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  • Articles  (420)
  • Springer  (420)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • 1980-1984  (420)
  • Information Science and Librarianship  (420)
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  • Articles  (420)
Source
Publisher
  • Springer  (420)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
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Year
Journal
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Citation context analysis of a co-citation cluster: Recombinant-DNA (1980)
    Springer
    Scientometrics 2 (1980), S. 277-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2861
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Information Science and Librarianship , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract The techniques of co-citation clustering and citation context analysis are combined to concretely define the shared knowledge within a research specialty. The cluster for a large and fast moving biomedical specialty, recombinant-DNA, is presented in terms of the highly cited documents comprising it and their co-citation links. By examining citation contexts in the papers citing the highly cited documents, it is possible to label each of the documents in the cluster with its specific cognitive meaning for the citing authors. Co-citation contexts are used to reveal the relationships among the concepts symbolized by the highly cited documents, providing a cognitive equivalent of the co-citation links. This may open a new way to the investigation of the logic of conceptual change at the specialty level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02016349
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Introduction (1980)
    Springer
    Scientometrics 2 (1980), S. 327-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2861
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Information Science and Librarianship , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02095074
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Indicators of science: Notes and queries (1980)
    Springer
    Scientometrics 2 (1980), S. 347-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2861
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Information Science and Librarianship , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract Some science indicators can be found inSocial Indicators 1976 as well asScience Indicators-1976, but the coverage of science is limited. Neither volume contains data on cognitive aspects of science and technology or on their social consequences. The authors make suggestions for then-and-there assessments of cognitive advance in science and for prospective and retrospective checks on the validity of these assessments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02095077
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Indicators of the impact of R&D on the economy (1980)
    Springer
    Scientometrics 2 (1980), S. 375-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2861
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Information Science and Librarianship , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract This paper reviews the literature on the economic effects of R&D and then examines the gaps in our knowledge. While most micro-studies show that R&D raises economic growth, existing knowledge of the mechanisms by which R&D affects productivity and output is sparse, and it is unclear whether the micro-studies can be generalized to the national economy. The paper concludes by examining some possible consequences of the reduced R&D effort by the United States.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02095080
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comments on “indicators of scientific manpower” (1980)
    Springer
    Scientometrics 2 (1980), S. 405-409 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2861
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Information Science and Librarianship , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract In this examination of the implications of the decline in the demand for scientists, research on two questions is discussed. The first is the effect of age upon scientific creativity and the second is the relationship between the number of scientists and the growth of scientific knowledge.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02095083
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comments on “U. S. science in an international perspective” (1980)
    Springer
    Scientometrics 2 (1980), S. 423-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2861
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Information Science and Librarianship , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract International data show that the scientific development of the United States is neither better nor worse than expected for its size and industry. Its position is, however, deteriorating rapidly. The postwar expansion in federal funding of research seems to be a response to continued exponential growth rather than a cause. The science indicators volumes, all criticism notwithstanding, are rapidly provoking new understanding of these questions of scientific and technological change.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02095085
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Indicators of public attitudes toward science and technology (1980)
    Springer
    Scientometrics 2 (1980), S. 439-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2861
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Information Science and Librarianship , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract The use of attitude surveys inScience Indicators — 1976 is reviewed and found sufficiently flawed to limit the utility of survey results. The primary confusion throughout is the treatment of science and technology as if they were indistinguishable activities. Suggestions for conceptual improvement are presented both for describing attitudes and for predicting changes in them.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02095088
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Science citation index and chemistry (1980)
    Springer
    Scientometrics 2 (1980), S. 265-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2861
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Information Science and Librarianship , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract Citation data have been collected for a large number of chemists at American universities. The principal objectives are to examine the use of citations as a tool in the study of sociology of chemical research and to determine the feasibility and accurancy of using automatically generated data. Past results in each of these areas, as well as a projection of future uses of citation data, are presented. First, a pilot study is described and some tentative conclusions discussed. The method used minimizes some of the most commonly-expressed criticism of citation data, such as multiple author, self-citations, etc. An effort has been made to establish the accuracy of automatically generated citation data. This project uses as a base for comparison the complete bibliographies of several thousand chemists. Several different citation indices are compared with other indicators commonly employed in discussions of the characteristics of the field of chemistry. The results generally support the idea that citations are meaningful. However, they also reveal some problems which require that great care be exercised in the use of citation data. The use of citation data to “observe” a chemistry subfield over time also is illustrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02016348
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Publication of scientific information is not identical with communication (1980)
    Springer
    Scientometrics 2 (1980), S. 303-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2861
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Information Science and Librarianship , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract Primary papers of international relevance do not always get published in media which have good international dissemination. Samples of literature in animal science, judged by scientists active in that subject field, indicate that this discrepancy may be a truly serious one.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02016350
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A quantitative study of biologists in the 18th and 19th centuries (1982)
    Springer
    Scientometrics 4 (1982), S. 317-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2861
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Information Science and Librarianship , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract In recent literature dealing with the study of science and history of science increasing attention has been given to quantitative research of science as a special social institution. Main objects of these studies are the dynamics of quantity and structure of scientists, as well as change in forms of their professional organization. The understanding of regularities in the development of the scientific community is essential for the formulation of reasonable scientific policies. However, the experience shows that tendencies of this kind cannot be revealed if the study of science is restricted to the last two or three decades. It is necessary to examine sufficiently long periods of history during which several generations of scientists changed, large variations occured both in the internal scientific situation and in the socio-economic and concrete historical conditions of the development of science.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02021646
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