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  • Other Sources  (1,158)
  • PHYSICS, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND NUCLEAR  (1,158)
  • 1970-1974  (1,158)
Collection
  • Other Sources  (1,158)
Source
Keywords
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Year
  • 1
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    Preliminary results on tritium in Surveyor 3 material (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Painted aluminum samples taken from Surveyor 3 were examined for possible tritium implanted by the solar wind. There was found to be a correlation of tritium content with exposure to sunlight. The amount of tritium in sample 1011,2 nearly perpendicular to the lunar surface exceeded the amount expected from the tritium content of lunar rock 12002 by at least a factor of 3. It is concluded that if there is tritium implanted by solar wind on lunar rocks, it is not retained by them.
    Keywords: PHYSICS, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND NUCLEAR
    Type: NASA, Washington Analysis of Surveyor 3 Mater. and Phot. Returned by Apollo 12; p 180-184
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  • 2
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    Muon production (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The production of muons by collisions of primary cosmic ray particles with air nuclei is discussed. From these collisions pions and kaons are produced which then decay into muons. Two cases, oblique incidence and vertical incidence, are analyzed theoretically. Theoretical calculations agree well with observed data.
    Keywords: PHYSICS, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND NUCLEAR
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Sci., 1970; p 212-216
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  • 3
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    Auger electrons (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Results are briefly described of efforts undertaken to assign proper electron transitions to the Auger lines of copper. Based on these investigations, using X-ray excitation and higher resolution, all three prominent Auger peaks of copper were determined to be L3MM type rather than L2MM type.
    Keywords: PHYSICS, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND NUCLEAR
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Sci., 1970; p 103-106
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  • 4
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    Experiment D008: Radiation in the Spacecraft (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The ionization and penetration power of various primary and secondary radiations that were present within the Gemini spacecraft was studied. This was accomplished by measurement of the contributions to dose according to profile, particle type, time, and position (location) within the spacecraft. Both active- and passive-dosimetry data collected in this experiment showed that no radiation hazard was associated with manned space operations within the Gemini spacecraft at altitudes as great as 310 kilometers in the South Atlantic anomaly region. This conclusion is warranted also by theoretical calculations.
    Keywords: PHYSICS, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND NUCLEAR
    Type: NASA. Manned Spacecraft Center The Gemini Program: Phys. Sci. Expt. Sum.; p 227-272
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  • 5
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    Experiment M409: Bremsstrahlung spectrometer (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Spectrometric data were used to gain information for computation of the flux-energy spectra of bremsstrahlung inside the Gemini spacecraft and to determine if energetic electrons are able to penetrate the vehicle walls. The spectra were compared with computer predicted bremsstrahlung spectra by the use of data from beta spectrometers flown on Gemini 10 and 12 missions. The calculations of bremsstrahlung radiation involved uncertainties because of the small amount of information available on cross-section interaction and because of the complex, heterogeneous composition of the spacecraft. The bremsstrahlung detector was designed for time-differentiated measurement of the electron-induced gamma rays over a large section of the vehicle. Preliminary analysis of the data obtained during the missions was indicative that electrons did penetrate the spacecraft wall.
    Keywords: PHYSICS, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND NUCLEAR
    Type: The Gemini Program: Phys. Sci. Expt. Sum.; p 169-184
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  • 6
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    Nonequilibrium ionization measurements in hydrogen-helium mixtures (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Time-resolved emission measurements of several atomic line and continuum radiation channels were made behind the incident shock wave of an electric arc shock tube. Test times and nonequilibrium ionization times were obtained for shock velocities up to 2.5 X 10,000 m/sec in a 0.2 H2 - 0.8 He gas mixture. The shock-heated test gas was found to be free from driver gas contamination, and the test times were adequate to achieve steady state conditions. An activation energy of 4 eV was obtained from the nonequilibrium ionization time measurements. Modifications of experimental technique to determine the effect of test gas impurity level on ionization time measurements are discussed.
    Keywords: PHYSICS, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND NUCLEAR
    Type: JPL Quart. Tech. Rev., Vol. 1, No. 4; p 13-18
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  • 7
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    The application of remote sensing techniques to selected inter and intra urban data acquisition problems (1970)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The utility of remote sensing techniques to urban data acquisition problems in several distinct areas was identified. This endeavor included a comparison of remote sensing systems for urban data collection, the extraction of housing quality data from aerial photography, utilization of photographic sensors in urban transportation studies, urban change detection, space photography utilization, and an application of remote sensing techniques to the acquisition of data concerning intra-urban commercial centers. The systematic evaluation of variable extraction for urban modeling and planning at several different scales, and the model derivation for identifying and predicting economic growth and change within a regional system of cities are also studied.
    Keywords: PHYSICS, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND NUCLEAR
    Type: NASA. Manned Spacecraft Center 3d Ann. Earth Resources Program Rev., vol. 1; 12 p
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  • 8
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    Experiment M408: Beta spectrometer (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The beta spectrometer functioned as planned throughout the Gemini 10 mission. The cool temperatures that were recorded from the instrument during the mission were indicative that the evaporative cooler, coupled with apparently lower-than-expected spacecraft-adapter temperatures, maintained ideal operating conditions. The data facilitate a good analysis of the electron directional distribution. The omnidirectional flux that was calculated is apparently consistent with previous measurements. Representative electron spectra, measured during the Gemini 12 mission, established the apparent decay of the artificially injected electrons (from the Starfish high altitude nuclear test) to such low levels that natural trapped electrons were becoming detectable.
    Keywords: PHYSICS, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND NUCLEAR
    Type: The Gemini Program: Phys. Sci. Expt. Sum.; p 141-152
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  • 9
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    Experiment S026: Ion wake measurement (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Measurements of the ion-wake and electron-wake structure and other perturbations of the ambient medium produced by the Gemini spacecraft in orbit are reported. Thruster firings in the TDA-south configuration produced a decrease in the observed ion flux to the outboard ion sensor, an apparent increase in the ion flux to the inboard ion sensor, and an enhanced electron concentration to the outboard electron sensor. Visual inspection of strip-chart data was indicative that definitive wake-cone angles could be determined. It also was apparent for many cases that the electron distribution followed the ion depletion effects; this was indicative that the wake was a plasma, not an ion wake. Analysis of the data from the GATV orbits was indicative that electron and ion temperatures were higher than was estimated. The high electron temperature accounted for the sensor saturation observed during the mission. This temperature measurement was 0.3 electron volt at a 200-n. mi. altitude during daytime conditions. Spacecraft wake structure has been observed as far as 100 feet from the vehicle.
    Keywords: PHYSICS, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND NUCLEAR
    Type: NASA. Manned Spacecraft Center The Gemini Program: Phys. Sci. Expt. Sum.; p 185-198
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  • 10
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    Experiment M404: Proton electron spectrometer (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: A series of experiments were performed during the Gemini 4 mission to acquire a detailed description of the radiation environment. Data from these experiments were used as source terms for the calculation of radiation doses received by the crewmembers. Comparison of theory with experimental data was accomplished by the use of dosimeters to monitor the integrated dose received by each crewmember. The instantaneous direction of the magnetic field of the earth relative to the spectrometer was used in the reduction of data because particle intensities were strongly directional with respect to the magnetic field. The simultaneous measurement of the external radiation environment and the radiation dose received by the crewmen during a mission was useful to evaluate and perfect calculational techniques.
    Keywords: PHYSICS, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND NUCLEAR
    Type: The Gemini Program: Phys. Sci. Expt. Sum.; p 125-139
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