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  • Other Sources  (46)
  • Elsevier  (33)
  • Reimer  (13)
  • 1980-1984  (46)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2024-04-25
    Description: Die Toskana ist die stärkste geothermische Anomalie auf dem europäischen Kontinent. In dieser Anomalie finden sich zahlreiche lokale geothermische Felder mit hoher Enthalpie, wie z.B. das Feld von Travale. In diesem geothermischen Feld, das im Era-Graben liegt, wurden in den Jahren 1980/81 elektromagnetische Messungen durchgeführt. Es war das Ziel der Untersuchungen, die Quelle und die Ursache dieser teilweise bekannten Anomalie zu finden. Hierzu sollte die Verteilung der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit in der Erdkruste bis in Tiefen der Kruste-Mantel-Grenze mit den Methoden der Magnetotellurik und Erdmagnetischen Tiefensondierung untersucht werden. Parallel dazu wurde die geothermische Anomalie von Travale mit einer Vielzahl weiterer elektromagnetischer, seismischer und geochemischer Methoden untersucht. Das Ziel, die geothermische Anomalie in der Erdkruste zu lokalisieren, war nicht einfach zu erreichen. Deshalb war es notwendig, ein Modell der Anomalie zu erarbeiten, aus dem die Lokalität folgen sollte. Vor angegangene elektromagnetische Untersuchungen (HAAK & SCHWARZ 1981) hatten gezeigt, daß nahezu das gesamte Gebiet der Toskana als eine Anomalie der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit anzusehen ist: Gutleitende Deckschichten, mit bis zu 10 km Mächtigkeit, werden von einem hochohmigen Basement unterlagert. An einigen Meßorten deutet sich der Übergangsbereich Kruste / Mantel - in einer Tiefe zwischen 20 und 30 km - durch eine Zone hoher Leitfähigkeit an. Dieser Bereich zeichnet sich durch Lamellen hoher und extrem niedriger seismischer Wellengeschwindigkeiten aus. Petrologisch kann dieses durch eine Wechsellagerung von basischem und saurem Material gedeutet werden. Die zeitlichen Variationen des elektrischen und magnetischen Feldes wurden im geothermischen Feld von Travale in einem breiten Periodenbereich von 6 - 10.000 s registriert. Die Meßorte liegen überwiegend auf zwei Profilen, eines verläuft parallel zum Era-Graben aus der Anomalie heraus nach NW, das zweite schneidet die Anomalie senkrecht zum Graben. Der Meßpunktabstand war mit einigen hundert Metern bis zu mehreren Kilometern sehr dicht, um möglichst alle lateralen Variationen der scheinbaren spezifischen Widerstände beobachten zu können. Es zeigte sich, daß die lateralen Variationen der spezifischen Widerstände im Gebiet von Travale sehr groß waren. Bis zu Perioden von 50-100 s ist der Era-Graben die dominierende zweidimensionale Leitfähigkeitsstruktur. Die gemessenen scheinbaren spezifischen Widerstände sind bei längeren Perioden durch dreidimensionale Leitfähigkeitsstrukturen verzerrt. Die scheinbaren elektrischen Widerstände sind innerhalb der geothermischen Anomalie mit Werten bis zu 50 Qm äußerst klein, während sie nördlich des geothermischen Feldes auf 100-300 Qm ansteigen, um dann etwa 7 km NW der Anomalie wieder deutlich abzufallen. Selbst in der tieferen Kruste werden keine höheren Widerstände angetroffen. Die integrierte Leitfähigkeit weist das geothermische Feld ebenso als eine Anomalie der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit aus, während nördlich davon die "hochohmige Barriere" bestätigt wurde. Aus den Ergebnissen der Seismik und Magnetotellurik wurde ein Modell für die geothermische Anomalie von Travale und die Toskana abgeleitet, das sich in drei Stockwerke gliedert: - Das unterste Stockwerk, die Übergangszone zwischen Oberem Mantel und Unterkruste in 20-30 km Tiefe ist die Quelle auf steigender heißer Gase und Flüssigkeiten. Die Temperatur beträgt etwa 700° C. - Das mittlere Stockwerk ist von tief reichenden, vertikalen Störungen durchsetzt, die einen konvektiven Wärmetransport durch die hydrothermalen Phasen in das oberste Stockwerk erlauben. Im Gebiet von Travale hat sich durch längs- und zum Era-Graben querstreichende Störungen eine ausgeprägte Schwächezone in der Kruste gebildet, die einen besonders intensiven Wärmetransport zuläßt. Der Temperaturgradient wird mit 15° C/km angenommen. - Das oberste Stockwerk besteht aus Sedimenten und kristallinen Formationen, die im wesentlichen von horizontalen Abscherungs- und Störungsflächen durchzogen sind, in denen hydrothermale Phasen zirkulieren. Innerhalb der Basements hat sich so ein zweites Reservoir ausgebildet, welches das bekannte geothermische Reservoir in den Karbonaten in Tiefen von 1-2 km durch ein ausgeprägtes Bruchsystem speist. Die Temperatur ist in 4 km Tiefe mit 400° C sehr hoch. Die augenblicklich geförderten heißen Gase und Wässer sind meteorologischen Ursprungs und werden an der Oberkante des toskanischen Basements aufgeheizt. Aus tektonischer Sicht besteht das oberste Stockwerk aus allochthonen Decken, die während der Orogenese über die Toskana hinweggeschoben wurden. Dieser tektonischen Kompressionsphase folgte eine Phase starker lateraler Dehnungen, die bis heute andauern. Das System von Grabenbrüchen und tiefgreifenden Verwerfungen ist Ausdruck dieser Dehnungstektonik. Die damit verbundenen Störungszonen tragen zu einer Entwässerung und Entgasung der tiefen Erdkruste bei und lassen die hydrothermalen Phasen in das oberste Stockwerk aufs teigen. In ausgeprägte Schwächezonen, die die gesamte Kruste durchziehen und die durch undurchlässige Schichten nach oben abgeschlossen werden, kann sich so ein geothermisches Reservoir ausbilden.
    Description: Tuscany is the strongest geothermal anomaly in continental Europe. Numerous local high enthalpy geothermal fields are to be found within this anomaly, e.g. the Travale field. Electromagnetic soundings have been carried out in this geothermal field, which lies in the Era-Graben, in the years 1980 and 1981. The aim of this study was to find the origin as well as the cause of this partly known anomaly, using the methods of magnetotelluric- and geomagnetic depth soundings to study the distribution of electrical conductivity in the earth's crust downwards to the crust/mantle boundary, at least. Parallel to this study the geothermel anomaly of Travale has been studied with the help of various other methods, including electromagnetic, seismic and geochemical surveys. To localize the geothermal anomaly in the earth's crust was not an easy task. Therefore it seemed to be necessary to develop a model of the anomaly, first, and then to localize it. Earlier electromagnetic investigations (HAAK & SCHWARZ 1981) have shown, that nearly the whole area of Tuscany corresponds to an electrical conductivity anomaly: A well conducting cover, reaching down to 10 km depth is underlain by a high resistive basement. At some places within the geothermal anomaly a zone of high conductivity has been found at the depth of the crust/mantle-boundary (between 20 and 30 km) . Seismic refraction measurements are indicating a wide transition zone between the crust und upper mantle, displayed by alternating high- und extreme low-velocity layers. The time-varying electric- and magnetic fields have been recorded in the Travale area in a broad period range from 6-10.000 s, mainly on two profiles, the one parallel, the other perpendicular to the Era-Graben. The stations have been very close to each other, spacings varied between some hundreds of meters and a few kilometers, to study lateral variations of apparent resistivities within the Graben. In deed, lateral variations of apparent resistivities have been very large in the Travale area. Up to 50-100 s the Era-Graben is the dominating 2D-structure, but for longer periods of investigation the three-dimensionality of the electrical conductivity structure has to be considered. The apparent resistivities inside the geothermal anomaly are extremely low, reaching not more than 50 Gm, even in the lower crust, whereas going up to 100-300 firn north of the geothermal field. Further to NW apparent resistivities are coming down again to 5-5o Gm. Total conductance as well indicates the geothermal field as a local conductivity anomaly, whereas more to the north the poorly conducting "barrier" has been confirmed. Based on the results of the magnetotelluic soundings and those of the seismic survey a geothermal model for the anomaly of Travale as well as for Tuscany has been developed. The crust is built up by 3 stories: - The lowermost story of the transition from the mantle to the crust at 20-30 km depth has to be regarded as the origin of hot gases and fluids. Temperature amounts to 700° C. - The central story is more or less fractured vertically so that pathways allow convective transport of heat by means of hydrothermal fluids to the upper story. In the Travale area a weak crustal zone of faults crossing over has developed, allowing the transport of heat to be very intensive. The temperature gradient is assumed to reach not more than 15° C/km. - The uppermost story consists of sediments and more or less horizontally fractured crystalline formations, filled with hot, circulating fluids. Within the basement a second reservoir has evolved, which feeds the known geothermal reservoir in the carbonate series at 1-2 km depth through fractures and cracks in the top of the basement. The temperature of about 400° C in 4 km depth is extremely high. The actually exploited hot gases and fluids are of meterological origin and heated up at the top of the basement. From the tectonic point of view, the uppermost story consists of allochthonous nappes shifted across Tuscany during orogenesis. This compressive tectonic deformation was followed by strong dilatational forces, which are still active in the whole crust, expressed by the features of graben structures and deep reaching faults. This process gives volatiles and water generated by dehydration in the deep crust the chance to rise to the uppermost story. A basement fractured at the top and an impermeable cover in the uppermost layer will then favour the development of a geothermal reservoir.
    Description: thesis
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:550 ; Geophysik ; Geothermie ; Magnetotellurik
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:book
    Format: 103
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Die regional-geologische Aufnahme im Maßstab 1:100.000 der chilenischen Hauptkordillere zwischen 34° und 34°30' südlicher Breite ließ eine etwa 10.000 m mächtige und verschiedenartig deformierte stratigrapnisehe Abfolge erkennen, die teilweise von Intrusivkörpern durchschlagen ist.
    Description: thesis
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:551.7 ; ddc:551.8 ; ddc:558 ; Paläogeografie ; Magmatismus ; Tektonik ; Geologie
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:book
    Format: 280
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Der Einsatz des LANDSAT-Satellitensystems zur Abbildung nahezu der gesamten Erdoberfläche (Maßstab 1 : 1 000 000) hat den Geowissenschaften, nicht zuletzt der Geologie, neues Datenmaterial erschlossen, das als zusätzliche Information bei der Bearbeitung großer Gebiete herangezogen werden kann. Der multispektrale Ansatz des Satellitensystems, d. h. die Abbildung der Erdoberfläche in verschiedenen Spektralbereichen vom Grün bis zum nahen Infrarot, macht neue Arbeitsmethoden zur Datenanalyse notwendig.
    Description: thesis
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:551.8 ; ddc:550.285 ; Satellitenbildauswertung ; Gesteinsoberfläche ; Gestein ; Klassifikation ; Luftbild
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:book
    Format: 108
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  • 4
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    Unknown
    Reimer
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Die Insel Elba nimmt im Zusammenhang mit der alpinen und apenninen Gebirgskette eine strukturell überaus bedeutende Lage ein. So befindet sich diese größte Insel des toskanischen Archipels auf einer überleitenden Position zwischen dem nordostvergenten Nordapennin und dem westvergenten alpinen Teil Korsikas. Das Gesamtbild Elbas wird von ophiol ithischen Gesteinen mit ihrem sedimentären Auflager bestimmt. Im Ost- und Mittelteil der Insel sind weitgehend Nordapenninverhältnisse gegeben. Die Deformation der toskanischen und ligurischen Einheiten ist streng ostvergent, wobei in den eugeosynkl in〈* len Liguriden, welche klar mit der Bracco-Einheit korreliert werden können, Erscheinungen einer Thermodynamometamorphose fehlen. Dagegen werden auf West-Elba in den Ophiol ithserien enorme Abweichungen schon im Aufschlußbild deutlich, da diese intensiv isoklinal verfaltet und kräftig geschiefert sind.
    Description: Elba, the greatest Island of the Tuscan Archipelago» has an important position within the Alpine and Apenninie chains: It is situated in the transitional zone between the NE-vergent Northern Apennines and the Alpine part of Corsica with Western vergencies. Elba shows a widespread distribution of ophiolitic rocks and their sedimentary cover. In Eastern and Middle Elba there are conditions which are largely similar to those of the Northern Apennines. The tectonic trend of the Tuscan and Ligurian units is clearly eastward. The eugeosyncl inal Ligurides, which can be correllated with the Bracco unit of the Apennines, are not affected by thermodynamometamorphism. In this respect this area differs from the Western part of Elba, where also ophiolitiferous series occur. These however show tight isoclinal folding and strong cleavage.
    Description: thesis
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:554 ; Elba ; Ophiolith ; Tektonik ; Stratigraphie
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:book
    Format: 169
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  • 5
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    Reimer
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Seit gut 20 Jahren wird die Grundwassernutzung im Rahmen des "New Valley Project" stark vorangetri eben . Um eine langfristige Funktionsfähigkeit der Entwicklungsprojekte zu gewährleisten, mußte die Frage der Grundwasserbildung und -herkunft geklärt werden. Radiokarbon-Altersbestimmungen, Isotopenuntersuchungen und hydrochemische Analysen zeigen, daß das Grundwasser des Dakhl a-Beckens fossil ist; eine rezente Grundwasserneubildung ist nicht nachzuweisen. Grundwasserbildung fand letztmals während des letzten Hauptpluvials (〉20.000 Jahre B.P. ) statt, postpluviale Grundwässer wurden nicht nachgewiesen. Das Grundwasser wurde aus Niederschlägen atlantischer Feuchtmassen gebildet, die über eine Westwinddrift in die östliche Sahara gelangten. Die Grundwasserbildung war weitgehend lokal, großräumige Grundwasserbewegung findet nicht statt. Die Möglichkeit von Überläufen fossiler Grundwässer aus Nachbarbecken, wie Nordsudan-Becken und Kufra -Becken , konnte nicht geklärt werden. Aufgrund der analytischen Untersuchungen ist der Aquifer des Dakhl a-Beckens weder regional noch vertikal gliederbar; seine Ausbildung ist bei großräumiger Betrachtung sehr homogen. Wegen der ungleichen Verteilung der Informationen im Dakhla-Becken wurde zur Grundwassermassenberechnung ein dreidimensionales Computermodell entwickelt, das über Regressionen mit Polynomen höherer Ordnung die Volumina des Aquifers errechnete. Soweit überprüfbar, erbrachte das Modell gute Ergebnisse, so daß es künftig auch in Becken angewandt werden kann, von denen noch weniger Informationen vorliegen. Es wurde ein Zeit-Volumen-Modell erstellt, das zum einen den Absenkungsverlauf des Grundwasserspiegels beschreibt, zum anderen die zur Klärung der Grundwassersituation verwendeten Parameter stützt und sie als weitgehend richtig ausweist.
    Description: For about twenty years the use of the groundwater has been increased closely within the frame of the "New Valley Project". The questions of the formation and origin of the groundwater had to be elucidated in order to insure the long time function of the project. The investigations of isotopes, radiocarbon age dating and the hydrochemical analyses indicate the groundwater of the Dakhla Basin to be fossil; a recent formation of groundwater may safely be excluded. The last time groundwater formation occurred was during the last main pluvial (〉20,000 B.P.); there are no indications of postpluvial formation. The groundwater was formed by the precipitation of Atlantic humid air masses which reached the eastern Sahara by western drift. The groundwater formation was mainly local, regional groundwater movement does not occur. The possible overfl ow of fossil groundwater from the neighbouring basins as the North Sudan Basin and the Kufra Basin could not be clarified. Analytical investigations show the aquifer of the Dakhla Basin neither regionally nor vertically divisible; the shape is very nomogeneous over large regions. Since informations about the Dakhla Basin are distributed unevenly for the calculation of the groundwater masses the volumes of the aquifer were calculated using a three dimensional Computer model working with polynomal regressions of higher order. As far as possible the model shows good results; therefore it can be used in the future in basins with even less informations. A model of time and volume was made describing the decrease of the waterhead; the same model supports the Parameters used for the analysis of the groundwater Situation indicating that the Parameters are correct.
    Description: thesis
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:551.4 ; ddc:556 ; Grundwasser ; Ägypten
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:book
    Format: 150
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  • 6
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    Unknown
    Reimer
    In:  SUB Göttingen | ZB 45198:39
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Mit der Abu Bal las Formation sind erstmals unterkretazische marine Ablagerungen innerhalb der Kubischen Gruppe Südwest-Ägyptens nachgewiesen worden. Transgression und Regression erfolgten wahrscheinlich während des Apt. Die Ablagerungen der Formation treten in der Region zwischen dem Gilf Kebir und dem Abu Tartur Plateau zutage, wo sie die fluviatilen Sandsteine der Six Hills Formation (Basal Clastics) im Liegenden von den ebenfalls fluviatilen Sandsteinen der Sabaya Formation (Desert Rose Beds) im Hangenden trennen. Die Abu Bal las Formation besteht lithologisch überwiegend aus roten und grünen Tonsteinen, untergeordnet kommen auch Silt- und Feinsandsteine vor. Die Mächtigkeit beträgt durchschnittlich 20 bis 30 m, örtlich kann sie 45 m erreichen. Nach Westen, Süden und Osten keilt die Formation aus. Die Ablagerungen der Formation lieferten neben etlichen Pflanzenresten eine unerwartet arten- und individuenreiche marine Fauna. Im einzelnen wurden gefunden: Pflanzen: Vier bisher unbekannte Fruktifikationen sowie acht weitere bisher zum Teil unbekannte Pflanzenreste. Foraminiferida: Drei agglutinierende Arten. Scleraciinia: Eine ahermatype Art. Brachiopoda: Eine inarticulate Art. Scaphopoda: Eine Art. Gastropoda: Acht Arten. Bivalvia: 33 Arten. Die Bivalven stellen die umfangreichste Fossilgruppe innerhalb der Fauna dar. Annelida: Eine Art. Arthropoda: Zwölf Arten. Echinoidea: Eine Art. Vertebrata: 14 Arten. Spurenfossilien: 23 Arten. Koprolithen: Vier Formen. Folgende zwei Taxa sind neu aufgestellt worden: Palaeosabellaxda aegyptiaca gen. nov., sp. nov.; Anomoeodus parvulus sp. Nov.. Die Abu Ballas Formation ist in einem sehr flachen Epikontinentalmeer abgelagert worden. Die Wassertiefe betrug in dem Gebiet, in dem die Formation zutage tritt, höchstens etwa 20 m, größtenteils war sie wahrscheinlich bedeutend geringer. Die Salinität des Meereswassers war fast während der gesamten Zeit vermindert, in Küstennähe kam es aber zu starken Schwankungen und kurzfristig auch zu euhalinen Verhältnissen. Es lassen sich mehrere Faziesräume des oberen und mittleren Sublittorals unterscheiden, die durch unterschiedliche Sedimente und durch verschiedene Faunengemeinschaften gekennzeichnet sind. Im Übergangsbereich zwischen mariner und fluviatiler Sedimentation kam es Örtlich zu Deltaschüttungen und zur Ausbildung einer Marsch. Die Apt-Transgression überflutete weite Teile Ägyptens. Lediglich der äußerste Südwesten und der Südosten des Landes sowie große Teile der Eastern Desert und der südliche Sinai blieben Festland.
    Description: The Abu Ballas Formation is the first known Lower Cretaceous marine transgression within the Nubia Group of southwestern Egypt. Transgression and Regression probably happened at Aptian times. The depositions of the formation crop out in the area between the Gilf Kebir and the Abu Tartur Plateau. They are underlain by fluvial deposits of the Six Hills Formation (Basal Clastics) and overlain by fluvial deposits of the Sabaya Formation (Desert Rose Beds). Lithologically the Abu Ballas Formation mainly consists of red and green claystones, siltstones and finegrained sandstones are more rarely. The thickness averages 20 to 30 ms, reaching 45 ms locally. To the west, south, and east the formation wedges out. Aside from several plant remains the formation yields a marine fauna, which is unexpectedly rieh in species and individuals. There were found the following flora and fauna: Plants: Four fructifications unknown till now and eight other partly unknown plant remains. Foraminiferida: Three agglutinated species. Scleractinia: One ahermatypic coral . Brachiopoda: One inarticulate species. Scaphopoda: One species. Gastropoda: Eight species. Bivalvia: 33 species. The Bivalvia represent the most extensive group within the fauna. Annelida: One species. Arthropoda: Twelve species. Echinoidea: One species. Vertebrata: 14 species. Trace fossil s; 23 species. Coprolites: Four forms. The following two new taxa have been established: Palaeosabellaria aegyptiaea gen. nov., sp. nov. (Annelida: Hermell idae) and Anomoeodus parvulus sp. nov. (Hol ostei: Pycnodontidae) .The Abu Ballas Formation has been deposited in a very shallow epi Continental sea. In the area, where the formation crops out, the depth of the water was probably ca. 20 ms at most, usually it was considerably shallower. The salinity was reduced to some degree, near the coast however, it varied in a high extent. For a short time the conditions were euhaline. Several facies of the upper and middle sublittoral can be distinguished, characterised by different Sediments and different faunal associations. In the transitional zone between the marine and the fluviatile facies deltaic and marsh deposits were found locally. This transgression had flooded large areas of Egypt. Only the extreme southwestern part and the southeastern part of the country, probably wide areas of the Eastern Desert too, and the Southern half of the Sinai remained Continental.
    Description: thesis
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:551.77 ; Paläontologie ; Ägypten ; Afrika
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:book
    Format: 187
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Aus feinstratigraphisch aufgenommenen Profilen im kontinentalen Neogen (Jungpliozän-Altpleistozän) der Insel Kos (Dodekanes) werden horizontiert gesammelte Populationen der limnischen Gastropoden-Gattung Viviparus biometrisch untersucht und aufgrund dessen die bestehende taxonomische Aufteilung revidiert. Die Höhe und Breite der allometrischen Gehäuse werden an jeder Windung ermittelt und dargestellt. Diese Daten werden auf signifikante Unterschiede zwischen Populationen geprüft und die verallgemeinerten Trennwerte nach der Häufigkeit aufgetragen. Sie sind meist nahezu normal verteilt. Daraus wird auf ähnliche Variabilität der Populationen geschlossen. Durch die Cluster-Analyse wird die Ähnlichkeit der Individuen jeder Probe hierarchisch geordnet und gezeichnet (Dendrogramme) . Vermuteter Sexual-Dimorphismus der Gehäuse ist wahrscheinlich, kann aber nicht mit Sicherheit bestätigt werden. Im Laufe der Zeit verändern sich glattschalige kontinuierlich zu drei gekielten Formen trotz mehrfachen und deutlichen Milieuwechsels. Damit ist genetisch bedingte evolutive Umgestaltung der Gehäuse wahrscheinlich zu machen. Die Einordnung der Individuen aller Populationen in verschiedene Formklassen verdeutlicht diesen evolutiven Trend. Gleichzeitig treten fünf distinkte Häufigkeitsmaxima übereinander auf. Dadurch ist eine gegenüber anderen Methoden erheblich verfeinerte biostratigraphische Gliederung der ca. 250 m mächtigen nv:- parus- führenden Neogenfolge von Ost-Kos möglich.
    Description: On Kos Island, populations of the limnic gastropod genus Viviparus taken from defined horizons from Neogene (Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene) sequences have been analyzed biometrically and have been revised paleontologically. Height and width of all coils of the allometric Shells have been measured and plotted. These data are examined with respect to significant differences between the populations. The discriminant scores of the samples show approximately Gaussian distributions. From this, a similar variability of the populations is deduced. The similarity of individuals within populations is hierarchically clustered in dendrograms. A supposed sexual dimorphism of the analyzed Shells is probable but has not been confirmed. In spite of several remarkable environmental changes, strongly sculptured forms conti nually develop from smooth Shells in the course of approximately 2 m.y. This proves a genetically controlled development of the various forms, i.e. evolution. By the arrangement of all the individuals in different morphological classes this evolutionary trend is illustrated. Moreover, five distinct maxima of frequency distributions are found. Accordingly, a refined biostratigraphic subdivision of the Neogene sequence bearing Viviparus in eastern Kos (approx. 250 m thick) has been rendered possible.
    Description: A l'Est de l’Tle de Kos (Dodecanese, Grece), des populations d’horizons determines du genre de gasteropodes limniques de Viviparus, provenant d’une sequence ininterrompue du Neogene Continental (Pliocene superieur au Pleistocene inferieur) ont ete etudiees par des methodes statistiques multivariees. Grace ä leurs resultats, une revision du groupement taxonomique existant est effectuee. La hauteur et la largueur de chaque circonvolution des coquilles allometriques sont mesurees et presentees graphiquement. Ces dates morphometriques sont examinees quant aux differences significatives dont leurs distances general isees sont tracees en distributions de frequence. Celles-ci sont pour la plupart normalement distribuees. De lä est deduite une variabilite ressemblante des populations. La ressemblance des individus de chaque faune est evaluee par l'analyse des similarites et tracees hierarchiquement en forme de dendrogrammes . II en res ulte la vraisemblance d'un dimorphisme sexuel de ces coquilles du genre Viviparus. Au cours de 2 millions d'annees environ, des formes lisses se sont developpees conti nuellement en forme multicarenees malgre plusieurs changements ecologiques prononces. Ainsi, le developpement de la forme de coquilles, genetiquement controllee, donc son evolution, peut etre constate. Le classement des individus de chaque population en dix types morphologiques differents precise cette tendance evolutive. En plus, cinq maxima de distributions de frequence sont nettement ä distinguer. De ce fait resulte, en comparaison avec d'autres methodes appliquees jusqu'ä present, une subdivision biostratigraphique plus detaillee de la sequence neogene de 1'Tie de Kos, epaisse de 250 m environ.
    Description: thesis
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:564.3 ; Gastropoda ; Paläontologie ; Kos
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:book
    Format: 138
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  • 8
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    Reimer
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Unter der Bezeichnung "Scaglia" wird im Südalpin und im Nordapennin eine Folge überwiegend pelagischer, kreide- und tertiärzeitlicher Sedimente zusammengefaßt, die aus bunten Tonschiefern, Mergeln und Kalken besteht. Zusätzlich können detritische Kalke, Breccien und Konglomerate auf treten. Die in der vorliegenden Arbeit behandelten Scaglia-Sedimente der Toskanischen Decke ("Scaglia Toscana“) konnten nach ihrer Lithofazies sechs Formationen zugeordnet werden. Mit Hilfe mikropaläontologischer Untersuchungen an pelagischen Foraminiferen wurden die Ablagerungen biostrati graphisch datiert; sie repräsentieren den Zeitraum Alb – Oligozän. Zahlreiche im Gelände auf genommene Schichtfolgen wurden lithofaziell und biostrati graphisch bearbeitet. Die Profile wurden korreliert und in einem standardisierten Normal profil zusammengefaßt. Es zeigte sich, daß die Verbreitung der Fazies typen sowie ihre Mächtigkeit von einer Beckenkonfi guration abhängt, die bereits seit dem Lias erkennbar ist. Eine generelle Umgestaltung des Ablagerungsraumes an der Wende Unter-/Oberkreide, wie sie als Folge der paläoapenninen Phase von verschiedenen Autoren angenommen wurde, konnte nicht nachgewiesen werden. Aus der Abfolge der mesozoischen bis alttertiären Ablagerungen läßt sich vielmehr im Zentrum des Sedimentationsraumes ein Hochgebiet mit lückenhafter und geringmächtiger Sedimentation rekonstruieren, welches vom älteren Jura bis in das Eozän hinein Bestand hatte und beiderseits von Becken mit mächtigeren und vollständigeren Schichtfolgen gesäumt wurde. Diese Schwellenregion wird als "Zentral toskanisches Hochgebiet" bezeichnet und entspricht teilweise der von BOCCALETTI & BORTOLOTTI (1965) rekonstruierten "Dorsale costiera". Im Oligozän - ?Miozän wurden diese morphologischen Strukturen entland der Linie Livorno-Sillaro in zwei gegeneinander versetzte Blöcke zerlegt. Die paläoapennine Phase (Wende Unter-/Oberkreide) sowie auch die ligurische Phase (Eozän), die in den internen Bereichen des Nordapennins (Ligurikum) zu einer bedeutenden Umgestaltung der Sedimentationsraume führten, dokumentieren sich in der Schichtfolge der Toskanischen Decke lediglich im vermehrten Auftreten von Breccien, Konglomeraten und ersten ganz lokal vorkommenden Grauwackenschüttungen. Im Neokom und verstärkt mit Beginn der Scaglia-Sedimentation im Alb und damit auch zeitgleich mit der palaoapenninen Phase, setzt im toskanischen Abi agerungs raum außerdem von NE her die Schüttung detritischer Kalke ein. Diese füllen zunächst das Becken östlich des Zentral toskanischen Hochgebietes ; vom Eozän ab greifen sie auch auf die westlichen Gebiete über. Diese detritischen Kalke der Scaglia Toscana zeigen Sedimentstrukturen wie sie für Turbiditablagerungen typisch sind. Sie müssen als Kalkflysch angesprechen werden, der sich mit normal sedimentierten Ablagerungen verzahnt. Die Scaglia Toscana kann deshalb nicht mehr als rein pelagische Schichtfolge der Präflyschphase angesehen werden, sondern repräsentiert, wenigstens in Teilen, schon das volle Flyschstadium des Drögens.
    Description: In the Southern Alps and in the Northern Apennines the name "Scaglia" is used for a mainly pelagic, cretaceous to tertiary sedimentary sequence which is composed of variegated clayey shales, marls and limestones. In this succession detrital limestones, breccias and conglomerates may occur as well. The Scaglia Sediments of the Tuscan Nappe ("Scaglia Toscana") examinated in the present study were subordinated to six forma tions according to their lithofacies. The Sediments were dated biostratigraphically by means of micropaleontological studies on pelagic foraminiers; they represent the period between Albian and Oligocene. Detailed field investigations and biostratigraphical datings of numerous strati graphical sequences allowed a correlation of serial sec tions and a summari za tion to a Standard! zed columnar section. It was evident that the distribution of the different facies types as well as their thickness depends on a bas in topography which is recognizable since Liassic times. A general transformation of the deposition area at the boundary of Lower and Upper Cretaceous as a consequence of the "Paleoapenninic Phase", postulated by several authors, could not be proved. From the sequence of the Mesozoic to Paleogene sediments one could rather reconstruct a ridge characterized by thin Sedimentation and Stratigraphie gaps in the centre of the deposition area. This rise existed from the Juras sic up to the Eocene and was accompanied on both sides by bas ins with thicker and more complete strati graphical sequences. This ridge is called "Central Tuscan Ridge" ("Zentral toskanisches Hochgebiet") and corresponds partly to the "Dorsale costiera" reconstructed by BOCCALETTI & BORTOLOTTI (1965). In the Oligocene - (?)Miocene these morphological structures were divided into two blocks which were displaced versus each other along the Livorno-Sillaro-Structure. The "Paleoapenninic Phase" (Lower/Upper Cretaceous) as well as the "Ligurian Phase" (Eocene) which initiated significant translocations in the inner areas of the Northern Apennines (Ligurids), are documented within the sequence of the Tuscan Nappe only by an increasing occurrence of breccias, conglomerates and a first local accumulation of graywackes. In the Neocomian and even more intensive with the beginn! ng of Scaglia-sedimentation and therefore contemporaneous with the "Paleoapenninic Phase", in the Tuscan area the accretion of detrital limestones begins from NE. At first these limestones fill up the bas in east of the Central Tuscan Ridge and from the Eocene on they also start spreading out towards Western areas. These detrital Times tones of the Scaglia Toscana show sedimentary fabrics typical of turbidites. They represent a carbonate facies which interfingers with normal sedimentated depositions. Thus the Scaglia Toscana can no longer considered a pure pelagic sequence of the pre-flysch period but represents, at least in parts, the flysch stage of the orogene.
    Description: Nel Sudalpino e nel Appennino settentrionale con il nome di "Scaglia" viene intesa una sequenza di sedimenti per lo piü pelagici, di etä Cretaceo-Terziaria, ehe e costituita da scisti argillosi policromi, marne e calcari; possono essere presenti anche calcari detritici, brecce e conglomerati. I sedimenti della Scaglia della Falda Toscana (Scaglia Toscana) trattati nel presente lavoro, potrebbero venire attribuiti, in base al la loro litofacies, a sei formazioni. Con l'aiuto di ricerche micropaleontologiche su foraminiferi pelagici le fasi di sedimentazione sono state datate in un periodo tra l'Albiano e l’Oligocene. Numerose sequenze di strati osservate in campagna sono state esaminate sia dal punto di vista della litofacies ehe da quello biostratigrafico. Le sezioni strati graf i ehe sono state correlate e vengono rappresentate da una sezione Standard. Si e notato ehe la diffusione dei tipi di facies come pure il loro spessore sia dipeso dal la presenza di un bacino esistente giä dal Lias. Contrariamente a quanto e stato affermato da vari autori , non si e potuto di mostrare un cambiamento dei bacini di sedimentazione nel periodo tra il Cretaceo inferiore e quello superiore, come conseguenza della fase paleoappeninica. Dalle sequenze sedimentarie dal Mesozoico al Paleogene si lascia ricostruire nel centro del bacino di sedimentazione una regione elevata con sedimentazione incompleta e scarsa, ehe e esistita dal Giurassico inferiore fino all'Eocene ed era circondata dall'una e dall’altra parte da bacini con sequenze sedimentarie complete e di grande spessore. Questa regione montuosa e ondulata e indicata con il nome di "Dorsale Toscana centrale” ( "Zentral toskanisches Hochgebiet") e corrisponde in parte al la "Dorsale costiera" ricostruita da BOCCALETTI & BORTOLOTTI (1965). Nell ‘Oligocene - (?)Miocene queste strutture morfologiche sono state divise in due blocchi rivolti l’uno contro l'altro. La fase paleoappeninica (tra Cretaceo inf. e sup.) e la fase ligure (Eocene), ehe nelle zone interne del Nord Appenino (Ligurico) hanno portato ad un notevole cambiamento dei bacini di sedimentazione, sono documentate nel la sequenza sedimentaria della Falda Toscana tramite la presenza di brecce, conglomerati e le prime deposizioni di grovacke. Nel Neocomiano e ancor piü con 1‘inizio della sedimentazione della Scaglia nell ’Albiano, contemporaneamente alla fase paleoappeninica, comincia nel bacino toscano la sedimentazione di calcari detritici da NE. Questi riempiono dapprima il bacino posto al lato orientale della "Dorsale Toscana centrale"; dall'Eocene in poi si diffondono anche nella zona occidentale. Questi calcari detritici della Scaglia Toscana mostrano strutture sedimentarie tipiche delle turbiditi. Essi devono venire considerati flysch cal carei i quali si intercalano alla sedimentazione normale. Per questo motivo la Scaglia Toscana non puo piü essere considerata una pura sequenza pelagica della fase preorogenica ma rappresenta, almeno in parte, giä il pieno stadio del flysch, durante l'orogenesi.
    Description: thesis
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:551 ; Sediment ; Geologie ; Oligozän
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:book
    Format: 134
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Die Untersuchungen der Grundwasserbeschaffenheit und der hydrogeologischen Zusammenhänge erstrecken sich auf das nördliche Stadtgebiet von Berlin (West), das ein Teil des Einzugsgebietes der oberen Havel ist. Das betrachtete Grundwassersystem erfaßt die im Hangenden des mittel oligozänen Septarientons in normaler stratigraphischer Abfolge ausgebildeten Ablagerungen des Oberoligozäns, Miozäns und Pleistozäns Die Mächtigkeiten der auftretenden Schichtfolgen sind abhängig von einer durch Salzbewegungen verursachten Aufwölbung im NE und einer im W gelegenen Salz-Emigrationszone. Folglich treten die größten Mächtigkeiten (ca. 380 m) im W des Untersuchungsgebietes auf. Die pleistozänen Ablagerungen erreichen ihre größten Mächtigkeiten im Bereich einer Erosionsrinne, die im mittleren Teil des Untersuchungsgebietes bis in den Septarienton eingeschnitten ist. Die Betrachtung der Druck- und Fließverhältnisse zeigt sowohl für das tiefere, gespannte Grundwasser der tertiären Schichtfolgen als auch für den oberen Grundwasserleiter einen hauptsächlich nach SW gerichteten Grundwasserabstrom. Für die Potentialdifferenzen zwischen dem oberen und dem gespannten Grundwasser kann in den Bereichen großer Grundwasserentnahmen ein relatives Ansteigen der Druckfläche des tieferen Grundwassers erkannt werden. Die höhere Druckfläche des tieferen Grundwassers weist, in Abhängigkeit von der Durchlässigkeit der stauenden Schichten, auf ein Aufsteigen tieferer Grundwässer hin. Dies wird bekräftigt durch die Ergebnisse der geothermischen Untersuchungen, die für die entsprechenden Bereiche eine großflächige positive geothermische Anomalie erkennen lassen. Der Chemismus der untersuchten Grundwässer läßt im allgemeinen mit zunehmender Tiefe eine Abnahme der Gesamtmineralisation erkennen. Die durchschnittliche Gesamtmineralisation der tieferen Grundwässer liegt mit 15.07 mval/1 unter der des Grundwassers der pleistozänen Schichten (17.38 mval/1). Die räumliehe Betrachtung der Mineralisationsverteilung läßt für die tieferen Grundwässer im NE- und SE-Teil des Untersuchungsgebietes eine erhöhte Mineralisation erkennen, die hauptsächlich auf höhere Kalziumsulfatgehalte zurückzuführen ist. In westlicher Richtung kommt es, durch Reduktionsvorgänge, zu einer Abnahme der Mineralisation. Im tieferen Bereich der Rinne und in den oberoligozänen Schichtfolgen läßt sich das Auftreten von alkalihydrogenkarbonathaltigen Wässern erkennen, deren Entstehung auf Ionenaustauschvorgänge zurückzuführen ist. Die Spurenmetallgehalte zeigen im Grundwasser der tertiären Schichtfolgen, bedingt durch die auftretenden Gesteine, für die Elemente Aluminium, Kupfer und Zink deutlich höhere mittlere Gehalte. Die gegenüber dem Grundwasser der oberoligozänen Schichtfolgen höheren mittleren Bor-, Kupfer- und Nickelgehalte im Grundwasser der miozänen Schichten stehen in Verbindung mit der primären Anreicherung dieser Elemente in den organischen Ablagerungen des Miozäns. Für das Auftreten der Elemente Chrom (III), Strontium und Eisen lassen sich keine Unterschiede zwischen dem tiefen und dem oberflächennahen Grundwasserleiter erkennen.
    Description: The quality of groundwater and hydrogeological relationships of the northern part of the town of Berlin (West), a catchment area of the upper part of the river Havel, were investigated. The observed groundwater System belongs to the stratas above the middle oligocene "Septarienton", in the normal sequence of upper oligocene, miocene and pleistocene. The thicknesses of the occuring layers are influenced by a salt dorne in the NE and a rim syncline in the W, caused by salt tectonics. Consequently the greatest thickness (~380m) is found in the Western part of the investigated area. The pleistocene deposits obtain their greatest thickness in the area of an erosion channel which is in the middle of the investigated area, incised into the middle oligocene Septarienton. The investigations of the relations between artesian head and groundwater flow of the deeper confi ned groundwater in the tertiary strata and of the upper aquifer proved a groundwater flow mainly in southwestern direction. The potential differences between the upper and the confined groundwater shows in the areas of ground-water lowering a relative rising of the hydrostatic pressure of the deeper groundwater. The higher artesian head of the deeper groundwater points to a rise of deeper groundwater, dependent on the permeability of the less permeable layers. This is confi rmed by the results of the geothermical investigations, which show a great positiv geothermal anomal y for these areas. The Chemical composition of the investigated groundwater shows a decreasing total mineral isation with increasing depth. The average total -mineral isation of the deeper groundwater of 15.07 mval/1 lies beneath the level of the groundwater of pleistocene layers (17.38 mval/1). Spacial observations of the mineral isation-distribution show a higher mineral isation for the deeper groundwater in the NE- and SE-part of the investigated area, which is mainly based on a higher calcium-sulfat-content. In the W a decrease of mineral isation, caused by reduction processes, can be observed. In the deeper part of the channel and in the upper oligocene layers an occurrence of alkali-hydrogencarbonat-water, caused by ion-exchange reactions, is recognizable. Trace-metalls contents in the groundwater of the tertiary layers have a definite higher average content of the elements Al, Cu and Zn, caused by the occuring Sediments. The concentration of B, Cu and Ni is higher in the groundwater of the miocene layers than in the groundwater of the upper oligocene layers, this is caused by the primary enrichment of these elements in the organic deposits of the miocene. There are no differences recognicable between the upper and the lower aquifers concerning the occurrence of the elements Co(III), Sr and Fe.
    Description: Les recherches concernant la composition de l'eau souterraine et les relations hydro-geologiques Interessent la partie nord de la ville de Berlin (Ouest), qui fait partie de l'aire d'al imentation de la Havel superieure. Le Systeme de l'eau souterraine considere englobe les Sediments de l'oligocene superieur, du miocene et du pleistocene, surmontant strati graphiquement les couches de l'oligocene moyen (Septarienton). Les puissances des differentes series strati graphiques sont influencees par un bombement au Nord-Est, du ä une tectonique salifere, et par une zone d'emigration salifere situee a' l’ouest. En consfequence les puissances maximales (environ 380m) apparaissent dans la partie ouest du terrain analyse. Les formations du pleistocene atteignent leur plus grande epaisseur au niveau d'une gouttiere d'erosion pentue, encaissee dans la partie moyenne du terrain analyse jusqu'au Septarienton. L'observation des conditions de pression et d'ecoulement montre, tant pour l'eau souterraine profonde et captive des suites de couches tertiaires, tant pour les aquiferes superieurs, un ecoulement principalement vers le Sud-Ouest. Pour les differences de pression entre les eaux souterraines superieures et captives on note dans les terrains, desquels on preleve beaucoup d'eau, un soulevement relatif de la surface de pression de l'eau souterraine profonde. Le plus haut plan de pression de celle-ci indique donc que les eaux souterraines profondes montent en fonction de la permeabilite des couches accumulees. Ceci est renforce par les resultats des analyses geothermiques, qui montrent une anomal ie geothermique positive sur une grande surface des terrains en question. Les caracteri stiques hydrogeochimiques des eaux souterraines analysees font apparaTtre en general une diminution de la mineral isation totale en fonction de 1 ’augmentation de la profondeur. La mineral isation totale moyenne des eaux profondes souterraines est avec 15.07 mval/1 inferieure ä celle des eaux profondes des couches pleistocenes(17. 38 mval/1). La repartition horizontale de la mineral isation laisse apparaTtre pour les eaux profondes de la partie Nord-Est et Sud-Est du terrain analyse une mineral isation surelevee, qui est due principalement a une haute teneur en Sulfate de calcium. Vers 1 'ouest, la mineral isation diminue par l'effet de processus de rfeduction. Dans les terrains du fond de la gouttiere et dans les series de couches de l'oligocene superieur on remarque l'apparition d'eaux contenant du NaHCOp provenant du processus de changements des ions. Les teneurs de metaux traces dans les eaux souterraines des series tertiaires montrent nettement-conditionne par les roches y apparaissant- des valeurs moyennes elevees pour l’aluminium, le cuivre et le zinc. Les teneurs moyennes en bore, cuivre et nickel des eaux souterraines des couches du miocene, surelevees par rapport aux eaux souterraines des couches de l'oligocene superieur, sont en relation avec l'enrichissement primaire de ces elements dans les gisements organiques du miocene. En ce qui concerne la repartition des eie ments chrome( III), Strontium et fer aucune difference est notable entre les aquiferes profonds et ceux pres de la surface.
    Description: thesis
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:553.79 ; Grundwasser
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:book
    Format: 98
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2024-04-18
    Description: Das Untersuchungsgebiet der vorliegenden Arbeit ist der westliche und nordwestliche Rand der Adriaplatte bis in den Bereich der Vortiefen nördlich und östlich des Apennins sowie der Kontaktbereich der Adriaplatte zur europäischen Platte im Westalpenbogen und im Gebiet des Ligurischen Meeres. Für dieses Areal werden Aufbau und Struktur der Erdkruste beschrieben.
    Description: thesis
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:551.13 ; Geophysik ; Erdkruste ; Geothermische Anomalie
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:book
    Format: 122
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  • 11
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    Reimer
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar
    Publication Date: 2024-04-18
    Description: Die Erdkruste und der obere Erdmantel Westeuropas sind in den letzten 30 Jahren intensiv durch refraktionsseismische Messungen erforscht worden. Die Daten und Ergebnisse sind in zahlreichen Arbeiten veröffentlicht worden. Abgesehen von einigen regionalen Zusammenfassungen fehlt bislang jedoch eine überregionale Gesamtdarstellung dieses umfangreichen Materials. Es ist das Ziel dieser Arbeit, die in zahlreichen Publikationen verstreuten Einzeldaten und Ergebnisse zu sammeln, unter einheitlichen Gesichtspunkten auszuwerten und die Ergebnisse in einer Reihe von Karten darzustellen. Aus verschiedenen Publikationen, Forschungsberichten und den Archiven des geophysikalischen Institutes der Freien Universität Berlin wurden insgesamt 360 Sei smogrammon tagen in reduzierter Form (V = 6 km/s) gesammelt.
    Description: thesis
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:554 ; Seismic refraction method
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:book
    Format: 142
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  • 12
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    Reimer
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar
    Publication Date: 2024-04-18
    Description: In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde ein numerisches Verfahren für die zweidimensionale Simulation stationärer Strömung in porösen Medien entwickelt. Dabei können Modelle mit anisotroper Permeabilität und Wärmeleitfähigkeit ebenso berechnet werden wie Modelle in geneigten und gekrümmten Gebieten. Das Verfahren basiert auf einer Finite-Differenzen-Methode mit einem Schema 2. Ordnung (Il'in-Schema). Für das nichtlineare Gleichungssystem wird ein Iterationsansatz mit einer Art Mehrgittermethode verwendet. Um den großen Anwendungsbereich des entwickelten Verfahrens zu demonstrieren, wird es auf zwei unterschiedliche Fragestellungen aus der Hydrothermik und der Schneemetamorphose angewendet.
    Description: thesis
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:550 ; Wärmeübertragung ; Schnee ; Porosität
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:book
    Format: 118
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  • 13
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    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, Elsevier, vol. 14 B, pp. 225, (ISBN 3-7643-7011-4)
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Applied geophysics ; seismic Migration ; Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Acoustics
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  • 14
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    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, Elsevier, vol. Developments in Petroleum Science vol. 15A, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 9, (ISBN: 0-12-636380-3)
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Borehole geophys. ; Textbook of geophysics ; GFZ ; RUB ; GMG ; 3.45.8 ; UniL ; IfGuG ; in ; Französisch
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  • 15
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    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, 253 pp., Elsevier, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1-40, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Publication Date: 1983
    Keywords: Textbook of geophysics ; Acoustics ; Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Waves ; Wave propagation
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  • 16
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    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, Elsevier, vol. 81A and 81B, no. 22, pp. 65-70, (1405101733, 336 p.)
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Textbook of geophysics ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses !
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  • 17
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    Elsevier
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Signal Processing II: Theories and Applications, Bath, Elsevier, vol. 186, no. XVI:, pp. 689-692, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Publication Date: 1983
    Keywords: Seismology ; Seismic arrays ; Spectrum ; Broad-band ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; f-k-Analysis ; Schuessler ; Schussler
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  • 18
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    Elsevier
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Signal Processing II: Theories and Applications, Leiden, Elsevier, vol. 11, no. XVI:, pp. 673-680, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Publication Date: 1983
    Keywords: Seismology ; Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Filter- ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; Schuessler ; Schussler
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  • 19
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    Elsevier
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Computer-aided Seismic Analysis and Discrimination, London, Elsevier, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 97-109, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Group veloc. ; Velocity analysis
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  • 20
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    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, I-VII + 329 pp., Elsevier, vol. 1, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 127, (ISBN 3-540-44363-0)
    Publication Date: 1980
    Keywords: Geothermics ; application ; and ; prospection ; Earthquake hazard ; nuclear ; power ; plants ; Earthquake risk ; solar ; Energy (of earthquakes) ; pollution ; FROTH ; pp. ; 1-81, ; 279-288
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  • 21
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    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, Elsevier
    Publication Date: 1980
    Keywords: Seismology ; Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Wave propagation ; Waves ; Textbook of geophysics
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  • 22
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    Elsevier
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., Signal Processing II: Theories and Applications, Orlando, Elsevier, vol. 37, no. 16, pp. 681-684, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)
    Publication Date: 1983
    Keywords: Detectors ; Seismic arrays ; Seismology ; Schuessler ; Schussler
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  • 23
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    Elsevier
    In:  Animal Behaviour, 28 (4). pp. 1123-1126.
    Publication Date: 2017-02-01
    Description: Pairs of individually recognizable male Octopus vulgaris were observed in a large seawater tank containing two suitable homes (brick pots or plastic buckets). None of the animals established exclusive occupancy of one home and for much of the time both animals were associated together at the same site. Usually one of the two homes was preferred and its occupant was most likely to be the larger animal, or the earlier resident if they were of equal size. Large animals were observed to take food forcefully from smaller octopus. An arm alignment interaction is described which, it is suggested, may be a means by which two octopuses establish their relative sizes.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 24
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    Elsevier
    In:  Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 76 (2). pp. 541-556.
    Publication Date: 2016-11-30
    Description: A general method for simulating aerosol size distribution dynamics is developed. The method, based on dividing the particle size domain into sections and dealing only with one integral quantity in each section (e.g., number, surface area, or volume), has the advantages that the integral quantity is conserved within the computational domain and coagulations between all particle sizes are properly accounted for. To demonstrate the simplicity and accuracy of the method for a practical problem, the evolution of a power plant plume aerosol undergoing coagulation is simulated.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 25
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    Elsevier
    In:  Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 75 (2). pp. 171-190.
    Publication Date: 2016-04-25
    Description: The exchange of inorganic nutrients; ammonium, nitrate and reactive phosphate between burrows of the infaunal polychaete Nereis virens Sars and the overlying water was assessed using V-shaped sediment cores. Exchange was determined by monitoring ventilation current and nutrient concentration of in- and excurrent water. Ammonium supply appeared independent of overlying water concentrations, showing a constant release of 0.5 μmol·h−1 (for a 2-g individual + burrow system) at concentrations from 2 to 87 μM. Of this release ≈40% originated from worm excretion, and the rest from microbial mineralization. Nitrate and phosphate exchange appeared very sensitive to overlying water concentrations, having equilibrium (zero flux) at 10–15 and 3 μM, respectively. Below these concentrations nitrate showed a slight release (due to nitrification), whereas phosphate was released at a rate of 3.2 × 10−2 μmol·h−1 at 1 μM (mineralization and desorption). Above equilibrium they both were removed during water passage through worm burrows, reaching 0.4 μmol·h−1 for nitrate at 107 μM (nitrate reduction) and 3.7 × 10−2 μmol·h−1 for phosphate at 5.6 μM (adsorption processes). The burrow system apparently acted as a buffer for phosphate and, to some degree, nitrate in the overlying water. At the study site (Norsminde Fjord estuary) nereid burrows were estimated to increase the sediment-water interface 150%. About 17% of the water column was cycled through the sediment by Nereis each day. The worm + burrow system was estimated to release 95 μmol· m−2·h−1 ammonium to the overlying water, which was ≈76–90% of the total release of ammonium from the sediment (30–36% was worm excretion).
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2016-04-08
    Description: Acoustic basement lies at an average of between 6.0 and 6.5 sec two-way time below sea level in the southern Rockall Trough and northern Porcupine Abyssal Plain. The overlying sedimentary succession reaches maximum thicknesses of at least 4.0 sec, and can be divided by 3 regionally-developed seismic reflecting horizons, which are used as a framework to establish an acoustic stratigraphy for the area by selecting three “type” seismic sections. These reflectors are named, in ascending order, Shackleton, Charcot and Challenger. The area is crossed by E—W basement high structures, the Clare Lineament (which may be an easterly extension of the Charlie Gibbs Fracture Zone), that separates the Porcupine Abyssal Plain from the eastern part of southern Rockall Trough. Under the latter, the post-Shackleton acoustic sequence is thickened, as if dammed to the north of the Clare Lineament, whilst a further thickening, above reflector Charcot, occurs along a NE—SW line somewhat farther north into the southern Rockall Trough. This can also be related to shallow-lying acoustic basement features. Pre-Shackleton sediments overlie a very irregular basement topography. The acoustic characters of the various sediment packages are described and it is speculated that major changes in the sedimentary environments took place across reflectors Shackleton and Challenger, the latter probably establishing the modern bottom current circulation patterns. No ages can be unequivocally assigned to the main reflectors, but previously published data suggest a late Eocene—Oligocene age for Challenger. Possible lavas or sills are identified in the succession between reflectors Shackleton and Charcot.
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2016-04-08
    Description: Isopach asymmetry, and sediment component changes in DSDP cores from the SE Atlantic (Orange Basin) support the hypothesis of major drainage system changes in SW Africa during late Cretaceous—Cenozoic time. This involved alternations in the use of the 28°S (modern Orange River) and 31°S (modern Olifants River) exit points across the western escarpment by rivers carrying run-off from the Upper Orange/Vaal catchment areas, as well as radical re-organizations of internal drainage geometry. It is postulated that during late Cretaceous times the 28°S exit was used, with the Middle Orange River following a course in the interior well to the south (up to 150 km) of its modern channel. Sediment discharge rates from this river were relatively high (at least 10 × 106 m3 yr−1), and resulted in rapid advancement of the continental margin sediment prism west of the mouth by large-scale slumping. The Palaeogene Orange/Vaal river exit was via the 31°S escarpment crossing, and during the later part of this period, the Cape Canyon was cut across the continental shelf and slope. A significant reduction in sediment discharge (to 2.0 × 106 m3 yr−1) suggests that the Lower Tertiary climate for SW Africa was drier than that of late Cretaceous times. However, aridity did not commence until late Miocene times, when the Orange/Vaal discharge had switched back to the 28°S exit. Modern sediment discharge rates (6.5 × 106 m3 yr−1) are relatively high and reflect soil erosion caused by agricultural activity. The two major alterations in exit point of the Orange/Vaal (late Cretaceous—early Tertiary, and late Oligocene—early Miocene) are related to periods of low sea level, which promoted river capture adjacent to the western escarpment. An additional factor in the first course change may have been the disruption of the Middle Orange channel by late Cretaceous igneous intrusions. Less important internal reorganizations of the drainage system are postulated in late Miocene—Pleistocene times. Economic implications for offshore diamond distribution are briefly mentioned.
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2016-04-12
    Description: Large Neogene slumps have affected over 260,000 km2 of the outer continental margin and adjacent Cape Basin off southwestern Africa. Individual structures cover areas up to 68,700 km2 and proximally are commonly composed of huge rotated sediment blocks up to 450 m thick and several kilometers across. Seismic shocks, possibly in conjunction with lower-slope undercutting by bottom-current erosion, are suggested as possible trigger mechanisms for these features which are all thought to be post-Pliocene (possibly Pleistocene) in age. Older slumps are also recognized along the margin and four cycles of sedimentation/slumping are identified: early Upper Cretaceous (I); late Upper Cretaceous (II); Palaeogene (III); and Neogene (IV). In the main part of the Orange Basin depocentre (west of Childs Bank) the Cretaceous slump styles are thought to represent Mississippi delta-type down-slope sediment cascades (with reverse faulting and mud diapirism) over 1 km thick which resulted from very rapid dumping of terrigenous material from the Orange River. Cainozoic slumps show a different tectonic style and locus and this is thought to reflect a change in sedimentation patterns which resulted from lower terrigenous input onto the margin, higher biogenic/authigenic sedimentation, and slowed crustal subsidence. A connection possibly exists between low sea level stands and the Cainozoic episodes of slumping.
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  • 29
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    Reimer
    In:  In: Nomadismus- ein Entwicklungsproblem? : Beiträge zu einem Nomadismus-Symposium, veranstaltet in der Gesellschaft für Erdkunde zu Berlin vom 11. - 14. Februar 1982. Abhandlungen des Geographischen Instituts, Anthropogeographie, 33 . Reimer, Berlin, Germany, pp. 207-216. ISBN 3-496-00310-3
    Publication Date: 2015-11-27
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2016-05-30
    Description: A geochemical rock- and soil-sampling program was carried out in the vicinity of eight concealed “Cyprus type” deposits, occurring in marginal mafic to intermediate metapillow lavas of the Troodos Ophiolite Complex. The mineralization of massive and stockwork sulfide ore is characterized by the predominance of pyrite, intergrown with less chalcopyrite and minor amounts of sphalerite. Background values of Hg are in the range of 8–12 ppb for soils and 3–6 ppb for surface rocks. Anomaly/background ratios of 10:1 (soils) and 5:1 (rocks) have been found only, where Hg migrated along channels formed by faults cutting shallow-seated mineralization. Here, Hg sometimes shows significant correlations with Cu, Zn, Ba and exceptionally with Co. However in one case an Hg anomaly in soils and surface rocks was detected directly over a deposit. The use of Hg as indicator element for these types of deposits is therefore limited. Buried mineralization may be delineated more distinctly by Cu, Zn and Ba.
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2019-05-02
    Description: The squid Loligo opalescens (Cephalopoda, Mollusca) was reared in artificial sea water in a closed system consisting of two 1300-l circular tanks. When the squids reached mantle lengths of 20 to 30 mm, they were transferred to a 10 000-l closed system raceway. From hatching, mantle length increased exponentially at a mean rate of 1.69% per day throughout the experiment. The largest and longest-lived squid attained a maximal size of 77 mm mantle length in 8 months. Only live food organisms, which consisted of copepods, other crustaceans and fishes, were accepted by the squids. Mortality, attributed to starvation and fin damage, was greatest during the first 20 days and again between days 45 and 70.
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  • 32
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    Elsevier
    In:  Continental Shelf Research, 1 (4). pp. 405-424.
    Publication Date: 2016-10-11
    Description: Faunal structure is described for the planktonic molluscs of the Middle Atlantic Bight based on two years of seasonal data from the continental shelf. Collection and taxa groups are constructed using numerical classification and reciprocal averaging ordination. Discriminant analysis is used to relate surface collection groups to physical variables, then taxa group distribution among these collection groups is analyzed by nodal fidelity analysis. The areal distribution of dominant species is presented by season, as is their surface temperature-salinity distribution. Four communities are recognized on the continental shelf. A subarctic community, including Limacina retroversa, Paedoclione doliiformis, and Clione limacina, is advected down the central shelf region from the northeast. A Gulf Stream community of weak vertical migrators, including Limacina trochiformis, Cavolinia longirostris, Creseis conica, Atlanta peroni, and A. gaudichaudi, is introduced onto the shelf in occasional intrusions across the shelf-edge front. A depth-limited warm-water community of strong vertical migrators, including Limacina inflata, L. bulimoides, L. lesueuri, and Cavolinia inflexa is generally confined offshore of the 100-m isobath since the extent of their daily vertical migration is greater than the bottom depths on the continental shelf. A coastal community, including the larvae of Loligo pealei and of Ensis directus is found in coastal water of local origin and is generally confined within a coastal boundary layer.
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2016-07-08
    Description: The cause of the climatically controlled fluctuations in the carbonate content of deep-sea sediments remains the subject of uncertainty and debate. Three variables are involved: supply of biogenic carbonate, loss by dissolution, and dilution by non-carbonate phases. It is suggested that 230Th, which is produced in the ocean at a constant rate provides a reliable reference for measuring variations in rate of sedimentation on a regional scale. Results of a preliminary analysis based on published data indicate that, for depths at and above the lysocline, the carbonate fluctuations observed in cores from the North Atlantic Ocean are due primarily to variations in the terrigenous clay input, which was 2–5 times higher during glacials than during interglacials. Carbonate deposition appears to have been somewhat reduced during glacials, but probably not by more than a factor of 2. From published 230Th232Th profiles it appears that the South Atlantic Ocean also received increased inputs of terrigenous clay during glacial periods.
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  • 34
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    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Geology, 54 (3-4). pp. 237-247.
    Publication Date: 2016-09-05
    Description: DSDP cores from areas of low (Site 505) and high heat flow (Site 504 B) near the Costa Rica Rift, together with seismic profiles from the Panama Basin, have been studied to determine the relationship between: (1) carbonate content and physical and acoustic properties; and (2) carbonate content, carbonate diagenesis and acoustic stratigraphy. Except for ash and chert layers, bulk density correlates strongly and linearly with carbonate content. Velocity is uniform downcore and only small variations at a small scale are measured. Thus an abrupt change in carbonate content will cause abrupt changes in acoustic impedance and should cause reflectors that can be detected acoustically. A comparison of seismic profiler reflection records with physical properties, carbonate content and reflection coefficients indicates that the main reflectors can be identified with ash layers, diagenetic boundaries, and carbonate content variations. Diagenesis of carbonate sediments is present at Site 504 B in a 260 m-thick ooze—chalk—limestone/chert sequence. These diagenetic sequences occur in areas of higher heat flow (200 mW m−2). Seismic profiler records can be used to map the extent and depth of these diagenetic boundaries.
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  • 35
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    Elsevier
    In:  Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 7 (1-2). pp. 107-137.
    Publication Date: 2016-09-12
    Description: Glass separates from 115 ash layers derived from the Kamchatkan (DSDP Site 192; 34 layers), the eastern Aleutian (DSDP Site 183; 56 layers) and the Alaska Peninsula (DSDP Site 178; 25 layers) volcanic arcs have been analyzed for up to 28 elements. In addition, the abundance and diversity of associated mafic phenocrysts have been evaluated. The resulting data set has made possible an evaluation of the late Miocene to Recent changes in composition of ashes derived from North Pacific volcanic arcs and of the factors controlling the evolution of highly siliceous magmas. We find no evidence for a general transition from arc tholeiite to calc-alkalic magma parentage of ashes derived from the volcanic arcs during the last 10 m.y., but instead find 0.1- to 0.5-m.y. intervals during which particular types of volcanism are prevalent. Most convincing is the transition from arc tholeiite to calc-alkalic for ashes derived from Kamchatka during the last 0.8 m.y., a change believed to be associated with a landward shift in the site of magma generation. Considered together, ashes derived from North Pacific volcanic arcs have been becoming more siliceous during the last 1.5 m.y. and may be associated with accelerated subduction during the same time interval. Hydrous phenocrysts (e.g., biotite) are typically associated with low-silica deep-sea ashes, but not with terrestrial volcanic rocks of comparable silica contents, suggesting the important role of water in the evolution of siliceous magma. REE patterns and relative abundances of mafic phenocrysts demonstrate the importance of fractional crystallization in controlling the evolution of highly siliceous arc magmas. REE increase with increasing silica, but become less concentrated in ashes with SiO2 〉 64%. Eu anomalies increase throughout the SiO2 range. Initial fractionation is dominated by clinopyroxene and plagioclase with amphibole strongly influencing fractionation above 64% SiO2.
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  • 36
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    Elsevier
    In:  Tectonophysics, 94 (1-4). pp. 123-139.
    Publication Date: 2019-06-11
    Description: Many hotspot tracks appear to become the locus of later rifting, as though the heat of the hotspot weakens the lithosphere and tens of millions of years later the continents are split along these weakened lines. Examples are the west coast of Greenland-east coast of Labrador (Madeira hotspot), the south coast of Mexico-north coast of Honduras (Guyana hotspot), and the south coast of West Africa-north coast of Brazil (St. Helena hotspot). A modern day analog of a possible future rift is the Snake River Plain, where the North American continent is being “pre-weakened” by the Yellowstone hotspot track. This conclusion is based on reconstructions of the motions of the continents over hotspots for the past 200 million years. The relative motions of the plates are determined from magnetic anomaly isochrons in the oceans and the motion of one plate is chosen ad hoc to best fit the motions of the plates over the hotspots. However, once the motion of this one plate is chosen, the motions of all the other plates are prescribed by the relative motion constraints. In addition to the correlation between the predicted tracks and sites of later continental breakup, exposed continental shields correlate with the tracks. Their exposure may be the result of hotspot induced uplift which has led to erosion of their former platform sediment cover.
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  • 37
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    Elsevier
    In:  Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 51 (2). pp. 415-434.
    Publication Date: 2021-03-01
    Description: The major tectonic elements of the Azores triple junction have been mapped using long-range side-scan sonar. The data enable the Mid-Atlantic Ridge axis to be located with a precision of a few kilometres. Major faults and other tectonic and volcanic elements of the ridge maintain their regional trend of 010° to 020° past the triple junction area. There is no oblique spreading, and only minor transform offsets of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge occur here. The main effect of the triple junction or Azores hot spot is to diminish the amplitude of the median valley to 200 m or less. There is no axial high: a topographic high seen on several profiles is located to the east of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge spreading axis and does not appear to have any fundamental significance. The third arm of the triple junction includes the Azores srreading centre which appears to have developed as a series of en echelon rifted basins (the Terceira Rift) extending from Formigas Trough at 36.8°N, 24.5°W to a point near 39.3°N, 28.8°W. There are indications that recent activity in the spreading centre may be concentrated in a series of ridges which flank the older rifted basins. Until recently the northwest end of the Terceira Rift was connected to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge axis either directly at an RRR junction, or via a transform fault. The triple junction has probably moved south during the last 6 Ma to a positin on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge near 38.7°N. Initiation of the Azores spreading centre may have occurred during the 36 Ma B.P. rearrangement of poles, with an RFF triple junction north from the East Azores fracture zone to the North Azores fracture zone and transferring a wedge of European plate to the African plate. The tectonic elements revealed by this study are in good agreement with inferred earthquake mechanisms and with the RM2 plate tectonic model of Minster and Jordan, but east-west motion between North America and Africa does not seem to be compatible with the other motions at the triple junction unless it is of very recent (2〉3 Ma) origin.
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  • 38
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    Elsevier
    In:  Tectonophysics, 73 (1-3). pp. 151-168.
    Publication Date: 2021-06-08
    Description: The structural setting of the Maltese Islands is governed by two rift systems of different ages and trends and the interference of both. Accompanying faults are exposed at many places along cliffs and belong to the most spectacular phenomena of rift faulting of the world. Malta is part of a wide shelf bridge that connects the Ragusa platform of southern Sicily and the Tripolitanian platform of northern Libya. The archipelago is underlain by a continental crust of African provenance. The older rift generation traversing the islands strikes about 50° to 70° to create a basin-and-range structure on western Malta, Comino and eastern Gozo. This micro-province is framed by two master faults at an average distance of 14 km. Crustal extension started during the Early Miocene, as observed by growth faulting and sedimentary dikes parallel to the future rift. A syndepositional uparching of about 200 m has preceded the physiographical rifting in post-Middle Miocene times. Discrete dip-slip faulting created an external wedge block, split by internal tilt blocks of antithetic character, both compensating an average 15% crustal spreading normal to the rift axis. Shoulder upwarping of approximately 120 m has evolved synchronously with the rifting. Structures of the first generation are crosscut by still active, second-generation rift faults, which on Malta strike about 120°, but on Gozo between 80° and 90°. These faults are associated with the Pantelleria rift, whose deep trough sets immediately south of the islands. Rifting was mainly originated during Late Miocene/Early Pliocene time to continue in parts up to the Present. A set of transform faults runs through the straits on both sides of Comino to form a complicated en echelon or Riedel shear structure on easternmost Gozo and westernmost Malta. Shoulder upwarping related to the Pantelleria rift has considerably tilted the block of Malta NNE-ward and caused the inundated river valleys of the natural harbour of Valletta. The superimposition of two rift structures of different trends has been caused principally by a rotation of the controlling stress regime about 10 m.y. ago. The active Afro—Eurasian collision front is located about 200 km north and northwest of the islands. A contemporary change of plate tectonic stresses is discussed to explain the intraplate rift pattern on Malta as foreland-specific reactions to plate tectonic processes.
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  • 39
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    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Geology, 60 (1-4). pp. 165-198.
    Publication Date: 2020-04-27
    Description: Wave-formed sedimentary structures can be powerful interpretive tools because they reflect not only the velocity and direction of the oscillatory currents, but also the length of the horizontal component of orbital motion and the presence of velocity asymmetry within the flow. Several of these aspects can be related through standard wave theories to combinations of wave dimensions and water depth that have definable natural limits. For a particular grain size, threshold of particle movement and that of conversion from a rippled to flat bed indicate flow-velocity limits. The ratio of ripple spacing to grain size provides an estimate of the length of the near-bottom orbital motion. The degree of velocity asymmetry is related to the asymmetry of the bedforms, though it presently cannot be estimated with confidence. A plot of water depth versus wave height (h—H diagram) provides a convenient approach for showing the combination of wave parameters and water depths capable of generating any particular structure in sand of a given grain size. Natural limits on wave height and inferences or assumptions regarding either water depth or wave period based on geologic evidence allow refinement of the paleoenvironmental reconstruction. The assumptions and the degree of approximation involved in the different techniques impose significant constraints. Inferences based on wave-formed structures are most reliable when they are drawn in the context of other evidence such as the association of sedimentary features or progradational sequences.
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  • 40
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    Elsevier
    In:  Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 69 . pp. 145-150.
    Publication Date: 2020-10-09
    Description: The ammonium ion (NH 4) content in the mantles, fins, arms, haemolymph, and buoyancy fluid of 17 species belonging to nine families was determined. Great individual variation of ammonium concentration was found in the buoyancy fluid of Liocranchia reinhardti (Steenstrup, 1856), i.e. 38-1108 mM, and in the vacuolized tissues of Histioteuthis macrohista N Voss, 1969, i.e. 50-775 mM.
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  • 41
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    Elsevier
    In:  Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie Mikrobiologie und Hygiene: I. Abt. Originale C: Allgemeine, angewandte und ökologische Mikrobiologie, 3 (3). pp. 358-363.
    Publication Date: 2021-04-26
    Description: Menaquinones (vitamin K2) were the only isoprenoid quinones found in the Actinomycetes tested. Thermomonospora strains belonging to the species T. alba, T. curvata and T. fusca contained very complex mixtures of menaquinones with nine, ten and eleven isoprene units. Hexa- and octahydrogenated menaquinones with ten isoprene units constituted the major components in T. alba, whereas, octahydrogenated menaquinones with ten isoprene units predominated in T. curvata and T. fusca. Substantial amounts of hitherto undescribed hexa-, octa-, and decahydrogenated menaquinones with eleven isoprene units were also present in the three species. The representative of the taxon Thermomonospora (Actinobifida) chromogena examined differed in possessing major amounts of tetrahydrogenated menaquinones with only nine isoprene units; a pattern also found in Saccharomonospora viridis, Actinomadura flexuosa and Micromonospora halophytica subsp. halophytica. The chemotaxonomic data and supporting results of numerical taxonomic studies suggest that Actinobifida chromogena may have been wrongly classified in the genus Thermomonospora.
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  • 42
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    Elsevier
    In:  In: Progress in phycological research. Progress in phycological research, 2 . Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 333-386. ISBN 0-44480502-8
    Publication Date: 2018-10-12
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 43
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    Elsevier
    In:  Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 45 (4). pp. 577-588.
    Publication Date: 2016-03-01
    Description: Generally, oxidative regeneration of phosphate from anoxic sediments is by microbially mediated sulfate reduction processes. Stoichiometric modelling of such reactions takes into consideration varying proportions of ‘decomposable’ organically bound P to account for the ratios among nutrients in depth-concentration profiles of near-surface sediments. New results of interstitial water composition from sediments underlying the water masses influenced by coastal upwelling of the eastern boundary current system off Peru indicate that dissolution of phosphatic fish debris represents a mechanism for remineralization of phosphate comparable to or larger in magnitude than that by oxidative regeneration of organically bound P. Dissolved interstitial phosphate from fish debris is revealed by an excess amount of phosphate over that predicted from a simple stoichiometric oxidative regeneration model and by anomalously high dissolved interstitial fluoride concentrations. Phosphate flux estimates based on diffusion from the sediment suggest that this mechanism may generate up to 10% of the nutrient pool in the waters of the Peru undercurrent. Partitioning of P among the two sources reveals further that fish debris phosphate is about four times more important than organically bound P in nutrient generation from sediments of the Peru continental margin. Not only does this mechanism of regeneration affect the nutrient cycling but may also control widespread phosphorite formation in this area.
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  • 44
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    Elsevier
    In:  International Review of Cytology, 67 . pp. 171-214.
    Publication Date: 2018-10-29
    Description: This chapter discusses coral skeletogenesis, focusing on the morphology of the skeletogenic tissues. It reviews the light and electron microscope studies carried out in this regard, illustrating the example of the morphology of the skeletogenic tissues of the coral Pocillopora damicornis. A structural organic matrix is present in the adult skeleton of Pocillopora damicornis. One component of this structural matrix is present transiently at the growth surface of the skeleton. It consists of individual sheaths enveloping each forming aragonite crystal. These crystal sheaths, plus some small extracellular vesicles that are presumed to represent a precursor for the sheaths, are together implicated in the hypotheses for coral calcification. The hypotheses fall into the following three broad categories: (1) algal removal of possible inhibitory substances; (2) a general stimulatory effect of algal metabolism; and (3) algal contribution to a skeletal organic matrix.
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2018-07-25
    Description: Investigations of formation-fluid salinities in a transect from western Georgia to the edge of the Blake Plateau off the coast of Georgia show surprisingly similar hydrochemical features offshore and onshore. A fresh-brackish wedge of groundwater (〈25 g/kg total dissolved solids) lies beneath the shelf to a depth of ∼ 900 m. On land, brackish waters extend to a maximum depth of ∼ 1.2 km below sea level in Lowndes County, Georgia. In deeper horizons, hypersaline brines (〉 100 g/kg) occur in Lower Cretaceous (?) strata. These strata have a pronounced evaporitic (anhydritic) character in the offshore segment. Strong salinity gradients in interstitial waters signify buried evaporite deposits at drill sites beneath the Blake Plateau.
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  • 46
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    Elsevier
    In:  Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 69 . pp. 129-136.
    Publication Date: 2021-01-19
    Description: Observations on undisturbed, individually isolated, Octopus vulgaris show that ventilation rate is strongly related to "arousal" or activation. Ventilation rate may be recorded visually by a screened observer or remotely, using carbon electrodes connected to a pen recorder via an impedance coupler to register the associated water movements in a small experimental chamber. The method allows a quantifiable behavioural characteristic to be measured objectively. It has been used to demonstrate that O. vulgaris responds to certain chemical stimuli in flowing sea water with a sharply increased ventilation rate. This result is taken to show distance chemoreception in this cephalopod.
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