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  • Other Sources  (1,392)
  • INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY  (1,392)
  • 1990-1994  (1,392)
  • 1
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    The polarization sensitivity of the liquid xenon imaging telescope (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The properties and the expected performance of a liquid xenon (LXe) gamma-ray imaging telescope, optimized for the MeV energy region, are presented. The unique potential of this telescope as a Compton polarimeter is particularly emphasized. Based on Monte Carlo simulations, we show that the modulation factor is as high as 40% at 1 MeV with a detection efficiency close to 20%. These figures of merit, combined with the excellent background suppression capability of the three-dimensional position sensitive LXe detector, yield sensitivity at the 3 sigma level to polarization fractions as small as a few percent for strong sources, even in a balloon flight.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series (ISSN 0067-0049); 92; 2; p. 689-691
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  • 2
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    Germanium blocked-impurity-band detector arrays - Unpassivated devices with bulk substrates (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: We have fabricated and characterized six-element monolithic arrays of Ge:Ga blocked-impurity-band detectors, with threshold wavelength 220 microns, peak quantum efficiency 14 percent, detective quantum efficiency 9 percent, dark current 300 e(-)/s, and response uniformity better than 4 percent. The devices are described very well by the standard model of blocked-impurity-band detectors and appear to satisfy many of the requirements of low-background astronomical instruments.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Journal of Applied Physics (ISSN 0021-8979); 74; 6; p. 4199-4206.
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  • 3
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    The performance of a new instrument for in situ measurements of ClO in the lower stratosphere (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Abundances of chlorine oxide (ClO) have been measured from 16 km to 30 km by a new balloon-borne in situ instrument developed from an optical design flown previously on the NASA ER-2 aircraft. This instrument, a prototype for one to be flown on the Perseus remotely piloted aircraft, was one-third the weight of that on the ER-2, yet retained the high precision and accuracy necessary for detailed photochemical studies of the lower stratosphere. In this paper we discuss the performance of the instrument during its first flight on March 31, 1991 over eastern New Mexico.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 20; 17; p. 1791-1794.
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  • 4
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    Space Station Freedom (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: This video presents great model photography along with astronaut activity as practiced in mockup.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ASR-253 , NASA-TM-109636 , NONP-NASA-VT-93-190434
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  • 5
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    Two-Beam multiplexed laser-induced fluorescence measurements of an argon arcjet plume (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: We describe a multiplexed, laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technique with which radial and axial profiles of vector velocities of excited propellant species were obtained in the exhaust plume from a 300-W argon arcjet. Although the arcjet is a prototype, and although argon is not an interesting propellant from a propulsion perspective, the technique clearly demonstrates how a narrowband, frequency-stabilized ring-dye laser can be used to obtain simultaneous measurements of two velocity components in an arcjet plume and how a third signal from an optogalvanic cell can be used as a frequency reference. We also show that much information on the flow can be obtained by analyzing the Doppler widths and fluorescence intensities of the LIF data. Specifically, the data identify a boundary layer in the radial direction of the plume and a shock in the downstream region of the flow. Also, some flow anisotropy is observed, consistent with the assumption that the magnitude of the mean flow velocity fluctuates. The peak velocity on centerline remains roughly constant at 3 km/s throughout the expansion.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: AIAA Journal (ISSN 0001-1452); 31; 11; p. 2083-2089.
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  • 6
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    Techniques for improving the accuracy of cryogenic temperature measurement in ground test programs (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The performance of a sensor is often evaluated by determining to what degree of accuracy a measurement can be made using this sensor. The absolute accuracy of a sensor is an important parameter considered when choosing the type of sensor to use in research experiments. Tests were performed to improve the accuracy of cryogenic temperature measurements by calibration of the temperature sensors when installed in their experimental operating environment. The calibration information was then used to correct for temperature sensor measurement errors by adjusting the data acquisition system software. This paper describes a method to improve the accuracy of cryogenic temperature measurements using corrections in the data acquisition system software such that the uncertainty of an individual temperature sensor is improved from plus or minus 0.90 deg R to plus or minus 0.20 deg R over a specified range.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: In: International Instrumentation Symposium, 39th, Albuquerque, NM, May 2-6, 1993, Proceedings (A93-54351 24-35); p. 213-226.
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  • 7
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    Enhanced data reduction of the velocity data on CETA flight experiment (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: A newly developed technique for enhanced data reduction provides an improved procedure that allows least squares minimization to become possible between data sets with an unequal number of data points. This technique was applied in the Crew and Equipment Translation Aid (CETA) experiment on the STS-37 Shuttle flight in April 1991 to obtain the velocity profile from the acceleration data. The new technique uses a least-squares method to estimate the initial conditions and calibration constants. These initial conditions are estimated by least-squares fitting the displacements indicated by the Hall-effect sensor data to the corresponding displacements obtained from integrating the acceleration data. The velocity and displacement profiles can then be recalculated from the corresponding acceleration data using the estimated parameters. This technique, which enables instantaneous velocities to be obtained from the test data instead of only average velocities at varying discrete times, offers more detailed velocity information, particularly during periods of large acceleration or deceleration.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: In: International Instrumentation Symposium, 39th, Albuquerque, NM, May 2-6, 1993, Proceedings (A93-54351 24-35); p. 353-370.
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  • 8
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    Fiber optic and laser sensors IX; Proceedings of the Meeting, Boston, MA, Sept. 3-5, 1991 (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The present volume on fiber-optic and laser sensors discusses industrial applications of fiber-optic sensors, fiber-optic temperature sensors, fiber-optic current sensors, fiber-optic pressure/displacement/vibration sensors, and generic fiber-optic systems. Attention is given to a fiber-sensor design for turbine engines, fiber-optic remote Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, near-IR fiber-optic temperature sensors, and an intensity-type fiber-optic electric current sensor. Topics addressed include fiber-optic magnetic field sensors based on the Faraday effect in new materials, diaphragm size and sensitivity for fiber-optic pressure sensors, a microbend pressure sensor for high-temperature environments, and linear position sensing by light exchange between two lossy waveguides. Also discussed are two-mode elliptical-core fiber sensors for measurement of strain and temperature, a fiber-optic interferometric X-ray dosimeter, fiber-optic interferometric sensors using multimode fibers, and optical fiber sensing of corona discharges.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: SPIE-1584 , ; 459 p.
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  • 9
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    Micromachined silicon cantilever beam accelerometer incorporating an integrated optical waveguide (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: A micromachined cantilever beam accelerometer is described in which beam deflection is determined optically. A diving board structure is anisotropically etched into a silicon wafer. This diving board structure is patterned from the wafer backside so as to leave a small gap between the tip of the diving board and the opposite fixed edge on the front side of the wafer. In order to sense a realistic range of accelerations, a foot mass incorporated onto the end of the beam is found to provide design flexibility. A silicon nitride optical waveguide is then deposited by low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) onto the sample. Beam deflection is measured by the decrease of light coupled across the gap between the waveguide sections. In order to investigate sensor response and simulate deflection of the beam, we utilized a separate beam and waveguide section which could be displaced from one another in a precisely controlled manner. Measurements were performed on samples with gaps of 4.0, 6.0, and 8.0 micron and the variation of the fraction of light coupled across the gap as a function of displacement and gap spacing was found to agree with overlap integral calculations.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: In: Integrated optics and microstructures; Proceedings of the Meeting, Boston, MA, Sept. 8, 9, 1992 (A93-49456 21-35); p. 12-18.
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  • 10
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    Absolute intensity measurements of impurity emissions in a shock tunnel and their consequences for laser-induced fluorescence experiments (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Absolute intensity measurements of impurity emissions in a shock tunnel nozzle flow are presented. The impurity emission intensities were measured with a photomultiplier and optical multichannel analyzer and calibrated against an intensity standard. The various metallic contaminants were identified and their intensities measured in the spectral regions 290 to 330 nm and 375 to 385 nm. A comparison with calculated fluorescence intensities for predissociated laser-induced fluorescence signals is made. It is found that the emission background is negligible for most fluorescence experiments.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Shock Waves (ISSN 0938-1287); 3; 1; p. 49-53.
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