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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shadow price principles applied to regulated pricing of natural gas (1984)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 2 (1984), S. 285-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Regulation ; shadow price ; economics ; markets ; natural gas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Inclusion of the shadow prices for natural gas in a dynamic fuels model for the United States shows that the primary reason for the relatively large, fly-up in new marginal gas prices in the early 1980's was the release of the pent-up price effects of the U.S. government's price regulations. In accordance with principles, the shadow price of natural gas fell siginificantly following de-regulation of the highcost gas (section 107) in 1980, which represented the precursor for downward adjustments in marginal wellhead prices of new high-cost gas and drilling activity. The modeling results show that no significant fly-up in new marginal gas prices for lower-cost gas (section 102) is likely to occur in 1985, when its phased de-regulation ends and it is finally de-regulated, because no shadow price precursor currently exists for this gas. Shadow price principles clear up the primary misconceptions with regard to natural gas pricing. This application indicates the significance of shadow price principles for regulated pricing in general.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01874745
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Initial basis for a national planning model (1984)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 2 (1984), S. 329-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: nation ; technology ; economics ; environment ; tradeoff's ; policy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Analysis of pending national policy takes on greater importance each day to supply policy makers with much needed data on the overall economic effect such policies will have on total employment, income, output, tax revenues, and the general price level throughout the economy. This short paper examines the potential for integration of existing modeling technology into a meaningful national planning model to provide a sound set of economic indices leading to enhanced market efficiency and resource use. Initial efforts at integrated modeling and analysis are described, together with indications of their levels of success in replicating the existing economic environment. Emphasis is placed on determination of shadow prices in a growing economy and their incorporation into the systematic development of a national planning model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01874747
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Constraints on social dilemmas: An institutional approach (1984)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 2 (1984), S. 183-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Tradeoffs ; decisions ; objectives ; games ; policies ; environment ; acid rain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Many contemporary political and economic problems have attributes of social dilemmas. These dilemmas are simply characterized as settings in which individuals have a dominant strategy to not cooperate in collective action. However, this choice results in a Pareto-inferior outcome. Likewise, a dominated strategy exists that results in a Pareto-superior outcome. Where cooperation is absent, this problem has been described as ann-person prisoner's dilemma. This paper discusses the environmental problem of acid rain as such a social dilemma. Relying on a series of laboratory experimental settings, the argument is that many social dilemmas can be resolved through the construction of institutional mechanisms allowing for the coordination of the participant's joint strategies. Policy analysts in particular can profit from focusing on institutional solutions to social dilemmas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01874738
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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