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  • General Chemistry  (4,740)
  • PROPULSION SYSTEMS  (1,456)
  • THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION  (1,363)
  • 1970-1974  (7,559)
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  • 1
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Studies are being conducted to determine how manufacturing-induced defects affect the performance of ablative heat shields. If commonly occurring defects do not affect material performance, simpler manufacturing techniques can be used, quality control requirements can be relaxed, repair and rework operations can be held to a minimum, and thus the total manufacturing cost can be reduced.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: NASA Space Shuttle Technol. Conf.; p 475-504
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Manufacturing development studies have been conducted to provide information on the fabrication and handling characteristics of a number of candidate multilayer insulation systems. The application of these complex, lightweight insulation systems to large-scale, flight-type cryogenic tankage and other structures has of necessity required the development of new methods, processes, and tooling concepts. Results of some of the studies that have contributed to the advancement of cryogenic technology are presented. The insulation systems that are of primary importance for future application are those using the sliced foam spacers, the net type spacers, the glass fiber paper spacers, and the Superfloc system which consists of tufts of dacron fibers flocked on the surface of the radiation shields.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: Cryog. Res. at MSFC: Res. Achievements Rev., Vol. 4, No. 2; p 73-92
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  • 3
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The design of principal multilayer insulation (MLI) systems being investigated by Marshall Space Flight Center and its contractors for application to flight-type cryogenic tankage for long-term storage in space vehicles is described. The MLI systems were designed for application to a 105 in. diameter cryogenic test tank to simulate full-scale design and installation methods representative of flight-type hardware. The MLI systems selected for design represent systems suitable for use on space vehicles such as the modular nuclear vehicles that require application of thicknesses up to 6 in. The MLI systems are lightweight and structurally efficient.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: Cryog. Res. at MSFC: Res. Achievements Rev., Vol. 4, No. 2; p 53-72
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  • 4
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: A number of tests are required to evaluate both multilayer high performance insulation samples and the materials that comprise them. Some of the techniques and tests being employed for these evaluations and some of the results obtained from thermal conductivity tests, outgassing studies, effect of pressure on layer density tests, hypervelocity impact tests, and a multilayer high performance insulation ambient storage program at the Kennedy Space Center are presented.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: Cryog. Res. At MSFC: Res. Achievements Rev., Vol. 4, No. 2; p 93-98
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Work that has been performed to provide information on the effects of various fire extinguishing agents in special atmospheres is discussed. Data used in the development of both equipment and techniques for manned spacecraft and related equipment are discussed. The equipment includes a hypobaric chamber suitable for low pressure use and a hyperbaric chamber for high pressure operation. The effectiveness of agents in weightless environment is also discussed.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: Conf. on Mater. for Improved Fire Safety; p 163-169
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  • 6
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The effect of thermodynamic, chemical, and physical properties on the combustion of materials is discussed. The mechanisms which produce and support combustion of various materials are examined. The effects of free radical reactions, convection and gravitational effects on combustion rates, and changes in flame propagation due to size and shape of surfaces are described.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: Conf. on Mater. for Improved Fire Safety; p 3-7
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Design and characteristics of supersonic cruise inlets
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION 1971; P 283-312
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Model for calculation of parameters for local thermodynamic equilibrium in uranium
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: FLORIDA UNIV. RES. ON URANIUM PLASMAS AND THEIR TECHNOL. APPL. 1971; P 173-178
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  • 9
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Thermal control techniques in designing large orbiting telescopes
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: NASA, WASHINGTON OPT. TELESCOPE TECHNOL. 1970; P 359-379
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  • 10
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Pollution aspects of internal combustion engine thermodynamics
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: ET. AND THERMODYN. IN HIGH TEMP. GASES 1970; P 31-40
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Properly tuned Helmholtz resonator damping devices are an effective method for eliminating high frequency combustion instability in rocket engine thrust chambers. A program was implemented with the objective of extending Helmholtz resonator theory to thrust chamber conditions to establish a standard design procedure. By using systematic cold-flow testing and hot firings, empirical design equations were formulated. An effort is currently underway to extend the design theory to other types of acoustical damping devices such as quarter-wave tubes and slots.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: Res. Achievements Rev., Vol. 4, No. 6; p 53-59
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Small rocket engine tests were conducted for the purpose of obtaining pulse performance data to aid in preliminary design and evaluation of attitude control systems. Both monopropellant and hypergolic bipropellant engines of thrust levels from 5 to 445 N (1 to 100 lb) were tested. The performance data for the hypergolic propellant rockets are compared with theoretical performance calculated from idealized chamber filling and evacuation characteristics. Electromechanical delays in valve response and heat transfer characteristics were found to cause substantial deviation between theoretical performance and test performance. The theoretical analysis is modified to obtain a semiempirical model for hypergolic propellant rockets.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: Res. Achievements Rev., Vol. 4, No. 6; p 61-74
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  • 13
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: An evaluation is presented of J-2 engine modifications that will simplify operation and improve reliability of the advanced Saturn 1C launch vehicle. Methods of increasing thrust without extensively modifying the S-2 or S-4B stages are also evaluated. A thrust increase was achieved by raising engine combustion through a redesign of the engine thrust chamber and propellant feed system.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: Res. Achievements Rev., Vol. 4, No. 6; p 105-115
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Reusable surface insulation is considered a prime candidate for heat shielding large areas of the space shuttle vehicle. The composition and fabrication of RSI materials are discussed, followed by evolution of RSI and current problems, physical and thermal properties, arc plasma test data and results, and material improvement research. Finally, a summary of RSI technology status is presented.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: NASA Space Shuttle Technol. Conf.; p 373-433
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The goal of the ablation technology program is to bring ablation research and development to a high state of readiness for application to space shuttle vehicles. Some recent results and current work in the areas of materials, designs, and refurbishment for ablative TPS are reported. Future research and development needs are also presented.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: NASA Space Shuttle Technol. Conf.; p 505-536
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Analytical trade studies are presented that consider passive TPS configurations using the following material categories: (1) reuseable surface insulation - surface-coated rigidized ceramic fiber; (2) low density charring ablators; and (3) carbon-carbon and high density ablators for leading edge areas. Emphasized are effects on TPS weight by variations in entry trajectories and material thermal characteristics.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: NASA Space Shuttle Technol. Conf.; p 303-334
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The metallic thermal protection system technology program for the space shuttle is reviewed for the areas of environmental uncertainties, materials data base, TPS design concepts and heat-shield panel configurations, testing and evaluation of materials, panels, and complete systems.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: NASA Space Shuttle Technol. Conf.; p 267-302
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  • 18
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The selection and design of velocity diagrams for axial flow turbines are considered. Application is treated in two parts which includes: (1) mean-section diagrams, and (2) radial variation of diagrams. In the first part, the velocity diagrams occurring at the mean section are assumed to represent the average conditions encountered by the turbine. The different types of diagrams, their relation to stage efficiency, and their selection when staging is required are discussed. In the second part, it is shown that in certain cases the mean-section diagrams may or may not represent the average flow conditions for the entire blade span. In the case of relatively low hub- to tip-radius ratios, substantial variations in the velocity diagrams are encountered. The radial variations in flow conditions and their effect on the velocity diagrams are considered.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: Turbine Design and Appl., Vol. 1; p 69-99
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: A silicone material was developed which gives suitable ablative protection in the high heat flux, high shear environments encountered in severe reentry applications, such as nose cones for ballistic vehicles and protection of leading edges or other critical areas of a vehicle. In addition, the ease of handling, low application cost, and room temperature cure make such a silicon material suitable nozzles for the large rockets necessary for vehicle launching. The development of this product is traced from the selection of suitable polymers through the choice of fillers and the finalization of filler loadings.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Space Simulation; p 725-748
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: An environmental test facility is described which allows in-situ measurements for evaluation of near real time sinergistic effects of combined space environments.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Space Simulation; p 453-460
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: A summary is presented of the work performed by Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) and industry toward the development of flight-type multilayer insulation(MLI) systems. The MSFC MLI program is divided into three large categories: (1) the generation and compilation of MLI composite test data; (2) the analysis, design, and testing of heat flow through MLI applied to ducting, seams, electrical feedthroughs, structural supports, and the tank sidewall; and (3) the development, modification, and utilization of new testing procedures, tanks, and the test facilities. Numerous data have been generated, analyzed, and documented on different MLI composites.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: Cryog. Res. at MSFC: Achievements Rev., Vol.4, No. 2; p 5-52
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Qualitative tests were made by injecting water through a rocket nozzle wall, and the droplet trajectories were observed photographically. These tests were conducted for nozzles in which boundary layer flow is significant. The tests indicated that both gases and particulate matter will be found in the region outside of the plume boundaries, and can be calculated using current analytical techniques. A test program is being conducted to measure the distribution of exhaust gases from small nozzles using an electron beam/photomultiplier system and a matrix of quartz crystal microbalances. Calibration tests, using simulated hydrazine exhaust product gas mixtures, were also conducted. The test program and results of the pumping calibration tests with hydrazine (simulated hydrazine exhaust products) are reported.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: JPL Quart. Tech. Rev., Vol. 1, No. 4; p 89-96
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Precision temperature control of large orbiting telescopes
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: OPT. TELESCOPE TECHNOL. 1970; P 417-424
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Rate constant determination for ignition of hydrogen carbon monoxide oxygen system
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: ET. AND THERMODYN. IN HIGH TEMP. GASES 1970; P 105-117
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Pyrolized carbon-carbon has one unique advantage over other materials that makes its application to the space shuttle thermal protection system very attractive. This unique characteristic is the increase in material strength and modulus with increase in temperature up to about 2500 K (4040 F). Offsetting this unique advantage are disadvantages which include brittleness, high cost, and the tendency of the material to react with oxygen, particularly at high temperatures. The development of an oxidation inhibitor for the material and the definition of fabrication processes for selected full-scale components are considered.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: NASA Space Shuttle Technol. Conf.; p 335-372
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The criteria governing materials to be used in an oxygen enriched atmosphere and tests to determine suitability for fireproof considerations in spacecraft design are discussed. The nine tests applied to materials before acceptance in spacecraft construction are presented. The application of the standard tests to determine ranking of materials is included.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: Conf. on Mater. for Improved Fire Safety; p 23-27
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Design and development of rocket engines
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: TRANS. OF THE FIRST LECTURES DEDICATED TO THE DEVELOP. OF THE SCI. HERITAGE OF K. E. TSIOLKOVSKIY APR. 1970; P 1-10
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  • 28
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Turbine geometric, flow, energy transfer, efficiency, and performance characteristics are considered by the use of definitions, diagrams, and dimensionless parameters. Emphasis is placed on the determination of the fluid velocity as it passes from one blade row to the next. The general methods for constructing velocity diagrams and relating them to the work and flow capacity of the turbine are discussed.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: Turbine Design and Appl., Vol. 1; p 21-67
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Heat pipes are used in spacecraft to equalize the temperature of structures and maintain temperature control of electronic components. Information is provided for a designer on: (1) a typical mounting technique, (2) choices available in wick geometries and fluids, (3) tests involved in flight-qualifying the design, and (4) heat pipe limitations. An evaluation of several heat pipe designs showed that the behavior of heat pipes at room temperature does not necessarily correlate with the classic equations used to predict their performance. They are sensitive to such parameters as temperature, fluid inventory, orientation, and noncondensable gases.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: 6th Aerospace Mech. Symp.; p 33-41
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  • 30
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: An internal foam fabrication is one of the concepts being considered for cryogenic insulation on the hydrogen tanks of the shuttle vehicle. The three-dimensional polyurethane used on the S-4 B tanks failed to meet the higher temperature requirements of the shuttle vehicle, however, and other foams under consideration include polyisocyanurates, polyphenylene oxides, polyimides, and polybenzimidazoles. Improved adhesive systems for attaching the foams to the interior tank wall are under study.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: Cryog. Res. at MSFC: Res. Achievements Rev., Vol. 4, No. 2; p 179-184
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Tests were conducted in the NASA Langley continuous flow, variable density and Mach 20 helium tunnels. The orbiter was tested alone and with various side and tandem mounted tanks. Test conditions spanned a Reynolds number range which resulted in both laminar and turbulent flows. Experimental studies also examined the heat transfer problems associated with integration of the auxiliary propulsion system into the orbiter. Tests in the hypersonic shock tunnel investigated heating to cavities and heating from single and multiple hydrogen-oxygen plumes while tests, run as part of the configuration evaluation, examined the heating to wing pods.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: NASA. Langley Res. Center Space Shuttle Aerothermodyn. Technol. Conf., vol. 2; p 297-345
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The flammability test program for Apollo command module and lunar module mockups is described. The fire safety design of the modules was verified by performing deliberate ignitions at many locations while the interior atmosphere was controlled to simulate realistic flight conditions. The data obtained for each test and restrictions on various materials are discussed.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: Conf. on Mater. for Improved Fire Safety; p 43-54
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The criteria and requirements governing the selection and use of nonmetallic materials in manned spacecraft to control potential fire hazards are reviewed. The development of flammability requirements is discussed and traced through the historical evolution. Events that dictated the changes that have taken place are discussed. The current nonmetallic material requirements are presented. Significant features of a nonmetallic materials handbook are included.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: Conf. on Mater. for Improved Fire Safety; p 9-21
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Atmospheric air storage for use in space vehicle engines during planetary flight
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: TRANS. OF THE FIRST LECTURES DEDICATED TO THE DEVELOP. OF THE SCI. HERITAGE OF K. E. TSIOLKOVSKIY APR. 1970; P 69-76
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Heat balance equation for predicting heat transfer of ejector exhaust nozzle at afterburning phase
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: L. METHODS IN AIRCRAFT AERODYN. 1970; P 623-638
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2006-07-18
    Description: The procedures used in the application of the phase change technique to the phase B shuttle configuration are discussed along with factors which may affect data accuracy. These factors include variation of thermal properties of phase change model material, sensitivity of measured heat transfer coefficients to the assumed value of the adiabatic to total temperature ratio, and wall temperature effects. These sensitivities are illustrated in sample calculations for a shuttle geometry. Factors which may affect the visual clarity and interpretation of phase change data are discussed, and a method of improving photographic data quality through the use of polarized light is presented.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: Space Shuttle Aerothermodyn. Technol. Conf., vol. 2; p 661-682
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2006-07-18
    Description: An experimental study of the plume impingement heating on the space shuttle booster afterbody resulting from the space shuttle orbiter engine plumes was conducted. The 1/100-scale model tests consisted of one and two orbiter engine firings on a flat plate, a flat plate with a fin, and a cylinder model. The plume impingement heating rates on these surfaces were measured using thin film heat transfer gages. Results indicate the engine simulation is a reasonable approximation to the two engine configuration, but more tests are needed to verify the plume model of the main engine configuration. For impingment, results show models experienced laminar boundary layer convective heating. Therefore, tests at higher Reynolds numbers are needed to determine impingment heating.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: Space Shuttle Aerothermodyn. Technol. Conf., vol. 2; p 607-644
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2006-07-18
    Description: In an effort to minimize the cost of the thermal protection system (TPS) for space shuttles, an analysis is made of environmental uncertainties. The basic categories of these uncertainties include aerodynamic heating, trajectory dispersions, atmospheric variations, and vehicle attitude variations. Also discussed are TPS design sensitivity to environmental uncertainties, and uncertainty profiles. Preliminary results indicate moderate TPS cost for a high confidence level environment may be obtained.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: NASA. Langley Res. Center Space Shuttle Aerothermodyn. Technol. Conf., vol. 2; p 503-518
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2006-07-18
    Description: The effect of shuttle configuration geometry, angle of attack, and free stream flow conditions on the heat-transfer distribution as influenced by three-dimensional effects, the wing-fuselage shock-interaction, and resultant wing-impingement phenomena are examined. In addition, the data provided information regarding the flow field in the vicinity of the nose and boundary layer transition in the plane of symmetry of the fuselage. The data included measurements of the surface pressure, the heat transfer rate distributions, (using models instrumented with thermocouples and models painted with thermographic phosphor) and schlieren and shadowgraph photographs. Posttest photographs of the painted models supplemented the heat transfer data.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: Space Shuttle Aerothermodyn. Technol. Conf., vol. 2; p 469-501
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2006-07-18
    Description: Lee surface heating data, obtained at relatively low unit Reynolds numbers at Mach 6 and 19, are discussed with emphasis on the peak heating behavior. Surface pressures measured along the lee meridian of the delta-wing orbiter are presented and analyzed in conjunction with the heating. The effects of nose bluntness and lee surface geometry on the heating are discussed and general guidelines are presented for modifying the lee surface geometry of the shuttle to reduce vortex-induced heating. The application of the wind tunnel results to realistic shuttle flight conditions is discussed.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: Space Shuttle Aerothermodyn. Technol. Conf., vol. 2; p 451-467
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2006-07-18
    Description: A preliminary investigation on the effects of roughness on heating in delta wing orbiters was conducted on the windward surface of the vehicle. The purpose of the experiment was to determine the feasibility of using parametric relationships obtained from discrete roughness effects on heating in flat plates and cones, to complex shuttle configurations. An attempt was also made to characterize what parameters were needed to influence roughness. Experimental results show that effective roughness Reynolds numbers are less than or equal to those of flat plates at the same edge Mach number, but, the roughness correlations for plates and cones cannot be applied to the shuttle configuration.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: Space Shuttle Aerothermodyn. Technol. Conf., vol. 2; p 395-411
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2006-07-18
    Description: Results of a pitot pressure investigation of the flow field on the lee side of a delta wing shuttle orbiter are presented. The results delineate the extent of the lee side separated flow and give a tentative cross sectional definition to the shock wave structure for angles of attack of 15 deg and 30 deg. It is shown that while, in general, the effects of Reynolds number on the flow field are not large, detailed effects are observed that may have significant bearing on the heating estimate. Two examples are cited for an angle of attack of 15 deg; these are: (1) The scope of the vertical tail exposed to the unseparated flow increases with increasing Reynolds number and (2) the depth of the separated flow adjacent ot where the bow wave crosses the wing appears to decrease with increasing Reynolds number. In addition, it is shown that at a spanwise station outboard of the wing-fuselage juncture, increasing Reynolds number decreased the pitot pressure in the unseparated flow. This defect of pitot pressure appears associated with the flow over the wing-fillet-fuselage juncture.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: Space Shuttle Aerothermodyn. Technol. Conf., vol. 2; p 413-449
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2006-07-18
    Description: The effects of distributed roughness, arising from space shuttle orbiter panel joints, on boundary layer transition are investigated. The North American Rockwell 134B delta wing shuttle configuration was used for the study. Results show: (1) Premature boundary layer transition occurred in models having simulated heat shield panels with rased joints. (2) Laminar flow was maintained with slot type panel joint models to a Reynolds number twice that at which transition occurred in raised joints. (3) Significant increases in peak surface temperature and the time during which turbulent flow occurs may result from distributed roughness of heat shield panel joints. (4) Laminar and turbulent heating levels were predicted within available theories. (5) A complex interference between the wing and fuselage flow was observed in the delta wing model.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: Space Shuttle Aerothermodyn. Technol. Conf., vol. 2; p 375-394
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2006-07-18
    Description: Turbulent heating and transition data, taken from three test facilities, for two space shuttle configurations are presented. Major efforts were on: (1) the effect of the two geometries having different amounts of cross flow and how the different cross flows affect heating and transition, (2) the experimental level of turbulent heating and the ability to predict the level of turbulent heating, and (3) a comparison of the transitional and turbulent heating in three facilities with two model scale sizes to investigate the facility effects and scale-size effect on transition and turbulent heating. The three facilities in which the configurations were tested are the Langley Mach 8 variable-density hypersonic tunnel and the Arnold Engineering Development Center tunnel B and tunnel F at Mach numbers of 8 and 10.5, respectively.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: Space Shuttle Aerothermodyn. Technol. Conf., vol. 2; p 347-373
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2006-07-18
    Description: The results of work on the McDonnell Douglas delta wing orbiter are summarized and compared to other data and theories where applicable. The tests were conducted in the continuous hypersonic Tunnel B at Mach 8 and in the hypervelocity hotshot Tunnel F at Mach 10.5. Photographic data are used to illustrate the regions of peak heating on the lee-side and to show the vortical nature of the flow. Windward centerline data include measurements of shock angle, surface pressure, flow field pitot pressure and total temperature, and heat transfer rate coefficient distributions. Shock angles, surface pressures, and local Mach number distributions are compared with tangent cone theory over an angle of attack range from 10 to 60 deg. The measured heat transfer rate coefficient distributions are compared to both laminar and turbulent theories and boundary layer transition data are compared to the McDonnell Douglas criteria.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: Space Shuttle Aerothermodyn. Technol. Conf., vol. 2; p 261-296
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2006-03-28
    Description: The application of vibroacoustic techniques for diagnosing aircraft engine malfunctions is discussed. An experiment was conducted to determine the defects introduced by the nature of change in the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the noises and vibrations of an aircraft jet engine. The manner in which the defects were simulated is explained. The test equipment used during the experiment is identified. The results of the amplitude-frequency characteristics investigation are summarized to show optimum location of the microphone pick-up to record the acoustic data.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 317-319
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2006-03-28
    Description: The physics of noise formation in an internal combustion engine is discussed. A dependence of the acoustical radiation on the engine operating process, its construction, and operational parameters, as well as on the degree of wear on its parts, has been established. An example of tests conducted on an internal combustion engine is provided. A system for cybernetic diagnostics for internal combustion engines by vibroacoustical parameters is diagrammed.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 247-249
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  • 48
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    Publication Date: 2006-02-22
    Description: Some theoretical studies on the time-independent and oscillatory combustion of nonmetallized ammonium perchlorate (AP)/composite propellants are presented. A coherent and unified interpretation was made of the voluminous data available from experiments related to propellant combustion. Three fundamental hypotheses are introduced: the extent of propellant degradation at the vaporization step has to be specified through a scientific criterion; the condensed-phase degradation reaction of ammonium perchlorate to a vaporizable state is the overall rate-limiting step; gas-phase combustion rate is controlled by the mixing rate of fuel and oxidizer vapors. In the treatment of oscillatory combustion, the assumption of quasi-steady fluctuations in the gas phase is used to supplement these hypotheses.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: JPL JPL Quart. Tech. Rev., Vol. 3, No. 2 (NASA-CR-133863); p 45-77
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2006-02-22
    Description: An exploratory test series was conducted on three types of 0.45-N (0.1 lbf) liquid hydrazine thrusters to ascertain the minimum impulse bit capability for this class of engine. The test series is described and the results are presented. The testing was performed at 21 and 145 C (70 and 300 F) while maintaining nominal 0.45 N (0.1 lbf) upstream conditions. Valve on-times as low as 0.008 sec were applied. Impulse bits were observed for thruster temperatures of 21 and 145 C (70 and 300 F), respectively.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: JPL Quarterly Tech. Rev., Vol. 2, No. 1; p 107-112
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2006-02-22
    Description: On 14 November 1971 the Mariner 9 1334-N-(300-lbf)-thrust rocket engine was fired for just over 15 min to place the first man-made satellite into orbit about Mars. Propulsion subsystem data gathered during the 5-month interplanetary cruise and orbit insertion are of significance to future missions of this type. Specific results related to performance predictability, zero g heat transfer, and nitrogen permeation, diffusion, and solubility values are presented.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: JPL Quarterly Tech. Rev., Vol. 2, No. 1; p 113-122
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2006-02-22
    Description: The development of a propulsion system that employs a detonating propellant is described, and the need for such a system and its use in certain planetary atmospheres are demonstrated. A theoretical formulation of the relevant gas-dynamic processes was developed, and a related series of experimental tests were pursued.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: JPL Quart. Tech. Rev., Vol. 3, No. 2 (NASA-CR-133863); p 45-52
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2006-02-22
    Description: During recent cryodeposit tests with an 0.18-N thruster, the mass flux in the plume back field was measured for the first time for nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and a mixture of nitrogen, hydrogen, and ammonia at various inlet pressures. This mixture simulated gases that would be generated by a hydrazine plenum attitude propulsion system. The measurements furnish a base upon which to build a mathematical model of plume back flow that will be used in predicting the mass distribution in the boundary region of other plumes. The results are analyzed and compared with existing analytical predictions.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: JPL Quart. Tech. Rev., Vol. 2, No. 2; p 90-99
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2006-04-20
    Description: Characteristics of fans and compressors for aircraft turbine engines
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION 1971; P 1-36
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2006-04-20
    Description: Dynamics and control of supersonic propulsion systems
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION 1971; P 351-395
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2006-04-20
    Description: Effects of engine inlet disturbances on engine stall performance
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION 1971; P 313-341
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2006-04-20
    Description: Design and characteristics of exhaust system for supersonic aircraft
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION 1971; P 233-282
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2006-04-20
    Description: Propulsion technology for STOL and V/STOL commercial aircraft
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION 1971; P 135-168
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  • 58
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    Publication Date: 2006-04-20
    Description: Development of improved turbine cooling processes and facilities for conducting turbine cooling research
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION 1971; P 57-96
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  • 59
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2006-04-25
    Description: Feasibility of cryogenic heat pipe for cooling isotopic spacecraft power supply cycle
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: NIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS IN SCI. AND TECHNOL. AT GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER 1970; P 244-248
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  • 60
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2006-04-20
    Description: Development and characteristics of low cost engines for general aviation aircraft
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION 1971; P 211-231
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2006-04-20
    Description: Effects of engine design and propulsion system configurations on combustion efficiency
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION 1971; P 97-134
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2006-02-22
    Description: A solar-electric propulsion breadboard thrust subsystem has been designed, built, and tested. A 1500-h test was performed to demonstrate the functional capabilities of the subsystem. Described are the subsystem functions and testing process. The results show that the ground work has been established for development of an engineering model of the thrust subsystem.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: JPL Quart. Tech. Rev., Vol. 2, No. 2; p 100-112
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  • 63
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The boundary-layer losses associated with the flow process in the blade channel are discussed. To determine the overall design point efficiency of a turbine, other losses must also be considered; these include tip clearance loss and disk friction loss. The sum of these losses normally comprises all the losses that are considered in the design of a full admission axial flow turbine. If, however, a partial admission turbine is being considered, there are additional losses that must be included. The partial admission losses usually considered are the pumping loss in the inactive blade channels and the filling-and-emptying loss in the blade passages as they pass through the admission arc. Finally, a loss that occurs at off-design operation of any turbine is the incidence loss.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: Turbine Design and Appl., Vol. 2; p 125-148
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  • 64
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    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The design of a proper blade profile requires calculation of the blade row flow field in order to determine the velocities on the blade surfaces. An analysis theory is presented for several methods used for this calculation and associated computer programs that were developed are discussed.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: Turbine Design and Appl., Vol. 2; p 27-56
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  • 65
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The design of turbine blading is considered that will produce the flow angles and velocities required by velocity diagrams consistent with the desired efficiency and/or number of stages. The determination of the size, shape, and spacing of the blades is fundamental.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: Turbine Design and Appl. Vol. 2; p 1-25
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: An important noise source in a drilling plant is Diesel engine exhaust. In order to reduce this noise, a reactive silencer of the derivative resonator type was proposed, calculated from the acoustic and design point of view and applied. As a result of applying such a silencer on the exhaust conduit of a Diesel engine the noise level dropped down to 18 db.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 156-162
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: A generalized mathematical model of gas-dynamic and heat transfer processes in single-stage regenerative installations operating in Stirling, MacMahon, Gifford-MacMahon, and pulsating tube cycles is proposed. A numerical method os solving initial equations on a digital computer is given. This makes it possible to calculate the change in the thermodynamic parameters in the working cycle in different machine components, as well as the dependence of cold productivity on the temperature level in the steady regime.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: Space Res. in the Ukraine, No. 3 (NASA-TT-F-15537); p 124-138
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2006-01-10
    Description: The feasibility of operating small rocket engines in the Molsink facility was demonstrated. A 0.44-N (0.1-lbf) hydrazine engine and a 0.18-N (0.04-lbf) thruster using cold gas from a hydrazine plenum system were operated for both flight duty cycles and off-nominal conditions. The exhaust gases from these thrusters contain NH3, N2, and H2. The chamber was also calibrated for larger bipropellant engines using nitrogen tetroxide/monomethyl hydrazine (NTO/MMH). The exhaust products of these engines contain CO2, CO, H2, H2O, and H2. A mixture of cold gases simulating the engine exhaust was injected through a nozzle under conditions simulating thrust levels up to 26.7-N (6 lbf). Pulsing and continuous operations were investigated. The chamber background pressure traces were compared with the traces obtained for the same thrusters operated with pure nitrogen at approximately equivalent thrust. Satisfactory recuperation times were encountered in all the pulsing modes. Test times greater than 20s were obtained in steady state operation before the vacuum chamber back pressure climbed to prohibitive values.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: JPL Quart. Tech. Rev., Vol. 3, No. 1; p 1-13
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2006-04-02
    Description: The inflight thermodynamic parameters (temperature, pressure, and density) of the atmosphere are presented. Mean and extreme values of the thermodynamic parameters given here can be used in application of many aerospace problems, such as: (1) research and planning and engineering design of remote earth sensing systems; (2) vehicle design and development; and (3) vehicle trajectory analysis, dealing with vehicle thrust, dynamic pressure, aerodynamic drag, aerodynamic heating, vibration, structural and guidance limitations, and reentry analysis. Atmospheric density plays a very important role in most of the above problems. A subsection on reentry is presented, giving atmospheric models to be used for reentry heating, trajectory, etc., analysis.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: Terrest. Environ. (Climatic) Criteria Guidelines for Use in Aerospace Vehicle Develop., 1973 Rev.; 34 p
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2006-03-27
    Description: The selection and the characteristics of quiet, clean propulsion systems for STOL aircraft are discussed. Engines are evaluated for augmentor wing and externally blown flap STOL aircraft with the engines located both under and over the wings. Some supporting test data are presented. Optimum engines are selected based on achieving the performance, economic, acoustic, and pollution goals presently being considered for future STOL aircraft. The data and results presented were obtained from a number of contracted studies and some supporting NASA inhouse programs, most of which began in early 1972. The contracts include: (1) two aircraft and mission studies, (2) two propulsion system studies, (3) the experimental and analytic work on the augmentor wing, and (4) the experimental programs on Q-Fan. Engines are selected and discussed based on aircraft economics using the direct operating cost as the primary criterion. This cost includes the cost of the crew, fuel, aircraft, and engine maintenance and depreciation.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: STOL Technol.; p 475-509
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2006-03-27
    Description: The characteristics of aircraft engine noise are discussed. Data are provided to show the noise produced by the following aircraft components: (1) fan noise, (2) noise suppressing structures, (3) sonic inlets, (4) jet mixing noise due to nozzle flow, and (5) thrust reversers. Charts are developed to show the sound pressure level and the frequencies for each type of noise source. The use of laminates and composite materials to dissipate acoustic power is examined.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: STOL Technol.; p 371-412
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2006-03-27
    Description: Research activities, preliminary design activities, and system optimization studies in support of the development of advanced, quiet, STOL propulsion systems are discussed. Noise alleviation by means of controlling the source and by means of acoustical treatment receive considerable emphasis. A STOL airplane designed for a given payload has essentially double the installed thrust of a comparable CTOL airplane. Unless compensated for during the design process, this alone will tend to increase the source noise by 3 db. The propulsive lift introduces flap impingement noise or duct and flap scrubbing noise, noise sources not present in CTOL airplanes to any significant degree. These additional noise sources are illustrated. Depending on the specific configuration, this will tend to increase the noise by several db or more. Although the propulsive lift characteristics of STOL airplanes will tend to increase source noise significantly, the proximity of STOL airfields to populated areas leads to STOL noise objectives considerably lower than those currently applicable to CTOL airplanes.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: STOL Technol.; p 367-370
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2006-04-20
    Description: Aerodynamic characteristics of advanced turbine engines
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION 1971; P 37-55
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Conical nozzle roughness on heat transfer in supersonic region
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: ; 394-398. (
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Thermal stress distribution and temperature profiles in nearly opaque spherical shell under radiant and convective heating flux
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: ; - ASTRONOMY 1969- TE
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Burning rates of single laser ignited beryllium droplets, considering particle size effect
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: ; TROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Space propulsion by plasma deflagration gun, measuring specific impulse by piezoelectric probe and pendulum methods
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: ; YAL SOCIETY (
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  • 78
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: IR radiation role in limiting central heater maximum temperature and heat transfer to high density oxygen in cryogenic storage systems
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: ; ADEMIE DES SCIENCES
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Periodic disturbances propagation in radiating gray gas, using singular eigenfunction expansions
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: ; ADEMIE DES SCIENCES
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Emitting, absorbing and scattering gray gas flow through plane stationary normal shock wave, presenting governing equations linearized analysis
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: ; 9-12, 15 (
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  • 81
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Pressure wave distortion effects on combustor acoustic mode instability based on model with burning rate related to Reynolds number
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: ; VUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Turbulent boundary layer recovery factor for wedge model in hypersonic helium flow at high Reynolds and Mach numbers
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: ; YAL SOCIETY (
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  • 83
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Arc oscillation spectra in MPD thrustor operation at low magnetic field
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: ; UGREVUE(
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Flame spread over surface of solid-fuel bed in oxygen-inert environment
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: THE INVEST. OF FLAME SPREADING OVER THE SURFACE OF IGNITING SOLID PROPELLANTS 31 MAR. 1971 (SEE N71-31426 18-33)
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Leeside aerodynamic heating of lifting reentry vehicle configurations
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: NASA, WASHINGTON NASA SPACE SHUTTLE TECHNOL. CONF., VOL. 1 APR. 1971; P 289-309
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The linear hydrodynamic stability of a thin-liquid layer flowing along the inside wall of a vertical tube rotating about its axis in the presence of a core-gas flow is examined. The stability problem is formulated under the conditions that the liquid film is thin, the density and viscosity ratios of gas to liquid are small and the relative (axial) pressure gradient in the gas is of the same order as gravity. The resulting eigenvalue problem is first solved by a perturbation method appropriate to axisymmetric long-wave disturbances. The damped nature (to within the thin-film and other approximations made) of the nonaxisymmetric and short-wave disturbances is noted. In view of the limitations on a truncated perturbation solution when the disturbance wavenumber is not small, an initial value method using digital computer is presented. Stability characteristics of neutral, growing, and damped modes are presented showing the influences of rotation, surface tension, and the core-gas flow. Energy balance in a neutral mode is also illustrated.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: Physics of Fluids; 14; Nov. 197
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Liquid-base foams are highly effective sound absorbers. A better understanding of the mechanisms of sound absorption in foams was sought by exploration of a mathematical model of bubble pulsation and coupling and the development of a distributed-parameter mechanical analog. A solution by electric-circuit analogy was thus obtained and transmission-line theory was used to relate the physical properties of the foams to the characteristic impedance and propagation constants of the analog transmission line. Comparison of measured physical properties of the foam with values obtained from measured acoustic impedance and propagation constants and the transmission-line theory showed good agreement. We may therefore conclude that the sound propagation and absorption mechanisms in foam are accurately described by the resonant response of individual bubbles coupled to neighboring bubbles.
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: Acoustical Society of America; vol. 50
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  • 88
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Electrical power systems for spacecraft, reviewing solar cells, batteries, fuel cells and radioisotope thermoelectric generators
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: ; 353-366. (
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Slender cone boundary layer transition under angle of attack at Mach 21 with promoted leeward and fixed windward ray
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: ; YAL SOCIETY (
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Turbulent skin friction and heat transfer prediction on flat plates and wind tunnel walls at supersonic and hypersonic Mach numbers, using Van Driest theory
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: ; YAL SOCIETY (
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Laminar boundary layers with large wall heating and flow acceleration, considering heat transfer parameter increase
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: ; TROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Multilayer insulation systems for cryogenics protection aboard spacecraft, considering mechanical properties, radiation shielding, component evacuation rate and outgassing
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: ; YAL SOCIETY (
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Transonic compressor rotors blade camberline shape optimization by various tip diffusion factor-ratio combinations
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: ; VUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Low frequency analysis of rocket engines using compressible propellants
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NASA. MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CENTER PROC.- SPACE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM PROPULSION TECHNOL. CONF., VOL. 1 28 APR. 1971; P 257-288
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Flame spreading over surface of igniting solid rocket propellants at different pressures, and oxygen-nitrogen mixtures
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: THE INVEST. OF FLAME SPREADING OVER THE SURFACE OF IGNITING SOLID PROPELLANTS 31 MAR. 1971 (SEE N71-31426 18-33)
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Mechanism by which flame spreads over surface of condensed-phase material in quiescent gaseous environment
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: THE INVEST. OF FLAME SPREADING OVER THE SURFACE OF IGNITING SOLID PROPELLANTS 31 MAR. 1971 (SEE N71-31426 18-33)
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Surface flame spreading characteristics of ICRPG reference composite propellant composed of ammonium perchlorate with polyurethane binder
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: THE INVEST. OF FLAME SPREADING OVER THE SURFACE OF IGNITING SOLID PROPELLANTS 31 MAR. 1971 (SEE N71-31426 18-33)
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  • 98
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Computer programs for determining combustion stability of liquid propellant rocket engines
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: STABILITY CHARACTERIZATION OF ADVANCED INJECTORS, DESIGN GUIDE, VOL. 2 FEB. 1971 (SEE N71-20415 09-28)
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Wall cooling effects on turbulent boundary layer in low speed air flow, using smooth tube and thermocouple measurements
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: ; ADEMIE DES SCIENCES
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Spectral measurements of nitrogen continuum radiation behind incident shocks at high speeds, suggesting free bound neutral atom-electron interactions origin
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: ; HYSICAL PROCESSES IN
    Format: text
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