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  • 2015-2019  (4,201,716)
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  • 1
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Campagne, Philippine; Crosta, Xavier; Schmidt, Sabine; Houssais, Marie-Noëlle; Ther, Olivier; Massé, Guillaume (2016): Sedimentary response to sea ice and atmospheric variability over the instrumental period off Adélie Land, East Antarctica. Biogeosciences, 13(14), 4205-4218, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4205-2016
    Publication Date: 2024-04-29
    Description: Diatoms account for a large proportion of primary productivity in Antarctic coastal and continental shelf zones. Diatoms, which have been used for a long time to infer past sea surface conditions in the Southern Ocean, have recently been associated with diatom-specific biomarkers (highly branched isoprenoids, HBI). Our study is one of the few sedimentary research projects on diatom ecology and associated biomarkers in the Antarctic seasonal sea ice zone. To date, the Adélie Land region has received little attention, despite evidence for the presence of high accumulation of laminated sediment, allowing for finer climate reconstructions and sedimentary process studies. Here we provide a sequence of seasonally to annually laminated diatomaceous sediment from a 72.5 cm interface core retrieved on the continental shelf off Adélie Land, covering the 1970-2010 CE period. Investigations through statistical analyses of diatom communities, diatom-specific biomarkers and major element abundances document the relationships between these proxies at an unprecedented resolution. Additionally, comparison of sedimentary records to meteorological data monitored by automatic weather station and satellite derived sea ice concentrations help to refine the relationships between our proxies and environmental conditions over the last decades. Our results suggest a coupled interaction of the atmospheric and sea surface variability on sea ice seasonality, which acts as the proximal forcing of siliceous productivity at that scale.
    Keywords: Climate Change: Learning from the past climate; Past4Future
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 4 datasets
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  • 2
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Incarbona, Alessandro; Martrat, Belén; Mortyn, P Graham; Sprovieri, Mario; Ziveri, Patrizia; Gogou, Alexandra; Jordà, Gabriel; Xoplaki, Elena; Luterbacher, Jürg; Langone, Leonardo; Marino, Gianluca; Rodriguez-Sanz, Laura; Triantaphyllou, Maria; Di Stefano, Enrico; Grimalt, Joan O; Tranchida, Giorgio; Sprovieri, Rodolfo; Mazzola, Salvatore (2016): Mediterranean circulation perturbations over the last five centuries: Relevance to past Eastern Mediterranean Transient-type events. Scientific Reports, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep29623
    Publication Date: 2024-04-29
    Description: The Eastern Mediterranean Transient (EMT) occurred in the Aegean Sea from 1988 to 1995 and is the most significant intermediate-to-deep Mediterranean overturning perturbation reported by instrumental records. The EMT was likely caused by accumulation of high salinity waters in the Levantine and enhanced heat loss in the Aegean Sea, coupled with surface water freshening in the Sicily Channel. It is still unknown whether similar transients occurred in the past and, if so, what their forcing processes were. In this study, sediments from the Sicily Channel document surface water freshening (SCFR) at 1910±12, 1812±18, 1725±25 and 1580±30 CE. A regional ocean hindcast links SCFR to enhanced deep-water production and in turn to strengthened Mediterranean thermohaline circulation. Independent evidence collected in the Aegean Sea supports this reconstruction, showing that enhanced bottom water ventilation in the Eastern Mediterranean was associated with each SCFR event. Comparison between the records and multi-decadal atmospheric circulation patterns and climatic external forcings indicates that Mediterranean circulation destabilisation occurs during positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and negative Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) phases, reduced solar activity and strong tropical volcanic eruptions. They may have recurrently produced favourable deep-water formation conditions, both increasing salinity and reducing temperature on multi-decadal time scales.
    Keywords: Climate Change: Learning from the past climate; Mediterranean Sea Acidification in a Changing Climate; MedSeA; Past4Future
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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  • 3
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    In:  Supplement to: Kissel, Catherine; Van Toer, Aurélie; Laj, Carlo E; Cortijo, Elsa; Michel, Elisabeth (2013): Variations in the strength of the North Atlantic bottom water during Holocene. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 369-370, 248-259, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2013.03.042
    Publication Date: 2024-04-29
    Description: Magnetic properties coupled with sortable silt are investigated for Holocene marine sedimentary sequences located in the subpolar North Altantic, in the Charlie– Gibbs fracture zone (53°N) and in central (57°N) and southern Gardar drift (59°N). All the cores are located at water depths bathed by the Iceland–Scotland Overflow Water, mixed at the southernmost locality with southern sourced water masses. The goal of the multi-proxy study is the changes in the dynamics and the properties of bottom water mass during Holocene. After checking that the magnetic minerals is magnetite of uniform grain size, the low field magnetic susceptibility is used as a magnetic concentration parameter and as a tracer of the transport efficiency by the bottom current from the northern basaltic-derived source. The mean sortable silt size is used as a tracer of bottom current strength whatever the detrital source.
    Keywords: Climate Change: Learning from the past climate; Holocene; intensity bottom currents; magnetism; Past4Future; sortable silt
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 5 datasets
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  • 4
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Schröder, Ludwig; Richter, Andreas; Fedorov, Denis; Eberlein, Lutz; Brovkov, Evgeny; Popov, Sergey V; Knöfel, Christoph; Horwath, Martin; Dietrich, Reinhard; Matveev, Alexey Y; Scheinert, Mirko; Lukin, Valeriy V (2017): Validation of satellite altimetry by kinematic GNSS in central East Antarctica. The Cryosphere, 11, 1111-1130, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-1111-2017
    Publication Date: 2024-04-29
    Description: Satellite techniques allow a nearly global coverage of elevation data, even in polar regions. However, in situ observations are crucial to validate these measurements. This dataset contains 20 elevation profiles, observed by kinematic GNSS in central East Antarctica. They have been measured during scientific traverses of the Russian Antarctic Expedition between the Antarctic research stations Vostok, Progress and Mirny, spanning distances between 80 and 2900km each. The given elevations have been corrected for the height offset of the antenna above the snow surface and are thus surface elevation profiles refering to the WGS84 ellipsoid. For consistency with the measurements of satellite altimetry, they have been converted to the mean tidal system. For each epoch, estimates for the standard deviation are given, which are in the order of magnitude of 2 to 5 cm. Crossover analysis shows that independent profiles of the same season differ by slightly more (4 to 9 cm) as a consequence of vehicle dynamics while driving. Further details are given in the related article.
    Keywords: Central_East_Antarctica; East Antarctica; GNSS; GNSS Receiver
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 20 datasets
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  • 5
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: de Carvalho Campos, Marília; Chiessi, Cristiano Mazur; Prange, Matthias; Mulitza, Stefan; Kuhnert, Henning; Paul, André; Venancio, Igor Martins; Albuquerque, Ana Luiza Spadano; da Cruz Junior, Francisco William; Bahr, André (2019): A new mechanism for millennial scale positive precipitation anomalies over tropical South America. Quaternary Science Reviews, 225, 105990, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.105990
    Publication Date: 2024-04-29
    Description: Continental and marine paleoclimate archives from northwestern and northeastern South America recorded positive precipitation anomalies during Heinrich Stadials (HS). These anomalies have been classically attributed to enhanced austral summer (monsoon) precipitation. However, the lack of marine paleoclimate records off eastern South America as well as inconsistencies between southeastern South American continental and marine records hamper a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism responsible for (sub-) tropical South American hydroclimate response to HS. Here we investigate piston core M125-95-3 collected off eastern South America (10.94°S) and simulate South American HS conditions with a high-resolution version of an atmosphere-ocean general circulation model. Further, meridional changes in precipitation over (sub-) tropical South America were assessed with a thorough compilation of previously available marine paleorecords. Our ln(Ti/Ca) and ln(Fe/K) data show increases during HS6-Younger Dryas. It is the first core off eastern South America and the southernmost from the Atlantic continental margin of South America that unequivocally records HS-related positive precipitation anomalies. Based on our new data, model results and the compilation of available marine records, we propose a new mechanism for the positive precipitation anomalies over tropical South America during HS. The new mechanism involves austral summer precipitation increases only over eastern South America while the rest of tropical South America experienced precipitation increases during the winter, challenging the widely held assumption of a strengthened monsoon. South American precipitation changes were triggered by dynamic and thermodynamic processes including a stronger moisture supply from the equatorial North Atlantic (tropical South Atlantic) in austral winter (summer).
    Keywords: Age model; M125-95-3; off eastern South America; stable oxygen isotope; XRF data
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 3 datasets
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  • 6
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: de Carvalho Campos, Marília; Chiessi, Cristiano Mazur; Voigt, Ines; Piola, Alberto R; Kuhnert, Henning; Mulitza, Stefan (2017): d13C decreases in the upper western South Atlantic during Heinrich Stadials 3 and 2. Climate of the Past, 13, 345-358, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-345-2017
    Publication Date: 2024-04-29
    Description: Abrupt millennial-scale climate change events of the last deglaciation (i.e. Heinrich Stadial 1 and the Younger Dryas) were accompanied by marked increases in atmospheric CO2 (CO2atm) and decreases in its stable carbon isotopic ratios (d13C), i.e. d13CO2atm, presumably due to outgassing from the ocean. However, information on the preceding Heinrich Stadials during the last glacial period is scarce. Here we present d13C records from two species of planktonic foraminifera from the western South Atlantic that reveal major decreases (up to 1 per mil) during Heinrich Stadials 3 and 2. These d13C decreases are most likely related to millennialscale periods of weakening of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and the consequent increase (decrease) in CO2atm (d13CO2atm). We hypothesise two mechanisms that could account for the decreases observed in our records, namely strengthening of Southern Ocean deep-water ventilation and weakening of the biological pump. Additionally, we suggest that air?sea gas exchange could have contributed to the observed d13C decreases. Together with other lines of evidence, our data are consistent with the hypothesis that the CO2 added to the atmosphere during abrupt millennial-scale climate change events of the last glacial period also originated in the ocean and reached the atmosphere by outgassing. The temporal evolution of d13C during Heinrich Stadials 3 and 2 in our records is characterized by two relative minima separated by a relative maximum. This ?w structure? is also found in North Atlantic and South American records, further suggesting that such a structure is a pervasive feature of Heinrich Stadial 2 and, possibly, also Heinrich Stadial 3.
    Keywords: Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; GeoB; Geosciences, University of Bremen; MARUM
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 3 datasets
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  • 7
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Schumacher, Maike; King, Matt; Rougier, Jonathan C; Sha, Zhe; Khan, Shfaqat Abbas; Bamber, Jonathan L (2018): A new global GPS data set for testing and improving modelled GIA uplift rates. Geophysical Journal International, 214(3), 2164-2176, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggy235
    Publication Date: 2024-04-29
    Description: We have produced a global dataset of ~4000 GPS vertical velocities that can be used as observational estimates of glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) uplift rates. GIA is the response of the solid Earth to past ice loading, primarily, since the Last Glacial Maximum, about 20 K yrs BP. Modelling GIA is challenging because of large uncertainties in ice loading history and also the viscosity of the upper and lower mantle. GPS data contain the signature of GIA in their uplift rates but these also contain other sources of vertical land motion (VLM) such as tectonics, human and natural influences on water storage that can mask the underlying GIA signal. A novel fully-automatic strategy was developed to post-process the GPS time series and to correct for non-GIA artefacts. Before estimating vertical velocities and uncertainties, we detected outliers and jumps and corrected for atmospheric mass loading displacements. We corrected the resulting velocities for the elastic response of the solid Earth to global changes in ice sheets, glaciers, and ocean loading, as well as for changes in the Earth's rotational pole relative to the 20th century average. We then applied a spatial median filter to remove sites where local effects were dominant to leave approximately 4000 GPS sites. The resulting novel global GPS dataset shows a clean GIA signal at all post-processed stations and is suitable to investigate the behaviour of global GIA forward models. The results are transformed from a frame with its origin in the centre of mass of the total Earth's system (CM) into a frame with its origin in the centre of mass of the solid Earth (CE) before comparison with 13 global GIA forward model solutions, with best fits with Pur-6-VM5 and ICE-6G predictions. The largest discrepancies for all models were identified for Antarctica and Greenland, which may be due to either uncertain mantle rheology, ice loading history/magnitude and/or GPS errors.
    Keywords: LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Station label; Velocity, vertical; Velocity, vertical, standard deviation
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 12216 data points
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  • 8
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    In:  Supplement to: Capron, Emilie; Govin, Aline; Stone, Emma J; Masson-Delmotte, Valerie; Mulitza, Stefan; Otto-Bliesner, Bette L; Rasmussen, Tine Lander; Sime, Louise C; Waelbroeck, Claire; Wolff, Eric William (2014): Temporal and spatial structure of multi-millennial temperature changes at high latitudes during the Last Interglacial. Quaternary Science Reviews, 103, 116-133, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.08.018
    Publication Date: 2024-04-29
    Description: The Last Interglacial (LIG, 129-116 thousand of years BP, ka) represents a test bed for climate model feedbacks in warmer-than-present high latitude regions. However, mainly because aligning different palaeoclimatic archives and from different parts of the world is not trivial, a spatio-temporal picture of LIG temperature changes is difficult to obtain. Here, we have selected 47 polar ice core and sub-polar marine sediment records and developed a strategy to align them onto the recent AICC2012 ice core chronology. We provide the first compilation of high-latitude temperature changes across the LIG associated with a coherent temporal framework built between ice core and marine sediment records. Our new data synthesis highlights non-synchronous maximum temperature changes between the two hemispheres with the Southern Ocean and Antarctica records showing an early warming compared to North Atlantic records. We also observe warmer than present-day conditions that occur for a longer time period in southern high latitudes than in northern high latitudes. Finally, the amplitude of temperature changes at high northern latitudes is larger compared to high southern latitude temperature changes recorded at the onset and the demise of the LIG. We have also compiled four data-based time slices with temperature anomalies (compared to present-day conditions) at 115 ka, 120 ka, 125 ka and 130 ka and quantitatively estimated temperature uncertainties that include relative dating errors. This provides an improved benchmark for performing more robust model-data comparison. The surface temperature simulated by two General Circulation Models (CCSM3 and HadCM3) for 130 ka and 125 ka is compared to the corresponding time slice data synthesis. This comparison shows that the models predict warmer than present conditions earlier than documented in the North Atlantic, while neither model is able to produce the reconstructed early Southern Ocean and Antarctic warming. Our results highlight the importance of producing a sequence of time slices rather than one single time slice averaging the LIG climate conditions.
    Keywords: 104-644; 162-980; 177-1089; 177-1094; 20; 36C; 57-07; 71-19; 90-594; Age, comment; Agulhas Basin; Agulhas Ridge; Antarctica; ANT-IX/4; ANT-X/5; ANT-XI/2; APSARA2; APSARA4; Area/locality; ARK-II/5; Atlantic Ridge; BC; Box corer; CALYPSO; Calypso Corer; Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; CH69-K09; Charles Darwin; Chatham Rise; Climate Change: Learning from the past climate; Comment; COMPCORE; Composite Core; DF; Dome_Fuji; Dome C; Dome C, Antarctica; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; EDC; EDML; EDRILL; Eirik Drift; Elevation of event; ENAM33; EPICA-Campaigns; EPICA Dome C; EPICA drill; EPICA Dronning Maud Land, DML28C01_00; Event label; EW9302; EW9302-JPC2; EW9302-JPC8; Faroe Islands margin; GC; Giant piston corer (Calypso); GIK23243-1 PS05/431; GIK23414-9; Glomar Challenger; GPC-C; Gravity corer; Gravity corer (Kiel type); Greenland; Greenland Rise; Håkon Mosby; HM57; HM57-07; HM71; HM71-19/1; Ice_core_diverse; ICEDRILL; Ice drill; Iceland; IMAGES I; IMAGES III - IPHIS; IMAGES V; IMAGES XI - P.I.C.A.S.S.O.; Joides Resolution; JPC; Jumbo Piston Core; K708-001; KAL; KAL15; Kasten corer; Kasten corer 15 cm; Kerguelen Plateau; KL; Kohnen Station; Labrador Sea; Latitude of event; Leg104; Leg162; Leg177; Leg90; Le Suroît; Longitude of event; M17/2; M23414; Marion Dufresne (1972); Marion Dufresne (1995); MARUM; Maurice Ewing; MD02-2488; MD032664; MD03-2664; MD101; MD106; MD114; MD125; MD 125 / SWIFT BIS-CARHOT; MD132; MD38; MD84-551; MD88-769; MD88-770; MD94-101; MD94-102; MD952009; MD95-2009; MD952010; MD95-2010; MD952014; MD95-2014; MD972120; MD97-2120; MD972121; MD97-2121; MD99-2227; Meteor (1986); MUC; MultiCorer; NA87-25; NEAP; NEAP-18K; NEEM; Newfoundland margin; North Atlantic; Northeast Atlantic; Norwegian Sea; PALEOCINAT; Past4Future; PC; Piston corer; Piston corer (BGR type); Polarstern; PS05; PS1243-1; PS18; PS18/238; PS18/260; PS2082-3; PS2102-2; PS22/769; PS22 06AQANTX_5; PS2276-4; PS2489-2; PS28; PS28/256; Reference of data; Sampling/drilling ice; SL; SO136; SO136_111GC-12; Sonne; South Atlantic Ocean; Southern Ocean; South Indian Ocean; South Pacific; South Pacific/CONT RISE; SU90-03; SU90-08; SU90-39; SU90-44; TASQWA; Temperature, air; Temperature, difference; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, interpolated; Temperature anomaly; Temperature anomaly, standard error; Type; Uncertainty; V30; V30-97; Vema; Voring Plateau; Vostok
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 974 data points
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2024-04-29
    Keywords: Age; AGE; Age, standard deviation; ANSIC-03; ANSIC-03_342; Calculated from Mg/Ca ratios; Calculated from UK'37 (Müller et al, 1998); Climate Change: Learning from the past climate; DEPTH, sediment/rock; GC; Globigerinoides ruber, δ18O; Gravity corer; Ion-exchange-chromatography; Lead-210; Lead-210 excess; Mass spectrometry; Mediterranean Sea Acidification in a Changing Climate; MedSeA; n-hexacosan-1-ol/(n-hexacosan-1-ol + n-nonacosane) ratio; Past4Future; Sea surface temperature, annual mean; St342; Strait of Sicilia; Urania; Uvigerina sp., δ18O
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 200 data points
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2024-04-29
    Keywords: Accuracy; Across track overlap; Airborne laser scan; Angle; Coordinate reference system; DATE/TIME; File name; Funding; Gear; HEF; HEIGHT above ground; Hintereisferner; Hintereisferner, Ötztaler Alpen, Austria; Sample rate; Shoot density; Uniform resource locator/link to file
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 213 data points
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