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  • Drosophila  (150)
  • Evolution
  • Springer  (285)
  • 1985-1989  (285)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dimension reduction projection and our perception of evolution (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of mathematical biology 21 (1985), S. 299-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1416
    Keywords: Evolution ; punctuated equilibria ; projection pursuit ; Brownian motion ; pattern recognition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The evolution of a species can be viewed as a trajectory in multidimensional space. What we perceive is only a low dimensional projection from the total dimensionality necessary to fully describe a species. Motivated by the phenomenon of punctuated equilibria, it is shown that there are projections of gradualistic evolution which will have a punctuated character. However, whether our eyes and minds would choose such a projection of the total phenotype is not resolved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00276228
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolution, games theory and polyhedra (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of mathematical biology 25 (1987), S. 393-409 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1416
    Keywords: Evolution ; Evolutionary stable states ; Games theory ; Linear programming ; Convex polyhedra ; Linear complementarity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The problem of finding an Evolutionary Stable Strategy (ESS) for an animal species is defined. It is shown how such strategies are a subset of the equilibrium solutions for a particular non-zero sum game. These equilibrium solutions are then shown to arise from the vertices of a particular convex polyhedron. A method of finding these equilibrium solutions through the vertices and then the ESS solutions is given. This is illustrated by a number of numerical examples taken from the literature. Finally an alternative approach based on solving a Linear Complementarity Problem is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00277164
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A branching process model for the evolution of transposable elements (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of mathematical biology 26 (1988), S. 347-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1416
    Keywords: Transposable elements ; Evolution ; Branching processes ; Population genetics ; Mobile genetic elements
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A discrete-time multitype branching process model is presented for the evolution of transposable elements in haploid populations. An individual is classified as type i if it possesses i copies of the TE, i⩾0. The general model incorporates copy-dependent selection and transposition, and recursion relations are derived for the distribution of the number of individuals of the various types. The asymptotic relative proportions of individuals of the different types is studied in the neutral case. The behavior of this equilibrium distribution is examined for various patterns of regulated transposition and deletion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00277395
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lanthanum mimicks the trp photoreceptor mutant of Drosophila in the blowfly Calliphora (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 166 (1989), S. 179-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Blowfly ; Drosophila ; Photoreceptor ; Lanthanum ; trp mutant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of lanthanum on the light response of blowfly (Calliphora erythrocephala) photoreceptors was studied. The electrophysiological behaviour of the photoreceptors in the presence of La can be summarized as follows: 1. Upon long stimulation the photoreceptors responded with a ‘transient receptor potential’, i.e. the cells depolarized at the onset of the stimulus and then repolarized to (or below) the resting potential. This effect was dependent on stimulus intensity and occurred only at high intensities. During illumination membrane noise was reduced. 2. The light-induced changes in membrane potential were paralleled by changes in membrane resistance. 3. The time course of the receptor response was slowed down. 4. Light adaptation led to an increase in response latency. 5. The recovery of the receptor response after light adaptation was slowed down. 6. The sensitivity of the receptor cells measured by the response to short light stimuli was reduced. In summary, the electrophysiological behaviour of Calliphora photoreceptors in the presence of La was very similar to that of the photoreceptors of the trp (transient receptor potential) mutant of Drosophila melanogaster. This result suggests that La and trp mutation affect the same cellular processes in the photoreceptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00193462
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differences in amino acid sequence of the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from two species of Dasycladaceae (1986)
    Springer
    Planta 169 (1986), S. 575-582 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Acetabularia ; Acicularia ; Chlorophyta ; Chloroplast genome ; Dasycladaceae ; Evolution ; Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (conservatism)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In contrast to other plants the plastid genome of Acetabularia is larger in size and shows a high degree of variability. This study on the chloroplast-encoded large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase demonstrates that strongly conserved areas also exist in the plastid genome of the Dasycladaceae. Searching for differences in the amino acid sequence of the large subunit from Acetabularia mediterranea and Acicularia schenckii, proteolytic peptides which differ in their elution behaviour in reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography were sequenced. Only six amino acids were found to be exchanged in the large subunit from these two species. Since these two species diverged approx. 150 million years ago, these results imply that 0.84 amino-acid exchanges per 100 amino acids have occurred in 108 years, underlining the strong conservatism of the large subunit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00392109
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of rate of inbreeding on inbreeding depression in Drosophila melanogaster (1989)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 77 (1989), S. 123-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Inbreeding depression ; Drosophila ; Natural selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary This experiment was designed to study the relationship between rate of inbreeding and observed inbreeding depression of larval viability, adult fecundity and cold shock mortality in Drosophila melanogaster. Rates of inbreeding used were full-sib mating and closed lines of N=4 and N=20. Eight generations of mating in the N=20 lines, three generations in the N=4 lines and one generation of full-sib mating were synchronised to simultaneously produce individuals with an expected level of inbreeding coefficient (F) of approximately 0.25. Inbreeding depression for the three traits was significant at F=0.25. N=20 lines showed significantly less inbreeding depression than full-sib mated lines for larval viability at approximately the same level of F. A similar trend was observed for fecundity. No effect of rate of inbreeding depression was found for cold shock mortality, but this trait was measured with less precision than the other two. Natural selection acting on loci influencing larval viability and fecundity during the process of inbreeding could explain these results. Selection is expected to be more effective with slow rates of inbreeding because there are more generations and greater opportunity for selection to act before F=0.25 is reached. Selection intensities seem to have been different in the three traits measured. Selection was most intense for larval viability, less intense for fecundity and, perhaps, negligible at loci influencing cold shock mortality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00292326
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterosis in crosses between lines of Drosophila melanogaster selected for adaptation to different environments (1989)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 77 (1989), S. 253-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Heterosis ; Selection ; Drosophila ; Genotype x environment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Experiments were designed to examine whether heterosis would occur in crosses of Drosophila melanogaster populations adapted to 18 °C or 28 °C environments. Crosses were examined in parental environments, an intermediate environment (23 °C) and a mixed environment (alternating 18°/28°C). Parental populations did not show divergence for larval viability, cold shock or high temperature mortalities when tested in a common environment. However, the 28 °C population was less fecund than the 18 °C population, but had higher larval competitive ability and higher adult longevity. Heterosis for viability, cold shock mortality and high temperature mortality occurred in crosses between a population adapted to 18 °C and another adapted to 28 °C, but not in crosses between two populations adapted to the same temperature. The results suggest that, in the absence of drift, heterosis is expected in crosses between lines or populations with different histories of selection but not between lines with the same selection histories.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00266195
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The characterization and comparative analysis of high-molecular-weight glutenin genes from genomes A and B of a hexaploid bread wheat (1989)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 77 (1989), S. 689-700 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum ; Homoeoalleles ; Evolution ; Dough ; Gene library
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Two high-molecular-weight subunit (HMWS) glutenin genes from the A and B genomes of the hexaploid bread wheat Triticum aestivum L. cv Cheyenne have been isolated and sequenced. Both of these genes are of the high Mr class (x-type) of HMW glutenins, and have not been previously reported. The entire set of six HMW genes from cultivar Cheyenne have now been isolated and characterized. An analysis of the Ax and Bx sequences shows that the Ax sequence is similar to the homoeologous gene from the D genome, while the Bx repeat structure is significantly different. The repetitive region of these proteins can be modelled as a series of interspersed copies of repeat modifs of 6, 9, and 15 amino acid residues. The evolution of these genes includes single-base substitutions over the entire coding region, plus insertion/deletions of single or blocks of repeats in the central repetitive domain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00261246
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromosomal location of gliadin coding genes in T. aestivum ssp. spelta and evidence on the lack of components controlled by Gli-2 loci in wheat aneuploids (1989)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 78 (1989), S. 177-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat aneuploids ; Null forms ; Storage proteins ; Gliadins ; Evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Electrophoretical analyses of the gliadin fraction extracted from seeds of the intervarietal substitution lines of T. aestivum ssp. spelta in the T. aestivum ssp. vulgare cv ‘Chinese Spring’ for the homoeologous groups 1 and 6 and substitution lines of 6D chromosome of ‘Chinese Spring’ in the durum wheat cv ‘Langdon’ allowed the identification of seeds without gliadin proteins controlled by genes on chromosome 6A and 6B. A gliadin component of ‘Chinese Spring’, not previously assigned to any specific chromosome, is controlled by chromosome 6D in the 6D (6A) and 6D (6B) disomic substitution lines of ‘Langdon’. Additional genes controlling the synthesis of this component may be present on other chromosomes, very likely 6A and 6B, since the analysis of the ‘Chinese Spring’ compensating nullisomic-tetrasomics involving the 6D chromosome does not show the loss of this component or any apparent change in staining intensity. Chromosomal location data and two-dimensional gliadin maps reveal close homologies between the two hexaploid wheats, ‘Chinese Spring’ (T. aestivum ssp. vulgare) and T. aestivum ssp. spelta, belonging to different subspecies in the hexaploid group of genomic formula AABBDD. The comparison of gliadin electrophoretic patterns aiding in the identification of evolutionary pathways in wheat is stressed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00288796
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequence of the 16S rRNA gene from the thermoacidophilic archaebacteriumSulfolobus solfataricus and its evolutionary implications (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 22 (1985), S. 301-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Nucleotide sequence ; Evolution ; Methanogens ; Extreme halophiles ; Eubacteria ; Eukaryotes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The sequence of the small-subunit rRNA from the thermoacidophilic archaebacteriumSulfolobus solfataricus has been determined and compared with its counterparts from halophilic and methanogenic archaebacteria, eukaryotes, and eubacteria. TheS. solfataricus sequence is specifically related to those of the other archaebacteria, to the exclusion of the eukaryotic and eubacterial sequences, when examined either by evolutionary distance matrix analyses or by the criterion of minimum change (maximum parsimony). The archaebacterial 16S rRNA sequences all conform to a common secondary structure, with theS. solfataricus structure containing a higher proportion of canonical base pairs and fewer helical irregularities than the rRNAs from the mesophilic archaebacteria.S. solfataricus is unusual in that its 16S rRNA-23S rRNA intergenic spacer lacks a tRNA gene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02115685
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