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  • Articles  (1,161)
  • 2015-2019  (1,161)
  • Chemical and Petroleum Engineering  (436)
  • 9395
  • Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology  (1,161)
  • 1
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    Intensification of Gas-Liquid Processes in Multi-Purpose Rotary-Pulsating Units (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-05
    Description: This article examines the design of rotary-pulsating units intended for intensification of homogenization, dispersion, extraction, and absorption processes. The intensification and effectiveness of the processes is provided by interaction between forces of a different nature, which develop as a result of complexflow hydrodynamics, acoustic vibrations, and cavitation. Experimental investigations were conducted to determine optimal production and design parameters for implementation of these processes.
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  • 2
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    Analysis of Parameters of High-Purity Hydrogen Production from Methane in a Laboratory-Scale Membrane Reformer with an Ultrathin Palladium Membrane (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-05
    Description: The key characteristics of a laboratory-scale membrane reformer for high-purity hydrogen production from methane with a 4- \( \mu \) m-thick palladium membrane are described quantitatively using a mathematical model for an ideal displacement reactor that takes account of the hydrogen mass flux through the membrane and chemical reaction in the gas phase. Application of model representations for calculating the basic technological and design parameters of a high-efficiency membrane reformer with a 41.8 m 3 H 2 /h production capacity for feeding a 50 kW battery of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) with hydrogen is illustrated on a project example.
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  • 3
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    Application of Disk Springs for Manufacturing Vibration Isolators with Quasi-Zero Stiffness (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-05
    Description: Application of disk springs as vibration isolators with quasi-zero stiffness is described. Analytical studies are made to determine the design parameters of the described vibration isolators. The model of a disk spring as a combination of a separate disk spring and an annular section is proposed.
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  • 4
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    Probabilistic Criterion of Fire Safety of Oil and Gas Industry Facilities Exposed to Effect of Forest Fires (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-05
    Description: The probabilistic criterion of assessment of fi re safety of oil and gas industrial facilities exposed to the influence of active forest fires in the adjoining area is examined. Various scenarios of thermal effect of forest fires on constructional materials of industrial facilities are described. The function of the criterion is demonstrated using a simplified deterministic thermophysical constructional material ignition model. The results of model calculations of the probability of occurrence of fire at industrial facilities are reported.
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  • 5
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    Comparison of Computed and Experimental Characteristics of a Variable-Lead Screw (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-07
    Description: A comparison of the pressure characteristics of constant- and variable-lead screws obtained experimentally and computed on the basis of geometric parameters in light of reverse currents is carried out. Good convergence of the computed pressure characteristics of the screws with the experimental values is demonstrated. A graph of the dependence of the basic parameters of a screw, such as the maximum head, capacity, and efficiency, on the ratio between the blade spacing at the inlet and at the outlet, is presented.
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  • 6
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    Effect of Ultrafine Components on Welded Joint Metal Properties for Metal Structure Operation at Negative Temperatures (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-07
    Description: It is shown that introduction into electrodes and agglomerated fluxes for arc welding of ultrafine refractory compound components facilitates an increase in low-carbon steel metal structure cold resistance.
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  • 7
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    Development of a Combined Technology and Ultrasonic Scheme for Stimulation of Oil Recovery (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-08
    Description: Experimental and full-scale pilot tests of a newly developed thermoacoustic down-hole system and a combined technology in fields of Western Siberia and the Samara Oblast testify to their high efficiency. The equipment and technology developed can be offered to oil companies to increase the yield of their wells.
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  • 8
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    Pressure Loss in a Cylindrical Duct with Sudden Section Enlargement During Intake of Radial Gas Jets into an Axial Cross-Flow (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-05
    Description: Results are presented for experimental investigations of pressure loss in a cylindrical duct with sudden section enlargement and interaction between an axial gas cross-flow and several rows of radial gas jets. The influence exerted by basic structural parameters, and also the velocities of the axial cross-flow and jets on hydraulic characteristics of the process is examined.
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  • 9
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    Mathematical Modeling of the Workflows of a Reciprocating Compressor with Intensive Cooling of the Cylindrical Piston Group (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-05
    Description: A new design of a reciprocating compressor with intensive cooling of the cylinder-piston group based on an analysis of the cooling of reciprocating compressors is considered. Using the fundamental laws of conservation of energy, mass, and volume as well as the dynamical equation, equation of state, and Hooke’s equation, a mathematical model of the workflows is developed. Workflows in the reciprocating compressor being considered here with intensive cooling of the cylinder-piston group are analyzed and evaluated.
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  • 10
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    Characteristics and Analysis of a Cavitation Jet Mixer (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-05
    Description: Operation of a mixer-ejector in the cavitation mode is investigated. An analytical expression for the dimensionless pressure-capacity curve of the cavitational mixer-ejector is derived. The limiting allowable characteristics permitting analysis of the unit are obtained for known physical properties of the components of the mixture and their volume fractions within the flow of the mixture. An example is cited for analysis of a cavitational mixer-ejector.
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  • 11
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    An Approach to Smart Information Support of Decision-Making in the Design of Chemical Equipment (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-11-24
    Description: The structure and components of a virtual office intended for automation of the design of chemical equipment and to help students study the basics of design and construction of chemical equipment is described. An approach to the addition of smart features to a virtual office with the use of a relational database for knowledge storage is proposed. The structure of a database containing production rules is considered using as an example a base of standard dimensions of elements of chemical equipment.
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  • 12
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    Computer Monitoring of the Remaining Life of Tubular Elements of Structures (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-11-24
    Description: A method and an algorithm for computer-based analysis of the kinetics of elastoplastic deformation and the load-carrying capacity and life of the tubular elements of constructions that function under conditions of repeated thermomechanical effects are developed on the basis of the theory of nonisothermal plastic flow. Results of computer analysis of processes of build-up of fatigue damage in the structural material are presented.
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  • 13
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    Preparation of Nano-Modified Reactoplast Polymer Composites. Part 1. Features of Used Nanotechnologies and Potential Application Areas of Nanocomposites (a Review) (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-11-24
    Description: The prospects for development and practical application of nanotechnology, including for production of nano-modified polymer composites, were analyzed in terms of the achievements of modern science and technology. Characteristic features of nanofillers and possible future applications of carbon nanotubes were studied. The directions in which polymer nanocomposite production technology is developing, including economic aspects of implementing their formation nanotechnologies, were described.
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  • 14
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    Influence of Hydrocyclone Construction Parameters on Nonlinear Viscoplastic Fluid Hydrodynamics (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-11-24
    Description: The influence of hydrocyclone construction parameters on nonlinear viscoplastic fluid hydrodynamics was analyzed using numerical modeling. The influence of the cone angle of the hydrocyclone case conical part and a dimensionless flow-rate parameter on axial damping of the tangential velocity component and the fluid film thickness was established. The influence of the construction parameters on the separating capability of the hydrocyclone was analyzed preliminarily. A physical justification of the results was presented.
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  • 15
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    An Algorithm-Based Program of an Information and Measurement System for Monitoring the Technical State of Pipelines (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-11-24
    Description: An algorithm-based program of an information and measurement system for use in monitoring the technical state of pipelines which is capable of processing information generated by one nondestructive testing method or by a set of such methods is developed with evaluation of the state of a pipeline performed on the basis of a Bayesian approach. The highly sensitive (by comparison with other methods) method of acoustic emission is selected as the base method of nondestructive testing. By means of this method it is possible to detect and monitor the development of potentially dangerous defects. It is suggested that information from indicators of signs that accompany the development of defects should be used in order to increase the speed of an algorithm used for probabilistic evaluation of the state of a pipeline.
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  • 16
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    Acoustic Emission in Monitoring Corrosion of Crude Distillation-Unit Equipment (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-11-24
    Description: The possibility of detecting a change in the corrosion mechanism of carbon steel by analyzing acoustic-emission (AE) signals was investigated. The change in the corrosion mechanism of steel 20 with a change of pH was modeled in citrate buffers at various pH values. The overall steel corrosion rate, polarization curves, corrosion products, and AE signals associated with steel dissolution were analyzed. It was shown that AE monitoring of the overall corrosion of carbon steel could not only estimate the extent of corrosion but also detect changes in the corrosion mechanism.
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  • 17
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    Modern Approach to Use of Air Gas Coolers at Compressor Stations (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-11-24
    Description: This article provides examples of application of the principle of aggregation of air coolers (AC) for gas cooling and formulates the requirements of an AC. Use of the core component helps find the optimal technical solutions by varying the AC parameters in a wide range. The principle of aggregation helps reduce the installation time maximally and create light energy-efficient structures.
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  • 18
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    Application of Magnetic Fluid Seals for Improving Reliability of Air Coolers (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-11-24
    Description: It is proposed to replace regular electric motor output shaft seals with magnetic fluid seals, which ensure leak-tightness of upper bearing assemblies. A mathematical model that takes account of the interaction of magnetic and hydrodynamic processes in the seal gap is developed. The results of tests and operation of the magnetic fluid seals are reported.
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  • 19
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    Gland Seals with Soft Gasket with Trapezoidal Cross-Section (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-11-24
    Description: The article discusses the construction of glands seals provided with a soft trapezoid-shaped gasket. Such a construction assures a lengthwise uniform load on the gasket with minimal (based on air-tightness of the seal) magnitude of the load. A calculation of the basic parameters of the seal is presented.
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  • 20
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    Increasing the Efficiency of Electrostatic Precipitators by Using Their Working Characteristics (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-11-23
    Description: The article shows ways of increasing the degree of purification of gases by electrostatic precipitators (ESР). Possible mechanical problems with the ESP should be addressed and optimization of high-voltage power units should be conducted first. Further, the impact of a range of parameters on the degree of gas cleaning and dust discharge from the ESP is illustrated. An example illustrates the influence of changing a number of ESP parameters at an operating power plant on dust emissions from the ESP.
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  • 21
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    Reduction of Salt Deposits on the Surface of Oilfield Equipment by Management of Electrochemical Parameters of the Medium (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-11-24
    Description: Corrosion activity of the environment is caused by the presence in it of salt ions that are directly involved in the corrosion process causing deposition of inorganic salts on the surface of the equipment. Removal of such active salt ions from the working environment or modifying them from the active to the inactive state significantly reduces the rate of corrosion of the equipment and the amount of salt deposits.
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  • 22
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    Deformation of Water Droplets at Various Initial Temperatures During Motion Through Cooled Air (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-11-24
    Description: Experimental investigations exploring the integral characteristics of the deformation of water droplets at various initial temperatures (280 to 360 K) in air at 275–300 K were conducted. Sizes (diameters) and motion velocities of the droplets were varied between 3 and 6 mm and 0 to 5 m/sec, respectively. High-speed (up to10 5 frames per second) video cameras, cross-correlation measuring systems, and panoramic optical methods (PIV and IPI) were used. The main characteristics of droplet “deformation cycles,” as well as their shapes and existence times were determined. The influence of droplet sizes and motion velocities on the characteristics of their deformation for the conditions corresponding to operation of modern cooling towers, evaporators, separating machines, irrigators, and other devices typical in gas-vapor-droplet technological cycles was established.
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  • 23
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    Study and Use of Chromium Steel Plasma Hardening (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-11-24
    Description: Chromium steel (12% Cr) surface layer microhardness and microstructure after plasma hardening are studied. Friction tests show that plasma hardening increases chromium steel wear resistance by more than two orders of magnitude. Use of UDGZ-200 equipment makes it possible to perform hardening without deformation for steel 20X13 “races.” Hardened race withstand standard acceptance tests.
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  • 24
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    Equipment Package for Associated Petroleum Gas Gathering and Utilization (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-11-24
    Description: The studied equipment package permits associated petroleum gas gathering throughout the oil and gas production and gas utilization chain with electricity and heat generation.
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  • 25
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    Regularities in Evaporation and Carryover of Polydisperse Water Flow Droplets During Motion Through High-Temperature Gases (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-11-24
    Description: The macroscopic regularities of the motion of water droplets (initial size 50–500 μm) moving through a counter-flowing high-temperature gas at about 1100 K were investigated using panoramic tracer visualization optical methods (Particle Image Velocimetry and Interferometric Particle Imaging). Characteristic velocities of water droplet evaporation, as well as conditions for their retardation and subsequent carryover by high-temperature gases, were determined. The limiting initial velocities and sizes of droplets for which the conditions of retardation and carryover are implemented were established. Recommendations for improvement of the effectiveness of thermal (high-temperature) water cleaning were formulated.
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  • 26
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    Choice of Alternative Steel Grade for Manufacturing Bottom-Hole Pumping Rod Joint Couplings (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-11-24
    Description: Substantiation of the choice is considered for an alternative 20G grade low-alloy structural steel instead of structural steel 40 for manufacturing bottom-hole pumping rod joint couplings. Steel 20G is most economic, available, and in many ways is no worse than steel 40. Laboratory and industrial tests are carried out for testing couplings prepared from steel 20G. It is established that with respect to the criterion of thread cutting the safe load factor is 5.75–9.84.
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  • 27
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    Predictive Modeling of Gas-Phase Ignition of Products of the Thermal Decomposition of Coal (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-11-23
    Description: A predictive mathematical model for estimating the fire hazard presented by the interaction of a mixture of the products of the thermal decomposition of coal with atmospheric air at relatively low (up to 500 K) temperatures is developed. Heat and mass transfer processes are described by the differential equations of thermal conductivity and diffusion as well as by the balance equation of the concentrations of the components of the gas mixture. Exothermic reaction in the zone of the oxidation reaction is described by the Arrhenius equation. The limiting temperature of the medium formed by the oxidizing agent and the ignition delay time corresponding to these temperatures are established as a result of a numerical investigation of the integral characteristics of “low-temperature” ignition of the gaseous products of thermal decomposition of a single particle of coal of low dimensions (50–500 μm). Recommendations for reducing the number of uncontrolled ignitions of coal in the interaction with “low-temperature” flows of air under the conditions of industrial production are formulated.
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  • 28
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    Computer-Aided Design of Layouts for Cutting Shells for Chemical and Oil-and-Gas Engineering Articles (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-11-23
    Description: The results of theoretical and experimental studies of new models and methods for creating software for an automated (computer-based) information system to solve direct and inverse problems of optimal geometric cover of a multiply connected orthogonal polygon (shell) of chemical and oil-and-gas engineering articles are analyzed.
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  • 29
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    Dynamic Synthesis of Technological Equipment for the Manufacture of Precision Articles (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-11-24
    Description: Questions related to the creation of technological equipment by means of which nanodimensional precision in processing by turning methods may be achieved are considered. The solution of the problem is based on synthesis of the parameters of a dynamic model of a lathe, which makes it possible to take into account the dynamic characteristics of existing or newly designed equipment and the errors of dynamic alignment of the lathe.
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  • 30
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    Fluid Pressure Distribution at Slot Seal Channel Inlet and its Effect on Radial Force in Eccentric Slot Channel (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-11-26
    Description: Information on fluid pressure distribution pattern at slot seal channel inlet is given, and a mathematical equation is proposed for its description. A simplified procedure for calculating radial forces in a nonaxisymmetric annular slot seal channel, which takes account of both the asymmetry of pressure distribution at slot channel inlet and the pattern of its change along the length of the inlet section of the channel, is given.
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  • 31
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    Comprehensive Solution of Sewage Cleaning and Waste Utilization Ecological Problems (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-30
    Description: Absorption properties of ceramic workshop waste and mixtures with agricultural processing waste are studied. The efficiency of cleaning effluent from heavy metal cations is calculated. The surface microstructure of the absorbents obtained is considered.
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  • 32
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    Intensification of Heat and Mass Exchange in the Packed Fractionating Tower of a Low-Output Air Separation Plant Functioning in a High-Pressure Cycle (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-30
    Description: Questions related to determining the conditions that characterize the efficiency of the process of low-temperature fractionating in the packed column of a low-output air separation plant functioning in a high-pressure cycle are considered. Special attention is devoted to the development of an algorithm for finding the optimal parameters of the course of the fractionating process with given initial conditions that assure maximal intensification of heat and mass exchange in a contact device.
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  • 33
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    Study of Equipment Corrosion Resistance in the Production of Potash by a Halurgical Method (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-06-02
    Description: Corrosion resistance of equipment for potash production by a halurgical method is studied. Results are provided for accelerated electrochemical corrosion resistance tests for stainless steels in model working production media.
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  • 34
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    Determination of Temperature Dependence of Biomass Heat Capacity in Low-Temperature Pyrolysis (Prepyrolysis) Conditions (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-06-02
    Description: Results of determination of effective heat capacity of untreated biomass granules are furnished. It is shown that evaporation of moisture and other volatile components present in the material affects heat absorption by the material. A mathematical model of the temperature field in reactor chambers during low-temperature biomass pyrolysis is given.
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  • 35
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    Algorithms for Estimating the Polycomposition of Gaseous Media by a Multichannel System (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-06-02
    Description: Algorithms for use in estimating the parameters of nonlinear models and discriminating the output signals of a multichannel system used for estimating the polycomposition of gaseous media are considered. Systems of conditional equations are used in the synthesis of the algorithms. Using these systems, it is possible to solve systems of nonlinear equations and realize a required degree of precision of the results of an estimation obtained with the use of corresponding iterations.
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  • 36
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    Testing of a Scroll Expander in Various Modes (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-06-02
    Description: An experimental bench is presented for testing of a scroll expander at various rotational speeds and expansion ratios. Test data obtained are presented in the form of plots showing the dependence of isoentropic efficiency on expansion ratio and rotational speed. Prospects for improvement of the bench and new tests are noted on the basis of analysis of test results obtained.
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    Corrosion-Resistant High-Silicon Cast Iron for Chemical Engineering Components (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-06-02
    Description: A method is proposed for preparing corrosion-resistant high-silicon cast iron by processing fine waste from engineering enterprises in a self-propagating high-temperature synthesis process. Theoretical aspects for the SHS process and a practical procedure for implementing it are provided. Results of analyzing practical experiments are presented.
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    Promising Devices for Mechanical and Hydroabrasive Cleaning of Heat-Exchange Surfaces (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-29
    Description: The advantages and disadvantages of familiar methods of controlling sediments and dirt are examined. Promising new equipment designs are proposed for periodic and continuous cleaning of the external surface of an inner tube within the inter-tube space of heat exchangers and the heat-exchange surface of the containers (columns, and jackets of chemical reactors, boilers) that have been patented in the Russian Federation.
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    Free-Piston Diesel Compressor Based Heat Pumps Using Carbon Dioxide as Working Fluid (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-29
    Description: The key technical and economic indexes of Russian free-piston diesel compressors designed for carbon dioxide heat pumps are given. Use of these compressors allows building of 0.5–5.0 MW heat pumps with improved weight-size and cost parameters. A wide variety of hydrocarbons, such as natural gas, mine methane, associated petroleum gas, biogas, etc., can be used in these installations as the primary fuel, which makes it possible to increase the share of heat pumps substantially in stand-alone and centralized heat supply systems.
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    Preparation of Polymer Antifriction Materials for Highly Loaded Oil Pump Friction Assemblies (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-29
    Description: Technological aspects are developed for preparing graded polymer composite materials for antifriction purposes based on epoxy resin by centrifugal molding, capable of operation without lubricant in oil pump ball friction assemblies.
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    Design of Packers for Sealing of the Inter-Tube Space in Equipment used for Recovery of Oil and Gas (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-29
    Description: The working conditions of rubber seals of packers for sealing of individual zones of a well are considered. Means of improving the reliability of existing packer designs are offered. A new packer design is developed for casing pipes.
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    Cost Optimization in Designing Modern Cryogenic Complexes of Large Superconductor Systems (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-29
    Description: An integrated method for enhancing energy efficiency of modern large-scale cryogenic complexes (annual energy consumption more than 100 GWh) that allow operation of superconducting magnets of particle accelerators is analyzed. Two conventional loops, namely, “cold” and “warm” (compressor), with subsequent separate optimization of each loop, are marked out in the cryogenic complex cycle. Separate optimization helps simplify the choice of optimal cycle pressure as well as the choice of the most efficient helium vapor evacuation for providing the required cryogenic temperature of 2 K.
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    Analysis of Reasons for Corrosion of a Screw Dissolver in Potash Fertilizer Production (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-29
    Description: Reasons are analyzed for breakdown of a screw dissolver in a modernized scheme for potash production. It is revealed that modernization of the mixing scheme for working flows leads to accelerated corrosion and erosion breakdown of equipment units and assemblies.
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    Mathematical Modeling of the Working Processes in a Bicylindrical Spur Gear Pump (2015)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-29
    Description: Two approaches to mathematical modeling of the working processes of a new design, a bicylindrical spur gear pump, are considered. The first approach is based on Bernoulli’s equation, Hooke’s law, and the laws of conservation of mass, energy, and the dynamics of motion. The k –ε model of turbulence is used in the second approach to model the working processes of the pump. A comparison of the use of the two approaches is conducted. A dependence of the instantaneous delivery of the pump on the rotation angle of the rotors is established.
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    Selecting the Shape of Cyclic Cryogenic Adsorber (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-29
    Description: Processes in adsorbers with fixed sorbent bed, used for cryogenic separation of gas mixtures, are analyzed. Improvement margins of industrial adsorbers for inert gas production are ascertained. The obtained information is used to shorten the time of unproductive sorption cycle fragments (regeneration and cooling). As a result, the number of adsorbers required for continuous purification is reduced.
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    Production of Biodiesel with Supercritical Parameters (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-29
    Description: A method for producing biodiesel with supercritical parameters is described and the advantages of the method vis-à-vis the catalytic methods are determined. An experimental setup for obtaining fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) is presented with a description of its basic units. Arrays of parameters that determine the efficiency and intensity of the process as a whole are obtained by a series of experiments. The rate of formation and yield of FAME depending on these parameters are determined, and then the optimal parameters of process implementation for producing biodiesel in supercritical methanol are presented. The feasibility of producing biodiesel with supercritical parameters is shown.
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    Efficiency of Surface Hardening by Carburizing Steel Objects Operating under Abrasive Wear Conditions (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-28
    Description: The possibility is demonstrated of significant surface hardening for steel objects operating under abrasive wear conditions by carburizing, which provides the formation of a considerable amount of excess cementite within diffusion layers.
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    Investigation of Peat Combustion Using Neural Network Model (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2016-07-29
    Description: Some features of milled-peat combustion process are investigated using neural network model.
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    Mixing Foaming Liquids in Centrifugal Action Machines (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2016-07-29
    Description: The possibility of mixing foaming liquids in a centrifugal field is investigated. A theoretical analysis of the formation of foam showed that under certain design and operational parameters of the cylindrical continuous-flow hydrocyclone the process of mixing foaming media can take place without foaming.
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    Development of Gas-Liquid Ejection Apparatus Construction Designs (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2016-07-29
    Description: Three designs of a gas-liquid ejection apparatus were developed: with a long ejector, a gas-liquid jet and a short ejector, and a combined one with a multi-tiered ejector. The effectiveness of the gas-liquid apparatuses was determined by the sulfite method. From the results of experimental studies it was found that the gas-liquid ejection apparatus with a multi-tiered ejector is considerably more effective than the others.
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    Bearing Surface Area of Plate Macrorelief and Ways of Increasing It in the Course of Grinding Parts Made of Corrosion-Resistant Steel by Means of Aerobor Grinding Wheels (2016)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2016-07-31
    Description: Monitoring of the operation of grinding of the end faces of parts used in the petrochemical industrial by means of digital photography and topograms of the end faces with the use of a comparatively simple method is proposed. A new numerical quality indicator that describes the relief of macro-irregularities is introduced for this purpose. The technique has been approved for grinding of corrosion-resistant steels by Aerobor wheels. Reasons for the occurrence of a pseudo-regular relief on a surface are established. A relationship between the kinematics of grinding and the variation in the bearing surface area is demonstrated by means of statistical analysis. Recommended fields of effective application of the results of the study are given.
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    Highly Efficient Methods of Machining Titanium for Oil-Gas Drilling Equipment (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2016-07-31
    Description: A method is proposed for combined machining of difficultly machinable materials with precooling of blanks. It is demonstrated with reference to titanium and its alloys that high surface quality and assigned performance properties of the components can be ensured with retention of prolonged cutting-tool life by controlling heat fluxes during high-speed machining with precooling. For making tools, the most preferable are tool materials with a high heat conductivity coefficient.
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    Increased Efficiency of Solar-Powered Absorption Thermotransformers (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2016-08-02
    Description: The physicochemical properties of activated carbons (AC) were investigated in order to determine their basic characteristics that define the absorption capacity of activated carbons with different absorbates (coolants). The absorption capacities of the working pairs AC–ammonia, AC–methylamine, and AC–ethylamine were investigated. Specific parametric coefficients for the Dubinin–Radushkevich structural equation were obtained. The experimental dependence of the daily cycle of solar-powered thermotransformers working with the pair AC–ammonia was presented and proved the positive effect of the work. The thermodynamic efficiencies of solar-powered thermotransformers with the working pairs were determined from the exergy coefficients and suggested areas for efficient application of solar-powered thermotransformers.
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    Aerodynamics of a Cyclone Heat Exchanger (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2016-08-02
    Description: The results of an experimental and analytical study of the effect of gas flow rate (Reynolds number) on the pressure distribution, the tension of surface friction, and the characteristics of the boundary layer on the heat-transfer pipe surface of a cyclone heat exchanger offset from the aerodynamic axis of a highly turbulent swirling flow are provided and analyzed. It was found that the decrease of the Reynolds number below the value that defines the boundary of the cyclonic flow self-similarity changes the flow conditions around the pipe surface, the position of the critical points, the dimensions of the characteristic zones, and the flow regime of the boundary layer in its frontal part.
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    Verification of the Adequacy of an Algorithm for Estimating the Polycomposition of Gaseous Media Applied to a Multichannel Measurement System (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2016-08-02
    Description: A technique of verifying the adequacy of an algorithm for estimating the polycomposition of gaseous media in terms of the adequacy of a corresponding mathematical model of a multichannel system is developed. The mathematical model is based on a previously proposed iterational process (algorithm) for estimating the parameters of a model that takes into account the totality of data in all the channels. A technique for more precise verification of the adequacy of the mathematical model, by means of which a result in the form of the confidence limits of the parameters may be obtained, is developed with the use of a dispersion approach.
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    Calculation of Liquid Flow Through Pump-Compressor Slot Seal Made in the Form of Hydrodiode (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2016-08-06
    Description: The results of study of a piston hybrid machine that combines the function of a positive displacement pumpcum-compressor unit are reported. A distinctive feature of the studied machine is the presence between the piston and the cylinder wall of a slot seal made in the form of a hydrodiode. A numerical model of the motion of an incompressible viscous liquid in the channel of the hydrodiode made in 3D axisymmetric formulation is proposed. The turbulence effects are determined using SST (shear-stress transport) model. It is shown that the rate of liquid flow through the slot seal depends on the direction of motion. The physical nature of this phenomenon is analyzed.
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    Modeling of the Initial Adjustment Parameters of Petroleum Recovery Control Systems. Part 1. Degrees of Detail and Formulation of Models of Vectors of Variables with Disturbances (2016)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2016-07-30
    Description: Features in the process of modeling the vectors of the input and output variables of petroleum recovery process control systems with different degrees of detail of their structures are considered. Methods of monitoring discharges of liquids at perforated depth intervals of water injection and petroleum producing wells of oil and gas deposits as the basic condition for implementing a real-time regime in these systems are proposed. Conditions for increasing the precision with which the parameters of the variables are monitored based on the hardware components employed in measurements of complex borehole media are considered.
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    Visualization of the Factor of Transported-Catalyst Density Distribution Along the Length of Vertical Pipelines in Petroleum Gas Oil Cracking Units (2016)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2016-05-27
    Description: The problem of prompt speed and density profile mapping based on mathematical modeling of particle motion in the acceleration section of catalyst pneumotransport lines is discussed. An algorithm is developed to calculate the distribution of these parameters along the longitudinal coordinate of reactor-lifts to improve ergonomic efficiency of operation of reaction-regeneration systems used in oil refining and petrochemical industries.
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    Investigation of the Effect of Microwave-Radiation Energy Flux on the Structure and Properties of Polymeric Insulating Materials (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2016-07-29
    Description: Mobile units for microwave processing of polymeric coatings directly on a pipe are designed. Ultrahigh-frequency (UHF) electromagnetic radiation has several advantages. It intensifies energy exchange in the material by converting radiant energy into kinetic energy of molecular vibrations and ensures uniform treatment of the substance in the irradiated volume. The energy flux is highly stable due to a lack of inertia upon varying its power.
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    Development of a Vibrowave Generator for Vibroimpact on Bottom-Hole Formation Zone (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2016-07-29
    Description: A vibrowave generator for vibroimpact on bottom-hole formation zone (BFZ) and restoration of well production is developed to solve the problems of pollution and reduction of BFZ permeability.
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    Adaptive Control System of the Electric Discharge Machining Process (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2016-07-29
    Description: The article presents the scientific rationale for the approach to the development of an adaptive management system for the electric discharge machining process based on artificial intelligence principles to achieve the required surface quality of the workpiece. A three-layer neural network for controlling the process of electric discharge machining and a block diagram of the research bench to study the efficiency of electric discharge machining with the use of the developed adaptive control system are described.
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    Effect of Solution Flow Pattern on Mass Transfer in Baromembrane Separation of Industrial Solutions and Effluents (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2016-07-29
    Description: The results of experimental research on hydrodynamics of solution flow in membrane channel are reported. Response curves correlating flow pattern with solution flow rate, pressure, and type of membrane module are obtained. A theoretical analysis of the research results is made with a description of the response curves using criterial equations that correlate empirical coefficients with solution flow rate in the channel, pressure, and type of membrane elements.
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    Analysis of Operation of Electrostatic Precipitators at High Concentrations of Fine Dispersed Phase (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2016-07-29
    Description: Analysis of operation of electrostatic precipitators at high concentrations of the fine dispersed phase is given here. Changes in the parameters of the electrostatic precipitator in the presence of the dispersed phase are considered. Theoretical analysis of the process of corona discharge locking is given. Calculation results of electric field voltage distribution in the presence of a charged dispersed phase and the distribution of aerosol concentration over the cross section of the electrode gap are given. The expediency of using discharge electrodes with a low corona discharge ignition voltage is demonstrated.
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    Assessment of the Impact of Various Seawater Components on the Corrosion Resistance of Carbon Steels (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2016-07-30
    Description: The resistance of steels with different carbon contents to sulfide stress corrosion cracking arising as a result of the joint effect of chlorides and sulfides contained in seawater is discussed. It is shown that corrosion cracking tests for samples under uniaxial tension at a constant strain rate can be used for accelerated testing. Parameters recommended in different regulations for assessment of steel resistance to stress corrosion cracking are compared. It is shown that the specific work of steel fracturing is an indicator reflecting most comprehensively the change in steel strength and plastic characteristics.
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    Repair Features of Mechanical and Corrosion Damage in a Main Gas Pipeline Under Pressure (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-04-04
    Description: An approach is proposed for repair technology of mechanical and corrosion damage in gas pipelines under pressure by welding (built-up welding) taking account of the effect of melting depth and reduction in strength properties of a pipe wall during welding.
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    Compensation of Temperature Strain of the Elements of Detachable Joints (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-04-04
    Description: Breakdown of air tightness due to a variation in load is possible in detachable airtight joints as the temperature of their constituent elements varies. Methods of assuring the constancy of the load independently of any variation in temperature for the flange connection and a stuffing box seal with soft stuffing and calculations of the parameters necessary to achieve this objective are presented.
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    Mechanized Welding of Copper Alloys with Low-Alloy Structural Steels (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2016-03-29
    Description: As a result of experimental research, regimes are determined for mechanized argon-arc welding of copper alloys MNZh5-5, L90, and BrAMts9-2 with steels AB2 and 20, providing preparation of high quality joints during manufacture of chemical and petrochemical engineering objects.
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    Heat Transfer of a Straight Flat Fin Surface Subjected to Low Temperature and Immersed in an Aqueous Medium with a Constant Temperature (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2016-03-29
    Description: An approximate analytical model is proposed to determine the thickness of the water ice layer on the surface of a straight flat fin as part of heat exchange equipment. This solution could be of interest for use in engineering calculations, in particular, in the design of water coolers, TNT evaporators, LNG gasifiers, etc.
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    Mathematical Model of Cooling by Supercharged Gas (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2016-03-29
    Description: A method is proposed to improve the robot-assisted radical prostatectomy procedure by using a cooling gas of a controlled temperature. To determine the optimal gas flow rate and temperature values, it is necessary to carry out sample calculations taking into account the particular features of the processes taking place. To solve this problem, a mathematical model for the conjugate problem of convective heat transfer in the operational area and adjacent tissues was developed. The model reflects the unsteady cavity boundaries relating to the placement of the surgical incision. The mathematical model can be implemented in a computer program, which permits optimization of the gas parameters to provide the most favorable surgery conditions for the patient.
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    Study of Features of the Change in Equipment Metal Properties Subject to Action of Hydrogen Sulfide-Containing Atmospheres (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2016-03-29
    Description: New methods are provided for appraising equipment based on selection of macro- and micro-samples of heavily loaded metal and in contact with a working atmosphere, and subsequent analysis of its properties from experimental data. Use of these approaches makes it possible to appraise equipment without subsequent refurbishment, and to accomplish monitoring in order to evaluate equipment life according to static strength and brittle failure resistance criteria.
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    Entropy Production and Exergy Loss During Mixing of Gases (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2016-03-29
    Description: Entropy and exergy analyses of losses during mixing of flows and volumes of gas are compared. It is shown that both methods give identical analytical expressions for an ideal gas. However, exergy analysis required more cumbersome mathematical transformations than entropy analysis in order to obtain a final result. An analysis of the expressions for determining the mixing losses always gives a positive result regardless of the temperature of the mixed flows or volumes. The final analytical expressions allow mixing losses to be determined. This is very important for thermodynamic analysis of low-temperature, especially cryogenic cycles.
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    Study of Convective Heat Transfer of Combustion Products of Fuels (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2016-03-29
    Description: Convective heat transfer after combustion of gaseous fuels, which are used in modern refinery tube furnaces, was investigated numerically. The influence of the fuel composition on convective heat transfer and the effect of substituting methane by other fuel types in furnaces designed to work on gas fuels were considered. It was shown that substitution of methane fuel by the other investigated gaseous fuels decreased the convective heat transfer in the furnace convective chamber. Convective heat transfer was influenced mainly by the fuel type.
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    Experience of Improving Rotor System Having Petal-Shaped Gas-Dynamic Bearings for Centrifugal Refrigeration Compressor (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2016-03-29
    Description: The results of tests and improving Freon centrifugal refrigeration compressor having gas-dynamic bearings and cooling power up to 350 kW are reported. The problems relating to rotor balancing, start-stop durability of rotor and bearings, rotor dynamics, and the results of compressor tests in air and Freon are elucidated. The compressor was tested with two types of bearings: without and with goffered tapes. The best results were obtained with the second type. The potential for use of gas-dynamic bearings in centrifugal refrigeration compressors is confirmed.
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    Simulation and Optimization of Amine Purification from Acidic Admixtures at Natural Gas Liquefaction Plants (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2016-03-29
    Description: The capabilities of the Amines software module in the Aspen HYSYS software suite to simulate units for amine purification from acidic admixtures at natural gas plants are examined. A typical low-capacity natural gas liquefaction plant is used as an example to show that this software module can not only simulate but also optimize the design processing parameters of amine purification units.
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    Energy-Saving Multistage Filling of Adsorption Natural Gas Storage System (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2016-03-29
    Description: A theoretical analysis of multistage (cascade) method of filling adsorption methane storage systems is made from the energy saving standpoint. It is demonstrated that multistage filling saves energy for gas compression substantially. The beneficial effect is much less if the compressed gas is filled in a cylinder without an adsorbent. The influence of the number of filling stages and the theoretical maximum of idealized filling with gradual elevation of compressor delivery pressure as the limiting case of multistage filling with an infinite number of stages are shown. The rated minimum energy consumption is 12% of the energy consumed for filling compressed gas in a system containing no adsorbent.
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    The Economics of Cryosorption Pumping. The Practice of Using a Cryosorption Pump in an Industrial Pumping System (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2016-03-29
    Description: It is shown that in the case of well-developed infrastructure for the use of liquid nitrogen the usage of nitrogen cryosorption pumps (NCP) is significantly more economical compared to the pumping means associated with the use of mechanical and steam jet pumps. The results of preliminary tests of the experimental sample NCP as part of a vacuum unit at the NPO Geliymash confirm the prospects of using NCPs in serial production of cryogenic vessels.
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  • 77
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    Experience and Outlook for the Development of a Technology for Generation of the Profile of the Meshed Links of a Global Gear Pair by Rotational Turning (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2016-03-30
    Description: A technique and results of mathematical modeling and numerical and physical experiments involving the generation of the profile of the helical surface of a concave worm by rotational turning of a multiblade tool with involute profile of the cutting element are presented. The efficiency of the production equipment used is improved and an increase in the performance of the process achieved.
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    Microcryogenic Gas Machines in Strategic Satellite Navigation, Surveillance, and Communications Systems (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2016-03-30
    Description: The creation of advanced photodetectors as a single integrated electronic device is discussed. The main characteristics of low-capacity (0.5 W at ~77 K) Stirling microcryogenic gas refrigerating machines (MCGRM) produced by leading foreign and domestic manufacturers are presented. The use of Stirling MCGRM in cooling systems of satellite navigation and surveillance photodetectors is justified.
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  • 79
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    Capacity and Thermodynamic Nomograph for an Adsorption Methane Storage System (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2016-03-31
    Description: General equations for calculation of the capacity and thermodynamic properties of adsorption methane storage systems were written. Experimental results for methane adsorption on AU-1 adsorbent were analyzed and plotted in the nomograph of capacity and thermodynamic properties of the adsorbent–adsorbate–gas adsorption system. Methods for graphical calculation of the processes occurring in the system were presented.
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    Analysis of Efficiency of Systems for Control of the Thermal Regime of Spacecraft (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2016-01-13
    Description: Problems and the outlook for the development of effective systems of controlling the thermal regimes of spacecraft are considered. The process of creating and using the apparatus of mathematical modeling for the purpose of comparing the energy characteristics of different systems is described. The characteristics of forward and reverse working cycles of two-phase closed systems that control the thermal regimes are compared.
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  • 81
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    Modeling of Processes in Microcryogenic Gas Cooler (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2016-01-13
    Description: This work is devoted to modeling of operation of low-capacity (0.5 W at 77 K) Stirling microcryogenic gas cooler (MCGC). A mathematical model of the cooler, a system of equations, and methods of solution of the equations system are given. The results of computational study of the operating conditions of the cooler are furnished. The design modifications for realizing heat removal from the MCGC compressor chamber cover are analyzed and calculated.
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    Development of Methods of Optimal Design of High-Pressure Releasable Connections (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2016-01-13
    Description: The basic assumptions of a technique of optimal design of releasable hoop connections developed at Irkutsk-NIIkhimmash are considered. The technique is based on the use of the finite element method in combination with application methods of multidimensional optimization and makes it possible to design a hoop connection of minimal mass while simultaneously satisfying strength and air-tightness constraints. Through the use of the proposed technique and a computer program that is part of the COMPASS software system, we were able to introduce a number of releasable hood connections of standard sizes at the Chemical Plant of Angarsk Petrochemical Company of Rosneft as well as optimize the costs of maintenance and repair of the high-pressure equipment and reduce the rate of industrial accidents occurring in the course of repair operations.
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    Optimization of Design and Operational Parameters of Adsorbers for Purification of Neon-Helium Mixture (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2016-01-13
    Description: The analysis of options for arranging an adsorber composed of several sections is given. The formulas for calculating the geometric parameters of individual adsorber elements were obtained for a specified diameter of the cooling nitrogen bath. The expenditure of refrigerant and energy required to regenerate the sorbent were defined for several constructional variants. The operating costs for a single adsorber cycle were calculated. The optimum regeneration temperature was determined at which the cost of purifying the mixture is minimal.
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    A Mathematical Model of the Life of the Metal in Process Equipment, Pipelines, and Their Structural Elements (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2016-01-13
    Description: A physico-mathematical model for use in determining the life of the metal of the working elements of process equipment and pipelines as a function of the gaseohydrodynamic parameters of the media travelling in the equipment, the basic mechanical and geometric parameters of these elements, and the rate of corrosion of the metal, i.e., the degree of chemical corrosiveness of the medium, and the rate of ageing of the metal, is proposed.
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    Relationship Between Impact Strength and Stress Intensity Factor K 1c for Steels Used in Manufacturing Petrochemical Equipment (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2016-01-13
    Description: The dependence of fracture toughness (stress intensity factor K 1c ) for steels on their mechanical properties (yield strength and impact energy) taking account of the effect of temperature is considered. The nature of change in K 1c in the temperature range +20 to –40°C is demonstrated on the example of three steels.
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    Development of Equipment Modules for Flexible Technology of High-Purity Inorganic Acids (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2016-01-13
    Description: As a result of the conducted investigations of equipment and technology, it has been shown that the application of flexible production systems on the basis of standard equipment modules is promising for obtaining a range of high-purity reagent-quality inorganic acids. Specialized equipment included in the equipment modules is considered for the achievement of the required quality of production.
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    Comprehensive Assessment of Wastewater Quality in the Production of Cephalexin Monohydrate (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2016-01-13
    Description: Wastewater from different stages and the average runoff in the production of cephalexin monohydrate were investigated. Comprehensive assessment of wastewater quality was proposed based on the definition of integral indicators of quality, which allows for the choice of treatment method at various stages of production and for reducing the anthropogenic load on the hydrosphere.
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    Preparation of Reactoplastic Nanomodified Polymer Composites. Part 2. Analysis of Means of Forming Nanocomposites (Patent Review) (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2016-01-13
    Description: Effective technical means (methods and devices) designed to produce reactoplastic nanomodified polymer composites that provide increased strength and service life for structures based on them were analyzed. It was shown that technical means using low-frequency ultrasound cavitation were effective. This was due to the difficulty of providing a uniform distribution of nanoparticles in the oligomer because of the tendency of the added nanoparticles to attract each other and the resulting adhesion and aggregation.
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    Structure of Information Model of Steel Tanks (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2016-01-13
    Description: The structure and key elements of the information model of horizontal steel tanks and underground tanks, on which the development of intelligent CAD systems are based, are described. The initial model inputs: functions, operating conditions, and basic dimensions of the constructed objects. The result: apparatus design variants that satisfy the initial data and the restrictions of the normative documents. The key elements of the information model: register of elements, model of structure, model of parameters, model of element positioning in space, and model of technical specifications of the designed equipment. A distinctive feature of the proposed model is use of If…Then… type of production rules. The model is designed for use at the stages of structural and parametric synthesis, construction of a 3D model, and drawing up of technical specifications of the designed objects with minimal involvement of the designer.
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    New Concept for High-Throughput Turning of Polymers (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2016-01-13
    Description: A new concept of high-throughput turning of polymers was presented. The concept consisted of a combination of ordinary lathe treatment with simultaneous irradiation of the workpieces by nanosecond electromagnetic pulses. As a result, the material surface structure weakened, which was a prerequisite for increasing the cutting speed. The treatment method and a device for reducing it to practice were developed and protected by patents. Experimental data confirming the effectiveness of the proposed technical solutions were presented.
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    Analysis of the Possibility of Using Industrial Low-Temperature Fractionation for 3 He/ 4 He Separation (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2016-01-13
    Description: The possibility of using low-temperature fractionation for He isotope separation was examined. Data about precedents for creating laboratory units were presented. The possibility of using industrial fractionation to produce 3 He was evaluated. Methods for reducing operating costs for isotope fractionation were described.
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    Estimation of Some Admissible Deviations from Design Size and Location of Structural Elements of Quick-Release Fasteners of Natural Gas Cleaning Filter Separators (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2016-03-29
    Description: An estimation of admissible deviations of size and location of structural elements of quick-release fasteners of natural gas cleaning filter separators from the design is given. A generalized computational model for analyzing stress-strain state and strength of cheeks of securing unit of quick-release fasteners with deviations is substantiated. Stress-strain and strength analysis revealed insufficient strength margin of the cheeks in the most stressed section. A method is proposed for strengthening the cheeks without disassembling the securing unit, which ensures the required strength margin in this section.
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    Using the Direct and Reverse Rankine Cycles to Create a Water-Cooling Chiller Running on Waste Heat (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2016-03-30
    Description: This article presents the scheme for a Freon heat-recovery refrigeration unit developed on the basis of the forward and reverse Rankine cycle for cooling water. The arguments in favor of the possibility to create such small installations for cooling (5 kW at the temperature level of 5°C) are presented on the basis of turbomachinery (centripetal radial-axial turbines and centrifugal compressors). The calculated thermal coefficient for the installation is compared with the thermal coefficient of a single-stage absorption chiller running on an aqueous solution of lithium bromide.
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    On Modeling of the Blading Sections of Compressors with Dynamic Compression in Compression of Real Gases (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2016-03-30
    Description: Similitude criteria of compression processes of real gases in the stages of compressors with dynamic compression are presented. A technique of compiling the thermal and caloric equations of state for gas mixtures and a technique of processing test data obtained in gaseodynamic tests are proposed.
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    Comparative Analysis of Various Adsorbents for Low-Temperature Separation of a 20 Ne– 22 Ne Isotopic Mixture (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2016-03-30
    Description: A method to obtain analytical expressions for evaluation of adsorption isotherms of neon isotopes at cryogenic temperatures is proposed. Adsorption isotherms of 20 Ne and 22 Ne on BAU activated carbon at 77 K are evaluated. The results allow the degree of influence of the pressure and composition of the 20 Ne– 22 Ne isotopic mixture on the separation factor to be estimated.
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    Determining the Fin Efficiency of a Single Perforated Plate of a Matrix Heat Exchanger in a Two-Dimensional Temperture Field (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2016-03-30
    Description: Results from theoretical and experimental investigations of the two-dimensional temperature field of a perforated plate that functions as the basic element of a heat-transfer surface in a matrix heat exchanger are presented. Experimental visualization of the temperature field by means of liquid crystals confirms that the assumptions adopted in the theoretical investigation are correct.
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    Determining the Expected Effective Characteristics of a Refrigerating Machine (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2016-03-30
    Description: A new technique of creating a uniform designation of the points of the thermodynamic cycles of refrigerating machines in the state diagram of the cooling agent along with the computational equations of the parameters of the cycle are presented. The heat balances of the main and auxiliary devices of refrigerating machines are considered. A universal technique of determining the parameters of any thermodynamic cycle and a technique of determining the expected effective characteristics of refrigerating machines on the basis of the characteristics of the theoretical cycles are set forth. This makes it possible to perform a directed choice of designs and cycles for specified conditions.
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    An Entropy-Statistical Analysis of a Natural Gas Liquefaction Plant with External Nitrogen Cooling Cycle (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2016-04-04
    Description: An entropy-statistical analysis of a 7 tons/h capacity small-tonnage CNG plant functioning in a cycle with external nitrogen expansion cooling demonstrated a probable value of the magnitude of thermodynamic perfection of 33%. Application of a rational multi-stage scheme with pre-cooling and the use of a compressor with isothermal efficiency 0.65 and turbine expansion engine with adiabatic efficiency 0.835 are responsible for the decisive contribution to achieving an increase in efficiency.
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    State of Gas in a Piston Compressor at the Start of Compression (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Calculation formulas for estimating the influence of the state parameters of temperature, pressure, and moisture content on the operation of a piston compressor are obtained. It is shown that at the start of compression in a compressor temperature depends mainly on heating of the gas produced by the walls and its moisture content. The pressure at the start of compression depends on the speed of the piston and the moisture content of the gas. The principal factors responsible for a reduction of the feed rate and efficiency of the compressor are the increase in temperature and the decrease in pressure at the start of compression.〈/p〉
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    Method for Predicting and Calculating Friction Coefficients and Kinetic Characteristics for Electrodialysis Separation of Industrial Solutions Containing Nickel Ions (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉A method for predicting and calculating friction coefficients and kinetic characteristics for electrodialysis separation of industrial solutions containing nickel ions was developed. Approximations for predicting friction coefficients that could then be used to calculate kinetic characteristics for electrodialysis separation of industrial solutions were obtained using the developed method. The discrepancy between experimental and theoretically calculated data was estimated in most instances at ≤ 5%, indicating that the developed method was acceptable for use.〈/p〉
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