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  • Chemistry  (946)
  • 2020-2022  (946)
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  • 1
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    Preliminary chemical and physical evaluation of some formulated feeds for P. monodon (2021)
    In:  aqdchief@seafdec.org.ph | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/18588 | 17342 | 2015-11-09 16:11:44 | 18588 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Aquaculture Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-09-24
    Description: The culture of Penaeus monodon has explicitly defined the need for diet formulations or supplementary feeds that would promote optimum growth and survival of the animal. A total of 28 feed combinations were developed for P. monodon. Fish meal, shrimp head meal, squid head meal, Ascetes spp. rice bran, and soybean cake were used as primary ingredients in these feeds. The commercial vitamin mix No. 22 was added to the dry ingredients. Gelatinized corn starch and wheat flour were used as binders. The pellets were extruded using a portable kitchen grinder with a diameter of 4 mm. The products were either sun-dried for 8 hours or oven-dried overnight at 50 degree C to stabilize moisture at 8-10%. The pellets were then kept in covered glass bottles and stored in the laboratory at room temperature. The cost of the feeds excluding labour were also computed. The pellets were analyzed for protein, fat, carbohydrate, crude fiber, ash, and moisture contents using standard procedures. They were also analyzed for water stability. To test the stability of pellets in water, 2-g samples were placed in plankton nets (mesh #40) and suspended in water for two, and six hours. The undissolved samples were then vacuum-dried and the moisture determined. Cost of the feeds ranged from P1.10 to P2.60 per kg depending on the feed ingredient. Squid and Ascetes spp. were rather expensive for use as basic ingredients. Proximate analysis of dry weight showed percentage protein content ranged from 20-63 g; fat, 8-20 g; carbohydrate (by difference), 11-36 g; ash, 8-28 g; moisture, 6-11 g; and crude fiber, 5 . 13 g. Stability tests showed that after two hours, 35-88% of solids remained intact and after 6 hours, 20-55% of the pellets remained undissolved. When a pellet disintegrates easily, pollution of the water occurs. Chances for the shrimp to feed on the pellet is minimized when the pellet is unstable. Thus, the search for a more compact feed pellet has to be continued.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Chemistry ; Feed composition ; Crustacean culture ; Penaeus monodon
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 29-31
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  • 2
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    Determination of physical properties of meat: Determination of moisture (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26800 | 23782 | 2019-11-12 05:12:12 | 26800 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-09-24
    Description: Presented in the paper is the standard procedure in the determination of moisture in meat. Specifically, the procedures in the sample preparation, instruments required, and the analytical procedures and calculations for each method.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Chemical analysis ; Microbiological analysis ; Fishery products ; Processed fishery products ; Fish inspection ; Fishery industry ; Food additives ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; Water content
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: A-1.1-A-1.3
    Format: 3
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  • 3
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    Analysis of oils: Determination of total lipid content (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26828 | 23782 | 2019-11-19 01:05:17 | 26828 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-09-24
    Description: The paper provides the methodology in the determination of total lipid content of fresh fish without the destruction of the lipid extract. Information on the apparatus needed is presented. Detailed procedures and calculations in the determination of lipid content are provided.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Chemical analysis ; Fishery products ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; Lipids
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: C-3.1
    Format: 1
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  • 4
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    Analysis of oils: Determination of acid value (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26831 | 23782 | 2019-11-19 01:00:44 | 26831 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-09-24
    Description: Acid value is a measure of the extent to which the glyceride in the oil has been hydrolysed by lipase action. The paper provides the methodology in the determination of acid value. The apparatus and reagents needed are presented. Detailed procedures in determination of acid value are provided.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Chemical analysis ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; Lipids
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: C-5.1-C-5.2
    Format: 2
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  • 5
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    Analysis of oils: Determination of peroxide value (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26834 | 23782 | 2019-11-19 00:50:15 | 26834 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-09-24
    Description: Peroxide value is the reactive oxygen contents expressed in terms of milliequivalents (meq) of free iodine per kilogram of fat. It is determined by titrating iodine liberated from potassium iodide with sodium thiosulphate solution. The paper provides the methodology in the determination of peroxide value. The apparatus and reagents needed are presented. Detailed procedures and calculations are also provided.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Chemical analysis ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; Fish oils ; Oxidation
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: C-7.1-C-7.3
    Format: 3
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  • 6
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    Analysis of oils: Determination of phospholipid content (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26830 | 23782 | 2019-11-19 01:03:17 | 26830 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-09-24
    Description: The paper provides the methodology in the determination of phospholipid content of fish. The apparatus and reagents needed are presented. Detailed procedures in determination of phospolipid content are provided.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Chemical analysis ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; Lipids
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: C-4.1-C-4.2
    Format: 2
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  • 7
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    Analysis of oils: Determination of saponification value (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26833 | 23782 | 2019-11-19 00:53:06 | 26833 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-09-24
    Description: Saponification value is the hydrolysis of esters. The paper provides the methodology in determination of saponification value of oil. Instructions on sample preparation and the apparatus and reagents needed are presented. Detailed procedures and calculations are provided.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Chemical analysis ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; Fish oils ; Lipids ; Fats
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: C-6.1-C-6.2
    Format: 2
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  • 8
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    Estimation of Nutrient Load from Aquaculture Farms in Manila Bay, Philippines (2021)
    In:  ulyssesmontojo@gmail.com | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/27090 | 25026 | 2020-08-21 04:28:09 | 27090 | National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Philippines
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Waste from aquaculture is considered as one of the possible causes of water quality deterioration in Manila Bay. Aquaculture in the area accounts for almost 30% of the total production in the Philippines. This high production entails intensified application of inputs that could possibly contribute to the nutrient (nitrogen, N and phosphorus, P) load in the bay. Thus, estimation of the N, P and SO4 loaded from aquaculture farms is necessary to develop more responsive intervention to reduce nutrient load in Manila Bay. Water samples were collected throughout the rearing period from different aquaculture systems in Cavite, Bulacan, Pampanga, and Bataan. The annual estimated N and P loaded from aquaculture farms were 12, 696.66 MT and 2, 363.01 MT, respectively. Fish pens/cages recorded the highest contribution accounting for 88% N and 86% P of the total load. It can be attributed to the direct release of uneaten feeds into the bodies of water. Roughly, 12% N and 14% P were obtained from the fishponds. Furthermore, the annual SO4 loaded from fishponds was estimated at 36,917.54 MT. Results of the study suggested that there should be an extensive monitoring of the environmental impacts and annual load of aquaculture farms for the sustainable regulations and management of aquaculture activities to reduce nutrient load and improve the aquaculture production as well. Finally, strict compliance to the regulatory guidelines and ordinances must be imposed to achieve the effluent quality standards.
    Description: Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Chemistry ; Ecology ; Environment ; Pollution ; fishponds ; fish pens/cages ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; nutrient load
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 30-39
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  • 9
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    Ciguatera in the Philippines: Examining Reef Fish Vectors and Its Causative Benthic Dinoflagellates in Visayan and Sibuyan Seas (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/27089 | 25026 | 2020-08-06 00:54:51 | 27089 | National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Philippines
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP) is primarily caused by ingesting reef fishes contaminated with ciguatoxins (CTX) produced by the Gambierdiscus species. The unpredictability of this type of food poisoning poses risks to public health and adversely affecting the fish trade industry. This study aimed to provide useful information on ciguatera in the Philippines. Different reef fish species and host-macroalgae for benthic dinoflagellates were collected in Visayan and Sibuyan Seas. Ciguatoxins were extracted from reef fish samples, and toxicity was determined qualitatively using mouse bioassay. Meanwhile, cell density estimation of toxic benthic dinoflagellates isolated from the host-macroalgae was done through microscopy. It was observed that 4.46% of the total reef fish samples were positive with ciguatoxins. Spatially, Carles, Iloilo in Visayan sea had the highest number of toxic specimens belonging to Epinephelus merra, Lethrinus lentjan, Lutjanus campechanus, Scarus quoyi, Siganus guttatus, and Sphyraena barracuda. Based on data gathered from three sampling sites, fish toxin occurrence is observed to be site-specific. Geographical conditions affect the frequency of toxic samples. Moreover, fish weight is not a good predictor of fish toxicity. For toxic benthic dinoflagellates, Gambierdiscus spp. were observed to have the lowest cell density count among other dinoflagellates averaging 7-115 cells per 100 g macroalgae. On the other hand, Ostreopsis spp. had the highest average cell density of 118-1,455 cells per 100 g macroalgae, followed by Prorocentrum spp. (207-594 cells per 100 g macroalgae). Fish toxicity is directly proportional to the occurrence of benthic dinoflagellates in areas as seen during dry season. Monitoring and management of CFP on identified reef fish vectors and its causative benthic dinoflagellates in the area are necessary to promote food safety and fair trade practice.
    Description: National Fisheries Research and Development Institute
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Ecology ; Fisheries ; Health ; Ciguatoxin ; Gambierdiscus ; toxic reef fish ; Visayan sea ; Sibuyan sea
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 19-29
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  • 10
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    Extraction and evaluation of gelatin from yellow fin tuna (Thunnus albacares) skin and prospect as an alternative to mammalian gelatin (2021)
    Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26150 | 18721 | 2019-02-06 07:10:37 | 26150 | Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: One of the mainly valuable consumed colloid proteinmaterials in pharmaceutics, medical and food industries is Gelatin. Fish gelatin near warm water is similar mammal gelatin. Due to the amount of catch of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) use in factory. Fish skin is peel off and wasted in factory every day. Analysis factors were extracted alkaline method gelatin from skin, physiochemical and rheological test (amino acid composition (HPLC), electrophoreses, fourier transform infrared, moisture content, pH, setting point , setting time, melting point and melting time, color and gelatin yield) with access method of National Iran Standard. Prepared gelatin nanoparticles from gelatin with desolvation method. Determination of particles size, size distribution, zeta potential for characterize the surface and morphology. Antibacterial assay with disc diffusion method and determined MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) and MBC(minimum bactericidal concentration) for Esherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. For nanoparticles gelatin antibacterial assay (MIC and MBC) turbidimetry. Statistical processing were linear regression and modeling and forecasting regression. Albeit antibacterial compared gelatin and gelatin nanoparticles.It produced 0.034g gelatin for one gram of yellowfin tuna. Yellowfin tuna had higher gelatin content (Proline and Hydroxyproline) than mammalian gelatin content. SDS-electrophoresis for yellow fin gelatin showed protein band (α, β, γ) same as mammalian protein band. Fourier transform infrared had the same spectra for both of them. Factors were pH (6.1), Moisture (8.5%) Setting temperature and time respectively 4(°C) and 60(s) and Melting temperature and time respectively were 50(°C) and 45(s). The color was transparent. The mean size of the gelatin nanoparticles was 132 nm and PI (polydispersity) and zeta potential were respectively 0.248, -31 MV. pH, speed of addition of acetone, percent of glutaraldehyde depends on size of nanoparticles gelatin. (Statistically significant was P〈0.05). Gelatin nanoparticles had antibacterial in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus while gelatin had antibacterial Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Nanoparticle gelatin had higher MIC and MBC than gelatin. Statistically significant was P〈0.05. Antibacterial assay for gelatin particles has evaluated for foodstuffs packing and it may use drug delivery. This kind of gelatin is lawand similar mammalian gelatin. Antibacterial properties are more useful for usage in foodstuffs packing and may using drug delivery.
    Description: PhD
    Description: Advisers: Jamili,Sh.;Rezayat, M.; counsellors:Kaymaram, F.; Atta, H.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Rheological ; Yellow fin tuna ; Fourier transform infrared ; Proline ; Hydroxyproline ; Fish ; Iran ; Thunnus albacares ; Esherichia coli ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Staphylococcus aureus
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: thesis
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 116
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