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  • Industrial Chemistry
  • Physics
  • 1985-1989  (652)
  • 1965-1969  (3,369)
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  • 1
    Unknown
    New York : Academic Press
    Keywords: DDC 515/.353 ; LC QA371 ; Differential equations, Partial ; Physics
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xi, 335 pages)
    ISBN: 9780126546569
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The visual computer 2 (1986), S. 159-163 
    ISSN: 1432-2315
    Keywords: Education ; Animation ; Computer graphics ; Physics ; Solar system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract Within the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, state of the art computer graphics animation is done in the Computer Graphics Laboratory. The topics of the animations cover many scientific disciplines. Specific features of the system developed there, both hardware and software, are discussed. The prime mover of the effort is Dr. James F. Blinn of Pasadena; his role and experiences are elaborated. Their current largest project is The Mechanical Universe; the system is used for its production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 10 (1987) 
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 10 (1987), S. 33-37 
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: All the present experiments confirm that there is some liquid channelling on trays. Liquid channelling is extensive on trays of large diameters. It largely depends on the tilting of the plate, modifications of the inlet weirs and on non-uniform bubble cap spacing. Consequences of liquid channelling for plate efficiency are clear; the higher the degree of liquid channelling the lower the plate efficiency. However, own experimental and theoretical investigations indicate that plate efficiency never falls below the value of point efficiency. Therefore, liquid channelling only affects the crossflow on trays. Liquid channelling reduces the mass transfer performance to a similar extent as does the backmixing of liquid. Consequently, plate efficiency is not very sensitive to liquid channelling. Since the liquid is completely mixed in the downcomer, the effects of liquid channelling are restricted to a single tray. The behaviour of tray columns completely differs from that of packed columns, where the effects of liquid channelling are cumulative over the packed height. Consequently, trays represent a suitable design for columns of large diameters.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 10 (1987), S. 16-27 
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Although carbon dixoide is important as an abundant carbonaceous raw material, so far, its utilization in chemical processes has been rather limited. This review covers the reactions of CO2 employed in industry, such as the production of urea, the Kolbe-Schmitt reaction, the synthesis of cyclic organic carbonates and the use of CO2 in methanol synthesis. Interesting recent developments in CO2 chemistry, such as the reactions catalyzed by transition metals, are also described. Apart from the synthesis of polymers and hydrocarbons, the production of oxygen-containing substances appears to be very profitable and attractive for future industrial applications. Not only can derivatives of formic and carbonic acids be produced but also longer-chain carboxylic acids and their derivatives by reactions of carbon dioxide with hydrocarbons such as alkynes, alkenes and 1,3-dienes.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The present contribution illustrates a way of developing a continuous separation process for near critical fluid extraction, on the example of separation of soya oil from lecithin. First, a suitable solvent was selected. Phase equilibria were measured in autoclaves. Operating conditions for a pilot plant were derived from the phase equilibrium data. The pilot plant experiments provided the necessary data for designing a production plant. Computer programs for phase equilibrium, stage to stage and mass and heat balance calculations were used in order to minimize the number of experiments. A production plant with a capacity of 500 t/a of raw lecithin was designed on the basis of experimental and computational results. A cost estimation, based on tenders, showed that it is more economical to produce lecithin by near critical fluid extraction than by conventional acetone extraction.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 10 (1987), S. 56-63 
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Ideal flow conditions are generally assumed for the reactor design. If stoichiometry, reaction mechanism and kinetics are known, the balance equations for the ideal flow tube, the ideal steady-state continuous stirred tank reactor or the ideal, completely mixed stirred batch reactor are often applied. In many cases, formal kinetics, which forms the basis of reaction modelling, is so uncertain that the idealization of the flow field can be accepted. In practice, however, deviations from the ideally calculated conversions, yields and product qualities, often occur. In these cases, it is necessary to consider the real flow conditions. In general, a distinction is made between macroand micromixing processes.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 10 (1987), S. 1-15 
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Using pilot-scale test plant, the interfacial area per unit volume was investigated in different gasliquid reactors, i.e. packed column, bubble column and free jet reactor. The interfacial area was studied as a function of liquid viscosity and of operating parameters. As a rule, identical test conditions were maintained in all the measurements, in order to obtain comparable results. The interfacial area was determined by chemical means using the sulphite system (a solution of sodium sulphite in water as model liquid and air as gaseous medium). The viscosity of the solution can be increased by adding carboxymethyl cellulose without significantly affecting the reaction kinetics. The addition of a surfactant to the sulphite system allowed comparative measurements at reduced surface tension. Based on a large number of measurements, the correlations of the interfacial area are expressed as power laws. The inclusion of experiments with a jet tube reactor and a stirring vessel allows an extensive comparison of all reactors. All tests were carried out with the same material system and the same method was used to determine the interfacial area per unit volume. Therefore, a comparison with respect to mass transfer is possible.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 10 (1987), S. 27-32 
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new measurement method for determining the local liquid-phase velocities in multiphase flows is presented. It is based on a tracer technique, using heat introduced into the flow, seemingly at random, instead of a material tracer. The input of heat pulses and measurement of temperature at an adjacent point is performed by small probes. As an intermediate result, the flow time distribution of the heat-labelled fluid elements is calculated on-line as a cross-correlation function between the pseudo-random input and the measured output signals. This calculation and the automatic control of measurements is carried out by a simple microprocessor unit. The device produced excellent results in gas-liquid flows at high gas throughputs and high liquid-phase velocities.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 10 (1987), S. 63-72 
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Among other processes, adsorption is used for the removal of hydrogen sulphide from natural gases. Hereby, competitive adsorption of the different gas components plays an important role, e.g., that of carbon dioxide. Data of equilibrium loading and adsorption kinetics are required for the design of adsorbers, filled with molecular sieve. In order to obtain these data under the prevailing operating conditions, hydrogen sulphide was removed from gas mixtures H2S/CH4 and H2S/CO2/CH4, in a pilot plant, by adsorption on molecular sieve 5A. The equilibrium loading, the height of transfer zone, and the length of unused bed were determined from the measured breakthrough curves of H2S. With these data, the breakthrough time and the optimum process conditions were calculated for a practical example.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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