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  • Articles  (231)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (231)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
  • 1975-1979  (231)
  • Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying  (231)
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  • Articles  (231)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between fire resistance and fire toleranceThis paper is a contibution from the Division of Building Research, National Research Council of Canada and is published with the approval of the Director of the Division. (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 2 (1978), S. 154-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Much of the information accumulated on the fire resistance of ‘dividing’ elements can be utilized in the design of buildings for fire safety, if the fire tolerance values are converted into fire resistance. Three methods of conversion, one based on the concept of equal temperature-time areas, the second on the concept of equal maximum temperatures, and the third, Law method, are critically examined and handy conversion tools presented. In the case of the ‘key’ elements of buildings, basing the fire safety design on fire resistance information is not recommended.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810020403
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fire hazards of organic materials - small scale assessment of flammability and smoke generation (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 1 (1976), S. 2-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The flammability and smoke generation properties of a number of organic materials used in ships, including laminated materials, rigid and flexible cellular polymers, cable insulting materials and adhesives, have been evaluated. The relative flammabilities were determined by the limiting oxygen index method that gives convenient, reproducible, numerical ratings of materials. Smoke generation was assessed photometrically by measuring light attenuation under standard conditions and is reported in terms of the total amount of smoke generated, as well as the times for the smoke density to reach an arbitrary ‘critical’ level and the maximum value. Materials with low flammability and low smoke generation characteristics have been identified, as well as those that would be hazardous in the event of a fire.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810010103
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Small scale flame-spread testing to BS 476 part 7 (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 1 (1976), S. 24-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: An apparatus based on the BS 476 Part 7 small scale flame-spread specification, which has evolved over a number of years, is described. Many changes from the original simple gas/air furnace have been introduced, which have led to the development of a very useful flame-spread test apparatus where all known variables are precisely controlled. The work has shown that the radiometers described in the standard do not monitor all the variables which affect flame-spread results, and reported problems of reproducibility and variation on the large scale test, may be due to inadequate control of the furnace. The significance of the results is that the use of gas/air radian panels as the basis for flame-spread tests needs to be re-examined. All parameters should be carefully controlled and the entire procedure, particularly regarding the use of pilot ignition sources, needs to be reconsidered. There is an increasing need for test methods which assess materials at radiation intensities beyond that given by small ignition sources. The type of flame-spread apparatus described in the paper may help fulfil this important requirement.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810010107
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Letter to the editor (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 1 (1976), S. 42-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810010110
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Burning plastics: Mechanisms of smoke formation (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 1 (1976), S. 36-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Quantitative pyrolysis gas chromatography studies have been conducted on three grades of cross-linked polyester resin formulated for improved resistance to surface spread of flame. Pyrolysis temperatures from 723 to 1273 K were used, and these values correspond to ‘surface’ temperatures of materials exposed to heat fluxed of 15-149 kW m-2 which are typical of conditions experienced in real fires. Comparison is made with earlier macro studies on the evolution of smoke from plastics materials exposed to similar heat fluxes under an inert atmosphere. There is some correlation between the smoke obscuration data obtained in previous macro studies and the yield of volatile aromatic products evolved on pyrolysis. The presence of flame retardants increases the formation of carbon in the pyrolysis residue and decreases the yield of volatile aromatic products isolated. The results are considered in the context of mechanisms of smoke formation.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810010109
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    News (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 1 (1976), S. i 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810010111
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diary (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 1 (1976), S. i 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810010112
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 1 (1976) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810010201
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of the smoke emission from burning poly-(vinylchloride) plasticized with diisooctylphthalate (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 1 (1976), S. 43-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Smoke evolved from burning poly-(vinychloride) plasticized with diisooctylphthalate has been studied using a light absorption method. It has been shown that the quantity of smoke produced depends upon the oxygen concentration of the oxidizing gas as well as on the concentration of diisooctylphthalate present in the polymer. The results of this work have been analysed using an empirical equation proposed by the authors, which correlates the maximum smoke density (σmax) with oxygen concentration. This equation may be written \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \sigma _{\max } = \sigma _{LOI} \exp (- k(No_2 - LOI)) $$\end{document} where No2 is the molar concentration of oxygen in the oxidizing gas, and LOI refers to the limiting or critical concentration of oxygen at which at the polymer will just burn, as defined by the ASTM test 2863. The effect of various additives, particularly organic iodine compounds, as smoke suppressants has also been investigated.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810010202
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toxicity of pyrolysis and combustion products of poly-(vinyl chloride) (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 1 (1976), S. 57-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The pyrolysis and combustion products of poly-(vinyl chloride) and those of some of its polymer, especially of vinyl chloride with vinylidene chloride, were analysed using gas chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The toxic effect of the individual products on the human organism was evaluated and presumed total toxicity of the poly-(vinyl chloride) combustion products (0.3g PVC products per m3) was determined.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810010205
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