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  • calcium  (147)
  • Springer  (147)
  • American Physical Society (APS)
  • International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
  • 1985-1989  (147)
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Publisher
  • Springer  (147)
  • American Physical Society (APS)
  • International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (37)
Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 45 (1989), S. 175-177 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Dystrophin ; calcium ; skeletal muscle ; muscular dystrophy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary It is suggested that in Duchenne muscular dystrophy the absence of dystrophin, which is probably a cytoskeletal protein underlying the sarcolemma, causes changes in stretch-activated cation channels rather than direct mechanical tearing of the surface membrane.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 45 (1989), S. 305-306 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Baboon ; 133xenon ; cerebral blood flow ; cerebrovascular resistance ; autoregulation ; nimodipine ; calcium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In normal baboons cerebrovascular resistance changed along with blood pressure to maintain blood flow constant. This ‘autoregulation’ was not significantly altered in animals treated with a dose of the calcium channel blocker nimodipine causing selective cerebral vasodilation.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 45 (1989), S. 377-378 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Chromatoid body ; spermatids ; calcium ; microtubules ; morphology ; pyroantimonate ; rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Morphological evidence for probable Ca2+ storage in the vesicular elements of the rat spermatid chromatoid body is documented using the K-pyroantimonate method, combined with EDTA chelation. Some vesicles are related to the microtubules associated with the chromatoid body. A possible involvement of Ca2+ in the intracellular movement and/or structural integrity of the chromatoid body is discussed.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 44 (1988), S. 101-104 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Platelets ; calcium ; phospholipase A2 ; G-proteins ; arachidonic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A major route for the release of arachidonic acid from platelet phospholipids appears to be catalyzed by a phospholipase A2 that can be stimulated by a rise of cytosolic Ca2+. This paper discusses certain other mechanisms for regulation of this process. Release of arachidonic acid by calcium ionophores is potentiated by pretreatment with stimulators of protein kinase C; e.g. diglyceride, phorbol esters and the terpene diester mezerein. This effect appears to be coincident with phosphorylation of a certain group of proteins (not 47 KDa protein), and is sensitive to depletion of ATP, activation of Ca2+ dependent phosphatase, and the kinase C inhibitor H-7, but is unaffected by Na+/H+ exchange inhibitors. Recent results in other cell types strongly indicate that phospholipase A2 is also directly under control of certain GTP-binding proteins.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 42 (1986), S. 62-64 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Cyclic GMP ; calcium ; Paramecium ; triton-extracted model ; ciliary reversal ; excitable membrane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Physiological roles of cyclic GMP in the control of ciliary movement inParamecium caudatum were investigated. We found that 1) an increase in cellular cyclic GMP level was observed in association with recovery from the ciliary reversal produced by K stimulation, and 2) the presence of cyclic GMP inhibited the Ca-induced ciliary reversal in triton-extracted models. These results suggest that cyclic GMP plays a key role in the control of the Ca-mediated ciliary reversal mechanism.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Crustacean ; calcitonin ; radioimmunoassay ; calcium ; molt
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A molecule immunologically related to salmon calcitonin has been detected in the hemolymph of the shrimpPalaemon serratus. Its concentration varies inversely with the calcium level during the molt cycle; a maximum (14 ng/ml) is found in the post-molt stage and a minimum (0.5 ng/ml) during the premolt stage.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 44 (1988), S. 657-666 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Ionic currents ; vibrating probe ; membrane potential ; fucoid egg polarization ; animal-vegetal polarity ; polarization ; voltage gradients ; calcium ; vesicle secretion ; Achlya ; oocytes ; insect follicle ; insect ovariole ; polarized transport ; egg activation ; mouse blastomere ; epithelial morphogenesis ; limb bud
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Morphogenetic fields must be generated by mechanisms based on known physical forces which include gravitational forces, mechanical forces, electrical forces, or some combination of these. While it is unrealistic to expect a single force, such as a voltage gradient, to be the sole cause of a morphogenetic event, spatial and temporal information about the electrical fields and ion concentration gradients in and around a cell or embryo undergoing morphogenesis can take us one step further toward understanding the entire morphogenetic mechanism. This is especially true because one of the handful of identified morphogens is Ca2+, an ion that will not only generate a current as it moves, but which is known to directly influence the plasma membrane's permeability to other ions, leading to other transcellular currents. It would be expected that movements of this morphogen across the plasma membrane might generate ionic currents and gradients of both electrical potential and intracellular concentration. Such ionic currents have been found to be integral components of the morphogenetic mechanism in some cases and only secondary components in other cases. My goal in this review is to discuss examples of both of these levels of involvement that have resulted from investigations conducted during the past several years, and to point to areas that are ripe for future investigation. This will include the history and theory of ionic current measurements, and a discussion of examples in both plant and animal systems in which ionic currents and intracellular concentration gradients are integral components of morphogenesis as well as cases in which they play only a secondary role. By far the strongest cases for a direct role of ionic currents in morphogenesis is the polarizing fucoid egg where the current is carried in part by Ca2+ and generates an intracellular concentration gradient of this ion that orients the outgrowth, and the insect follicle in which an intracellular voltage gradient is responsible for the polarized transport from nurse cell to oocyte. However, in most of the systems studied, the experiments to determine if the observed ionic currents are directly involved in the morphogenetic mechanism are yet to be done. Our experience with the fucoid egg and the fungal hypha ofAchlya suggest that it is the change in the intracellular ion concentration resulting from the ionic current that is critical for morphogenesis.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 39 (1985), S. 61-71 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Dacus tryoni ; Tephritidae ; Diptera ; fruit flies ; oviposition ; egg laying ; behaviour ; taste receptors ; chemoreceptors ; stimulant ; deterrent ; fructose ; calcium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des mouches fruitières gravides du Queensland (Dacus tryoni), confinées au laboratoire dans des chambres d'oviposition sont stimulées par la présence de β-D(-)fructose, à pondre significativement plus d'oeufs dans un substrat gélosé. Ce composé est un véritable stimulant d'oviposition, accroissant le nombre d'oeufs déposés par mouche, plutôt que simplement localisant l'oviposition dans les substrats le contenant. Le fructose est effectif seulement lorsqu'il est accessible aux récepteurs gustatifs tarsaux et labelliaux et, apparement, agit en stimulant de plus fréquentes insertions de l'ovipositeur dans le substrat; le contact du fructose avec uniquement l'ovipositeur inséré, n'accroît pas l'oviposition. Le seuil de concentration pour obtenir une stimulation par le fructose est de 4 mM; la résponse maximale se produit à 50 mM et au delà, auxquelles concentrations l'oviposition est augmentée d'un facteur 6 par rapport au témoin, qu'il y ait ou non possibilité de choix de substrat. Le sucrose (testé à 100 et 1 000 mM) et le D-glucose (testé à 100 et 500 mM) ne stimulent pas l'oviposition chez D. tryoni. Le fructose favorise fortement l'oviposition grâce aux trous existants dans une surface impénétrable, et dans les conditions naturelles, D. tryoni l'utilise probablement comme un marqueur pour localiser les ruptures dans la peau des fruits, où l'insertion est plus facile. La présence de chlorure de calcium molaire dans la gélose fructose inhibe fortement l'oviposition, même lorsqu'il est inaccessible aux récepteurs gustatifs tarsaux et labelliaux. Le chlorure de sodium molaire n'est pas inhibiteur. Les ions calciums déploient apparemment leur effet inhibiteur par l'intermédiaire de récepteurs gustatifs localisés sur l'ovipositeur.
    Notes: Abstract Gravid Queensland fruit flies (Dacus tryoni) are stimulated by the presence of β-D(-) fructose to lay significantly more eggs in an agar substrate. Fructose is only effective when accessible to the tarsal and/or labellar gustatory sensilla; it greatly increases oviposition through holes in an impenetrable membrane. Threshold for the fructose effect is 4 mM, maximal response being at 50 mM and above. Sucrose and glucose are not oviposition stimulants for D. tryoni. In the field situation D. tryoni probably uses fructose as a marker to locate breaks in the skin of ripe fruit, where insertion of the ovipositor is easier. The flies are deterred from ovipositing in fructose agar by the presence of molar calcium chloride, even when this is inaccessible to the tarsal and labellar gustatory sensilla. Molar sodium chloride is not inhibitory. Calcium ions apparently exert their inhibitory effect via gustatory sensilla located on the ovipositor.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 94 (1986), S. 191-196 
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: calcium ; kidney proximal tubule ; electron probe ; X-ray microanalysis ; mitochondria ; cytoplasmic calcium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The objective of this study has been to determine the intracellular localization of calcium in cryofixed, cryosectioned suspensions of kidney proximal tubules using quantitative electron probe X-ray microanalysis. Two populations of cells have been identified: 1) „Viable” cells, representing the majority of cells probed, are defined by their relatively normal K/Na concentration ratio of ∼4∶1. Their measured Ca content is 4.1±1.4 (sem) mmol/kg dry wt in the cytoplasm and 3.1 ± 1.1 mmol/kg dry wt in the mitochondria, or an average cell calcium content of ∼3.8 mmol/kg dry wt. 2) “Nonviable” cells, defined by the presence of dense inclusions in their mitochondria and a K/Na concentration ratio of ∼1. The Ca content is 15±2 mmol/kg dry wt in the cytoplasm and 685±139 mmol/kg dry wt in the mitochondria of such cells. Assuming 25 to 30% of the cell volume is mitochondrial, the overall calcium content of such nonviable cells is ∼ 210 mmol/kg dry wt. The presence of these inclusions in 4 to 5% of the cells would account for the average total Ca content measured in perchloric acid extracts of isolated proximal tubule suspensions (≈ 18 nmol/mg protein or 12.6 mmol/kg dry wt). Whole kidney tissues display a large variability in toal Ca content (4.5 to 18 nmol/mg protein, or 3.4 to 13.5 mmol/kg dry wt), which could be accounted for by inclusion in 0 to 4% of the cells. The electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPXMA) data conclusively demonstrate that thein situ mitochondrial Ca content of viable cells from the kidney, proximal tubule is low and support the idea that mitochondrial Ca may regulate dehydrogenase activity but probably does not normally control cytosolic free Ca.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: didodecylphosphate ; calcium ; membrane fusion ; lamellar phase ; hexagonal phase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Electron microscopic techniques have been employed to investigate the ability of didodecylphosphate vesicles (diameter approx. 900 Å) to fuse in the presence of Ca2+. As revealed by negative staining, Ca2+ induces extensive fusion and large vesicles with diameters up to 7000 Å are formed. In a processsecondary to fusion, the fused vesicles display a tendency to flatten and are subsequently transformed into extended tubular structures. Freeze-fracture electron microscopy, in conjunction with31P NMR and selected area electron diffraction measurements indicate that the tubes are packed in a hexagonal (HII) array and that the amphiphiles are converted from the lamellar to the hexagonal HII phase. The relationship between membrane fusion and the lamellar-to-hexagonal phase transition is discussed in terms of formation and abundance of transiently stable inverted micellar intermediates at contact regions between two interacting membranes. A model for the conversion of the (vesicular) lamellar into the (tubular) hexagonal HII phase is presented, taking into account the molecular shape of the amphiphile. The relevance of using simple synthetic amphiphiles as models for phospholipid bilayers and complex biomembrane behavior is briefly discussed.
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