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  • somatic hybridization  (4)
  • transgenic plants  (3)
  • Springer  (7)
  • 1955-1959  (7)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protoplast technology for the breeding of top-fruit trees (Prunus, Pyrus, Malus, Rubus) and woody ornamentals (1955)
    Springer
    Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 287-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: protoplasts ; protoclonal variation ; somatic hybridization ; top-fruit trees ; woody ornamentals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Until recently, temperate fruit trees and woody ornamentals have been regarded as recalcitrant to biotechnological breeding approaches based on protoplasts. This however should no longer be the case, as procedures are now available, not only for the regeneration of complete plants from protoplasts of various tissues of such species, but also for the exploitation of protoplast technology for their genetic manipulation. This paper will examine the recent advances and state of the art in this domain, with particular attention to the use of protoplast technology as a novel tool in the breeding of rosaceous top-fruit tree species and woody ornamentals. Problems and their solutions within the context of regenerating plants from isolated protoplasts of stone (Prunus spp.), pome (Pyrus spp., Malus spp.) and small (Rubus spp.) fruits, and of several shrubby ornamental genotypes (Lonicera spp., Weigela spp., Forsythia spp., Cotoneaster spp.) will be addressed. Interspecific (Prunus spinosa + Prunus cerasifera) and intergeneric (Forsythia spp. + Syringa spp.) somatic hybridization within this group of species, as well as the use of protoplasts for host/pathogen interaction studies (Pyrus/Erwinia amylovora) will also be discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023958
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synergistic activity of chitinases and β-1,3-glucanases enhances fungal resistance in transgenic tomato plants (1955)
    Springer
    Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 173-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Lycopersicon esculentum ; tomato ; endochitinases ; β-1,3-endoglucanases ; fungal resistance ; transgenic plants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Simultaneous expression of a tobacco class I chitinase and a class I β-1,3-glucanase gene in tomato resulted in increased fungal resistance, whereas transgenic tomato plants expressing either one of these genes were not protected against fungal infection. After infection with Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, a 36% to 58% reduction in disease severity was observed in resistant tomato lines. Two transgenic lines largely recovered from the initial infection by the time wild-type tomato plants had died. The overall results are consistent with the observation that class I chitinases and class I β-1,3-glucanases synergistically inhibit the growth of fungi in vitro and provide the first experimental support to the hypothesis that such synergy can contribute to enhanced fungal resistance in planta.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023946
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The potential of somatic hybridization in crop breeding (1955)
    Springer
    Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 217-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: crop improvement ; alien gene transfer ; progeny analysis ; somatic hybridization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In recent years, the rapid development of somatic cell genetics has made possible the transfer of alien genes over wide taxonomic distances by somatic hybridization. In this review, the potential of somatic hybridization in the breeding of crops within the Brassicaceae, Fabaceae, Poaceae and Solanaceae is discussed. It is evident from these studies that many hybrids, either symmetric or asymmetric, which are fertile have the potential to be used as a bridge between the alien species and the crop. Progeny analysis of some hybrid combinations also reveals intergenomic translocations which may lead to the introgression of the alien genes. Furthermore, fusion techniques enable the resynthesis of allopolyploid crops to increase their genetic variability and to restore ploidy level and heterozygosity after breeding at reduced ploidy level in polyploid crops.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023951
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The release of transgenic plants from containment, and the move towards their widespread use in agriculture (1955)
    Springer
    Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 425-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: consumer ; food ; genetic modification ; transgenic plants ; risk assessment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The use of transgenic plants in breeding makes it possible to utilise a wide variety of novel genes from unrelated plants, microbes and animals. Because of the diversity of genes that have now become available for modifying crop plants, it is agreed internationally that there should be a risk assessment before transgenic plants are grown outside the laboratory or glasshouse. Various aspects are considered in a risk assessment including any non-target effects of the transgene, changes in plant persistence and invasiveness, and the possibility of movement of the transgenes to wild populations by cross pollination. It is generally argued that the need for risk assessment and regulation should be determined by an analysis of certain products of transformation, rather than a risk assessment being required for all plants modified by the process of transformation. A possible consequence of considering the product only, however, could be that some of the products of conventional breeding may need to be assessed by the risk assessment procedures developed for transgenic plants. There are discussions with interest groups on the use of transgenic plants in the environment and in food products. It is likely that some form of labelling will be required for certain foods containing ethically-sensitive genes. There is little doubt that transgenic plants will make a significant contribution to agriculture in the coming decades. Developments in the patenting of genes, release regulations, food labelling, consumer reaction etc., will influence the rate of progress and should be considered in the strategic planning of plant breeding programmes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023976
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The integration of protoplast fusion-derived material into a potato breeding programme — a review of progress and problems (1955)
    Springer
    Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 451-455 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum ; somatic hybridization ; regeneration ; asymmetric fusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary This paper reviews investigations into the application of protoplast fusion to the genetic and agronomic improvement of potato. Fusion studies involving Solanum tuberosum are reviewed under the categories of: fusion with wild relatives, dihaploid fusion and asymmetric strategies. The selection and characterisation of putative somatic hybrid material is identified as a critical stage in the process and certain specific aspects of this technology are identified. Future prospects for the wider uptake and integration of these techniques into breeding programmes are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023979
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sexual and somatic hybridization in the genus Lactuca (1955)
    Springer
    Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 281-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Lactuca sativa ; Lactuca virosa ; Lactuca tatarica ; Lactuca perennis ; Iettuce ; sexual hybridization ; embryo rescue ; somatic hybridization ; protoplast fusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Various genes for disease resistance identified in wild Lactuca are difficult, even impossible to exploit in lettuce breeding, due to sexual incompatibility between L. sativa and wild Lactuca sp. We adapted two cellular biology techniques to overcome these interspecific barriers: in vitro embryo rescue and protoplast fusion. In vitro rescue of immature embryos was used successfully for sexual hybridization between L. sativa and L. virosa. Vigorous hybrid plants were produced between L. sativa and seven accessions of L. virosa. Protoplast fusion permitted the regeneration of somatic hybrids between L. sativa and either L. tatarica or L. perennis. Hybrids between L. sativa and L. tatarica were backcrossed to L. sativa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023957
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strategies for variety-independent genetic transformation of important cereals, legumes and woody species utilizing particle bombardment (1955)
    Springer
    Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 13-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: gene transfer ; crop species ; particle bombardment ; transgenic plants ; cereals ; legumes ; woody plants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The limiting component in the creation of transgenic crops has been the lack of effective means to introduce foreign genes into elite germplasm. However, the development of novel direct DNA transfer methodology, by-passing limitations imposed by Agrobacterium-host specificity and cell culture constraints, has allowed the engineering of almost all major crops, including formerly recalcitrant cereals, legumes and woody species. The creation of transgenic rice, wheat, maize, barley, oat, soybean, phaseolus, peanut, poplar, spruce, cotton and others, in an efficient and in some cases, variety-independent fashion, is a significant step towards the routine application of recombinant DNA methodology to the improvement of most important agronomic crops. In this review we will focus on key elements and advantages of particle bombardment technology in order to evaluate its impact on the accelerated commercialization of products based on agricultural biotechnology and its utility in studying basic plant developmental processes and function through transgenesis. Fundamental differences between conventional gene transfer methods, utilizing Agrobacterium vectors or protoplast/suspension cultures, and particle bombardment will be discussed in depth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023926
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