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  • Articles  (666)
  • 2010-2014  (666)
  • 1
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    IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science publication information (2014)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-13
    Print ISSN: 0018-9499
    Electronic ISSN: 1558-1578
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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  • 2
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    Prediction of Leak Flow Rate Using Fuzzy Neural Networks in Severe Post-LOCA Circumstances (2014)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-13
    Description: Providing information about the leak flow rate caused by a loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) to nuclear power plant (NPP) operation personnel is a key to the management and mitigation of severe post-LOCA circumstances at NPPs where active safety injection systems do not actuate. The leak flow rate is a function of break size, differential pressure (i.e., difference between internal and external reactor vessel pressure), temperature, and so on. In this study, the break position and size were first identified and predicted, and then, the leak flow rate was predicted using a fuzzy neural network (FNN). The FNN was developed using training data and validated using independent test data. The data were generated from simulations of the optimized power reactor 1000 (OPR1000) using MAAP4 code. The data for training the FNN model were selected among the acquired data using the subtractive clustering method, and FNN performance was improved. The developed FNN model was sufficiently accurate to be used for predicting leak flow rate, which is useful information for managing severe post-LOCA situations.
    Print ISSN: 0018-9499
    Electronic ISSN: 1558-1578
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
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  • 3
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    High-Speed, Radiation-Tolerant Laser Drivers in 0.13 $mu$ m CMOS Technology for HEP Applications (2014)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-13
    Description: The gigabit laser driver (GBLD) and low-power GBLD (LpGBLD) are two radiation-tolerant laser drivers designed to drive laser diodes at data rates up to 4.8 Gb/s. They have been designed in the framework of the gigabit-transceiver (GBT) and versatile-link projects to provide fast optical links capable of operation in the radiation environment of future high-luminosity high-energy physics experiments. The GBLD provides laser bias and modulation currents up to 43 mA and 24 mA, respectively. It can thus be used to drive vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) and edge-emitting laser diodes. A pre-emphasis circuit, which can provide up to 12 mA in 70 ps pulses, has also been implemented to compensate for high external capacitive loads. The current driving capabilities of the LpGBLD are 2 times smaller that those of the GBLD as it has been optimized to drive VCSELs in order to minimize the power consumption. Both application-specific integrated circuits are designed in 0.13 $~mu$ m commercial complementary metal–oxide semiconductor technology and are powered by a single 2.5 V supply. The power consumption of the core circuit is 89 mW for the GBLD and 55 mW for the LpGBLD.
    Print ISSN: 0018-9499
    Electronic ISSN: 1558-1578
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
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  • 4
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    An Area Efficient SEU-Tolerant Latch Design (2014)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-13
    Description: This paper presents a new SEU-tolerant latch design based on Quatro and NMOS feedback transistors. By using these feedback transistors, the SEU susceptibility is decreased because of the cutoff feedback loop. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed design is immune to static single node upsets. The proposed latch and the reference Quatro were designed and fabricated on a 130 nm process. The test chip was exposed to heavy ions at the TAMU Cyclotron facility. The testing results show that the proposed design has a higher upset LET threshold and lower cross-section when compared to the reference latch. Its lower SEU vulnerability comes with small area penalty.
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    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
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  • 5
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    The Energetic Particle Telescope (EPT) on Board PROBA-V: Description of a New Science-Class Instrument for Particle Detection in Space (2014)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-13
    Description: This paper provides a detailed description of the Energetic Particle Telescope (EPT) accommodated on board the PROBA-V satellite launched on May 7th, 2013 on a LEO, 820 km altitude, 98.7 $^circ $ inclination and a 10:30–11:30 Local Time at Descending Node. The EPT is an ionizing particle spectrometer that was designed based on a new concept and the most advanced signal processing technologies: it performs in-flight electron and ion discrimination and classifies each detected particle in its corresponding physical channels from which the incident spectrum can be readily reconstructed. The detector measures electron fluxes in the energy range 0.5–20 MeV, proton fluxes in the energy range 9.5–300 MeV and He-ion fluxes between 38 and 1200 MeV. The EPT is a modular configurable instrument with customizable maximum energy, field of view angle, geometrical factor and angular resolution. Therefore, the features of the currently flying instrument may slightly differ from those described in past or future configurations. After a description of the instrument along with the data acquisition and analysis procedures, the first particle fluxes measured by the EPT will be shown and discussed. The web-site located at http://web.csr.ucl.ac.be/csr_web/probav/ which daily displays measured fluxes and other related studies will also be briefly described.
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    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
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  • 6
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    Total Ionizing Dose Effects on DRAM Data Retention Time (2014)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-13
    Description: Dynamic random access memory (DRAM) data retention time degradation induced by radiation exposure is investigated in this paper. We present the experimental setup and the results of total ionizing dose (TID) test on a COTS SDRAM device. We observed a significant retention time reduction related to the absorbed dose and we assume radiation induced interface trap generation as the origin of the retention time reduction. By measuring individual cells retention time before and after radiation exposures, we found out that the reduction is not homogeneous among cells: the amount of leakage current increase depends on the position and the energy level of the generated trap, leading to a wide distribution of retention time reduction. Of particular interest is the fact that device was unbiased during irradiation and that no post-irradiation recovery was observed.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1558-1578
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
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  • 7
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    Microstrip Transmission-Line Electrodes for Position Sensitive Radiation Detection (2014)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-13
    Description: A serpentine transmission-line in a microstrip configuration is used to enable fine position sensing in semiconductor radiation detectors. Specifically demonstrated with silicon substrates coupled to standard charge-sensitive preamplifiers, a meandering electrode is used to enable lateral position sensing to within an approximately 1 cm length along the electrode. Configured in a rectilinear shape, the lateral resolution is therefore equivalent to the strip pitch, which we have made as small as $4 ~muhbox{m}$ . The position-of-interaction is extracted using either timing or amplitude techniques, both enabled by the slow-wave propagation structure inherent to the standard metal-semiconductor-insulator configuration of the bounding electrodes, the analysis of which is summarized and compared experimentally.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1558-1578
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
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  • 8
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    A Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) TDC for the Fermilab SeaQuest (E906) Experiment and Its Test with a Novel External Wave Union Launcher (2014)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-13
    Description: We developed a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) TDC module for the tracking detectors of the Fermilab SeaQuest (E906) experiment, including drift chambers, proportional tubes, and hodoscopes. This 64-channel TDC module had a 6U VMEbus form factor and was equipped with a low-power, radiation-hardened Microsemi ProASIC3 Flash-based FPGA. The design of the new FPGA firmware (Run2-TDC) aimed to reduce the data volume and data acquisition (DAQ) deadtime. The firmware digitized multiple input hits of both polarities while allowing users to turn on a multiple-hit elimination logic to remove after-pulses in the wire chambers and proportional tubes. A scaler was implemented in the firmware to allow for recording the number of hits in each channel. The TDC resolution was determined by an internal cell delay of 450 ps. A measurement precision of 200 ps was achieved. We used five kinds of tests to ensure the qualification of 93 TDCs in mass production. We utilized the external wave union launcher in our test to improve the TDC’s measurement precision and also to illustrate how to construct the Wave Union TDC using an existing multi-hit TDC without modifying its firmware. Measurement precision was improved by a factor of about two (108 ps) based on the four-edge wave union. Better measurement precision (69 ps) was achieved by combining the approaches of Wave Union TDC and multiple-channel ganging.
    Print ISSN: 0018-9499
    Electronic ISSN: 1558-1578
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
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  • 9
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    Feasibility Study of Time-of-Flight Compton Scatter Imaging Using Picosecond Length X-Ray Pulses (2014)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-13
    Description: By measuring the time of flight of scattered X-ray photons, the point of interaction, assuming a single scatter, can be determined, providing 3-D information about an object under inspection. This paper describes experimental ToF Compton scatter measurements conducted at the versatile electron linear accelerator (VELA), a picosecond pulsewidth electron source situated in Daresbury, U.K. The ToF of scattered X-ray photons was measured using a CeBr3 detector, and a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of between 29  and 36 cm was achieved with a 5-cm-thick plastic test object. By implementing a low-energy cutoff, the FWHM was reduced to between 12 and 26 cm. Two test objects placed in series with a 50-cm space between were separable in the data after applying the low energy cutoff.
    Print ISSN: 0018-9499
    Electronic ISSN: 1558-1578
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
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  • 10
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    Radiation Hardness Assurance Methodology of Radiation Tolerant Power Converter Controls for Large Hadron Collider (2014)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-13
    Description: This work describes in detail the Radiation Hardness Assurance methodology applied to the development of new radiation tolerant power converter control system for the Large Hadron Collider at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN). This system is based primarily on commercial-off-the-shelf components for which the extensive testing scheme is applied to decrease the probability of radiation failures during the operation of the LHC machine in the high-luminosity operating conditions era.
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    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
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