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  • Immunocytochemistry  (203)
  • Triticum aestivum  (158)
  • Evolution
  • Springer  (497)
  • 1985-1989  (497)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonequilibrium thermodynamics and different axioms of evolution (1986)
    Springer
    Acta biotheoretica 35 (1986), S. 77-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8358
    Keywords: Evolution ; nonequilibrium thermodynamics ; boundary conditions models ; initial conditions models
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Proponents of two axioms of biological evolutionary theory have attempted to find justification by reference to nonequilibrium thermodynamics. One states that biological systems and their evolutionary diversification are physically improbable states and transitions, resulting from a selective process; the other asserts that there is an historically constrained inherent directionality in evolutionary dynamics, independent of natural selection, which exerts a self-organizing influence. The first, the Axiom of Improbability, is shown to be nonhistorical and thus, for a theory of change through time, acausal. Its perception of the improbability of living states is at least partially an artifact of closed system thinking. The second, the Axiom of Historically Determined Inherent Directionality, is supported evidentially and has an explicit historical component. Historically constrained dynamic populations are inherently nonequilibrium systems. It is argued that living, evolving systems, when considered to be historically constrained nonequilibrium systems, do not appear improbable at all. Thus, the two axioms are not compatible. Instead, the Axiom of Improbability is considered to result from an unjustified attempt to extend the contingent proximal actions of natural selection into the area of historical, causal explanations. It is thus denied axiomatic status, and the effects of natural selection are subsumed as an additional level of constraint in an evolutionary theory derived from the Axiom of Historically Determined Inherent Directionality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00118368
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occurrence, distribution and nature of neuropeptide Y in the rat pancreas (1985)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 1554-1557 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; neuropeptide Y ; radioimmunoassay ; rat pancreas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Significant quantities of a newly discovered peptide, neuropeptide Y, were found in the rat pancreas, where they were localized to nerves in the exocrine parenchyma and around arterial and ductal structures. Although unaffected by surgical parasympathectomy, the periarterial and periductal nerves were abolished by chemical sympathectomy, suggesting that NPY is partially costored with sympathetic transmitters in nerve fibers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01964804
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluctuating rates of evolution (1985)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 1080-1082 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Evolution ; evolutionary rate ; stasis ; brain ; encephalization ; body size ; fitness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Constant evolutionary rates are possible only in verylarge populations, where natural selection does not exhaust varition because mutation supplies fresh variability. In a small population where a small number of genes influence an integrated system like brain and body size which have an allometric relationship, variation is removed rapidly under natural selection, This occurs even when the final fitness of the population is not optimal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01952154
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serological and genetical studies on the evolution of substrate specificity of flavone glycosyltransferase genes inSilene (1987)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 43 (1987), S. 202-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Evolution ; substrate specificity ; serological homologies ; flavone biosynthesis ; Silene ; glycosyltransferases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The variation in flavone glycosylation patterns inSilene is the result of the expression of six genetic loci, which control either the presence of allozymes differing in substrate specificity or isozymes regulated differently during development. Serological studies showed that at least three of these six loci are evolutionarily related. The genetic mechanisms leading to these complicated variation patterns and the role of this polymorphism for the plant in its interaction with the environment are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01942853
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of nitrogen and phosphorus-enriched paddy straw compost and its effect on yield and nutrient uptake by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (1989)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 8 (1989), S. 339-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Wheat ; Paddy straw compost ; N and P enrichment ; Rock phosphate ; Pyrite ; Triticum aestivum ; Nutrient uptake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A nutrient-rich compost from paddy straw was prepared using urea and Mussoorie rock phosphate for N and P enrichment respectively. Inorganic N was partly conserved in the compost by the addition of pyrite. Citric-acid-soluble P also increased with the addition of pyrite. Compost containing about 1.6% total N and 3.3% total P was found to be a good source of P for a wheat crop and also supplied a significant amount of N to the plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00263166
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phosphatase activity in the rhizosphere and its relation to the depletion of soil organic phosphorus (1987)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 3 (1987), S. 199-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Phosphatases ; Rhizosphere ; Organic phosphorus ; Allium cepa ; Brassica oleracea ; Triticum aestivum ; Trifolium alexandrinum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The distribution of phosphatase activity and of phosphate fractions of the soil in the proximity of roots was studied in order to evaluate the significance of phosphatases in P nutrition of various plants (Brassica oleracea, Allium cepa, Triticum aestivum, Trifolium alexandrinum). A considerable increase in both acid and alkaline phosphatase activity in all the four soil-root interfaces was observed. Maximum distances from the root surface at which activity increases were observed ranged from 2.0 mm to 3.1 mm for acid phosphatase and from 1.2 mm to 1.6 mm for alkaline phosphatase. The increase in phosphatase activity depended upon plant age, plant species and soil type. A significant correlation was noticed between the depletion of organic P and phosphatase activity in the rhizosphere soil of wheat (r = 0.99**) and clover (r = 0.97**). The maximum organic P depletion was 65% in clover and 86% in wheat, which was observed within a distance from the root of 0.8 mm in clover and 1.5 mm in wheat. Both the phosphatases in combination appear to be responsible for the depletion of organic P.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00640630
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbon transfer in a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) ecosystem (1987)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 5 (1987), S. 76-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Biomass accumulation ; Decomposition ; Litter ; Soil organic matter ; Soil respiration ; 14C deposition ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In a field experiment with 14C-labeled winter wheat conducted in the north-central region of the United States, crop-accumulated carbon (grain excluded) returned to the soil was found to be 542 g m−2 year−1. Almost half of the carbon from the underground compartment was released in the form of CO2 during the first 3 months after harvest due to very favorable conditions for biological activity. After 18 months, no less than 80% of the carbon from the plant residues was mineralized. About 16% of straw carbon and 24% of root carbon was transferred into soil organic matter. The annual rate of soil organic matter decomposition was approximated as 1.7%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264350
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Yield response of spring wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum and T. turgidum) to inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense under field conditions (1987)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 4 (1987), S. 27-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; T. turgidum ; Nitrogen fixation ; Field inoculation ; Acetylene reduction assay (ARA)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Eight commercial Israeli spring wheat cultivars (six Triticum aestivum and two T. turgidum) grown with 40 and 120 kg N/ha were tested for responses to inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense. At the low level of N fertilization (40 kg/ha), five cultivars showed significant increases in plant dry weight measured at the milky ripe stage; however, by maturation only the cultivar “Miriam” showed a significant increase in grain yield. Two cultivars, which had shown a positive inoculation effect at the earlier stages, had a significant decrease in grain yield. No significant effect of inoculation was found at the high N level. To confirm those results, four wheat (T. aestivum) cultivars were tested separately over 4 years in 4 different locations under varying N levels. Only Miriam showed a consistently positive effect of Azospirillum inoculation on grain yield. Inoculation increased the number of roots per plant on Miriam compared with uninoculated plants. This effect was found at all N levels. Nutrient (N, P and K) accumulation and number of fertile tillers per unit area were also enhanced by Azospirillum, but these parameters were greatly affected by the level of applied N. It is suggested that the positive response of the spring wheat cultivar “Miriam” to Azospirillum inoculation is due to its capacity to escape water stresses at the end of the growth season.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00280347
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peculiar effect of Azospirillum inoculation on growth and nitrogen balance of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) (1987)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 4 (1987), S. 55-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Azospirillum brasilense ; Triticum aestivum ; Inoculation ; N and dry matter yield ; N percentages in plant parts ; Associative N2 fixation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Wheat plants (Triticum aestivum) grown in pots and in the field under the Mediterranean climate of the south of France were inoculated with a strain of Azospirillum brasilense. Comparisons with non-inoculated plants grown under the same conditions showed significant responses to inoculation with an increase in the number of fertile tillers, shoot and root dry weight, and root to shoot biomass ratio. The roots of inoculated plants attracted relatively more assimilates than those of the control plants until a late stage of growth (heading stage) but the rhizosphere respiration expressed per unit of root growth was not increased by inoculation. Nitrogen yield, both total and in grains, was also enhanced; however, N percentages of all aerial parts of the plants grown in pots were always statistically lower after inoculation than in the control. At maturity, the N % in seeds was 1.81 and 2.45, respectively. The possible mechanisms of this effect of inoculation under the experimental conditions of this study are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00280351
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of wheat (Triticum aestivum) roots on mineralization rates of soil organic matter (1988)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 7 (1988), S. 67-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Root activity ; Soil C mineralization ; 14C-labelled plant material ; Decomposition stages ; Wheat ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Two different soils were amended with 14C-labelled plant material and incubated under controlled laboratory conditions for 2 years. Half the samples were cropped with wheat (Triticum aestivum) 10 times in succession. At flowering, the wheat was harvested and the roots removed from the soil, and a new crop was started. Thus, the soil was continuously occupied by predominantly active root systems. The remaining samples were maintained without plants under the same conditions. The aim of the experiment was to study the effects of active roots on C-mineralization rates during different stages of decomposition and during long-term incubation. During the first 200 days, corresponding to the active decomposition stages, the roots weakly reduced 14C mineralization. With a lower level of decomposition, when more than 60% of the initial 14C was mineralized and when the available nutrients were markedly exhausted by plant uptake, the roots stimulated 14C mineralization.[/ p]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00260735
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