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  • 2020-2024  (164,641)
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  • 1
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    Threats at home? Assessing the potential ecological impacts and risks of commonly traded pet fishes (2022)
    Pensoft Publ.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Invasive alien species (IAS) are major drivers of global biodiversity loss, and the poorly regulated international pet trade is a source of emerging and future invaders. Predictions of the likely ecological impacts and risks of such IAS have been significantly enhanced in recent years with new metrics, which require application to many more actual and potential IAS. Hence, this study assesses the potential ecological impacts and risks of two readily available pet trade species: goldfish, Carassius auratus, a species with nonnative populations worldwide; and white cloud mountain minnow, Tanichthys albonubes, a species with a limited invasion history to date. First, we compared the per capita feeding rates of these non-native species with two European trophically analogous natives - the stone loach, Barbatula barbatula, and the common minnow, Phoxinus phoxinus - using the Comparative Functional Response method. Second, we used foraging experiments in conspecific pairs to determine synergistic, neutral or antagonistic intraspecific interactions. Third, we performed novel object experiments using the two pet trade species to assess boldness, a known "dispersal enhancing trait". Goldfish had the highest maximum feeding rates of the four species, while white cloud mountain minnows had the lowest. Neutral interactions were observed for all four species in the paired foraging experiments, with goldfish having the highest consumption and white cloud mountain minnows having the lowest. Goldfish demonstrated greater boldness, being more active during the experimental trials and more likely to approach a novel object than white cloud mountain minnows. Further, combining maximum feeding rates, boldness and species availabilities from our survey of pet shops, we assessed the relative invasion risks (RIR) of the two non-natives. This highlighted goldfish as the higher risk and most worthy of management prioritisation, mirroring its more extensive invasion history. We propose that such metrics have potential to direct future IAS policy decisions and management towards the ever-increasing rates of biological invasions worldwide.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 2
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    The rise of the Functional Response in invasion science: a systematic review (2023)
    Pensoft
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Predicting which non-native species will negatively impact biodiversity is a longstanding research priority. The Functional Response (FR; resource use in relation to availability) is a classical ecological concept that has been increasingly applied to quantify, assess and compare ecological impacts of non-native species. Despite this recent growth, an overview of applications and knowledge gaps across relevant contexts is currently lacking. We conducted a systematic review using a combination of terms regarding FR and invasion science to synthesise scientific studies that apply the FR approach in the field and to suggest new areas where it could have valuable applications. Trends of publications using FR in invasion science and publications about FR in general were compared through the Activity Index. Data were extracted from papers to reveal temporal, bibliographic, and geographic trends, patterns in study attributes such as type of interaction and habitat investigated, taxonomic groups used, and context-dependencies assessed. In total, 120 papers were included in the review. We identified substantial unevenness in the reporting of FRs in invasion science, despite a rapidly growing number of studies. To date, research has been geographically skewed towards North America and Europe, as well as towards predator-prey interactions in freshwater habitats. Most studies have focused on a few species of invertebrates and fishes. Species origin, life stage, environmental temperature and habitat complexity were the most frequently considered context-dependencies. We conclude that while the FR approach has thus far been narrowly applied, it has broad potential application in invasion science and can be used to test major hypotheses in this research field. © Larissa Faria et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 3
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    New developments in the analysis of catch time series as the basis for fish stock assessments: The CMSY++ method (2023)
    Pensoft
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-01
    Description: Following an introduction to the nature of fisheries catches and their information content, a new development of CMSY, a data-limited stock assessment method for fishes and invertebrates, is presented. This new version, CMSY++, overcomes several of the deficiencies of CMSY, which itself improved upon the “Catch-MSY” method published by S. Martell and R. Froese in 2013. The catch-only application of CMSY++ uses a Bayesian implementation of a modified Schaefer model, which also allows the fitting of abundance indices should such information be available. In the absence of historical catch time series and abundance indices, CMSY++ depends strongly on the provision of appropriate and informative priors for plausible ranges of initial and final stock depletion. An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) now assists in selecting objective priors for relative stock size based on patterns in 400 catch time series used for training. Regarding the cross-validation of the ANN predictions, of the 400 real stocks used in the training of ANN, 94% of final relative biomass (B/k) Bayesian (BSM) estimates were within the approximate 95% confidence limits of the respective CMSY++ estimate. Also, the equilibrium catch-biomass relations of the modified Schaefer model are compared with those of alternative surplus-production and age-structured models, suggesting that the latter two can be strongly biased towards underestimating the biomass required to sustain catches at low abundance. Numerous independent applications demonstrate how CMSY++ can incorporate, in addition to the required catch time series, both abundance data and a wide variety of ancillary information. We stress, however, the caveats and pitfalls of naively using the built-in prior options, which should instead be evaluated case-by-case and ideally be replaced by independent prior knowledge.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 4
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    More than we bargained for: Zebra mussels transported amongst European native freshwater snails (2023)
    Pensoft
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: The international pet trade is a major driver of non-native species spread, including species both sold in the trade, and organisms incidentally transported alongside. Here, we document the discovery of invasive zebra mussels, Dreissena polymorpha, in Germany, transported alongside a commonly traded garden pond snail and European native, Viviparus viviparus, ordered from a German pet website. We highlight that the trade poses yet another way in which zebra mussels and other invasive species can expand their invaded range into novel ecosystems. We call for stricter biosecurity enforcement towards sellers, and encourage raising awareness amongst customers to inhibit the further spread of invasive species through the pet trade.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 5
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    Illustrated key to the European genera of Opiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), with the description of two new Palaearctic genera and two new species (2023)
    Pensoft Publishers
    In:  ZooKeys vol. 1176, pp. 79-115
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-23
    Description: An illustrated key to the European genera of the subfamily Opiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) is presented and two new genera are described and illustrated: Cavopius gen. nov. (type species: Opius (Agnopius) daghoides Zaykov & Fischer, 1983) from West and East Palaearctic regions and Pseudosteres gen. nov. (type species: Biosteres adanaensis Fischer & Beyarslan, 2005) from West Palaearctic region. Two new species are described and illustrated: Cephaloplites gijswijti sp. nov. from Greece and Cavopius depressorius sp. nov. from S. Korea. Opius (Hypocynodus) kilisanus Fischer & Beyarslan, 2005 is a new synonym of Cephaloplites mocsaryi Szépligeti, 1897. The following new combinations are proposed: Cavopius daghestanicus (Telenga, 1950), comb. nov., C. daghoides (Zaykov & Fischer, 1983), comb. nov., Pseudosteres adanaensis (Fischer & Beyarslan, 2005), comb. nov., P. arenaceus (Jakimavičius, 1986), comb. nov., P. christenseni (Papp, 1982), comb. nov., P. pseudarenaceus (Fischer & Beyarslan, 2005), comb. nov., and P. riphaeus (Tobias, 1986), comb. nov. Keys to species are provided for Cavopius gen. nov., Cephaloplites Szépligeti, 1897, and Pseudosteres gen. nov.
    Keywords: Bulgaria ; Cavopius ; Greece ; Korea ; new combination ; new genus ; new ; synonym ; Pseudosteres ; Turkey
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 6
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    Guide pratique des plantations d'arbres des forêts denses humides d'Afrique (2022)
    Uliège Library | Presses agronomiques de Gembloux (Liege University)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: In Africa, tree plantations are likely to be developed for several reasons: restoration of production capacities and services provided by natural forests, enhancement of agroforestry lands, easier harvesting of wood and non-wood forest products, etc. As exotic species only provide specific services, it is important to revitalize the planting of local species. This is the purpose of this guide, which focuses on species of dense rainforests, capitalizing on the results of past and recent trials in six African countries, and on the This is the purpose of this guide, which focuses on species of dense rainforests, capitalizing on the results of past and recent trials in six African countries, and mobilizing individual skills and knowledge. The book provides a practical approach to the various stages of a silvicultural program: seed collection and management, nursery construction and management, and plantation installation and management. An estimate of the costs and profitability of such plantations is also provided. Finally, the book describes in detail the silvicultural itinerary of 50 tree species of the African rainforests. This guide is intended for a wide audience: managers, forestry technicians and engineers, students and scientists interested in tropical silviculture.
    Keywords: Forestry ; African rainforests ; Agroforestry ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVQ Tropical agriculture ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVR Forestry and silviculture
    Language: French
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    E-BOOK
  • 7
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    Estimating somatic growth of fishes from maximum age or maturity (2022)
    Pensoft Publ.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Growth in body size is a key life-history trait that has coevolved and is interlinked with maturation, maximum age, mortality, generation time, and the intrinsic rate of population growth. Growth parameters are therefore required inputs in the majority of assessment models used in conservation or fisheries management. However, because of the difficulties involved in the proper aging of individuals, growth parameters are unknown for the vast majority of species. Here, two new data-limited methods are presented to estimate somatic growth from maximum length combined with either length or age at maturation or with maximum age. A comparison with existing growth parameters of fishes (Actinopterygii and Elasmobranchii) shows that the estimates of the new methods fall within the range of established methods. The new methods apply to species with indeterminate growth, such as fishes or invertebrates, and were used here to produce the first growth parameter estimates for 110 species of fishes.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 8
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    Dyscritulus europaeus sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Aphidiinae): description of a new aphid parasitoid species with an identification key for species of the genus (2023)
    Pensoft Publishers
    In:  ZooKeys vol. 1175, pp. 285-297
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: The braconid genus Dyscritulus Hincks is a small member of the subfamily Aphidiinae, distributed in Europe and Central Asia. All its species are highly specialized parasitoids of aphids of the genera Drepanosiphum Koch and, probably, Periphyllus van der Hoeven which are mostly associated with maple and sycamore trees (genus Acer). Upon examination of specimens from the Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, we unexpectedly noted unusual variability in morphological characters compared to other known Dyscritulus species. Further inspection of other material previously identified as Dyscritulus planiceps Marshall, 1896 revealed additional specimens with the same morphological variability. Here we describe a new species of the genus, Dyscritulus europaeus sp. nov., associated with Drepanosiphum aphids on Acer.
    Keywords: Aphid parasitoids ; Europe ; museum collections ; new species ; taxonomy
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 9
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    Current temperatures limit the potential impact of a commonly traded predatory gastropod (2023)
    INVASIVESNET
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: The pet trade has facilitated the spread of invasive alien species (IAS) globally, with negative consequences for biodiversity. The prediction of impacts is a major goal for invasion ecologists, and is especially crucial in an industry often lacking knowledge about traded species. We focused on the predatory gastropod Anentome helena, a species originating in south-east Asia and traded around the world, but with taxonomic uncertainty. We first set out to determine where our study organism fell within the A. "helena" species complex, known to comprise at least four cryptic species, before assessing the effect of temperature on the number of prey, the pulmonate snail Physella acuta, killed per predator via functional response experiments at two temperatures. We used 22 degrees C as a recommended temperature for housing the species in captivity, and 18 degrees C as a representative summer lake temperature in temperate climates of Europe. We also assessed the role of predator group size (1x, 2x, 3x) on predation (total consumption and average per capita consumption) at the experimental temperatures with fixed densities of prey, as well as the effect of these temperatures on prey activity. Our organisms belonged to a cryptic species originating from Thailand (Anentome sp. A), matching the findings of aquarium trade samples in other continents. In the functional response experiments, we found maximum feeding rate to be significantly reduced at the lower temperature. A similar result ensued from group feeding, with total consumption significantly reduced and the reduction in average per capita consumption approaching significance at the lower temperature. There was no significant effect of group size on the average per capita consumption in the group trial, indicating neutral conspecific interactions. No significant effect of temperature on the activity of the prey species was found, suggesting decreased consumption was mainly driven by predator, rather than prey. These results suggest limited A. helena impacts in the short-term, but increasing temperatures with climate change may facilitate greater consequences from releases. We suggest future studies assess other potential predatory impacts and survival across relevant abiotic conditions, and encourage the use of similar methods to assess the impacts of other commonly traded species.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 10
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    An unexpected new species of Anachrysis Krombein, 1986 (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae, Amiseginae) from the Arabian Peninsula (2023)
    Pensoft Publishers
    In:  Journal of Hymenoptera Research vol. 96, pp. 835-846
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-22
    Description: Anachrysis arabica sp. nov., a new chrysidid species from Saudi Arabia and Yemen, is described and illustrated. The new species represents the first record of the subfamily Amiseginae in the Arabian Peninsula. A key to species of the genus is provided. The phylogenetic position of Anachrysis within the subfamily is briefly discussed.
    Keywords: Afrotropics ; description ; key ; Saudi Arabia ; Yemen
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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