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  • Articles  (420,809)
  • 1960-1964  (420,809)
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  • 11
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Bijdragen tot de dierkunde vol. 31 no. 1, pp. 4-4
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Frederik Johannes Appelman werd op 18 juli 1894 te \xe2\x80\x99s-Gravenhage geboren. Reeds als jongen had hij belangstelling voor alles wat dier was, doch speciaal voor vogels. Met jeugdig enthousiasme bracht hij o.a. een eiercollectie bij elkaar. Toen hij zich, ter verrijking van zijn verzameling, echter eens vergreep aan een legsel zwaneneieren in de Haagse hertenkamp, maakte een geduchte vaderlijke schrobbering aan deze activiteiten een hardhandig einde. Mogelijk heeft dit jeugdtrauma er toe bijgedragen dat hij op latere leeftijd voor de museale zo\xc3\xb6logie een ietwat platonische liefde heeft gekoesterd. Frits Appelman werd geen bioloog, omdat hij meende dan uitsluitend tot het onderwijs beperkt te zullen blijven en zijn hart trok naar buiten. Het studievak van zijn keuze werd Tropische Bosbouw. Als Bosbouwkundig ingenieur vertrok hij in 1919 naar het toenmalig Nederlands Indi\xc3\xab, waar hij als houtvester werd geplaatst bij de Dienst van het Boswezen. Die functie vervulde hij op verschillende standplaatsen. Door herhaalde overplaatsingen kwam hij met vrijwel geheel Insulinde in kennis en met zijn intense belangstelling voor tropische natuur werd ieder contact met een nieuw landschap tot een blijvende ervaring. Inmiddels doorliep hij vlot zijn rangen. Hij werd in 1928 bevorderd tot Opperhoutvester en in 1940 tot Inspecteur bij de Dienst van het Boswezen voor de Inspectie Grote Oost. Dat betekende een ressort van de afmetingen van West Europa en een gelegenheid om nader kennis te maken met de biologische aspecten van het merkwaardige Indo-Australische overgangsgebied. Na de Japanse inval in 1941 kwam Ir. Appelman als krijgsgevangen reserveofficier in een interneringskamp terecht. Bij de bevrijding aanvaardde hij zo spoedig mogelijk zijn oude functie. In 1947 werd hij gepensioneerd en repatrieerde. Daarmede was zijn Indische carri\xc3\xa8re op normale wijze be\xc3\xabindigd.\nReeds tijdens zijn langdurige diensttijd bij het Boswezen was Ir. Appelman zeer actief werkzaam op het gebied van Wildlife-management. Als beheerder van natuurreservaten en gouvernementsbossen ontwierp hij systemen voor wild-tellingen en paste die ook in de practijk toe. Hij publiceerde talrijke artikelen in \xe2\x80\x9eDe Tropische Natuur\xe2\x80\x9d, \xe2\x80\x9eTectona\xe2\x80\x9d (o.m. J. F. Kools en F. J. Appelman; Inventarisatie van den Wildstand. Tectona III, afl. 7/8, juli/aug. 1949) en vroegere Ned. Ind. couranten, meestal over de grote wilde diersoorten. Verder verscheidene bijdragen in Der Zoologischen Garten, Mededelingen der Ned. Commissie voor Internationale Natuurbescherming en het Avicultural Magazin. Het ontwerp van de Nieuwe Jachtwet voor Nederlands Indi\xc3\xab kwam van zijn hand. Zijn grote verdiensten op dit gebied vonden erkenning in zijn benoeming tot Officier in de Orde van Oranje Nassau.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 12
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Bijdragen tot de dierkunde vol. 31 no. 1, pp. 53-57
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: From its origin, the right aortic arch passes anteriorly, and obliquely to the right; in this part of its course it gives off the two carotid arteries, or as the case may be (e.g., in Uropeltis melanogaster (GRAY)) the common carotid trunk. It then curves dorsally, medially, and caudally. At the end of the dorsal curve, the right aortic arch gives off the vertebral artery, which runs cranially, close to the ventral surface of the vertebral column, to enter the parietes at a greater or smaller distance behind the head. In its further course, the right aortic arch fuses with the left aortic arch to form the dorsal aorta, which passes caudally close to the ventral surface of the vertebral column. The intercostal arteries arise from the vertebral artery, from the right aortic arch (between the origin of the vertebral artery and the fusion of the two aortic arches), and from the dorsal aorta. These intercostal arteries pass dorsally, and they enter the parietes in varying ways, as has been described by BEDDARD (1903; 1904a, b; 1906a, b; 1908; 1909) in a series of papers on the anatomy of snakes. This author has pointed to the possible taxonomic value of the differences shown by the various genera and species, which he examined. However, before definite conclusions can be drawn, it will be necessary to examine more genera and species. Studying the intercostal arteries of snakes is time-consuming; their number may be very high (e.g., 156 in a specimen of Xenopeltis unicolor Reinw.), and every artery has to be checked, because various types of intercostal arteries may occur in one individual.\nThe following types of intercostal arteries can be distinguished.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 13
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Bijdragen tot de dierkunde vol. 30 no. 1, pp. 63-80
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Im Nachfolgenden berichten wir \xc3\xbcber einige wirbellose Tiergruppen, welche in den Jahren 1953\xe2\x80\x941956 in den Bodenproben gefunden worden sind. Fr\xc3\xa4ulein A. P. C. DE VOS war mit der Bearbeitung im Jahre 1954 angefangen, aber schon bald zeigte sich die Arbeit zu umfangreich und wurde Dr. J. H. STOCK ein Teil der Bearbeitung \xc3\xbcbertragen. Erstgenannte Frl. DE VOS hat sich namentlich mit der Bestimmung der Polychaeta, Ostracoda, Cladocera, Harpacticoida und Calanoida besch\xc3\xa4ftigt, w\xc3\xa4hrend letztgenannter Dr. STOCK die \xc3\xbcbrigen Crustacea und \xc3\xbcbrigen Evertebraten, wie Coelenterata, Bryozoa, Echinodermata, u.s.w. vorgenommen hat. Au\xc3\x9ferdem haben Frl. DE VOS in 1954, und Dr. STOCK in 1956 im Dollart-Ems-Estuarium au\xc3\x9fer den regul\xc3\xa4ren Serienmustern erg\xc3\xa4nzende Sammlungen gemacht. Dabei wurde speziell auf die Mikrofauna geachtet.\nLeider hat der unzeitige Tod von Fr\xc3\xa4ulein DE VOS es f\xc3\xbcr sie unm\xc3\xb6glich gemacht selber diese Arbeit zu vollenden. Die \xc3\xb6kologische Auswertung ihrer Daten ist ausschlie\xc3\x9flich von Dr. STOCK versorgt worden, und dann noch nur teilweise durchgef\xc3\xbchrt. Samtliche Polychaeta warten noch auf eine \xc3\xb6kologische Durcharbeitung.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 14
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Bijdragen tot de dierkunde vol. 31 no. 1, pp. 75-79
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: The presence of five specimens of Gough Island Gallinules, Porphyriornis nesiotis comeri ALLEN, in the Zoological Gardens of Amsterdam originating from the remote Gough Island situated within the subantarctic confines of the South Atlantic Ocean, offered a favourable occasion for a study of these peculiar and rare birds. The Gough Island Gallinule is presently the only surviving representative of its species; the Tristan da Cunha form, P. nesiotis nesiotis (P. L. SCLATER), having been exterminated by man probably nearly a century ago. It belongs to a group of rails of which also the Moorhen or Common Gallinule, Gallinula chloropus, is a representative. From the latter species it differs among others by having greatly reduced powers of flight. One can wonder, however, about the degree of relationship between members of the genus Gallinula on the one hand and the Gough Island Gallinule on the other hand. In fact, the general appearance of the Gough Island Gallinule is that of a very stout, strongly legged Common Gallinule with a more skulking, less graceful gait. The birds in captivity in the Amsterdam Zoo were very pugnacious, a habit which has also been recorded by previous authors. When in pursuit of each other the birds frequently uttered a sharp, rattling call, which was also described by HOLDGATE (1958) from birds observed in Gough Island and transliterated as a rapid \xe2\x80\x9cchack-chack\xe2\x80\x9d. It seems that this call has not been recorded from any member of Gallinula chloropus. In spite of these differences RIPLEY (1954), in reviewing the \xe2\x80\x9cgenera\xe2\x80\x9d Gallinula, Porphyriornis and Ionornis, has doubted the justification of the use of a separate genus name for the Flightless Gallinules from Tristan and Gough Island, which he would prefer to treat as members of the genus Gallinula. This question will again be considered here.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 15
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Bijdragen tot de dierkunde vol. 30 no. 1, pp. 9-12
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Das untersuchte Wassergebiet liegt in der gem\xc3\xa4\xc3\x9figten Klimazone Westeuropas. Das Wetter ist gekennzeichnet durch seine gro\xc3\x9fe Ver\xc3\xa4nderlichkeit, die durch die atlantischen Tiefdruckgebiete, welche vielmals mit der vorherrschenden s\xc3\xbcdwestlichen und westlichen Luftstr\xc3\xb6mung die Zone durchwandern, verursacht wird.\nNachstehend geben wir einige Daten \xc3\xbcber das Klima der beiden Stationen Borkum und Emden.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 16
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Bijdragen tot de dierkunde vol. 32 no. 1, pp. 65-69
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: The incidence of Proteocephalus filicollis in Pungitius pungitius, Gasterosteus aculeatus f. hemigymnus and Gasterosteus aculeatus f. trachurus has been studied. It is very low in both forms of Gasterosteus, but 16% of Pungitius was infected. The monthly examination of minimally 27 and maximally 223 Pungitius pungitius indicates that an annual cycle exists neither in the incidence nor in genital development. It seems probable that Proteocephalus filicollis in Pungitius pungitius is less affected by low temperatures than worms of the same species in Gasterosteus aculeatus.\nReference is made to intercurrent helminth infections.
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  • 17
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Bijdragen tot de dierkunde vol. 31 no. 1, pp. 59-62
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Since the time of the great geographical discoveries, since Henry the Navigator of Portugal and Christopher Columbus started to open up the whole world to the curiosity of naturalists, the Dutch and the English have played an important role in the explorations of the riches of God\xe2\x80\x99s Nature.\nThe Monarchs were the first to set up collections of animals and other natural curiosities from foreign tropical (and also arctic) countries and from everywhere. We need only remember Albrecht D\xc3\xbcrer\xe2\x80\x99s diary from 1520\xe2\x80\x941521, when he visited the Low Countries.
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: \xc3\x9cber die postembryonale Entwicklung \xe2\x80\x94 besonders die Gewichtszunahme \xe2\x80\x94 junger Giftschlangen (Viperiden, Crotaliden, Elapiden) gibt es aus naheliegenden Gr\xc3\xbcnden nur wenige eingehendere Untersuchungen. KLAUBER (1956) bringt an Hand eines gro\xc3\x9fen Materials eine Zusammenfassung einschl\xc3\xa4giger Freilandbeobachtungen und -messungen an einer Reihe von Crotalus-Arten und fa\xc3\x9ft die Gewichts-L\xc3\xa4ngen- Relationen der erbeuteten Tiere nach Monaten tabellarisch zusammen. Statistisch ergibt sich dabei ein Index W = CLP (W = Gewicht, L = Gesamtl\xc3\xa4nge, C und p sind artliche Konstanten, die bei \xe2\x99\x80\xe2\x99\x80 gr\xc3\xb6\xc3\x9fer sind als bei \xe2\x99\x82\xe2\x99\x82: adulte \xe2\x99\x80\xe2\x99\x80 sind schwerer als \xe2\x99\x82\xe2\x99\x82 gleicher L\xc3\xa4nge, die absolut schwersten Tiere sind aber infolge absolut gr\xc3\xb6\xc3\x9ferer L\xc3\xa4nge stets \xe2\x99\x82\xe2\x99\x82). F\xc3\xbcr Crotalus atrox z.B. betr\xc3\xa4gt der Klaubersche Index W = 550 L3, 3 (eine 100 cm lange Schlange wiegt also 550 g).\nDiese Werte repr\xc3\xa4sentieren den gro\xc3\x9fen Durchschnitt aus einer Vielzahl verschiedener Messungen an immer wieder neuen Individuen der jeweiligen Altersstufen. Regelm\xc3\xa4\xc3\x9fige Gewichtskontrollen an ein und demselben Individuum lassen sich dagegen nur in Gefangenschaft exakt durchf\xc3\xbchren. Wir nehmen daher die Gelegenheit wahr, die Entwicklung einiger im Tierpark Berlin gez\xc3\xbcchteter Grubenottern (Crotalus atrox und Agkistrodon piscivorus) im einzelnen zu verfolgen und \xe2\x80\x94 auch im Hinblick auf terraristische und pathologische Probleme, wie sie in Zoologischen G\xc3\xa4rten auftreten \xe2\x80\x94 zu kommentieren.
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  • 19
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Flora of the Netherlands Antilles vol. 1 no. 2, pp. 87-88
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Monoecious, marsh or aquatic plants, with perennial, creeping rootstocks and erect, terete stems. Leaves alternate, linear or strap-shaped, sheathing at the base, flat, slightly convex on the back. Flowers unisexual, densely crowded in simple, compact, cylindric spikes. Male inflorescence terminal and separated from the female spike or contiguous to it; each spike subtended by spathaceous, usually fugacious, bracts and divided at intervals by smaller caducous bracts. Perianth consisting of bristles. Male flowers with 3, rarely 1\xe2\x80\x947 stamens; the filaments free or connate; the anthers linear or oblong, basifixed, 2-celled, with longitudinal dehiscence; the connective produced beyond the cells in a conical, carnose acumen; pollen grains simple or compound. Female flowers with a one-celled, superior, stipitate and fusiform ovary; the ovule solitary and anatropous; the style elongate, slender, erect; the stigma ligulate, spathulate, lanceolate or linear. Among the female flowers many sterile ones with clavate tips. Fruit minute, stipitate, fusiform or ellipsoid, with a membranaceous or coriaceous pericarp, splitting longitudinally. Seed subcylindric or narrowly ellipsoid; the testa membranaceous; albumen farinaceous. Embryo cylindric, straight. About 8 species in one genus, widely distributed in temperate and tropical regions.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 20
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Flora of the Netherlands Antilles vol. 1 no. 2, pp. 121-203
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Annual or perennial herbs, rarely shrubby. Leaves alternate, consisting of sheath, ligule and blade. Sheaths envelopping the stem, usually with free margins; ligule borne at the mouth of the sheath, membranaceous or a rim of hairs; blades mostly elongate, flat, convolute or terete, parallel-veined. Inflorescence spicate, racemose or paniculate, bearing spikelets which consist of a shortened axis (rhachilla) and two to many scales. The two lowest scales (glumes) empty, rarely wanting; the following scales (lemmas) bearing in their axil an usually enclosed prophyll (palea) and a perfect or reduced flower. Lemma, palea and flower together forming the floret. Perfect flower consisting of 2\xe2\x80\x943 hyaline or fleshy lodicules, usually 3 (1\xe2\x80\x946) stamens and a pistil. Stamens with at anthesis rapidly elongating, filiform or ribbon-like filaments with 2-celled anthers, opening with longitudinal splits. Ovary superior, 1-celled; ovule one, anatropous; styles usually 2(1\xe2\x80\x943) with plumose stigmas. Fruit a caryopsis (i.e. the pericarp adnate to the seed) with mealy endosperm, rarely a nut, a berry or an utricle with free pericarp. Embryo small, at the base of the side opposite the hilus. About 4000 species in 500 genera; of world-wide distribution.
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