NTK 937* (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Journal of Antibiotics, 62 . pp. 99-104.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Caboxamycin, a new benzoxazole antibiotic, was detected by HPLC-diode array screening in extracts of the marine strain Streptomyces sp. NTK 937, which was isolated from deep-sea sediment collected in the Canary Basin. The structure of caboxamycin was determined by mass spectrometry, NMR experiments and X-ray analysis. It showed inhibitory activity against Gram-positive bacteria, selected human tumor cell lines and the enzyme phosphodiesterase.
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  • 22
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    Gombapyrones, new α-pyrone metabolites produced by Streptomyces griseoruber Acta 3662 (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Journal of Antibiotics, 62 . pp. 445-452.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Gombapyrones A–D, new members of the α-pyrone family of secondary metabolites, were produced by Streptomyces griseoruber Acta 3662, which was isolated from bamboo tree rhizosphere. The strain was characterized by its morphological and chemotaxonomical features and by 16S rDNA sequencing as S. griseobuber. The gombapyrone structures were determined by mass spectrometry and by NMR experiments, and were found to have an inhibitory activity against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B and glycogen synthase kinase 3β.
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  • 23
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    Climate change: Acid test for marine biodiversity (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 454 . pp. 46-47.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide lead to acidification of the oceans. A site in the Mediterranean, naturally carbonated by under-sea volcanoes, provides clues to the possible effects on marine ecosystems.
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  • 24
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    Enhanced biological carbon consumption in a high CO2 ocean (2007)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 450 (7169). pp. 545-548.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: The oceans have absorbed nearly half of the fossil-fuel carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted into the atmosphere since pre-industrial times1, causing a measurable reduction in seawater pH and carbonate saturation2. If CO2 emissions continue to rise at current rates, upper-ocean pH will decrease to levels lower than have existed for tens of millions of years and, critically, at a rate of change 100 times greater than at any time over this period3. Recent studies have shown effects of ocean acidification on a variety of marine life forms, in particular calcifying organisms4, 5, 6. Consequences at the community to ecosystem level, in contrast, are largely unknown. Here we show that dissolved inorganic carbon consumption of a natural plankton community maintained in mesocosm enclosures at initial CO2 partial pressures of 350, 700 and 1,050 μatm increases with rising CO2. The community consumed up to 39% more dissolved inorganic carbon at increased CO2 partial pressures compared to present levels, whereas nutrient uptake remained the same. The stoichiometry of carbon to nitrogen drawdown increased from 6.0 at low CO2 to 8.0 at high CO2, thus exceeding the Redfield carbon:nitrogen ratio of 6.6 in today’s ocean7. This excess carbon consumption was associated with higher loss of organic carbon from the upper layer of the stratified mesocosms. If applicable to the natural environment, the observed responses have implications for a variety of marine biological and biogeochemical processes, and underscore the importance of biologically driven feedbacks in the ocean to global change.
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  • 25
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    From climate assessment to climate services (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 1 . pp. 2-3.
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    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: The Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change has convinced the public that climate change is real. To tackle it, the panel needs complementary climate services that provide continuous climate information for all regions and the globe.
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  • 26
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    The Cenozoic palaeoenvironment of the Arctic Ocean (2006)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 441 . pp. 601-605.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-03
    Description: The history of the Arctic Ocean during the Cenozoic era (0–65 million years ago) is largely unknown from direct evidence. Here we present a Cenozoic palaeoceanographic record constructed from 〉400 m of sediment core from a recent drilling expedition to the Lomonosov ridge in the Arctic Ocean. Our record shows a palaeoenvironmental transition from a warm 'greenhouse' world, during the late Palaeocene and early Eocene epochs, to a colder 'icehouse' world influenced by sea ice and icebergs from the middle Eocene epoch to the present. For the most recent approx14 Myr, we find sedimentation rates of 1–2 cm per thousand years, in stark contrast to the substantially lower rates proposed in earlier studies; this record of the Neogene reveals cooling of the Arctic that was synchronous with the expansion of Greenland ice (approx3.2 Myr ago) and East Antarctic ice (approx14 Myr ago). We find evidence for the first occurrence of ice-rafted debris in the middle Eocene epoch (approx45 Myr ago), some 35 Myr earlier than previously thought; fresh surface waters were present at approx49 Myr ago, before the onset of ice-rafted debris. Also, the temperatures of surface waters during the Palaeocene/Eocene thermal maximum (approx55 Myr ago) appear to have been substantially warmer than previously estimated. The revised timing of the earliest Arctic cooling events coincides with those from Antarctica, supporting arguments for bipolar symmetry in climate change.
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    The otherness of the oceans (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 459 (7244). pp. 166-167.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-03-08
    Description: As scientists discover more about the genomes of marine microorganisms, new views of their physiology and ecosystem networks are opening up, explain Alexandra Z. Worden and Darcy McRose. "Alien Ocean: Anthropological Voyages in Microbial Seas by Stefan Helmreich University of California Press: 2009. 464 pp."
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    Prolonged mantle residence of zircon xenocrysts from the western Eger rift (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 2 (12). pp. 886-890.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-04
    Description: Zircon is a common mineral in continental crustal rocks. As it is not easily altered in processes such as erosion or transport, this mineral is often used in the reconstruction of geological processes such as the formation and evolution of the continents. Zircon can also survive under conditions of the Earth’s mantle, and rare cases of zircons crystallizing in the mantle significantly before their entrainment into magma and eruption to the surface have been reported1,2,3. Here we analyse the isotopic and trace element compositions of large zircons of gem quality from the Eger rift, Bohemian massif, and find that they are derived from the mantle. (U–Th)/He analyses suggest that the zircons as well as their host basalts erupted between 29 and 24 million years ago, but fragments from the same xenocrysts reveal U–Pb ages between 51 and 83 million years. We note a lack of older volcanism and of fragments from the lower crust, which suggests that crustal residence time before eruption is negligible and that most rock fragments found in similar basalts from adjacent volcanic fields equilibrated under mantle conditions. We conclude that a specific chemical environment in this part of the Earth’s upper mantle allowed the zircons to remain intact for about 20–60 million years.
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    Biosynthetic capacities of actinomycetes. 46. Genoketides A1 and A2, new octaketides and biosynthetic intermediates of chrysophanol produced by Streptomyces sp. AK 671 (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Journal of Antibiotics, 61 . pp. 464-473.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-09
    Description: The new aromatic polyketides genoketide A1, genoketide A2 and prechrysophanol glucuronide are biosynthetic intermediates of the octaketide chrysophanol. They were isolated from the alkaliphilic strain Streptomyces sp. AK 671 together with the new metabolite chrysophanol glucuronide. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by mass spectrometry and NMR methods. Genoketide A2 exhibited a slight and prechrysophanol glucuronide a more pronounced inhibition of the proliferation of L5178y lymphoma cells.
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    Significant contribution of the 18.6 year tidal cycle to regional coastal changes (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 1 (3). pp. 169-172.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-13
    Description: Although rising global sea levels will affect the shape of coastlines over the coming decades1, 2, the most severe and catastrophic shoreline changes occur as a consequence of local and regional-scale processes. Changes in sediment supply3 and deltaic subsidence4, 5, both natural or anthropogenic, and the occurrences of tropical cyclones4, 5 and tsunamis6 have been shown to be the leading controls on coastal erosion. Here, we use satellite images of South American mangrove-colonized mud banks collected over the past twenty years to reconstruct changes in the extent of the shoreline between the Amazon and Orinoco rivers. The observed timing of the redistribution of sediment and migration of the mud banks along the 1,500 km muddy coast suggests the dominant control of ocean forcing by the 18.6 year nodal tidal cycle7. Other factors affecting sea level such as global warming or El Niño and La Niña events show only secondary influences on the recorded changes. In the coming decade, the 18.6 year cycle will result in an increase of mean high water levels of 6 cm along the coast of French Guiana, which will lead to a 90 m shoreline retreat.
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    Fisheries: Decline of Pacific tuna populations exaggerated? - Ransom and Worm Reply (2005)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 434 . E2.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-10
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    Upper Cretaceous African climate development and implications for the marine carbon cycle (2005)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 437 . pp. 241-244.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-10
    Description: The tropics have been suggested as the drivers of global ocean and atmosphere circulation and biogeochemical cycling during the extreme warmth of the Cretaceous period1, 2; but the links between orbital forcing, freshwater runoff and the biogeochemistry of continental margins in extreme greenhouse conditions are not fully understood. Here we present Cretaceous records of geochemical tracers for freshwater runoff obtained from a sediment core off the Ivory Coast that indicate that alternating periods of arid and humid African climate were driven by orbital precession. Our simulations of the precession-driven patterns of river discharge with a global climate model suggest that ocean anoxia and black shale sedimentation were directly caused by high river discharge, and occurred specifically when the northern equinox coincided with perihelion (the minimum distance between the Sun and the Earth). We conclude that, in a warm climate, the oceans off tropical continental margins respond rapidly and sensitively to even modest changes in river discharge.
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    The Phaeodactylum genome reveals the evolutionary history of diatom genomes (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 456 . pp. 239-244.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-06
    Description: Diatoms are photosynthetic secondary endosymbionts found throughout marine and freshwater environments, and are believed to be responsible for around one-fifth of the primary productivity on Earth1, 2. The genome sequence of the marine centric diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana was recently reported, revealing a wealth of information about diatom biology3, 4, 5. Here we report the complete genome sequence of the pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum and compare it with that of T. pseudonana to clarify evolutionary origins, functional significance and ubiquity of these features throughout diatoms. In spite of the fact that the pennate and centric lineages have only been diverging for 90 million years, their genome structures are dramatically different and a substantial fraction of genes (approx40%) are not shared by these representatives of the two lineages. Analysis of molecular divergence compared with yeasts and metazoans reveals rapid rates of gene diversification in diatoms. Contributing factors include selective gene family expansions, differential losses and gains of genes and introns, and differential mobilization of transposable elements. Most significantly, we document the presence of hundreds of genes from bacteria. More than 300 of these gene transfers are found in both diatoms, attesting to their ancient origins, and many are likely to provide novel possibilities for metabolite management and for perception of environmental signals. These findings go a long way towards explaining the incredible diversity and success of the diatoms in contemporary oceans.
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    Interior pathways of the North Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 459 . pp. 243-248.
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    Publication Date: 2017-03-06
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  • 35
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    Rapid sea-level rise and reef back-stepping at the close of the last interglacial highstand (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 458 (7240). pp. 881-884.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-06
    Description: Widespread evidence of a +4–6-m sea-level highstand during the last interglacial period (Marine Isotope Stage 5e) has led to warnings that modern ice sheets will deteriorate owing to global warming and initiate a rise of similar magnitude by ad 2100 (ref. 1). The rate of this projected rise is based on ice-sheet melting simulations and downplays discoveries of more rapid ice loss2, 3. Knowing the rate at which sea level reached its highstand during the last interglacial period is fundamental in assessing if such rapid ice-loss processes could lead to future catastrophic sea-level rise. The best direct record of sea level during this highstand comes from well-dated fossil reefs in stable areas4, 5, 6. However, this record lacks both reef-crest development up to the full highstand elevation, as inferred7 from widespread intertidal indicators at +6 m, and a detailed chronology, owing to the difficulty of replicating U-series ages on submillennial timescales8. Here we present a complete reef-crest sequence for the last interglacial highstand and its U-series chronology from the stable northeast Yucatán peninsula, Mexico. We find that reef development during the highstand was punctuated by reef-crest demise at +3 m and back-stepping to +6 m. The abrupt demise of the lower-reef crest, but continuous accretion between the lower-lagoonal unit and the upper-reef crest, allows us to infer that this back-stepping occurred on an ecological timescale and was triggered by a 2–3-m jump in sea level. Using strictly reliable 230Th ages of corals from the upper-reef crest, and improved stratigraphic screening of coral ages from other stable sites, we constrain this jump to have occurred approx121 kyr ago and conclude that it supports an episode of ice-sheet instability during the terminal phase of the last interglacial period.
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    Phosphorus cycling in the North and South Atlantic Ocean subtropical gyres (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 1 (7). pp. 439-443.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-23
    Description: Despite similar physical properties, the Northern and Southern Atlantic subtropical gyres have different biogeochemical regimes. The Northern subtropical gyre, which is subject to iron deposition from Saharan dust1, is depleted in the nutrient phosphate, possibly as a result of iron-enhanced nitrogen fixation2. Although phosphate depleted, rates of carbon fixation in the euphotic zone of the North Atlantic subtropical gyre are comparable to those of the South Atlantic subtropical gyre3, which is not phosphate limited. Here we use the activity of the phosphorus-specific enzyme alkaline phosphatase to show potentially enhanced utilization of dissolved organic phosphorus occurring over much of the North Atlantic subtropical gyre. We find that during the boreal spring up to 30% of primary production in the North Atlantic gyre is supported by dissolved organic phosphorus. Our diagnostics and composite map of the surface distribution of dissolved organic phosphorus in the subtropical Atlantic Ocean reveal shorter residence times in the North Atlantic gyre than the South Atlantic gyre. We interpret the asymmetry of dissolved organic phosphorus cycling in the two gyres as a consequence of enhanced nitrogen fixation in the North Atlantic Ocean4, which forces the system towards phosphorus limitation. We suggest that dissolved organic phosphorus utilization may contribute to primary production in other phosphorus-limited ocean settings as well.
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    Saline water sinking (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 1 (7). pp. 423-424.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-23
    Description: Ninety-five million years ago, ocean bottom waters were much warmer than at present. Some of this warmth could have come from the proto-North Atlantic's continental shelves after the balmy surface waters became increasingly salty through evaporation.
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    Mesozoic climate - Liverworts and all (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 1 (1). pp. 14-15.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-22
    Description: The relationship between carbon dioxide and climate over millions of years has been a source of controversy. Fossilized liverwort leaves can help illuminate both temperature and atmospheric carbon dioxide levels from 200 to 60 million years ago.
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    Synchronous basin-wide formation and redox-controlled preservation of a Mediterranean sapropel (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 1 . pp. 606-610.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-22
    Description: Organic-rich sedimentary units called sapropels have formed repeatedly in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, in response to variations of solar radiation. Sapropel formation is due to a change either in the flux of organic matter to the sea floor from productivity changes or in preservation by bottom-water oxygen levels. However, the relative importance of surface-ocean productivity versus deep-water preservation for the formation of these organic-rich shale beds is still being debated, and conflicting interpretations are often invoked1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. Here we analyse at high resolution the differences in the composition of the most recent sapropel, S1, in a suite of cores covering the entire eastern Mediterranean basin. We demonstrate that during the 4,000 years of sapropel formation, surface-water salinity was reduced and the deep eastern Mediterranean Sea, below 1,800 m depth, was devoid of oxygen. This resulted in the preferential basin-wide preservation of sapropel S1 with different characteristics above and below 1,800 m depth as a result of different redox conditions. We conclude that climate-induced stratification of the ocean may therefore contribute to enhanced preservation of organic matter in sapropels and potentially also in black shales.
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    Large-scale distribution of Atlantic nitrogen fixation controlled by iron availability (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 2 . pp. 867-871.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-22
    Description: Oceanic fixed-nitrogen concentrations are controlled by the balance between nitrogen fixation and denitrification. A number of factors, including iron limitation, can restrict nitrogen fixation, introducing the potential for decoupling of nitrogen inputs and losses. Such decoupling could significantly affect the oceanic fixed-nitrogen inventory and consequently the biological component of ocean carbon storage and hence air–sea partitioning of carbon dioxide. However, the extent to which nutrients limit nitrogen fixation in the global ocean is uncertain. Here, we examined rates of nitrogen fixation and nutrient concentrations in the surface waters of the Atlantic Ocean along a north–south 10,000 km transect during October and November 2005. We show that rates of nitrogen fixation were markedly higher in the North Atlantic compared with the South Atlantic Ocean. Across the two basins, nitrogen fixation was positively correlated with dissolved iron and negatively correlated with dissolved phosphorus concentrations. We conclude that inter-basin differences in nitrogen fixation are controlled by iron supply rather than phosphorus availability. Analysis of the nutrient content of deep waters suggests that the fixed nitrogen enters North Atlantic Deep Water. Our study thus supports the suggestion that iron significantly influences nitrogen fixation5, and that subsequent interactions with ocean circulation patterns contribute to the decoupling of nitrogen fixation and loss.
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    The response of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current to recent climate change (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 1 . pp. 864-869.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-22
    Description: Observations show a significant intensification of the Southern Hemisphere westerlies, the prevailing winds between the latitudes of 30° and 60° S, over the past decades. A continuation of this intensification trend is projected by climate scenarios for the twenty-first century. The response of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and the carbon sink in the Southern Ocean to changes in wind stress and surface buoyancy fluxes is under debate. Here we analyse the Argo network of profiling floats and historical oceanographic data to detect coherent hemispheric-scale warming and freshening trends that extend to depths of more than 1,000 m. The warming and freshening is partly related to changes in the properties of the water masses that make up the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, which are consistent with the anthropogenic changes in heat and freshwater fluxes suggested by climate models. However, we detect no increase in the tilt of the surfaces of equal density across the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, in contrast to coarse-resolution model studies. Our results imply that the transport in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and meridional overturning in the Southern Ocean are insensitive to decadal changes in wind stress.
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    Origin and evolution of a splay fault in the Nankai accretionary wedge (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 2 . pp. 648-652.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-22
    Description: Subduction zones are often characterized by wedge-shaped sedimentary complexes—called accretionary prisms—that form when sediments are scraped off the subducting plate and added to the overriding plate. Large, landward-dipping thrust faults can cut through such a prism: these faults, known as 'megasplay faults'1, 2, originate near the top of the subducting plate and terminate at the shallow, landward edge of the prism1, 3, 4, 5, 6. Megasplay faults have been the subject of numerous geological and geophysical studies4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, but their initiation and evolution through time remains poorly constrained. Here we combine seismic reflection data from the Nankai accretionary wedge with geological data collected by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) and find that the splay fault cutting this wedge initiated approx1.95 Million years (Myr) ago in the lower part of the prism as an out-of-sequence thrust (OOST). After an initial phase of high activity, the movement along the fault slowed down, but uplift and reactivation of the fault resumed about 1.55 Myr ago. The alternating periods of high and low activity along the splay fault that we document hint at episodic changes in the mechanical stability of accretionary prisms.
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    Biological and chemical sulfide oxidation in a Beggiatoa inhabited marine sediment (2007)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  The ISME Journal, 1 (4). pp. 341-353.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-25
    Description: The ecological niche of nitrate-storing Beggiatoa, and their contribution to the removal of sulfide were investigated in coastal sediment. With microsensors a clear suboxic zone of 2-10cm thick was identified, where neither oxygen nor free sulfide was detectable. In this zone most of the Beggiatoa were found, where they oxidize sulfide with internally stored nitrate. The sulfide input into the suboxic zone was dominated by an upward sulfide flux from deeper sediment, whereas the local production in the suboxic zone was much smaller. Despite their abundance, the calculated sulfide-oxidizing capacity of the Beggiatoa could account for only a small fraction of the total sulfide removal in the sediment. Consequently, most of the sulfide flux into the suboxic layer must have been removed by chemical processes, mainly by precipitation with Fe2+ and oxidation by Fe(III), which was coupled with a pH increase. The free Fe2+ diffusing upwards was oxidized by Mn(IV), resulting in a strong pH decrease. The nitrate storage capacity allows Beggiatoa to migrate randomly up and down in anoxic sediments with an accumulated gliding distance of 4m before running out of nitrate. We propose that the steep sulfide gradient and corresponding high sulfide flux, a typical characteristic of Beggiatoa habitats, is not needed for their metabolic performance, but rather used as a chemotactic cue by the highly motile filaments to avoid getting lost at depth in the sediment. Indeed sulfide is a repellant for Beggiatoa.
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    Marine geophysics: Where there's smoke there's fire (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 2 (7). pp. 463-464.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-10
    Description: Seafloor vents spewing mineral-rich plumes of hydrothermal fluid — termed black smokers — can persist at mid-ocean ridges for decades or longer. Earthquake data indicate that ongoing magma injection may determine their locations.
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    Cultivation of a novel cold-adapted nitrite oxidizing betaproteobacterium from the Siberian Arctic (2007)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  ISME Journal, 1 . pp. 256-264.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-22
    Description: Permafrost-affected soils of the Siberian Arctic were investigated with regard to identification of nitrite oxidizing bacteria active at low temperature. Analysis of the fatty acid profiles of enrichment cultures grown at 4°C, 10°C and 17°C revealed a pattern that was different from that of known nitrite oxidizers but was similar to fatty acid profiles of Betaproteobacteria. Electron microscopy of two enrichment cultures grown at 10°C showed prevalent cells with a conspicuous ultrastructure. Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA genes allocated the organisms to a so far uncultivated cluster of the Betaproteobacteria, with Gallionella ferruginea as next related taxonomically described organism. The results demonstrate that a novel genus of chemolithoautotrophic nitrite oxidizing bacteria is present in polygonal tundra soils and can be enriched at low temperatures up to 17°C. Cloned sequences with high sequence similarities were previously reported from mesophilic habitats like activated sludge and therefore an involvement of this taxon in nitrite oxidation in nonarctic habitats is suggested. The presented culture will provide an opportunity to correlate nitrification with nonidentified environmental clones in moderate habitats and give insights into mechanisms of cold adaptation. We propose provisional classification of the novel nitrite oxidizing bacterium as 'Candidatus Nitrotoga arctica'.
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  • 46
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    Electronic Resource
    Climate change - a Nobel cause (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine (2007), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] ... We had absolutely no clue, its fantastic, says Stefan Rahmstorf, a climate modeller at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research in Germany. On 8 - 10 October, Rahmstorf, along with more than a dozen Nobel laureates and many others, was at a symposium in Potsdam discussing climate ...
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/news.2007.164
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    Science appoints Bruce Alberts as editor-in-chief (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 450 (2007), S. 1140-1140 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Biochemist Bruce Alberts, an American known best for his seminal textbook Molecular Biology of the Cell and an advocate of international scientific cooperation, will take over as editor-in-chief of the journal Science beginning in March. Alberts served as president of the US National Academy of ...
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/4501140e
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    50 & 100 Years Ago (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 450 (2007), S. 1170-1170 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] 50 years ago “An experiment on 'telepathy' using television” by Donald Michie & D. J. West — We have made a small-scale trial with the object of testing any generalized extra-sensory perception effect and looking for individuals with strongly manifested ...
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/4501170a
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    Planetary science A younger Moon (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 450 (2007), S. 1169-1170 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] It was almost 40 years ago that we found out what the Moon is made of: lunar samples collected during the Apollo missions turned out to consist of rocky material similar in composition to that found on Earth. We also think we know that the Moon formed from the accretion of molten and vaporized ...
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/4501169a
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  • 50
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    Neuroscience Neighbourly synapses (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 450 (2007), S. 1173-1175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Neuronal plasticity describes experience-related and development-associated structural and functional changes in the brain, which contribute to, among other processes, memory formation. Such changes occur at many levels; for example, depriving an animal of visual stimuli results in both small-scale ...
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/4501173a
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    Making the paper David Pines (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 450.2007, 7173, xv-, (1 S.) 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] ...A pessimist might posit that David Pines' 1955 career move cost him a share of the 1972 Nobel Prize in Physics. But, looking back on a career that spans almost 60 years studying the theory of superconductivity, Pines has no regrets. Superconductivity is the mysterious quantum state through ...
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/7173xiiia
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    Performance variability enables adaptive plasticity of ‘crystallized’ adult birdsong (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 450 (2007), S. 1240-1244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Significant trial-by-trial variation persists even in the most practiced skills. One prevalent view is that such variation is simply ‘noise’ that the nervous system is unable to control or that remains below threshold for behavioural relevance. An alternative hypothesis is that ...
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    Allometric degree distributions facilitate food-web stability (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 450 (2007), S. 1226-1229 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In natural ecosystems, species are linked by feeding interactions that determine energy fluxes and create complex food webs. The stability of these food webs enables many species to coexist and to form diverse ecosystems. Recent theory finds predator–prey body-mass ratios to be ...
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    Whales originated from aquatic artiodactyls in the Eocene epoch of India (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 450 (2007), S. 1190-1194 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Although the first ten million years of whale evolution are documented by a remarkable series of fossil skeletons, the link to the ancestor of cetaceans has been missing. It was known that whales are related to even-toed ungulates (artiodactyls), but until now no artiodactyls were morphologically ...
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    Segrosome structure revealed by a complex of ParR with centromere DNA (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 450 (2007), S. 1268-1271 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The stable inheritance of genetic material depends on accurate DNA partition. Plasmids serve as tractable model systems to study DNA segregation because they require only a DNA centromere, a centromere-binding protein and a force-generating ATPase. The centromeres of partition (par) systems ...
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    Trench-parallel flow and seismic anisotropy in the Mariana and Andean subduction systems (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 450 (2007), S. 1222-1225 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Shear-wave splitting measurements above the mantle wedge of the Mariana and southern Andean subduction zones show trench-parallel seismically fast directions close to the trench and abrupt rotations to trench-perpendicular anisotropy in the back arc. These patterns of seismic anisotropy may ...
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    Toll-like receptor signalling in macrophages links the autophagy pathway to phagocytosis (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 450 (2007), S. 1253-1257 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Phagocytosis and autophagy are two ancient, highly conserved processes involved, respectively, in the removal of extracellular organisms and the destruction of organisms in the cytosol. Autophagy, for either metabolic regulation or defence, involves the formation of a double membrane called ...
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    Small RNAs Thinking Small (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 450 (2007), S. 1119-1119 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] “Each day you see major, significant publications on the roles of microRNAs in regulating pathways of genes involved in disease aetiology,” says John Maraganore of Alnylam Pharmaceuticals in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Alongside the research into the mechanisms and roles of microRNA ...
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    Correction (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 450 (2007), S. 1120-1120 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In the Technology Feature 'The personal side of genomics' (Nature 449, 627–630; doi:10.1038/449627a 2007) we said that Illumina uses emulsion PCR in its next-generation sequencing systems. In fact, the company's genome ...
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    Venezuela's way ahead (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 450 (2007), S. 922-922 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The president of Venezuela, Hugo Chávez, suffered his first electoral defeat for a decade on 2 December, when he unexpectedly lost a referendum on constitutional change that was supposed to cement his powers and accelerate socialist reform. The opposition was spearheaded by protest marches ...
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    London to host ambitious research hub (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 450 (2007), S. 926-927 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] ... The announcement last week that Europe's largest medical-research facility is to be built in central London has been largely welcomed by Britain's biomedical community, which hopes that the centre will accelerate the translational research — so beloved by policy-makers — that brings ...
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    Showdown for Europe (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 450 (2007), S. 928-929 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A mammoth bureaucratic battle is looming between senior European Commission officials and national governments that could affect the long-term prospects for the cultivation of genetically modified crops on the continent. ... Late last month, the European Commission's environment commissioner ...
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    Children's books To bodily go ... (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 450 (2007), S. 951-951 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In the film Fantastic Voyage (1966), a group of doctors are miniaturized and sent into the body of a defecting scientist to clear an untreatable blood clot. They witness close up processes at the heart of life — the oxygenation of a red blood cell, an electrical impulse in the brain. ...
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    50 & 100 Years Ago (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 450 (2007), S. 954-954 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] 50 Years Ago “Scientists in Society To-day”, proposal of a toast of the Royal Society by the Right Hon. The Viscount Hailsham Q.C. To-night I can be as bold as brass. Although not a scientist, I am at least an 'egghead' by conviction and, I hope, by practice, and I ...
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    Molecular biology Genome under surveillance (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 450 (2007), S. 959-960 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Organisms store instructions for their own existence in DNA. Specific proteins access and read the DNA sequence either to replicate it or to mediate gene expression. But this DNA-reading process is impeded by chromatin — tight packages of DNA and histone proteins that are essential for ...
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    Obituary Gene H. Golub (1932–2007) (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 450 (2007), S. 962-962 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] ...A century ago, matrices and the techniques for their manipulation — linear algebra — were a backwater of mathematics. Today, they are the foundation not just of the mathematical field of numerical analysis, but also of computational science and engineering, and have become ...
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    A viral microRNA functions as an orthologue of cellular miR-155 (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 450 (2007), S. 1096-1099 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] All metazoan eukaryotes express microRNAs (miRNAs), roughly 22-nucleotide regulatory RNAs that can repress the expression of messenger RNAs bearing complementary sequences. Several DNA viruses also express miRNAs in infected cells, suggesting a role in viral replication and pathogenesis. ...
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    Initiation of zebrafish haematopoiesis by the TATA-box-binding protein-related factor Trf3 (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 450 (2007), S. 1082-1085 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] TATA-box-binding protein (TBP)-related factor 3, TRF3 (also called TBP2), is a vertebrate-specific member of the TBP family that has a conserved carboxy-terminal region and DNA-binding domain virtually identical to that of TBP (ref. 1). TRF3 is highly expressed during embryonic ...
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    Photonics Rogue waves surface in light (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 450 (2007), S. 953-954 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Oceanic rogue waves — monstrous sea waves that form spontaneously and can reach up to 30 metres in height — have been held responsible for marine misfortunes ranging from the sudden sinking of seagoing ships to damage to oil platforms. They are not just the stuff of maritime folklore ...
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    Structural biology Ion pumps made crystal clear (2007)
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 957-959 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Ion pumps toil tirelessly in cells throughout all kingdoms of life, transporting ions across membranes. To investigate the workings of these microscopic machines, X-ray crystal structures of a calcium ion pump known as SERCA have been determined. But although those structures depict SERCA in ...
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    Proteins to proteomes (2007)
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 963-963 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] How are innumerable protein functions integrated so that a living cell interacts coherently with its environment? This question is central to an emerging science of biological information processing — systems biology. For nearly two centuries, 'physiological chemists' had to tackle the ...
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    Shared genomes (2007)
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 762-762 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Although Nature and the Nature journals are built on a business model funded by subscribers and other sources of revenue, various initiatives have been implemented to enhance the accessibility of the research papers published in these journals. They have long been freely available to researchers ...
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    Solar power: California's latest gold rush (2007)
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 768-769 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] ... Silicon Valley is greening. Investors are flocking to low-carbon (clean) energy technologies, fuelling a boom in the sector, with investments set to overtake those in Internet start-ups. But does this venture-capital explosion herald another dotcom bubble? Last week, Google announced its ...
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    Asia plans first cancer network (2007)
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 772-773 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Cancer researchers from around Asia met in Nanjing, China, last month to hammer out plans for a regional network to coordinate epidemiology data and prevention. The network would gather data from cancer registries in countries from the Philippines to Turkey ? an area that has two-thirds of the ...
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    Earth Monitoring: Not enough eyes on the prize (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 450 (2007), S. 782-785 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] ... It seems like such a little thing, the ability to lie back and look up at the full Moon. A moment of wonder or romance on a summer evening, perhaps, but not something vital to the way you do your job. Unless, that is, your job is measuring the amount of photosynthesis going on in Earth's ...
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    Chance to learn and teach in the developing world (2007)
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 788-788 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Sir As married academics on sabbatical leave from the University of California, Davis, we would like to add some comments to your Naturejobs feature on the subject ('The seven-year itch' 〈weblink url="/naturejobs/2007/070816/full/nj7155-834a.html"〉Nature 448, ...
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    The ultimate Romantic adventure (2007)
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 793-794 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The unexpected invasion and occupation of Egypt in 1798–1801 by Napoleon Bonaparte's army, accompanied by 151 French scientists, scholars and artists, is a rich and shimmering subject. It was, as Nina Burleigh puts it, “the ultimate Romantic adventure”. For more than three ...
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    Condensed-matter physics Shear madness (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 450 (2007), S. 800-801 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In 2004, Eun-Seong Kim and Moses Chan placed a sample of solid helium, 4He, in a torsional oscillator at a temperature of about 0.1 kelvin, and allowed it to twist a little. What they observed ensured that the properties of solid helium would become a hot topic. A portion of the ...
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    Few women join ranks of Germany's academic élite (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 450 (2007), S. 788-788 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Sir The excellence initiative is indeed a welcome addition to the German academic world, as your Naturejobs Feature 'Allowing an élite' points out (〈weblink url="/naturejobs/2007/071115/full/nj7168-452a.html"〉Nature 450, 452–453; 2007). But you ...
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    Life, abundant and with simple joy (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 450 (2007), S. 920-920 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] ...Eshe Mintz was one of the lucky millions who experienced the martian first contact as it occurred. She was up giving the Batemans' baby, Madeline, a bottle at 09:13 GMT on 7 November 2018. She'd been following one of the consensus-driven decapedes on the I-TV in the nursery. The decas were her ...
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    A crystallizing dense magma ocean at the base of the Earth’s mantle (2007)
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 866-869 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The distribution of geochemical species in the Earth’s interior is largely controlled by fractional melting and crystallization processes that are intimately linked to the thermal state and evolution of the mantle. The existence of patches of dense partial melt at the base of the ...
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    Characterizing the cancer genome in lung adenocarcinoma (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 450 (2007), S. 893-898 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Somatic alterations in cellular DNA underlie almost all human cancers. The prospect of targeted therapies and the development of high-resolution, genome-wide approaches are now spurring systematic efforts to characterize cancer genomes. Here we report a large-scale project to characterize ...
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    Italy reappoints institute head despite controversy (2007)
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 598-598 
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    Notes: [Auszug] The Italian government has confirmed the reappointment of Enrico Garaci as head of the ISS, Italy's national health-research institute in Rome, despite public criticism of his distribution of research money without peer review (see Nature 450, 〈weblink ...
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    Correction (2007)
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    Nature 450 (2007), S. 599-599 
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    Notes: [Auszug] The News story 'Field trials aim to tackle poverty' (Nature 449, 〈weblink url="http://www.nature.com/uidfinder/10.1038/449957a"〉957 ; 2007) implied that the idea of using mobile-phone-based reminders and time-based incentives to improve tuberculosis drug-regimen adherence ...
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    Abstractions (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 450.2007, 7170, xiii-, (1 S.) 
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    Notes: [Auszug] First author ...Earth and Venus are thought to have had many features in common when they formed about 4.6 billion years ago — including size, atmospheric composition and even surface conditions. Today, however, Venus is uninhabitable, owing to high levels of atmospheric ...
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    A warm layer in Venus' cryosphere and high-altitude measurements of HF, HCl, H 2 O and HDO (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 450 (2007), S. 646-649 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Venus has thick clouds of H2SO4 aerosol particles extending from altitudes of 40 to 60 km. The 60–100 km region (the mesosphere) is a transition region between the 4 day retrograde superrotation at the top of the thick clouds and the ...
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature05974
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    The structure of Venus’ middle atmosphere and ionosphere (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 450 (2007), S. 657-660 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The atmosphere and ionosphere of Venus have been studied in the past by spacecraft with remote sensing or in situ techniques. These early missions, however, have left us with questions about, for example, the atmospheric structure in the transition region from the upper troposphere to the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature06239
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    A dual-Ca 2+ -sensor model for neurotransmitter release in a central synapse (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 450 (2007), S. 676-682 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Ca2+-triggered synchronous neurotransmitter release is well described, but asynchronous release—in fact, its very existence—remains enigmatic. Here we report a quantitative description of asynchronous neurotransmitter release in calyx-of-Held synapses. We show that ...
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature06308
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    Small molecule activators of SIRT1 as therapeutics for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 450 (2007), S. 712-716 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Calorie restriction extends lifespan and produces a metabolic profile desirable for treating diseases of ageing such as type 2 diabetes. SIRT1, an NAD+-dependent deacetylase, is a principal modulator of pathways downstream of calorie restriction that produce beneficial effects ...
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature06261
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    Morphology and dynamics of the upper cloud layer of Venus (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 450 (2007), S. 633-636 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Venus is completely covered by a thick cloud layer, of which the upper part is composed of sulphuric acid and some unknown aerosols. The cloud tops are in fast retrograde rotation (super-rotation), but the factors responsible for this super-rotation are unknown. Here we report observations of ...
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature06320
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    Intracellular bacterial growth is controlled by a kinase network around PKB/AKT1 (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 450 (2007), S. 725-730 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] With the emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria, it is imperative to develop new intervention strategies. Current antibiotics typically target pathogen rather than host-specific biochemical pathways. Here we have developed kinase inhibitors that prevent intracellular growth of ...
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature06345
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    The centromere geometry essential for keeping mitosis error free is controlled by spindle forces (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 450 (2007), S. 745-749 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Accurate segregation of chromosomes, essential for the stability of the genome, depends on ‘bi-orientation’—simultaneous attachment of each individual chromosome to both poles of the mitotic spindle. On bi-oriented chromosomes, kinetochores (macromolecular complexes that ...
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature06344
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    Protein translocation across the eukaryotic endoplasmic reticulum and bacterial plasma membranes (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 450 (2007), S. 663-669 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A decisive step in the biosynthesis of many proteins is their partial or complete translocation across the eukaryotic endoplasmic reticulum membrane or the prokaryotic plasma membrane. Most of these proteins are translocated through a protein-conducting channel that is formed by a conserved, ...
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature06384
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    The molecular architecture of the nuclear pore complex (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 450 (2007), S. 695-701 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are proteinaceous assemblies of approximately 50 MDa that selectively transport cargoes across the nuclear envelope. To determine the molecular architecture of the yeast NPC, we collected a diverse set of biophysical and proteomic data, and developed a method ...
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature06405
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    Marine biology: Lights in the deep (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 450 (2007), S. 472-474 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] ... It is a calm August day in the azure waters of the Bahamas, and Erika Raymond, a doctoral student in Oceanography at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, has been screening hours of video footage inside a shipboard laboratory. The footage comes from a camera system that was ...
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/450472a
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    Grand challenges in chronic non-communicable diseases (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 450 (2007), S. 494-496 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs) are reaching epidemic proportions worldwide. These diseases — which include cardiovascular conditions (mainly heart disease and stroke), some cancers, chronic respiratory conditions and type 2 diabetes — affect people of all ages, ...
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/450494a
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    Electron pockets in the Fermi surface of hole-doped high- T c superconductors (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 450 (2007), S. 533-536 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] High-temperature superconductivity in copper oxides occurs when the materials are chemically tuned to have a carrier concentration intermediate between their metallic state at high doping and their insulating state at zero doping. The underlying evolution of the electron system in the absence ...
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature06332
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    Prescription for change (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 450 (2007), S. 320-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] These are painful times for Livia Turco, the Italian health minister. A member of the centre-left Democratic Party, Turco has been caught in a web of power politics that has led her to nominate Enrico Garaci to serve a third term as president of the ISS, an important, publicly funded ...
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/450320b
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    HIV vaccine may raise risk (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 450 (2007), S. 325-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] ... An HIV vaccine made by Merck that failed in clinical trials may have increased the susceptibility of some trial participants to the AIDS virus, researchers reported last week. The findings have left scientists grappling with the problem of how to handle future trials of vaccines that use ...
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/450325a
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    Snapshot: Light relief (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 450 (2007), S. 329-329 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] ... Luminous jellyfish sculptures fill an exhibition room at the Katonah Museum of Art in New York. The metre-long works by New Orleans artist Eric Ehlenberger consist of blown-glass bodies attached to three neon-filled tentacles powered by a 12-volt d.c. adaptor plugged into a standard electric ...
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/450329a
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