ALBERT

Notes: Black Stanley W.: Floating Exchange Rates and National Economic Policy.Willett Thomas D.: Floating Exchange Rates and International Monetay Reform.Bork Robert H.: The Antitrust Paradox: A Poliy at War with Itself.Cass David and Shell Karl (Eds.): The Hamiltonian Approach to Dynamic Economics.Cornwall John: Modern Capitalism. Its Growth and Transformation.Dauphin Roma: The Impact of Free Trade in Canada.Elton Edwin J. and Gruber Martin J. (Eds.): International Capital Markets.Garms Walter I., Guthrie James w., and Pierce Larence C.: School Finance: The Economics and Politics of Public Education. Englewood Cliffs, N. J., Prentice-Hall Inc., 1978. 466 pages. £14.95Grubel Herbert G. and Scott Anthony: The Brain Drain. DeterminantsInternational Labour Office: Meeting Basic Needs.Intriligator Michael D. (Ed.): Frontiers of Quantitative Economics, Vol. III A.Issing O.: Einfühmng in die Geldtheorie.Kühne Karl: Geschichtskonzept und Profitrate im Marxismus.Lewis Arthur W.: The Evolution of the International Economic Order.Milward Alan S. and Saul S.B.: The Development ofthe Economies of Continental Europe 1850–1914.Morishima Michio: Walras' Economics.Opp Karl-Dieter und Schmidt Peter: Einführung in die Mehruariablenanalyse.Phillips D. C.: Holistic Thought in Social Science.Pincus Jonathan J.: Pressure Groups and Politics in Antebellum Taraffs.Posner Michael (Ed.): Public Expenditure.Salvatore Dominick and Dowling Edward T.: Development Economics.Sauvant Karl P. and Lavipour Farid G. (Eds.): Controlling Multinutional Enterprises.Schwödiauer Gerhard (Ed.): Equilibrium and Disequilibrium in Economic Theory.Steedman Ian: Marx after Srafa.Steinberg Eleanor and Yager Joseph A. with Brannon Gerard: New Means of Financing International Needs.Stern Fritz: Gold and Iron.Voigt Fritz und Budischin Jörg: Grenzen der stuatlichen Wirtschufts-politik im gesellschajllichen und sozialen Wandel.Westaway A. J, and Weyman-Jones T. G.: Macroeconomics, Theory, Evidence and Policy.Woll Artur, Faulwasser Bernd und Ramb Bernd-Thomas: Beschäiftigung, Geld und Preisniveaustabilität.

Notes: Alchian Armen: Economic Forces at Work.Allais Maurice: L'impǒt sur le capital et la réforme monétaire.Anderson Lee G.: The Economics of Fisheries Management.Benson Charles S.: The Economics of Public Education.Dinkel Reiner: Der Zusammenhang zwischen der ökonomischen und politischen Entwicklung in einer Demokratie.Drulović Milojko: Arbeiterselbstverwaltung auf dem Prüfstand.Frey Bruno S.: Moderne Politische Ökonomie.Furniss Norman and Tilton Timothy: The Case for the Welfare State.Jungnickel Rolf, Krägenau Henry, Lefeldt Mattftias und Holthus Manfred: Einfluss multinationaler Unternehmen auf Aussenwirtschaft und Branchenstruktur der Bundesrepublik Deutschland.Kantowsky Detlef (Hrsg.): Evaluierungsforschung and -Praxis in der Entwicklungshilfe.Klaus Joachim: Stadtentwicklungspolitik.Barnbrock Jörn (Hrsg.): Materialien zur Ökonomie der Stadtplanung.Fürst Dietrich (Hrsg.): Stadtökonomie.Krause Lawrence B. and Salant Walter S. (Eds.): Worldwide Inflation.Lowe Adolph: The Path of Economic Growth.Marglin Stephen A.: Value and Price in the Labour-Surplus Economy.Michaely Michael: Theory of Commercial Policy.Mitra Ashok: Terms of Trade and Class Relations.Moore Mark Harrison: Buy and Bust.Nove Alec: The Soviet Economic System.O'Driscoll Gerald P., Jr.: Economics as a Coordination Problem: The Contributions of Friedrich A. Hayek.Ott Claus: Recht and Realität der Unternehmenskorporation.Pasinetti L.L.: Lectures on the Theory of Production.Persell, Caroline H.: Education and Inequality New York.Richardson H.W.: The New Urban Economics: and Alternatives.Sauvant Karl P. and Hasenpflug Hajo (Eds.): The New International Economic Order.Stolz Peter: Basler Wirtschaft in vor- and frühindustrieller Zeit.Vajna Thomas: Prognosen für die Politik.Zeller Willy: Die unuollendete Union, Qualitätsmängel der Europäischen Gemeinschaft.Zeppernick Ralf: Staat and Einkommensverteilung.

Notes: In der Literatur zur Umweltökonomie werden zahlreiche Unterschiede zwischen den beiden Instrumenten Standards and Steuern behauptet; so etwa bezüglich der statischen and dynamischen Eflizienz, der Überwachungskosten, der Sicherheit der Reaktion auf ein eingesetztes umweltpolitisches Instrument usw. Einigedieser Unterschiede werden hier kritisch analysiert. Das Ergebnis ist, dass häufig (ausser im Fall der bekannten statischen allokativen Ineffizienz von Standards) unzulässige Vergleiche angestellt werden and die Unterschiede bei korrekter Analyse verschwinden. Aberes wird auch eine Situation beschrieben, in der sich Standards and Steuern tatsächlich voneinander unterscheiden and in der die Wahl des richtigen Instruments wichtig ist.

Notes: In trade negotiations under fixed exchange rates governments insist on reciprocity mainly to ensure that the adverse impact of import barrier reductions on the balance-of-payments and on employment is offset through concurrent trade liberalization abroad. In negotiations under floating currencies reciprocity is not necessary for these purposes because governments can then liberalize unilaterally and let the resulting depreciation equilibrate payments and stimulate a reallocation of resources. In such negotiations reciprocity serves to reduce the political costs of trade liberalization. Applying Downss' economic theory of democracy, the paper shows that governments can win majority support for freer trade only if they subsidize the acquisition or use of information enabling producers and consumers benefitting from the reduction of import barriers to decide to favour the measures. Governments prefer to liberalize trade on a reciprocal basis because this creates easily demonstrable benefits for narrow interest groups and therefore reduces the need for such subsidization.

Notes: Babatunde Thomas D.: Importing Technology into Africa.Becker Selwyn W. and Neuhauser Duncan: The Efficient Organization.Biermann Herbert: Ansatzpunkte einer allgemeinen Strukturpolitik.Blümle E. -B. und Wittmann W. (Eds.): Verbände.Bornstein Morris (Ed.): Economic Planning, East and West.Branson William H. and Litvack James M.: Macroeconomics.Cline William R.: International Monetary Reform and the Developing Countries.Decker Franz: Einführung in die Dienstleistungsökonomie.Delapierre Michel et Michalet Ch. -A.: Les Implantations étrangères en France: Stratégies et structures.Denison Edward F. and Chung William K.: How Japan's Economy Grew so Fast.Duwendag Dieter (Hrsg.): Der Staatssektor in der sozialen Marktwirtschaft.Flemming John: InflationHenderson W. O.: The Rise of German Industrial Power 1834–1914.Jacquemin A. P. and DE Jong H. W. (Eds.): Markets, Corporate Be-haviour and the State.Jones Richard: Supply in a Market Economy.Kleinewefers Henner: Inflation und Inflationsbekampfung in der SchweizKoghanek Stanley A.: Business and Politics in India.Latsis Spiro (Ed.): Method and Appraisal in Economics.Miller Merton H. and Upton Charles W.: Macroeconomics.Münch Klaus N.: Kollektive Güter und Gebühren.Panik Michael J.: Classical Optimization: Foundations and Extensions.Pfaff Martin, Gehrmann Friedhelm (Hrsg.): Informations- und Steuerungsinstrumente zur Schaffung einer höheren Lebensqualität in Städten.Recktenwald H. C.: Wörterbuch der Wirtschaft.Rosenberg Nathan: Perspectives on Technology.Sohmen Egon: Allokationstheorie und Wirtschaftspolitik.Stecher Bernd: Erfolgsbedingungen der Importsubstitution und der Exportdiversifizierung im Industrialisierungsprozess.Tancer Shoshana B.: Economic Nationalism in Latin America.Warren Samuels J. (Ed.): The Chicago School of Political Economy.Williamson Oliver E.: Markets and Hierarchies: Analysis and Antitrust Implications.Yeager Leland B. and Tuerck David G.: Foreign Trade and U. S. Policy.

Notes: Bernholz Peter: Grundlagen der politischen Ökonomie.Bertin Gilles: L'industrie française face aux multinationales.—Prospectives des investissements étrangers en France—L'annuaire des participations étrangères en France (APEF)Biehl Dieter, Hussmann Eibe, Rautenberg Kord, Schnyder Sebastian und Südmeyer Volker: Bestimmungsgründe des regionalen Entwicklungspotentials.Bühlman H., Loeffel H. und Nievergelt E.: Entscheidungs- und Spieltheorie.Dewees D. N., Everson C. K., Sims W. A.: Economic Analysis of Environmental Policies.Esenwein-Rothe Ingeborg: Die Methoden der Wirtschaftsstatistik.Gray H. Peter: A Generalized Theory of International Trade.Hayward Jack and Watson Michael (Eds.): Planning, Politics and Public Policy.Helmstädter Ernst: Wirtschaftstheorie.Hildenbrand W. and Kirman A. P.: Introduction to Equilibrium Analysis.Kennedy Gavin: The Economics of Defence.Kock Heinz: Stabilitätspolitik im föderalistischen System der Bundesrepublik Deutschland.Mason Sandra: The Flow of Funds in Britain.McKenzie George W.: The Economics of the Euro-Currency System.Milbradt Georg H.: Ziele und Strategien des debt management.Molitor Bruno: Sozialpolitik auf dem Prüfstand.Molitor Bruno: Verteilungspolitik in Perspektive.Müller-Armack Alfred: Genealogie der Sozialen Marktwirtschaft.Napoleoni Claudio: Smith, Ricardo, Marx.Neldner Manfred: Die Bestimmungsgründe des volkswirtschaftlichen Geldangebots.Pearge David W.: Environmental Economics.Pitchford J. D.: The Economics of PopulationSalvatore Dominick: International Economics.Stein Jerome L. (Ed.): Monetarism.Sternlieb George and Hughes James W. (Eds.): Post-Industrial America: Metropolitan Decline and Inter-Regional Job Shifts.Vanek Jaroslav (Ed.): Self-Management: Economic Liberation of Man.Wykoff Frank C.: Macroeconomics.

Notes: Andersen Uwe: Einführung in die Vermögenspolitik.Becker Otwin und Richter Rudolf (Hrsg.): Dynamische Wirtschaftsanalyse.Borner Silvio: Wissenschaftliche Ökonomik undpolitische Aktion.Brennegke Ralph: Die Konstruktion von sozioökonomischen Grosssystemen.Campbell R. H., Skinner A. A. (General eds.), and Todd W. B. (Textual ed.): Adam Smith. An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations.Dillmann Roland: Gesamtwirtschaftliche Verhaltensgleichungen und Anpassungsprozesse.Feiwel George R.: The Intellectual Capital of Michal Kalecki.Fuchs Victor R.: Who Shall Live?.Garth Bryant G. et al. (Eds.): China's Changing Role in the World Economy.Hanisgh Rolf: Der Handlungsspielraum eines Landes der Peripherie im Internationalen System.Herdzina Klaus (Hrsg.): Wettbewerbstheorie.Hess Walter: Ökonomische Aspekte der Sozialen Sicherung. - Eine Untersuchung über die umverteilungs-, konjunktur- und wachs-tumspolitische Bedeutung des Sozialversicherungshaushaltes unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der schweizerischen Verhältnisse.Hester Donald D. and Pierce James L.: Bank Management and Portfolio Behavior.Hirsgh Werner Z., Sonenblum Sidney, and Teeples Ronald: Local Government Program Budgeting: Theory and Practice.Langaskens Yvan: Introduction á l'économétric.Lees Francis A. and Eng Maximo: International Financial Markets.Meiselman David I. and Laffer Arthur B. (Eds.): The Phenomenon of Worldwide Inflation.Pfromm Hans-Adam: Einkommenspolitik und Verteilungskonflikt.Reinermann Heinrich: Programmbudgets in Regierung und Verwaltung.Riese Hajo: Wohlfahrt und Wirtschaftspolitik.Samuels Warren J.: Pareto on Policy.Sghaich Eberhard, Kohle Dieter, Schweitzer Walter und Wegner Fritz: Statistik II.Schmölders Gunter: Einführung in die Geld- und Finanzpsychologie.Smyth D. J., Boyes W. J., and Peseau D. E.: Size, Growth, Profits and Executive Compensation in the Large Corporation.Tabbert Jürg: Unternehmensgrösse, Marktstruktur und technischer Fortschritt.Visser H.: The Quantity of Money.Whitaker J. K. (Ed.): The Early Economic Writings of Alfred Marshall.Wood Adrian: A Theory of Profits.Young Stephen with Lowe A. V.: Intervention in the Mixed Economy, The Evolution of British Industrial Policy 1964–1972.

Notes: Luc Banderet, lie. oec, Casilla 4731, Correa Central, Buenos Aires (Argentina).Dipl. -Volksw, Ernst-August Behnke, Alfred-Weber-Institut, Universität Heidel-berg, Bergheimer Strasse 147, D-69 Heidelberg (Bundesrepublik Deutschland).Yoram Ben-Porath, The Eliezer Kaplan School of Economic and Social Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem (Israel).Dr. Niklaus Blattner, Starenstrasse 52, CH-4059 Basel (Schweiz).Dr. Bodo Böttcher, Leopoldsweg 150, D-638 Bad Homburg v. d. H. (Bundesrepublik Deutschland).Professor Jozef van Brabant, Freie Universität Berlin, D-l Berlin 33 (Bundesrepublik Deutschland).Dr. Hans-Gert Braun, Institut für Sozialökonomie, Universität Stuttgart, Postfach 560, D-7 Stuttgart (Bundesrepublik Deutschland).Professor Dwight S. Brothers, The Edna McConnell Clark Foundation, 250 Park Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10017 (U. S. A.).Professor Phillip J. Bryson, College of Business and Public Administration, Department of Economics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 (U. S. A.).Professor A. E. Coats, Head, Department of Economic and Social History, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD (England).Professor Sanford Cohen, Department of Economics, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106 (U. S. A.).Professor Raymond Dacey, College of Business Administration, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73069 (U. S. A.).Christophe Deissenberg, FachbereichWirtschaftswissenschaften, Universität Konstanz, Postfach 733, D-775 Konstanz (Bundesrepublik Deutschland).Reiner Dinkel, Institut für Finanzwissenschaft der Universität München, Ludwigstrasse 28, D-8 München (Bundesrepublik Deutschland).Dr. Rolf Freund, Kurfürstendamm 48, D-l Berlin 48 (Bundesrepublik Deutschland).Prof. Dr. Ralph von Gersdorff, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFCH, C. P. 1170, Campinas, S. P. (Brazil).Professor Kenneth V. Greene, Department of Economics, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, N. Y. 13901 (U. S. A.).Professor Paul Greenwood, Finance Department, Administrative Science College, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210 (U. S. A.).Prof. Dr. Werner Gumpel, Vorstand des Instituts für Wirtschaft und GeseUschaft Ost- und Südosteuropas der Universität München, Akademiestrasse l/III, D-8 München 13 (Bundesrepublik Deutschland).K. L. Gupta, Department of Economics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta (Canada).Prof. Dr. Dietrich Herzog, Zentralinstitut 6, Institut für politische Wissenschaft der Freien Universität Berlin, Babelsberger Strasse 14, D-l Berlin 31 (Bundesrepublik Deutschland).Professor Toussaint Hocar;evar, Department of Economics, University of New Orleans, Louisiana 70122 (U. S. A.).Arthur Leon Horniker, Hotel Granada 1208, Brooklyn, N. Y. 11217 (U. S. A.).Lie. rer. pol. Brigitte Janik, Reviusrondeel 486, Capelle o/d Yssel (Holland).Dr. Peter Kalmbach, Rheinstrasse 39, D-8 München 40 (Bundesrepublik Deutschland).Klaus Kaufmann, Seminar für Soziologie der Friedrich Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Findelgasse 7, D-85 Nürnberg (Bundesrepublik Deutschland).Dr. H. Klocke, Hochfeld 12, D-8134 Pöcking (Bundesrepublik Deutschland).Dr. Peter Kuhbier, Staatswissenschaftliches Institut der Universität München, Ludwigstrasse 28, D-8 München 22 (Bundesrepublik Deutschland).Dr. Albert Lauterbach, Liesingbachstrasse 19, A-1100 Wien (Österreich).Professor Roger A. McCain, Department of Economics, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, N. Y. 10031 (U. S. A.).D. McEnhill, Division of Economic Studies, Research Station, The University of Sheffield, 302 Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN (England).Prof. Dr. Peter Naeve, Institut für Angewandte Statistik der Freien Universität Berlin, Corrensplatz 2, D-l Berlin 33 (Bundesrepublik Deutschland).Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. mult. Fritz Neumark, Vogelweidstrasse 18, D-6 Frankfurt/Main (Bundesrepublik Deutschland).Dr. Rüdiger H. A. Pohl, Lehrstuhl für Volkswirtschaftslehre, Technische Universität Hannover, Wunstorferstrasse 14, D-3 Hannover (Bundesrepublik Deutschland).Prof. Dr. Hans J. Ramser, Fachbereich Wirtschaftswissenschaften, Universität Konstanz, Postfach 733, D-755 Konstanz (Bundesrepublik Deutschland).Dr. Heinz Renn, Seminar für Sozialwissenschaften der Universität Hamburg, Von-Melle-Park 15, D-2000 Hamburg 13 (Bundesrepublik Deutschland).Dr. Wilfried Schulz, Institut für Allgemeine Wirtschaftsforschung, Abteilung Theorie, Universität Freiburg, D-78 Freiburg (Bundesrepublik Deutschland).Prof. Dr. Heidi Schelbert-Syfrig, Institut für empirische Wirtschaftsforschung der Universität Zürich, Forchstrasse 145, CH-8032 Zürich (Schweiz).R. Shone, Division of Applied Economics and Business Studies, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN (England).I. G. Simpson, School of Economic Studies, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds 2 (England).Dr. Stephen Spiegelglas, Department of Economics, College of Business Administration, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 (U. S. A.).Dr. Monika Streissler, Khevenhüllerstrasse 15, A-1180 Wien (Österreich).Robert R. Trippi, School of Business Administration, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92115 (U. S. A.).Prof. Dr. Theodore Tsukahara, Jr., The Hastings Center, 623 Warburton Avenue, Hastings-on-Hudson, N. Y. 10706 (U. S. A.).Professor Julien Devereux, Institute of Government, University of Georgia, 201 Terrell Hall, Athens, Georgia 30601 (U. S. A.).Prof. Dr. H. Winkel, Lehrstuhl für Wirtschafts- und Sozialgeschichte, Technische Hochschule Aachen, Templergraben 55, D-51 Aachen (Bundesrepublik Deutschland).Dr. Manfred Wulff, Memmingerstrasse 25, D-7400 Tübingen (Bundesrepublik Deutschland).Professor Leland B. Yeager, James Wilson Department of Economics, University of Virginia, Rouss Hall, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901 (U. S. A.).Professor Ervin K. Zingler, Department of Economics, College of Business Administration, University of Houston, Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77004 (U. S. A.).Prof. Dr. Karl Georg Zinn, Institut für Wirtschaftswissenschaften, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, D-51 Aachen (Bundesrepublik Deutschland).

Notes: Dr. Peter Albin, Department of Economics, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, 445 West 59th Street, New York, New York 10019 (U. S. A.).Dr. F. E. Banks, Dalbovägen 33, S-752 72 Uppsala (Sweden).Georges Bernard, Maitre de Recherche au CNRS, 52, rue du Général Delestraint, F-75 Paris 16e (France).Prof. Dr. Willi R. Bihn, Lehrstuhl für Statistik und Ökonometrie, Seminar für Wirtschafts- und Sozialstatistik, Universität Köln, Weyertal 80, D-5 Köln 41 (-Lindenthai) (Bundesrepublik Deutschland).Dr. Beat Blankart, Fachbereich Wirtschaftswissenschaften, Universität Konstanz, Postfach 733, D-775 Konstanz (Bundesrepublik Deutschland).Dr. Niklaus Blattner, Starenstrasse 52, CH-4059 Basel (Schweiz).Dr. Bodo Böttcher, Leopoldsweg 15 c, D-638 Bad Homburg v. d. H. (Bundesrepublik Deutschland).Prof. Dr. Rudolf Borkowsky, Kirchweg 1, CH-8307 Effretikon-Moosburg (Schweiz).Prof. Dr. Karl Brandt, Institut für Allgemeine Wirtschaftsforschung an der Universität Freiburg, Abteilung für Wirtschaftstheorie, Güntherstalstrasse 67, D-78 Freiburg i. Br. (Bundesrepublik Deutschland).Professor Hans Brems, Ôkonomisk institut, Studiestraedet, DK-1455 Copenhagen K (Denmark).Professor Stanley H. Cohn, Division of Social Sciences, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13901 (U. S. A.).Dr. M. A. Crew, Department of Economics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RQ. (Scotland).Professor David W. Dunlop, Vanderbilt University, P. O. Box 6087, Station B, Nashville, Tennessee 37235 (U. S. A.).Professor Kathleen H. Dunlop, Vanderbilt University, P. O. Box 6087, Station B, Nashville, Tennessee 37235 (U. S. A.).Prof. Dr. G. Endruweit, Soziologisches Institut, Universität des Saarlandes, D-66 Saarbrücken (Bundesrepublik Deutschland).Prof. Dr. René Erbe, Schützenstrasse 7, CH-4104 Oberwil (Schweiz).Professor Jacob A. Frenkel, Department of Economics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637 (U. S. A.).Prof. Dr. Bruno S. Frey, Fachbereich Wirtschaftswissenschaften, Universität Konstanz, Postfach 733, D-775 Konstanz (Bundesrepublik Deutschland).Professor Shozaburo Fujino, The Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University, Kunitachi, Tokyo (Japan).Professor David E. R. Gay, Department of Economics, College of Business Administration, Business Administration Building, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701 (U. S. A.).Prof. Dr. Oswald Hahn, Betriebswirtschaftliches Institut, Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürn-berg, Findelgasse 9, D-85 Nürnberg (Bundesrepublik Deutschland).K. Hartley, Department of Economics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Campaign, Commerce Building (West), Box 111, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (U. S. A.).John Hein, International Research Department, National Industrial Conference Board, 845 Third Avenue, New York, New York 10022 (U. S. A.).K. H. Hennings, Department of Economics, Faculty of Letters and Social Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights Park, Reading RG6 2 AA (England).P. D. Dr. Klaus Jaeger, Fachbereich Wirtschaftswissenschaften, Universität Konstanz, Postfach 733, D-775 Konstanz (Bundesrepublik Deutschland).Dr. Omotunde E. G. Johnson, Exchange and Trade Relations Department, Inter-national Monetary Fund, 19th and H Streets, Washington, D. C. 20431 (U. S. A.).Dr. I. G. Karmiloff, Research Division, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Palais des Nations, CH-1211 Genève 10 (Suisse).Prof. Dr. Detlev Karsten, Institut für Sozialforschung, Universität Stuttgart, Postfach 560, D-70 Stuttgart (Bundesrepublik Deutschland).Dr. Berndt Keller, Fachbereich 1, Universität Essen, Gesamthochschule, Postfach 6843, D-43 Essen 1 (Bundesrepublik Deutschland).Professor William J. Kelly, Department of Economics and Statistics, College of Business Administration, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 (U. S. A.).Professor Paul Kleindorfer, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19174 (U. S. A.).Professor Ralph N. Kolinski, Department of Economics, University of Windsor, Windsor 11, Ontario (Canada).Professor Prem S. Laumas, Department of Economics, Northern Illinois University, Dekalb, Illinois 60115 (U. S. A.).Dr. Marina Lewkowicz, Soziologisches Institut der Universität des Saarlandes, D-66 Saarbrücken 15 (Bundesrepublik Deutschland).Professor Assar Lindbeck, Institute of International Economic Studies, University of Stockholm, S-10405 Stockholm 50 (Sweden).Professor Fred D. Miller, 390 17th Street N. E., Salem, Oregon 97301 (U. S. A.).Professor D. J. Morgan, Oak House, 23 Dennis Lane, Stanmore, Mddx. HA7 4JS (England).Prof. Dr. Manfred Neumann, Robert-Koch-Strasse 16, D-856 Lauf (Bundesrepublik Deutschland).Dr. Hans G. Nutzinger, Lehrstuhl für Makroökonomik, Abteilung Wirtschafts-und Sozialwissenschaften, Universität Dortmund, Rheinlanddamm 203, D-46 Dortmund (Bundesrepublik Deutschland).Professor Jacob Paroush, Department of Economics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan (Israel).Professor C. P. Pathak, Department of Economics, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia 25701 (U. S. A.).Prof. Dr. Ralf Pauly, Institut für Ökonometrie und Operations Research, Universität Bonn, Adenauerallee 24–42, D-53 Bonn (Bundesrepublik Deutschland).Professor Sidney Pollard, Head of the Department of Economic History, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield 10 (England).Prof. Dr. Horst Claus Recktenwald, Institut für Wirtschafts- und Finanzpolitik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-85 Nümberg (Bundesrepublik Deutschland). Professor Joan Robinson, 62 Grange Road, Cambridge CB3 9DH (England).Dipl. Kfm. Dipl. Soz. Manfred Röber, Siedelmeisterweg 12, D-1 Berlin 52 (Bundesrepublik Deutschland).Dr. Herbert Schmidbauer, Lehrstab Wirtschaftswissenschaften, Universität des Saarlandes, D-66 Saarbrücken (Bundesrepublik Deutschland).Professor Arthur Schweitzer, Department of Economics, Indiana University, Ballantine 901, Bloomington, Indiana 47401 (U. S. A.).Herbert Seiterle, Institutfür EmpirischeWirtschaftsforschung, Universität Zürich, Forchstrasse 145, CH-8032 Zürich (Schweiz).Professor J. K. Sengupta, Department of Economics, Iowa State University, 407 East Hall, Ames, Iowa 50010 (U. S. A.).Professor Theodore Tsukahara, Jr., The Hastings Center, 623 Warburton Avenue, Hastings-on-Hudson, New York 10706 (U. S. A.).Stefan Weckbach, Institut für Verkehrswissenschaft an der Universität Frankfurt am Main, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Abteilung, Senckenberganlage 31, D-6 Frankfurt (Bundesrepublik Deutschland).Dr. Heimfrid Wolff, Prognos AG, Viaduktstrasse 65, CH-4051 Basel (Schweiz).

Notes: Marcel Labordère was a little known French economist who died, aged 77, in 1946. He was regarded as an eccentric, a self-educated economist, whose major contact with the economics profession seems to have been through J. M. Keynes and D. H. Robertson. In 1908 he put forward an over-investment theory of the trade cycle; in this the crisis results from a shortage of real saving. The amount of saving in the economy which is available for investment is determined by the accumulated stock of consumer goods. If production is to shift to capital goods, away from consumer goods, the economy must have a stock of consumer goods (real saving) to utilise whilst this shift in production is taking place. The crisis arises where the stock of consumer goods is insufficient to support the amount of investment undertaken in the boom; that is, it is caused by a disproportionate amount of capital goods being produced relative to consumer goods. Although worked out in isolation from A. Spiethoff's theory of crisis, it is somewhat similar to it, but it contrasts with the over-investment theories associated with M. Tugan-Baranowski and A. Aftalion. Labordère's work had a major influence upon D. H. Robertson in his writing of ‘A Study of Industrial Fluctuation’ (1915), one of the foremost British contributions to trade cycle theory.

Notes: This paper uses both single-equation and multi-equation systems to examine whether fiscal policy ‘crowds out’ private investment. It is found that, for both the United States and Canada, this is in fact the case. In addition, it is shown that this crowding out leads to long term inflation.

Notes: This paper deals with the occurrence of fiscal illusion and its effect on public expenditures. Fiscal illusion is here taken to be a systematic misperception by individuals of both the public revenue burden borne by them and the amount of benefit they derive from public expenditures. Taking the revenue structure and public outlays of the 110 largest Swiss cities as an example, it is shown that there is in fact empirical evidence for the existence of fiscal illusion (presently defined for the most part in the literature as a systematic underestimation of fiscal burden) and, as a result, for higher public expenditures when it occurs than when it is absent. By dividing the Swiss cities according to the degree of citizen participation in the making of public decisions, we were able to formulate hypotheses predicting to what degree fiscal burden illusion (understood as systematic underestimation) will occur under each system. These hypotheses have been empirically confirmed. Further analysis of the results has indicated that in cities in which the citizens can only indirectly participate in public decision-making, the government and public bureaucracy have more freedom to act independent of the wishes of the voters with respect to expenditures, though these are taken more and more into consideration as elections approach. This expenditure behavior and particularly the concrete manner in which expenditures are adjusted to approaching general elections leads us to the conclusion that illusion with respect to the benefit derived from public expenditures also exists.

Notes: The paper contains empirical tests of the monetary approach to exchange rate determination for the price of Italian banknotes in terms of Swiss francs quoted in Zürich. The exchange rate was chosen because it is less influenced by government intervention than the official rate. In addition, there is little reverse causation between the chosen exchange rate and its explanatory variables due to the small size of the market analyzed. The tests indicate that the exchange rate analyzed adjusted in only two months to relative rates of monetary expansion between Italy and Switzerland. This fast adjustment is not implausible considering that the market involves to a large extent illegal capital outflows from Italy. Since data on monetary aggregates are published on average with a lag of about two months, he tests do not exclude that the market considered was efficient in a semi-strong form. The price of Italian banknotes in Zürich was also significantly affected by relative inflationary expectations and by seasonal factors connected with the inflow of foreign tourists to Italy.

Notes: This paper investigates some of the determinants of the decline in corporate profits as a share of national income in six industrial countries. First, it presents evidence that much of the decline in the profits share has resulted from changes in the distribution of gross profits among dividends, interest, and retained earnings, apparently due to rising corporate debt/equity ratios. Second, the paper examines the cyclical behavior of the gross profits share. Estimates of the normal cyclical behavior of profits shares suggest that much of the recent decline in profits shares is a normal response to weak economic activity. Finally, the techniques used to estimate cyclically normal profits shares suggest that in most of these countries the profits share has been below its full-employment level during the 1970's.

Notes: Die gegenseitige Beeinflussung von Wirtschaft and Politik wird durch politisch-ökonomische Modelle empirisch erfasst. Es fragt sich, welche wirtschaftspolitischen Möglichkeiten bestehen, wenn die Regierung einen endogenen Bestandteil des politisch-ökonomischen Systems bildet. Als Ansatzpunkte bieten sich die Information and Beeinflussung der Präferenzen der Wähler und der Regierung, die Veränderung der wirtschaftlichen Einschränkungen des Handlungsspielraumes der Regierung and der Verfassungsvertrag an. Die Ratschläge werden grundsätzlich im Interesse der wirtschaftspolitischen Entscheidungsträger gegeben – und nicht unabhängig oder gegen sie. Diese neue Sicht wird der herrschenden Lehre der (quantitativen) Theorie der Wirtschaftspolitik (insbesondere der Theorie optimaler Steuern) sowie der Theorie rationaler Erwartungen gegenübergestellt.

Notes: Colonial rule reflects itself in disproportionately strong trade ties between the colonies and their mother country. The example of the old British Dominions is sometimes cited to suggest that this is the result of cultural and linguistic ties rather than of colonialist exploitation. To evaluate the effect of such cultural ties on trade we examine the trade share held by Spain in the Spanish-speaking countries of Latin America. It is shown that in the early 1960s no effects of cul-tural ties were visible. They had however, become apparent by the beginning of the following decade, in the wake of Spain's rapid industrial growth. Thus while cultural ties are conducive to trade, they are by no means a sufficient condition for it.

Notes: Abouchar Alan (Ed.): The Socialist Price Mechanism.Adler-Karlsson G.: The Political Economy of East-West-South Cooperation.Atlantic Council ofthe United States: GATTPlus-A Proposal for Trade Reform.Bohley Peter: Geühren und Beiträge.Borcherding Thomas E. (Ed.): Budgets and Bureaucrats.Borner Silvio: Die amerikanische Stabilitätspolitik seit 1946.Campbell Colin D. (Ed.): Income Redistribution.Chou Marylin, Harmon David P., Jr., Kahn Herman and Wittwer Sylvan H.: World Food Prospects and Agricultural Potential.Cipolla C. M. and Borchardt K. (Hrsg.): Die Industrielle Revolution.Claassen E. and Salin P. (Eds.): Recent Issues in International Monetaty EconomicsClaussen Peter: Einführung in die Theorie der Inflation.Gabor André: Pricing.Hankel Wilhelm: Weltwirtschaft.Hartley Keith: Problems of Economic Policy.Henderson W. 0.: The Life of Friedrich Engels.Howson Susan and Winch Donald: The Economic Advisory Council 1930–1939.Hutchison T. W.: Knowledge and Ignorance in Economics.International Monetary Fund: The Monetary Approach to the Balance of Payments.Kolm Serge-Christophe: La transition socialiste.Lee Moon H.: Purchasing Power Parity.Macbean Alasdair I. and Balasubramanyam V. N.: Meeting the Third World Challenge.Müller Richard und Röck Werner: Konjunktur- und Stabilisie-rungspolitik.Peffekoven Rolf: Einführung in die Grundbegriffe der Finanzwissenschaft.Regul Rudolf (Hrsg.): Die Europäischen Gemeinschaften und die Mittelmeerländer.Schmitz Wolfgang: Die antizyklische Konjunkturpolitik - eine Illusion.Starbatty Joachim: Erfolgskontrolle der Globalsteuerung.Schumacher Harald: Diversifikation, Wettbewerb und Strukturflexibilität.Slater Lucy Joan: Gem. A General Econometric Matrix Program.Todaro Michael P.: Economic Development in the Third World.Tsoukalis Loukas: The Politics and Economics of European Monetary Integration.

Notes: Bairoch Paul: Commerce extërieur et développement économique de l'Europe au XIXe siècle.Blaug Mark (Ed.): The Economics of the Arts.Böckels Lothar, Scharf Bodo and Widmaier Hans Peter: Machtverteilung im Sozialstaat.Widmaier Hans Peter: Sozialpolitik im Wohfahrtsstaat.Bombach G., Ramser H.J., Timmermann M. and Wittmann W. (Hrsg.): Der Keynesianismus.Brown Murray, Sato Kazuo, and Zarenbka Paul (Eds.): Essays in Modern Capital Theory.Csepinszky A. (Ed.): Input-Output Techniques.Dürr Ernst: Wachstumspolitik.Giersch Herbert: Konjunktur- and Wachstumspolitik in der offenen Wirtschaft.Eckstein Otto (Ed.): Parameters and Policies in the U.S. Economy.Gordon Barry: Political Economy in Parliament 1819-1823.Hayek F. A.: Denationalisation of Money.Heertje Arnold: Economics and Technical Change.Henry Louis: Population: Analysis and Models.Herder-Dorneich Philipp and Groser Manfred: Ökonomische Theorie des politischen Wettbewerbs.Herring Richard J. and Marston Richard C.: National Monetary Policies and International Financial Markets.Horn Ernst-Jürgen: Technologische Neuerungen and internationale Arbeitsteilung.Nau Henry R.: Technology Transfer and U.S. Foreign Policy.Lesourne Jacques: Les systëmes du destin.Luhmann N., Becker H., Ronge V., Meissner W., Offe C. U. a.: Interaktion von Wissenschaft and Politik.Machlup Fritz (Ed.): Economic Integration Worldwide, Regional, Sectoral.Malinvaud Edmond: The Theory of Unemployment Reconsidered.Münnich Frank E.: Einführung in die empirische Makroökonomik.Pitchford John D. and Turnovsky Stephen J.: Applications of Control Theory to Economic Analysis.Posner Richard A.: Antitrust Law: An Economic Perspective.Prais S.J.: The Evolution of Giant Firms in Britain.Schultz Bruno: Kleine deutsche Geldgeschichte des 19. and 20. Jahrhunderts.Shonfield Andrew (Ed.): International Economic Relations of the Western World 1959-1971.Sijben Jac. J.: Money and Economic Growth.Stem Carl H., Makin John H., and Logue Dennis E. (Eds.): Eurocurrencies and the International Monetary System.

Notes: This article uses ordinary least squares to estimate the trade effects of the Latin American Free Trade Association (LAFTA). Estimates are made for total LAFTA and for each member country. The basic models use income, foreign exchange and a proxy for economic integration. The findings indicate that economic integration promoted an expansion of intra-LAFTA trade for all member countries. And most of the increased intra-LAFTA trade was diverted from third countries. The findings also confirm the importance of the foreign exchange constraint for the trade of developing countries. An analysis of the reciprocity of concessions indicates that the effective concessions which Argentina received were less than those it granted to other LAFTA members. More pronounced were the similar findings for Chile and Colombia. In contrast, the ‘favored’, less developed LAFTA members (Ecuador, Paraguay, and Uruguay) received concessions worth many times the value of the concessions which they granted.

Notes: The paper analyzes the trade-off between environmental quality and the gains from trade. For a world with pollutants as a joint product of output it is shown that gains from trade by exporting a pollution-intensively produced commodity are accompanied by a loss of environmental quality and that improving environmental quality will adversely affect the gains from trade. The paper analyzes with a two sector model which adjustment processes occur, if a country untertakes environmental policy. The results are explained diagrammatically. A condition is specified for a positive change in welfare from environmental policy taking into consideration the reduction in the gains from trade. Finally, the paper suggests that in an open economy emission taxes have to be set according to the same rule as in a closed economy, namely in the optimum the emission tax must equal marginal environmental damage prevented.

Notes: This paper empirically investigates the hypothesis that the relationship between migration and welfare runs both ways, that is, welfare both influences and is influenced by welfare levels. The analysis deals with Dutch municipalities and United States cities over the 1960-1970 period. The findings support the hypothesis in both cases.

Notes: ‘[…] the opposing party is indispensable in the judicial process; not because he increases the animosity and belligerence between the parties and not because he permits counsel to give vent to greater eloquence, but in the interest of justice and the judge, for whom the best and easiest method of seeing the whole truth before him, illuminated from all sides, is through the juxtaposition of the opposing claims of the parties.This comparison between the judicial process, based on the opposition of two parties, and the parliamentary system, founded on the struggle between the majority and the opposition, has more than a purely theoretical value; that is, the similarity is more than purely aesthetic. […] To abolish the freedom of the parties and to transform the Parteiprozess into a procedure where all initiative would emanate from the judge […] is equivalent to […] a trial without a trial1.1