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  • Organic Chemistry  (3,492)
  • AERODYNAMICS  (2,967)
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  • 1985-1989  (6,462)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In continuation of our work on penem antibiotics, novel chiral (5R,6S)-2-(1′-aminoalkyl)-6-(hydroxyalkyl)-derivatives 1 have been synthesized by two essentially different strategies. Whereas the starting materials for 1a-f, azetidinones 2 and 5, were obtained from chiral building blocks (6-aminopenicillanic acid and L-threonine, resp.), the one for 1g, azetidinone 9, was derived from racemic 4-acetoxyazetidinone and, as chiral auxiliary, (2R)-2-mercaptopropan-1-ol. The 2-aminomethyl derivatives 1a (CGP 30 779) and 1f (CGP 31 608) proved the most potent compounds in the antibacterial tests in vitro and showed a well-balanced spectrum of activity by comparison with that of established β-lactams.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: (+)-11,11′-Di-O-methylelaiophyliden - Herstellung aus Elaiophylin und Totalsynthese aus (R)-3-Hydroxybuttersäure- und (S)-ÄpfelsäureesterDas Makrodiolid-Antibiotikum Elaiophylin (6, Schema 1) kann durch säurekatalysierte Abspaltung der Desoxyfucose-Einheiten in Methanol unter gleichzeitiger Substitution der C-11- und C-11′-Lactol-OH-Gruppen durch OCH3 in das Aglycon 8a umgewandelt werden. Dieses Di-O-methylelaiophyliden genannte C2-symmetrische Makrodiolid 8a enthält 2 × 11 stereogene Einheiten, von denen in der hier beschriebenen Totalsynthese zwei aus (R)-3-Hydroxybuttersäure (aus dem Biopolymer PHB) und (S)-Äpfelsäure stammen, während die anderen durch diastereoselektive Reaktionsschritte erzeugt werden. Die zwei Schlüsselprodukte der konvergenten Synthese (Schema 2) sind der makrocyclische Dialdehyd 10 (vgl. 26, 27; 2 × 5 stereogene Einheiten) und das silylgeschützte Dihydroxyketonderivat 11 (vgl. 34, 35; 3 stereogene Einheiten). Aldoladdition des Z-Bor-Enolates des Ketons an den Dialdehyd erfolgte - beinahe statistisch - mit relativer Topizität ul und lieferte zwei C2-symmetrische und ein unsymmetrisches Diaddukt (40a, b, c), von denen eines bei der säurekatalysierten Methanolyse das Aglycon 8a lieferte (Abb. 1 und 2 zeigen die NMR-Spektren). Die diastereoselektiven Schlüsselschritte, mit denen drei der sechs neuen asymmetrischen Kohlenstoffatome erzeugt wurden, sind α-Alkylierungen von β-Hydroxyester oder-lacton-Alkoholat-Enolaten (Äpfelsäure → 12 und 15 → 16 bei der Dialdehydsynthese sowie Hydroxybuttersäure → 29 bei der Herstellung des Ketons).
    Notes: The macrodiolide antibiotic elaiophylin (6, Scheme 1) is converted into an aglycone 8a by acid-catalysed cleavage of the deoxyfucoses in methanol, with replacement of two lactol OH-groups by OCH3 (C-11 and C-11′). The di-O-methylelaiophylidene (8a), a C2-symmetrical macrodiolide with 2 × 11 stereogenic units, was synthesised from (R)-3-hydroxy-butanoate (from the biopolymer PHB) and (S)-malic ester, using diastereoselective steps for the generation of the other stereogenic units. The key intermediates (Scheme 2) are the macrocyclic dialdehyde 10 (cf. 26, 27; 2 × 5 stereogenic units) and the silyl-protected dihydroxy ketone derivative 11 (cf. 34, 35; 3 stereogenic units). These two intermediates almost statistically were subjected to aldol coupling with relative topicity ul, using the Z-boron enolate of the ketone, to give the two C2-symmetrical and the asymmetric aldol (40a, b, c), one of which furnished the aglycone 8a upon acid-catalysed methanolysis (Fig. 1 and 2, NMR spectra). The diastereoselective key steps, by which three of the six new asymmetric carbon atoms are created, are α-alkylations of β-hydroxy ester or lactone alkoxide-enolates (malic acid → 12 and 15 → 16 in the dialdehyde synthesis, hydroxybutanoic acid → 29 in the ketone preparation).
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: enantiomers ; diastereoisomeric ureas ; high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) ; fluorophores ; inversion of optical rotation ; antiarrhythmics ; propranolol ; plasma ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis and analytical testing of two new fluorescent chiral derivatizing agents (-)-(S)-flunoxaprofen and (-)-(S)-naproxen isocyanate, is described. In a few simple steps the free carboxylic acids [(S)-flunoxaprofen and (S)-naproxen] are activated with ethyl chloroformate/sodium azide and transformed to the corresponding isocyanates. The crystalline reaction products display high enantiomeric and chemical purity and stability. The direction of the optical rotation of both substances is inverse to that of the corresponding carboxylic acids. At ambient temperature the reagents swiftly react with primary and secondary amines, yielding highly fluorescent ureas. The applicability of the two reagents for the resolution of racemic amines was tested with a number of pharmaceuticals (antiarrhythmics, β-adrenergic antagonists, calcium channel blockers, centrally acting antidepressants). The diastereoisomeric derivatives were efficiently resolved and separated from side-products by means of normal and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The use and sufficient sensitivity of the two reagents for pharmacokinetic studies were demonstrated with a determination of plasma levels of propranolol enantiomers after oral administration of the racemic drug [80 mg (R,S)-propranolol-HCl] to two volunteers.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: N-Allyl- and N-[(Cyclopropyl)methyl]-3,4-dimethoxy-5-methylmorphinan-6-one (9 and 10, resp.) were synthesized from 5-methyldih drothebainone (1). This essential intermediate was prepared from the baine via 5-methylthebaine (5) employing a novel route. The Pharmacological studies showed 9 and 10 to be potent opioid agonists. Compound 10 was found to have preference for kappa rather than mu opioid receptors.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 71 (1988), S. 1328-1330 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: [1,1-Bis (trimethylsilyl)]-1H-cyclopropa [b] naphthalene rricarbonylchromium (2) was synthesized by reaction of 1,1-bis (trimethylsilyl) cyclopropa [b] naphthalene (1b) with tricarbonyltris(acetonitrile) chromium.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 331 (1989), S. 517-520 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1986 (1986), S. 1098-1103 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1,2,3,4,5,5-Hexamethyl-6-methylenecyclohexa-1,3-diene and 1,2,3,4,4,5-Hexamethyl-6-methylenebicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-eneThe title compounds 3 and 5, respectively, have been synthesized. On treatment of 3 with acids rapid isomerization to 2 takes place. Rearrangement of 5 to homofulvene 4 occurs at 60°C within 3 hours.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1,2,3-Triazabutadienes. XXI. Determination of the Electrical Surface-potential and of the Relative pH Value in the Stern Region of Anionic Micelles by using 1-(4′-Chlorphenyl)-3-(3-methylbenzthiazolinyliden-(2))-triazene as ProbeThe title triazene is insoluble in water but it can be solubilized in the Stern region of micelles. It is used as pH indicator for the Stern region of anionic micelles. The relative pKs-values for the triazene are determined in anionic micellar solutions of different detergents. The electrical potential at the surface of the charged micelles is calculated using the value of SDS-micelles for calibration. The dependence of the electrical potential and the pH value in the Stern region on the structure of the detergents is discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1,2,3-Triazabutadienes. XX. Investigations of the Photochemical Z-E-Isomerization, Photolysis, Protonation and Acidic Cleavage of 1-Aryl-3-3-methylbenzthiazolinyliden-(2)-triazenes in Micellar SolutionsThe E-isomers of the 1-Aryl-3-[3-methylbenzthiazolinyliden-(2)]-triazenes are soluble in aqueous micellar solutions of sodium dodecylsulfate (NDS) and cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide (CTAB). They are fixed in the Stern region of the micelles. The Z-isomers decompose in aqueous micellar solutions by acidic cleavage. They can be stabilized by the use of alkaline buffer solutions. The concentration of protons is higher by the factor 103 in the Stern region of NDS-micelles than in the Stern region of CTAB-micelles. This difference is explained by electrostatic attraction and repulsion between the protons and the micelles. The quantum yields of the photochemical isomerization in micellar solutions and in organic solvents are the same. Water soluble ionic dyes with relatively low triplet energies sensitize the photoisomerization in micellar solutions and the photostationary state is on the side of the E-isomer.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: 1,2,3-Triazines, III. - Synthesis of N-Aminopyrazoles and their Oxidation to 1,2,3-Triazines. Molecular Structure of 1,2,3-TriazineOxidation of the N-aminopyrazoles 4a - i affords the 1,2,3-triazines 5a - i. Spectra and reactions - such as oxidation, reduction, and cycloaddition reactions - of some 1,2,3-triazines 5 are described. The X-ray analysis of 5a is presented.
    Notes: Die Oxidation der N-Aminopyrazole 4a - i liefert die 1,2,3-Triazine 5a - i. Es werden Spektren und Reaktionen - wie Oxidation, Reduktion und Cycloadditionen - einiger 1,2,3-Triazine 5 beschrieben. Die Röntgenstrukturanalyse für 5a wird angegeben.
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