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  • NMR
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (143)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Elsevier
  • 1990-1994  (143)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 30 (1992), S. 1655-1665 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: microstructure ; N-vinylcarbazole ; methyl acrylate ; NMR ; sequence distribution ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The microstructure of a series of high conversion copolymers of methyl acrylate (MA) and N-vinylcarbazole (NVC) was characterized by NMR. 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra were assigned by comparison to the homopolymers and by using heteronuclear shift correlation spectroscopy. MA-centered triad distributions were obtained from the carbonyl carbon. Distributions of NVC sequences were determined from aromatic carbons 1 and 8a, and aromatic proton 1 These experimentally determined sequence distributions were compared to those calculated from reactivity ratios approximated from the copolymer compositions. Agreement was very good for low NVC content copolymers. Three signals were particularly useful in providing rapid assessment of the distribution of NVC units within low NVC content copolymers: proton 1 and carbon 1 of NVC and the carbonyl carbon of MA. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 2
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    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 31 (1993), S. 177-182 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: arylsilane ; urethane ; silane polymers ; TGA ; NMR ; DSC ; silane elastomer ; silane thermal stability ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bis(4,4′-phenylisocyanato) dimethylsilane (SiDI) and 2,2-bis (4,4′-phenylisocyanato)propane (PrDI) were synthesized, polymerized to polyurethanes, and their chemical, thermal and physical properties studied. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra confirm deshielding by silicon of both the phenyl ring and the urethane linkage. The glass transition temperatures, solubility parameters, and mechanical properties were independent of the diisocyanates. The silicon containing polyurethanes are more thermally stable than their carbon counterparts. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 3
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    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 32 (1994), S. 2803-2807 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: copolymer sequence ; NMR ; methyl methacrylate ; styrene ; α-trifluorome-thacrylic acid ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: [no Abstrat]
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  • 4
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    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 30 (1992), S. 2549-2557 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: NMR ; glass transition temperature ; acrylonitrile-methyl acrylate copolymers ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Acrylonitrile-methyl acrylate (A/M) copolymers of different monomer compositions were prepared by bulk polymerization using free radical initiator (benzoyl peroxide). Copolymer compositions were determined by elemental analyses and comonomer reactivity ratios were determined by the nonlinear least squares errors-in-variables methods (EVM). Terminal and penultimate reactivity ratios have been calculated using the observed monomer triad sequence distribution determined from 13C{1H}-NMR spectra. The triad sequence distribution was used to calculate diad concentrations, conditional probability parameters, number-average sequence lengths, and run number in the copolymers. The observed triad sequence concentrations determined from 13C{1H}-NMR spectrum agreed well with those calculated from reactivity ratios. Glass transition temperatures (Tg) of various copolymers determined from DSC gave good agreement with those obtained from NMR. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 5
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    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 31 (1993), S. 2835-2838 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: NMR ; MAS ; silanes ; Ziegler-Natta ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 29Si cross-polarisation NMR was used to study the interaction between silanes and MgCl2 when co-milled. Large changes are seen for the 29Si chemical shift of the silane between the silane in solution and in the solid complex. Interpretation of the differences in chemical shift are hindered by the absence of an adequate semi-empirical theory. The 29Si chemical shift tensors confirm a strong interaction between the silane and MgCl2. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 6
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    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 32 (1994), S. 15-31 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: poly(bisphenol-A-carbonate) ; nylon 6 ; blend ; melt mixing ; exchange reactions ; copolymer ; thermal degradation ; mess spectrometry ; NMR ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The chemical reactions occurring in the melt mixing of nylon6/polycarbonate (Ny6/PC) at 240°C were investigated. The reaction of equimolar Ny6/PC blends can be reconciled within the overall scheme of an exchange reaction occurring with the attack of active amino terminals on the inner carbonate groups. We have performed the synthesis of low molecular weight amino-terminated nylon 6 and the effect of the active amino terminal groups on the exchange kinetics was investigated. The exchange reaction yields sizeable amounts of copolymer, in fact after 75 min of melt mixing the (initially equimolar) blend contains 30 mol of unreacted PC and 70 mol of Ny6/PC copolymer (all the Ny6 was therefore incorporated in the copolymer). Trifluoroacetylation of nylon 6 was used to produce CHCl3-soluble Ny6/PC copolymers, that could be analyzed by NMR. The NMR analysis yielded, beside the copolymer composition, evidence of the presence of urethane units interconnecting the Ny6 and PC blocks. The amount of urethane units increased with the reaction time, indicating a reduction of the block size as a function of the extent of exchange. Our study established the structure of the products formed, provided the materials balance of the process, and investigated some salient kinetic aspects. A thermal degradation study was also performed by thermogravimetry and direct pyrolysis mass spectrometry, to identify the products formed in the thermal treatment of the blends and to investigate the possible role of the inner amide groups in the intermolecular exchange reactions occurring between Ny6 and PC. Our results prove that these reactions occur above 300°C, and that only the cleavage of carbonate groups, by means of Ny6 amino end groups, is actually occurring at 240°C. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 7
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    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 30 (1992), S. 1155-1161 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: adsorption ; desorption ; association ; polystyrene ; NMR ; polymer transitions ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Composition-studies were carried out in which samples of films composed of poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) particles enmeshed by poly(tetrafluoroethylene) fibers were saturated with dichloromethane and then allowed to evaporate at 23°C to virtual dryness as the 1H-NMR signals and residual weight of sorbed liquid were monitored. The correlations, of 1H-NMR line-widths with the corresponding log of the number, αt of residual sorbed molecules per monomer unit show that sharp changes occur as αt passes through αG the composition that exists when all the liquid not sorbed (i.e., not present within the liquid-saturated particles), has been eliminated, and again as αt passes through αg the composition that exists when the particles attain the rigidity characteristic of the glassy state. Correlation of the corresponding T1 relaxation times with log αt show that sharp changes occur when αt becomes equal first to α′s and then to α′g the compositions that exist respectively when, firstly, all the sorbed liquid not immobilized by adsorption to the polymer chains within the particles has been eliminated, and then when the desorption of immobilized liquid from the chains causes the composition to begin to undergo transition from its rubbery state to its glassy state.
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  • 8
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chirality 6 (1994), S. 615-622 
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: absolute configuration ; chiral stationary phase ; enantiomer ; chiral recognition ; NSAID ; HPLC ; NMR ; CD ; X-ray ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Assignment of absolute configuration to a recently developed chiral selector useful in the separation of the underivatized enantiomers of naproxen and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is described. Circular dichroism, 1H NMR, and X-ray diffraction have been used to confirm the original assignment which was based solely upon elution orders from HPLC chiral stationary phases. All of these techniques agree in the assignment of the (S,S) absolute configuration to the enantiomer of the chiral selector which associates preferentially with (S)-naproxen. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: H-1 antihistamines ; chiral HPLC ; β-cyclodextrin-inclusion complexes ; NMR ; circular dichroism ; affinity constants ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The resolution of the H-1 antihistamines chloropheniramine, dimethindene, carbinoxamine, and mebrophenhydramine is described. The optical purity of antipodal products is investigated by chiral HPLC (use of α1 -acid glycoprotein and β-cyclodextrin columns) and NMR (spectra of β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes). Configurational relationships among the group are reviewed and assignments are confirmed and extended by circular dichroism evidence. Affinity constants of antipodal pairs for guinea pig ileum and cerebellum sites, determined by gut bath and binding experiments respectively, are reported together with some in vivo tests in man for central effects. Results are discussed in terms of configurational requirements for activity and variations in antipodal potency ratios within the group. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 10
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 13 (1990), S. 523-524 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chiral LC ; NMR ; α1-Acid glycoprotein ; Pirkle reagent ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 11
    ISSN: 1042-7147
    Keywords: Hydrogel ; Thermoreversible Sol-gel transition ; NMR ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The sol-gel transition mechanism of a thermoreversible hydrogel composed of a copolymer comprising poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PNIPAAm-PEG) was studied by NMR. The 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra measured on a PNIPAAm-PEG solution in 99.9% D2O showed a remarkable line width broadening of the PNIPAAm block of more than that of the PEG block, during thermally induced hydrogel formation. This result suggested that the mobility of the PNIPAAm block is more restricted than that of the PEG block during gelation. A crosslinked polymer network formation was ascertained by a sudden reduction in the spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) of the residual HDO proton during gelation. The temperature dependency of the T1 values for the PNIPAAm and PEG blocks revealed that the microscopic condition of the PNIPAAm block in water was drastically changed during gelation, while that of the PEG block was unchanged. The experimental results from NMR supported the following gelation mechanism; that an aggregation of PNIPAAm blocks in the separate copolymers caused by hydrophobic interaction forms crosslinking points to give an infinite three-dimensional network structure. The hydrated PEG chains in the copolymers provide the network with a swelling property in water, and prevent the aggregation from causing a macroscopic phase separation.
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  • 12
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer International 33 (1994), S. 335-339 
    ISSN: 0959-8103
    Keywords: poly(ether sulphones) ; PES ; NMR ; CPMAS ; polymerisation ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The synthesis of poly(ether sulphone) using the ‘carbonate’ route based on the reaction of 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenylsulphone, 4,4-dichlorodiphenylsulphone and potassium carbonate dispersed in diphenylsulphone has been studied by 13C CPMAS NMR spectroscopy. In the initial reaction the half potassium salt of 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenylsulphone is formed. No evidence for a stable full salt was found at any time during the polymerisation cycle and no appreciable oligomer formation took place before the polymerisation itself took place.
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  • 13
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymers for Advanced Technologies 4 (1993), S. 164-171 
    ISSN: 1042-7147
    Keywords: Polyelectrolytes ; Glass transition ; Conductivity ; NMR ; Dielectric ; Relaxation ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Ionene glasses are considered as being a new class of materials. Their properties have been investigated in detail by thermoanalytical, solid state NMR, and dielectric techniques. The segmental dynamics of these cationic polyelectrolytes, labeled in chosen positions, have been studied with solid state 2H-NMR. Below the glass transition the quaternized ammonium groups in the polymer backbone are essentially static, due to strong Coulomb interactions. The glass transition in these materials is characterized by the softening of a network formed by the N+-cations. However, both the low molecular weight counterions and the organic chain segments linking the ammonium groups are already mobile below Tg. The dynamics of the organic segments in the glassy state can be described as motion between fixed ends. Ionic conductivity in the glassy state is based on thermally activated anion transport. The influence of the flexibility of the organic chain segments and of the type of the anion on the conductivity are discussed. A simple analytic expression is proposed to describe the conductivity behavior in the low frequency limit.
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  • 14
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: hybridoma metabolism ; carbon-13 ; NMR ; intracellular ; hollow fiber bioreactor ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Primary metabolism of a murine hybridoma was probed with 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Cells cultured in a hollow fiber bioreactor were serially infused with [1-13C] glucose, [2-13C] glucose, and [3-13C] glutamine. In vivo spectroscopy of the culture was used in conjunction with off-line spectroscopy of the medium to determine the intracellular concentration of several metabolic intermediates and to determine fluxes for primary metabolic pathways. Intracellular concentrations of pyruvate and alanine were very high relative to levels observed in normal quiescent mammalian cells. Estimates made from labeling patterns in lactate indicate that 76% of pyruvate is derived directly from glycolysis; some is also derived from the malate shunt, the pyruvate/melate shuttle associated with lipid synthesis and the pentose phosphate pathway. The rate of formation of pyruvate from the pentose phosphate pathway was estimated to be 4% of that from glycolysis; This value is a lower limit and the actual value may be higher. Incorporation of pyruvate into the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle appears to occur through only pyruvate dehydrogenase; no pyruvate carboxylase activity was detected. The malate shunt rate was approximately equal to the rate of glutamine uptake. The rate of incorporation of glucosederived acetyl-CoA into lipids was 4% of the glucose uptake rate. The TCA cycle rate between isocitrate and α-ketoglutarate was 110% of the glutamine uptake rate. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 15
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 43 (1994), S. 1059-1074 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: NMR ; nuclear magnetic resonance ; metabolism ; antibody productivity ; metabolic modeling ; metabolic fluxes ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to study the metabolism of a murine hybridoma cell line at two feed glutamine concentrations, 4.0 and 1.7 mM. Carbon-13 labeling patterns were used in conjunction with nutrient uptake rates to calculate the metabolic fluxes through the glycolytic pathway, the pentose shunt, the malate shunt, lipid biosynthesis, and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Decreasing the feed glutamine concentration significantly decreased glutamine uptake but had little effect on glucose metabolism. A significant incrase in antibody productivity occurred upon decreasing the feed glutamine level. The increased antibody productivity in concert with decreased glutamine uptake and no apparent change in glucolytic metabolism suggests that antibody production was not energy limited. Metabolic flux calculations indicate that (1) approximately 92% of the glucose consumed proceeds directly through glycolysis with 8% channeled through the pentose shunt; (2) lipid biosynthesis appears to be greater than malate shunt activity; and (3) considerable exchange occurs between TCA cycle intermediates and amino acid metabolic pools, leading to substantial loss of 13C label from the TCA cycle. These results illustrate that 13NMR spectroscopy is a powerfulf tool in the calculation of metabolic fluxes, particularly for exchange pathways where no net flux occurs. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 16
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    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 32 (1994), S. 1339-1349 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: rubber crystallinity ; plasticizers ; syneresis ; NMR ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: We prepared polycaprolactone networks plasticized (60 wt%) with triacetin, with and without filler particles to model high-energy solid rocket propellants. Under strain and at lower temperatures these materials partially crystallize but also undesirably exude plasticizer (syneresis). We measured both properties isothermally (30°C) on the basis of molecular mobility: crystallinity with rapid-passage cw proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and syneresis with pulsed-gradient spin-echo NMR diffusion techniques, as a function of strain and time. In the gumstocks crystallinity and syneresis increase monotonically with strain and asymptotically with time. In a given specimen syneresis lags behind crystallinity but they approach the same value, suggesting that syneresis originates in expulsion of plasticizer from crystallizing regions. In the composites, crystallinity results resemble those in gum, but our diffusion data suggest that most syneresis is internal, with plasticizer accumulating in strain-debonded void regions near filler particles. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 17
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    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 32 (1994), S. 1585-1592 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: NMR ; polymer networks ; distribution of chain lengths ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A novel technique for the analysis of the distribution of chain lengths between crosslink junctions of polymer networks is proposed. The technique is based on the relation between the high-temperature nuclear magnetic resonance free-induction decay and the network structure. The distribution functions are determined for a number of networks. In particular, the evolution of structure of a thermally degrading network is studied. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 18
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    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 45 (1991), S. 41-48 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: CCHC ; 18-residue synthetic peptide ; retrovirus ; 3D structure ; zinc finger ; NMR ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods have been used to address issues regarding the relevance and feasibility of zinc binding to “zinc finger-like” sequences of the type C-X2-C-X4-H-X4-C [referred to as CCHC or retroviral-type (RT) zinc finger sequences]. One-dimensional (1D) NMR experiments with an 18-residue synthetic peptide containing the amino acid sequence of an HIV-1 RT-zinc finger domain (HIV1-F1) indicate that the sequences are capable of binding zinc tightly and stoichiometrically. 1H-113Cd spin echo difference NMR data confirm that the Cys and His amino acids are coordinated to metal in the 113Cd adduct. The 3D structure of the zinc adduct [Zn(HIV1-F1)] was determined to high atomic resolution by a new NMR-based approach that utilizes 2D-NOESY back-calculations as a measure of the consistency between the structures and the experimental data. Several interesting structural features were observed, including (1) the presence of extensive internal hydrogen bonding, and (2) the similarity of the folding of the first six residues to the folding observed by X-ray crystallography for related residues in the iron domain of rubredoxin. Structural constraints associated with conservatively substituted glycines provide further rationale for the physiological relevance of the zinc adduct. Similar NMR and structural results have been obtained for the second HIV-1 RT-zinc finger peptide, Zn(HIV1-F2). NMR studies of the zinc adduct with the NCP isolated directly from HIV-1 particles provide solid evidence that zinc finger domains are formed that are conformationally similar (if not identical) to the peptide structures. The motif has been found in several other single-stranded nucleic acid binding proteins, including a human protein, and may represent a common motif analogous to the “classical” zinc finger motif widely distributed in duplex-DNA binding proteins.
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  • 19
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    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 31 (1993), S. 1459-1470 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Polyacrylonitrile ; propylene carbonate ; thermoreversible gels ; NMR ; x-ray ; lattice expansion ; solvated crystallites ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The morphology of thermoreversible polyacrylonitrile-propylene carbonate (PAN-PC) gels was examined using solid-state carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction. Following complete dissolution of the polymer at elevated temperature and cooling of the concentrated PAN-PC solutions, a gel was formed. The PAN-PC gels consisted of regions of mobile polymer chains, rich in PC, “cross-linked” by regions of rigid polymer. The mobile regions of the gels showed solution-type NMR spectra with resolution of tacticity effects. The rigid component detected by NMR would correspond to the crysttallites detected previously by x-ray diffraction. Wide-angle x-ray diffractograms of the gels showed different peaks when compared with the dry polymer powder. After solvent extraction and drying of the gel, the diffractogram reverted to that of the original dry powder. This new result is the strongest evidence to support the view advanced earlier that the new peaks found in the diffraction pattern of the wet gels arises from solvated polymer crystallites rather than from ordinary polymer crystallites. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 20
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    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 46 (1991), S. 242-249 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: hEGF ; site-directed mutagenesis ; receptor affinity ; receptor kinase ; mitogenesis ; NMR ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Seven site-specific mutants (including changes to other hydrophobic, charged, and heterocyclic amino acids) of leucine 47 of human epidermal growth factor (EGF) were generated by protein engineering and characterized for their activity in three assays: radioreceptor competition binding in membrane fractions, the stimulation of the EGF receptor's tyrosine kinase activity, and the stimulation of thymidine uptake in tissue culture cells. K½ (concentration required for half maximum response) values for each of the mutants are reported in the three assays. The results show that the native leucine residue is quite important for EGF activity. Substitutions are tolerated to different degrees, depending upon hydrophobicity and size of the side chain. Substitution with ionic residues led to the most drastic reduction in activity. One-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, at physiological pH, of several of the mutants did not detect any major structural perturbations which would account for the loss of activity. The results suggest that the side chain of leucine 47, because of its charge neutrality, size, and hydrophobicity, is highly important, although not absolutely essential for the interaction of EGF with its receptor. A striking finding was the lower (compared with wild type) Vmax values of the mutants in the tyrosine kinase reaction, but these low Vmax mutants, in cell culture experiments, were able to stimulate at high concentrations a growth response equivalent to wild type EGF.
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  • 21
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    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 32 (1994), S. 2077-2084 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: NMR ; polyether urethane polymer electrolytes ; sodium triflate ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Sodium triflate/polyether urethane polymer electrolytes ranging in concentration from 0.05 molal to 1.75 molal have been investigated via 23Na static solid-state NMR. Room temperature spectra and spin lattice relaxation times were consistent with a single narrow resonance indicating the presence of only mobile ionic species. The concentration and temperature dependence of relaxation times, chemical shifts, and linewidth have been investigated. The results suggest either a single species or rapid exchange between a number of species (even at temperatures below the glass transition temperature, Tg). The linewidth decreases with increasing concentration of ions and remains temperature independent below Tg. Below Tg a maximum quadrupolar interaction constant of 2 MHz is calculated. The addition of plasticizer to the polymer electrolyte causes significant chemical shift changes that depend on the solvent donicity of the plasticizer. The linewidth and T1 relaxation times also depend on the Tg of the plasticized systems. Previous 23Na NMR literature results are reviewed and qualitative models developed to account for the variation in results. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 22
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    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 31 (1993), S. 1005-1012 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: orientational order ; polyethylene ; NMR ; fibers ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The orientational order of three morphological components, identified previously as two crystalline components, C1 and C2, and an amorphous component, A of four polyethylene fibers, including two gelspun ultrahigh molecular weight (PE-I and PE-II) and two meltspun moderate molecular weight (PE-D and PE) polyethylene fibers are further analyzed by rotor-synchronized two-dimensional 13C CP/MAS (ROSMAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. Our results indicate that the orientational order of these components differ substantially among themselves in a given fiber and among different fibers of the same component. Values of β1/2, the polar angle at which the orientational distribution function (ODF) P 〈β〉 decays to half its maximum, are determined to be: 18° (C2 of PE-II), 21° (C2 of PE-I), 29° (C2 of PE-D), 31° (C1 of PE-I) and 50° (C2 of PE). No orientational sideband can be detected for component A, suggesting that the A component is due to the amorphous domain. The implication of this results and the technical limit of this technique are analyzed. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 23
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    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 32 (1994), S. 2321-2327 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: NMR ; spin diffusion ; morphology ; ethene-propene copolymer ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Crystallizable runs of ethene in ethene-propene copolymers can be identified in 13C CPMAS NMR spectra as a resonance at 33 ppm. In the absence of spin diffusion, the variation in intensity of this resonance with a 1H spin lock will reflect the intrinsic TH1ρ. Spin diffusion leads to a more complex relaxation decay, which reflects the local polymer morphology. Simulations of the spin diffusion process have been carried out for a simplified two-phase model for the morphology with the aim of determining whether the lamellar thickness of the crystalline and amorphous regions can be found from the TH1ρ observed via the 13C NMR spectrum. Calculations covering the expected range of the input parameters, namely the spin diffusion coefficients, domain lengths, and intrinsic relaxation times, show that, providing the intrinsic relaxation time in the amorphous phase is known, an accurate estimate of the crystalline and amorphous lamellar thicknesses can be made. Analysis of simulated TH1ρ decays indicate that, in general, the time constant of the fastest decaying component can be identified with the intrinsic relaxation time of the amorphous phase. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 32 (1994), S. 1129-1136 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: NMR ; cationic polymerization ; lactams ; polymerization mechanism ; carbenium ions ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The nature of the propagation center in the cationic polymerization of N-benzoyl-8-octanelactam initiated by octanoylium hexachlcroantimonate, SbCl5, and Ph3CAsF6 in perdeuterated tetrachloroethane or its mixture with o-dichlorobenzene was studied using 1H, 13C, 19F, 31P, 75As, and 121Sb nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) of model oligomers and the products of their end-capping with triphenylphosphine. In all cases, the nature of the propagation center has been found to be of an acylium ion pair with an SbCl6- or AsF6- counterion coordinated with the nearest benzoylamide group and cosolvated by the solvent. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 32 (1994), S. 1961-1968 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: structural studies ; NMR ; conjugated polymers ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Transient techniques in NMR of 1H and 13C were used to study the chemical and physical structures of solid poly(p-phenylene) (PPP), poly(2,6-dimethyl-p-phenylene oxide) (PDMPO), poly(p-phenylene sulfide) (PPS), poly(p-biphenylene sulfide) (PPBS), poly(p-phenylene selenide) (PPSe), poly(p-biphenylene selenide) (PPBSe), poly(2,5-thienylene) (PT), poly(3-methyl-2,5-thienylene) (PMT), and poly(p-phenylene-co-2,5-thienlyene) (PPPT) of different monomer ratios. 13C NMR confirmed the expected chemical structure for homopolymers, and indicated a random distribution of monomer units in PPPT. Relative fractions of crystalline and interfacial regions were determined by measurements of 1H magnetic relaxation, 13C CP/MAS NMR, and XRD. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 619 (1993), S. 641-651 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: 1,3-Di-tert-butyl-2,2-dimethyl-4-azido-4-R- 1,3,2,4-diazasilagermaetidines (R = organic group, amine or azide); reactions with germylenes ; trapping of germa-imines ; insertion of Ge=N into C-H bonds ; NMR ; x-ray structure analyses ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reaction of a Cyclic Bis(amino)germylene with Germaniumazides: Trapping-Reactions of Unstable Germa-Imines.The cyclic bis(amino)germylene 1 reacts with different germaniumazides of the type Me2Si(NtBu)2Ge(R)N3 (R = Me (2), tBu (3), N(SiMe3)2 (4), R = N3 (5)). With the exception of 4 all azides lose dinitrogen when treated with 1 and the GeII center coordinates the α-nitrogen of the azide group. It seems to be reasonable to assume a transient germaimine (nitride) which is trapped by further reaction with the azide molecules 2 and 5 or by reaction with the solvent pyridine (3). In the case of 2 the germatetrazole [Me2Si(NtBu)2]GeN4[Ge(NtBu)2SiMe2]2 (6) is formed, the tetrazole nitrogens being exclusively substituted by germanium atoms (point symmetry of the molecule Cs(m)). When 1 is treated with 5 a tris(germa)amine [Me2Si(NtBu)2Ge(N3)]3N (8) is formed, which has an azide group attached to each Ge-atom. X-ray analysis reveals that the nine nitrogen atoms of the azide groups are coplanar with the trigonal planar Ge3N moiety (crystallographic symmetry: 3/m). The reaction of 1 with 3 is very surprising: the pyridine in the product Me2Si(NtBu)2Ge(C5H4N)—N(H)Ge(tBu)(NtBu)2SiMe2 (7) is bonded via an α-carbon atom while the remaining hydrogen has added to the nitride-nitrogen. 6 crystallizes in the monoclinic system space group C2/m, a = 24.306(9), b = 10.933(6), c = 19.420(9) Å, β = 91.81(2)° and Z = 4. 7 crystallizes in the hexagonal system space group P63/m with a = b = 16.73(1), c = 11.006(8) Å, γ = 120° and Z = 2, and 8 crystallizes in the monoclinic system space group P21/n, a = 11.341(6), b = 26.086(9), c = 13.244(7) Å, β = 98. I2(2)° mit Z = 4.
    Notes: Das cyclische Bis(amino)germylen 1 wurde mit verschiedenen Germaniumaziden Me2Si(NtBu)2GeR(N3) (R = Me (2), tBu (3), N(SiMe3)2 (4), N3 (5)) umgesetzt. Außer 4 reagieren alle Azide mit dem Germylen 1 unter Distickstoffentwicklung und gleichzeitigem Angriff des GeII-Zentrums auf den α-Stickstoff einer Azidgruppe. Das sich offenbar zwischenzeitlich bildende Germaimin (bzw. Germanitrid) wird durch weitere Reaktion mit der Azidkomponente (2 und 5) bzw. mit dem Lösungsmittel Pyridin abgefangen. Im Falle der Reaktion mit 2 bildet sich ein Germatetrazol [Me2Si(NtBu)2]GeN4[Ge(Me)(NtBu)2SiMe2]2 (6), dessen Stickstoffatome ausschließlich durch Germaniumatome substituiert sind (Punktsymmetrie Cs(m)). Bei der Reaktion mit 5 entsteht ein Tris(germa)amin [Me2Si(NtBu)2Ge(N3)]3N (7), das an jedem Germaniumatom noch jeweils eine Azidgruppe gebunden hat. Nach Röntgenstrukturanalyse befinden sich neben der trigonal planaren Ge3N-Einheit noch die 9 Stickstoffatome der Azidgruppen in der Molekülebene (kristallographische 3/m Symmetrie). Besonders überraschend ist die Reaktion von 1 mit 3 in Pyridin: im Produkt Me2Si(NtBu)2Ge(C5H4N)N(H)Ge(tBu)(NtBu)2SiMe2 (8) ist der Pyridinrest über das α-Kohlenstoffatom an das Germanium gebunden, während das verbleibende Wasserstoffatom sich an den Nitrid-Stickstoff addiert hat. 6 kristallisiert monoklin in C2/m mit a = 24,306(9), b = 10,933(6), c = 19,420(9) Å, β = 91,81(2)° mit Z = 4, 7 kristallisiert hexagonal in P63/m mit a = b = 16,73(1), c = 11,006(6) Å, γ = 120° mit Z = 2, und 8 kristallisiert monoklin in P21/n mit a = 11,341(6), b = 26,086(9), c = 13,244(7) Å, β = 98,12(2)° mit Z = 4.
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  • 27
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Staudinger Reaction ; Phosphazides ; Phosphorus-Fluorine Compounds ; NMR ; X-Ray Crystal Structures ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reaction of Tris(dimethylamino)phosphine, Triisopropylphosphine and tButyldifluorophosphine with Tertiary Alkyl Azides: Phosphazide Formation versus Phosphinimide Formation. X-Ray Crystal Structures of triphenylmethylazide and Tris(dimethylamino)-N-triphenylmethyl PhosphazideTris(dimethylamino)-phosphine and triisopropylphosphine react with tertiary alkyl azides RN3 (R = tBu, 1-Ad, Trt) to give the corresponding phosphazides 1a-1c and 2a-2c, which involve a linear PN3R-unit. The coordination geometries of the N3 chains in triphenylmethylazide and 1c are completely different, associated with a change of hybridisation. Hence, the N3-group of the triphenylmethylazide is nearly linear, whereas that of 1c shows approximately tetrahedral angles. The coordination geometry at the central nitrogen atom also depends on the substituents, possibly because of their varying ability to delocalize the π-electron system. In contrast, the reaction of tbutyldifluorophosphine with the same azides RN3 led to the tbutyldifluorophosphinimides 3a-3c of the type tBuP(:NR)F2. The hydrolysis of these compounds afforded the tbutylphosphonamidic fluorides tBuP(:O)(NHR)F (R = 1-Ad: 4b, Trt: 4c), instead of the expected substitution products tBuP(:NR)(OH)F.
    Notes: Tris(dimethylamino)phosphin und Triisopropylphosphin reagieren mit tertiären Alkylaziden RN3 (R = tBu, 1-Ad, Trt) zu den entsprechenden Phosphaziden 1a-1c und 2a-2c, die eine PN3R-Kette besitzen. Die Koordinationsgeometrien der N3-Ketten in Triphenylmethylazid und in 1c sind, bedingt durch eine Änderung der Hybridisierung, völlig verschieden. So ist die N3-Gruppierung im Triphenylmethylazid nahezu linear, während bei jener in 1c annähernd Tetraederwinkel gefunden werden. Die Geometrie am zentralen Stickstoffatom hängt auch von der Natur der Substituenten ab, möglicherweise wegen deren unterschiedlicher Fähigkeit zur Delokalisierung des π-Elektronensystems. Im Gegensatz zu Obigem führt die Reaktion von tButyldifluorphosphin mit den gleichen Aziden RN3 zu den tButyldifluorphosphin mit den gleichen Aziden RN3 zu den tButyldifluorphosphinimiden tBuP(:NR)F2 3a-3c. Die Hydrolyse dieser Verbindungen ergibt die tButylphosphonsäureamidfluoride tBuP(:O)(NHR)F (R = 1-Ad: 4b; Trt: 4c) anstatt der erwarteten Substitutionsprodukte tBuP(:NR)(OH)F.
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 619 (1993), S. 471-475 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Bimetallic and trimetallic triphosphine complexes ; synthesis ; NMR ; IR ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis and Spectroscopy of new Triphosphine ComplexesThe reaction of PCl3 with [HPPh2W(CO)5] in the presence of NEt3 affords stepwise the diand triphosphine complexes [Cl2PPPh2W(CO)5] and ClP[PPh2W(CO)5]. Triphosphine complexes of the type [{M′(CO)5}(H)P{PPh2M(CO)5}] (M = M′ = Cr or Mo) are not formed from the reaction of HP[PPh2M(CO)5] with [M′(CO)5thf]. However they were prepared by reaction of [M′(CO)5PCl3] with Li[PPh2M(CO)5]. The products were characterized by NMR, IR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry.
    Notes: Über die Umsetzung von PCl3 mit [HPPh2W(CO)5] in Gegenwart von NEt3 werden stufenweise die komplexierten halogenhaltigen Di- und Triphosphane [Cl2PPPh2W(CO)5] und ClP[PPh2W(CO)5] gebildet. Die Synthese von dreifach mit [M(CO)5]-Gruppen komplexierten Triphosphanen des Typs [{M′(CO)5}(H)P{PPh2M(CO)5}] (M = M′ = Cr oder Mo) gelingt nicht ausgehend von HP[PPh2M(CO)5] in der Reaktion mit [M' (CO)5THF], sondern diese werden über die Umsetzung von [M′ (CO)5PCl3] mit Li[PPh2M(CO)5] gebildet. Die Produkte werden mittels NMR-, IR-Spektroskopie und Massenspektrometrie charakterisiert.
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  • 29
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: sulfur cyanides ; sulfur cyanide trifluoride ; sulfur dicyanide difluoride ; sulfinyl cyanide fluoride ; infrared ; Raman ; NMR ; uv ; mass spectra ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthese und Eigenschaften von Schwefelcyanidtrifluorid, SF3CN, Schwefeldicyaniddifluorid, SF2(CN)2, und Sulfinylcyanidfluorid, FS(O)CN.Schwefelcyanidtrifluorid, SF3CN, und Schwefeldicyaniddifluorid, SF2(CN)2, wurden hergestellt durch Methathese zwischen Schwefeltetrafluorid, SF4, und Trimethylsilylcyanid, (CH3)3SiCN, bei - 30°C. Die Umsetzung von SF3CN mit frisch sublimiertem Selendioxid, SeO2, führte zu Sulfinylcyanidfluorid. IR-, Raman, 19F-NMR-, UV und Massenspektren sowie einige physikalische und chemische Eigenschaften dieser neuen Verbindungen werden mitgeteilt.
    Notes: Sulfur cyanide trifluoride, SF3CN, and sulfur dicyanide difluoride, SF2(CN)2, have been prepared by metathesis between sulfur tetrafluoride, SF4, and trimethyl silyl cyanide, (CH3)3SiCN, at - 30°C. Treatment of SF3CN with freshly sublimed selenium dioxide, SeO2, lead to sulfinyl cyanide fluoride, FS(O)CN. IR, Raman, 19F-NMR, uv and mass spectra of the novel compounds are presented as well as some physical and chemical properties.
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  • 30
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Nickelcarbonyl Complexes ; Tripod Ligands ; Basic Complex Fragments ; Cage Structures ; IR ; MS ; NMR ; X-Ray ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Alternative Ligands. XXXI. Nickelcarbonyl Complexes of Tripod Ligands of the Type XM′(OCH2PMe2)n(CH2CH2PR2)3-n (M′ = Si, Ge; n = 0-3)The coordinating properties of the tripod ligands RM′(OCH2PMe2)n(CH2CH2PMe2)3-n (M′ = Si, Ge) (1-7), MeSi(OCH2PMe2)2CH2CH2P(CF3)2 (8), MeSi(OCH2PMe2)2CH2CH2NMe2(10) as well as of the tetradentate representative Si(OCH2PMe2)4 (9) have been investigated by the preparation of the novel nickel carbonyl complexes LNiCO (11-18), Si(OCH2PMe2)4[Ni(CO)2]2 (19) and (HOCH2PMe2)2Ni(CO)2 (20). They are obtained in moderate to good yields by the reaction of Ni(CO)4 with the corresponding ligands in toluene (20-111°C) (see Table 1). The new compounds have been characterized by analytical (C, H) and spectroscopic investigations (IR; 1H-, 13C-, 19F, 31P-NMR, MS). The ligand properties are discussed on the basis of spectroscopic data [in particular coordination shifts Δδ = δ(complex) - δ(ligand)] leading to the conclusion that the high electron density on Ni gives rise to a weak, but significant Ni→Si interaction. An important indication comes from the large low field shift ΔδF = 34.5 ppm for the SiF acceptor bridge in 17. This result is supported by an X-ray diffraction study of 11 giving an NiSi distance of 3.941(2) Å. With the exception of O2…P3 (Abb. 7) all other O…P through-cage contacts are longer than the NiSi distance. An additional release from the high charge density on Ni is obtained via π-backbonding to the neighbouring groups OCPMe2, CCPMe2 and CO.
    Notes: Die Koordinationseigenschaften der Tripod-Liganden RM′(OCH2PMe2)n(CH2CH2PMe2)3-n (M′ = Si, Ge) (1-7), MeSi(OCH2PMe2)2CH2CH2P(CF3)2 (8), MeSi(OCH2PMe2)2CH2CH2NMe2 (10) sowie des vierzähnigen Vertreters Si(OCH2PMe2)4 (9) wurden durch Darstellung der neuen Nickelcarbonylkomplexe LNiCO (11-18), Si(OCH2PMe2)4[Ni(CO)2]2 (19) und (HOCH2PMe2)2Ni(CO)2 (20) untersucht. Diese sind in mäßigen bis guten Ausbeuten durch Umsetzung von Ni(CO)4 mit den entsprechenden Liganden in Toluol (20 bis 111 °C) zugänglich (s. Tab. 1). Die neuen Verbindungen wurden durch analytische (C, H) und spektroskopische Untersuchung (IR; 1H-, 13C-, 19F-, 31P-NMR, MS) charakterisiert. Die Ligandeneigenschaften werden auf der Basis der spektroskopischen Daten [insbesondere der Koordinationsverschiebungen Δδ = δ(Komplex) - δ(Ligand)] diskutiert. Als Schlußfolgerung ergibt sich, daß die hohe Elektronendichte am Ni zu einer schwachen, aber signifikanten Ni → Si-Wechselwirkung führt. Darauf weist insbesondere die überraschend große Tieffeldverschiebung ΔδF = 34,5 ppm für die SiF-Akzeptorbrücke in 17 hin. Dieser Befund wird durch eine Röntgenstrukturanalyse an 11 gestützt, die einen NiSi-Abstand von 3,941(2) Å ergibt. Mit Ausnahme von O2…P3 (Abb. 7) sind alle übrigen O…P-Kontakte durch den Käfig länger als der NiSi-Abstand. Eine zusätzliche Entlastung des Ni von der hohen Ladungsdichte erfolgt durch π-Rückbindung zu den Nachbargruppen OCPMe2, CCPMe2 und CO.
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 620 (1994), S. 898-907 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Primary phosphine ; Primary phosphine oxide, sulfide selenide ; H/D-Exchange ; NMR ; 1-Adamantyldichlorophosphine ; Co-ordination compounds ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Reactions of Primary Phosphines Involving Sterically Demanding Substituents: The Case of 1-AdamantylphosphineThe reaction of 1-AdPH2 1 with equimolar amounts of H2O2 · C(:O)(NH2)2, sulfur and selenium furnished the corresponding primary phosphine oxides, sulfides and selenides, 2, 5 and 7. In these compounds the PH-protons may be exchanged quantitatively for deuterons by the action of CH3OD/trifluoroacetic acid anhydride, while the reaction of 1 with the same agent gave a mixture of 1-AdPH2 1, 1-AdPHD 1a and 1-AdPD2 1b. The reaction of 1 with activated carbonyl compounds, R1R2C(:O) led to the di-adducts 9 and 10 and to the mono-adduct 11 of the general type 1-AdPH2-n[C(OH)R1R2]n [n = 2 for 9 (R1 = H, R2 = CCl3) and 10 (R1 = H, R2 = COOH); n = 1 for 11 (R1 = Ph, R2 = CF3)]. 11 decomposed in solution, giving 1-AdPH2 1 and trifluoroacetophenone. 1-Adamantylphospholanium tribromide 12 was synthesized by heating 1 in 1,4-dibromobutane and was converted into the corresponding hexafluorophosphate 12a and the oxide 13. The action of a 2.5-fold excess of phosgene on 1 gave 1-AdPCl2 15 in high yield. The reaction of 1-AdPH2 1 with Ph3SnCl led to the formation of P—Sn-bonds. An attempt at the separation of the mixture of the mono- and distannylation products, 16 and 17, was unsuccessful. Metal complexes of the type cis-(1-AdPH2)2MCl2 (M = Pd: 18, M = Pt: 19) were obtained by reaction of 1-AdPH2 1 with (COD)MCl2 (COD = 1,5-cyclo-octadiene). In the same way (NOR)Mo(CO)4 (NOR = norbornadiene) and (CHT)Mo(CO)3 (CHT = cycloheptatriene) reacted with two or three equivalents of 1 to give the expected co-ordination compounds, cis-L2Mo(CO)4 21 and fac-L3Mo(CO)3 22 (L = 1), respectively. The phosphido complex Cp(CO)2Mo(μ-1-AdPH)(μ-H)Mo(CO)2Cp 23 (Cp = cyclopentadienyl) was formed by refluxing a solution of 1 and [CpMo(CO)3]2 in methylcyclohexane.
    Notes: Die Umsetzung von 1-AdPH2 1 mit äquimolaren Mengen H2O2 · C(:O)(NH2)2, Schwefel und Selen führte zu den entsprechenden primären Phosphinoxiden, -sulfiden und -seleniden 2, 5 und 7. In ihnen ließen sich die PH-Protonen durch Einwirkung von CH3OD/TFA-Anhydrid quantitativ gegen Deuteronen austauschen, während die Einwirkung dieses Agens auf 1 zu einem Gemisch aus 1-AdPH2 1, 1-AdPHD 1a und 1-AdPD2 1b führte. Die Umsetzung von 1 mit aktivierten Carbonylverbindungen R1R2C(:O) lieferte im Fall von R1 = H, R2 = CCl3 oder COOH die Diadditionsprodukte 9 und 10, im Fall von R1 = Ph, R2 = CF3 das Monoadditionsprodukt 11 vom allgemeinen Typ 1-AdPH2-n[C(OH)R1R2]n mit n = 2 bei 9, 10 und n = 1 bei 11, wobei sich 11 in Lösung unter Rückbildung der Edukte zersetzte. 1-Adamantylphospholaniumtribromid 12 wurde durch Erhitzen von 1 in 1,4-Dibrombutan gebildet und in das Hexafluorphosphat 12a und das Oxid 13 umgewandelt. Die Einwirkung eines 2,5fachen Überschusses Phosgen auf 1 lieferte 1-AdPCl2 15 in hoher Ausbeute. Die Reaktion von 1 mit Ph3SnCl führte zur Knüpfung von P—Sn-Bindungen, das Gemisch der Mono- und Distannylierungsprodukte 16 und 17 ließ sich jedoch nicht trennen. Metallkomplexe des Typs cis-(1-AdPH2)2MCl2 (M = Pd: 18, M = Pt: 19) wurden aus 1-AdPH2 und (COD)MCl2 dargestellt (COD = 1,5-Cyclooctadien). Ebenso reagierten (NOR)Mo(CO)4 (NOR = Norbornadien) und (CHT)Mo(CO)3 (CHT = Cycloheptatrien) mit zwei bzw. drei Äquivalenten 1-AdPH2 1 unter Bildung der erwarteten Komplexe cis-L2Mo(CO)4 21 und fac-L3Mo(CO)3 22 (L = 1). Der Phosphidokomplex Cp(CO)2Mo(μ-1-AdPH)(μ-H)Mo(CO)2Cp 23 (Cp = Cyclopentadienyl) wurde durch Umsetzung von 1 mit [CpMo(CO)3]2 in siedendem Methylcyclohexan erhalten.
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  • 32
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    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 620 (1994), S. 1357-1363 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: (Me2SiNCN)4 ; Me3SiNCNSiMe3 ; X-Ray ; NMR ; IR ; Raman ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Crystal and Molecular Structures of (Me2SiNCN)4 (1) and Me3SiNCNSiMe3 (2)Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization (NMR, IR, Raman and MS) and crystal structure of the novel compound 1 are described. The molecules form almost planar 16 membered rings with four SiMe2-groups connected to four NCN groups. The corresponding compound 2 exhibits a phase transition from the HT phase 2a to the LT phase 2b at 131 K. Consecutive X-ray structure determinations of the molecular structures of both modifications were performed on a crystal, grown in situ on the diffractometer at 231 K.
    Notes: Für die neuartige Verbindung 1 werden Synthese, spektroskopische Charakterisierung (NMR, IR, Raman und MS) und die Kristallstruktur beschrieben. Das Molekül besteht aus einem nahezu planaren 16gliedrigen Ring, in dem vier SiMe2-Gruppen mit vier NCN-Gruppen verknüpft sind. Die Vergleichsverbindung 2 zeigt eine Phasenumwandlung von der HT-Phase 2a in die TT-Phase 2b bei 131 K. Die Molekülstrukturen beider Modifikationen wurden nacheinander durch Röntgenstrukturanalyse an einem in situ bei 231 K auf dem Diffraktometer gezüchteten Kristall bestimmt.
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  • 33
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    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 7 (1993), S. 243-252 
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Organotin ; biocidal ; biological ; Mössbauer ; NMR ; IR ; peptide ; protein ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Triorganotin(IV) derivatives of N-acetyldipeptides R3SnAcDip; R=Me, Et, n-Bu, n-Oct, Cy or Ph (HAcDip=N-acetylglycylglycine and N-acetylglycylvaline; R=Me, n-Bu, Cy, HAcDip=N-acetylglycylalanine) were obtained by neutralization of R3SnOH and HAcDip. The complexes were studied by means of 119Sn Mössbauer, IR and 1H, 13C and 119Sn NMR spectroscopy. The C—Sn—C bond angles have been inferred by rationalization of Mössbauer nuclear quadrupole splittings as well as from NMR coupling constants. Correlations of Mössbauer isomer shifts with partial atomic charges on tin atoms have been determined: Polymeric trigonal bipyramidal structures, with near-planar R3Sn units and axial carboxylate (unidentate) and C=O amide donor groups are inferred for all the compounds in the solid state, except for Cy3SnAcGlyVal for which a tetrahedral structure is proposed. In solution the complexes are monomeric; in methanol a solvent molecule is coordinated to tin which then is still in a trigonal bipyramidal environment.
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  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 8 (1994), S. 463-471 
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Arsenic ; organic arsenic ; C. roseus ; cells ; NMR ; biomolecules ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1H spin-echo NMR spectroscopy of intact cells of C. roseus facilitates monitoring changes inside the cells on treatment with arsenicals. This in situ detection method is non-invasive and non-destructive in comparison to other available biochemical methods. Short term uptake of the arsinicals, methylarsinate MMA and dimethylarsenate DMA, by C. roseus cells that have reached stationary phase in 1-B5 medium, is followed by using NMR spectroscopy, and in particular, the Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill pulse sequence. An increase in the peak height of the methylarsenic resonance over a period of 11 h is indicative of uptake of each arsenical. However, there is no evidence of any biotransformation products in the 1H NMR spectra. The accumulation site of DMA is probably the vacuole as is seen from the change in the chemical shift of DMA as it moves into a compartment of lower pH. Biochemical changes associated with the presence of arsenicals are evident in the 1H NMR spectra of C. roseus cells isolated at different stages in the growth cycle. Although uptake has been demonstrated by other analytical techniques, the resonances corresponding to both MMA and DMA are not observed in the 1H NMR spectra of cells growing in media containing each arsenical. The association of these arsenicals with large biomolecules in the cell may account for these absences. In this event, the spins-spin relaxation time of the arsenic species would shorten and the signals would not be seen in the spin-echo NMR spectrum. In cells growing in the presence of MMA, a new resonance is observed at a chemical shift position 2.2 ppm after 15 days of growth. The shift in position of the resonance, from 1.75 ppm expected at physiological pH, may indicate an altered environment around the arsenic species such as high intracellular acidity.
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  • 35
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Diorganotin ; salicylic acid ; NMR ; Mössbauer ; antitumor ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis of dimethyl-, diethyl- and/or di-t-butyl-tin(IV) derivatives of substituted salicylic acids of the type a, (X-Y-2-OH-C6H2COO)2SnR2 (X, Y = H, H; H, 5-CH3; H, 5-Cl; H, 5-F; H, 3-CH3O; H, 5-CH3O; 3-CH3, 6-(CH3)2CH; 3,5-[(CH3)2CH]2 and 4,5-benzo) and b {[R2(X-Y-2-OH-C6H2COO)Sn]2O}2 (X, Y = H, 3-CH3O; H, 5-CH3O: 3-CH3, 6-(CH3)2CH; 3,5-[(CH3)2CH]2 and 4,5-benzo) is reported. Their characterization by 1H, 13C and 119Sn NMR, Mössbauer and mass spectrometry is described. The in vitro antitumor activity of selected derivatives against two human tumoral cell lines, MCF-7 and WiDr, is presented.
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  • 36
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Organotin ; benzoate ; antitumour ; X-ray ; NMR ; Mössbauer ; mass spectrometry ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Di-n-butyltin(IV) and diethyltin(IV) 2,3,4-, 2,4,5- and 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoates [(CH3O)3C6H2COO]2SnR [Type a] and {[(CH3O)3C6H2COO]R2Sn}2O [Type b] have been synthesized and characterized spectroscopically.The crystal structure of bis[di-n-butyl(3,4,5- trimethoxybenzoato)tin] oxide has been determined. The triclinic unit cell contains one centrosymmetric dimer; a = 15.919(2) Å, b = 11.711(3) Å, c = 13.475(1) Å, and α = 63.63(2)°, β = 67.49(1)°, γ = 76.61(2)°. The geometry of the dimer is very similar to that of bis[di-n-butyl(5-methoxysalicylatotin] oxide), with two different types of five-coordinate tin atoms and one central planar Sn2O2 ring.
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  • 37
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Organotin ; nitrogen ligands ; synthesis ; antitumour activity ; NMR ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis and characterization of 10 new bis(;alkoxycarbonylmethyl)tin dibromides and of 14 of their complexes with bidentate nitrogen ligands (;bipyridyl, 1,10-phenanthroline and 5-nitro-1, 10-phenanthroline) are described. Their proton NMR spectra are discussed. Their in vitro antitumour activity against two human cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and WiDr, is low compared to antitumour drugs used clinically.
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  • 38
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Organotin ; NMR ; anti-tumour ; Mössbauer ; mass spectrum ; carboxylate ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Eleven di-n-butyltin(;IV) derivatives of the type (;a) (;C4H9)2(;XYC6H3COO)2Sn or (;b) {[(;C4H9)2(;XYC6-H3COO)Sn]2O}2 (;X, Y = H, 2-OH, compound 1a; H, 2-OCH3, compounds 2a and 2b; H, 2-OCOCH3, 3a; 2-OH, 3-OCH3, 4a; 2-OH, 3-CH3, 5a; H, 3-OCH3, 6a and 6b; H, 3-N(;CH3)2, 7a; H, 2-(;CF3), 5-(;CF3), 8a and 3-OCH3, 4-OH, 9a) have been prepared and characterized by 1H, 13C and 119Sn NMR, Mössbauer and mass spectroscopy. The in vitro antitumour activity of these compounds against MCF-7 human tumour cells was higher than that of cis-platin, but only three compounds, 4a, 8a and 9a, scored better than cis-platin against the WiDr cell line.
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  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 8 (1994), S. 113-117 
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Organotin ; stannacycloalkyl compounds ; dipeptides ; Mössbauer ; NMR ; IR ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Stannacyclohexyl and stannacycloheptyl derivatives of dipeptides (CH2)nSnAA · xH2O (H2AA = H2GlyGly, with n = 5, x = 2 or n = 6, x = 1; H2AA = H2GlyAla, H2GlyVal, H2GlyMet, with n = 5, 6, x = 1) and stannepinyl glycylglycinate monohydrate have been obtained by the reaction of (CH2)nSnCl2 or stannepinyl dichloride with Na2AA. According to infrared and 119Sn Mössbauer data of the solid compounds, AA acts as a tridentate ONN ligand and tin has a trigonalbipyramidal environment. An analogous structure has been inferred from 1H, 13C, and 119Sn NMR data for the undissociated molecules in methanol solution.
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  • 40
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Organotin ; dipeptides ; structures ; X-ray diffraction ; NMR ; Mössbauer ; infrared ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The dipeptide complexes R2SnL listed below have been synthesized: (a) Me2SnL; H2L = glycylalanine (H2GlyAla), glycylvaline (H2GlyVal), glycylmethionine (H2GlyMet), glycyltryptophan (H2GlyTrp), glycyltyrosine (H2GlyTyr); (b) nBu2SnL; H2L = H2GlyAla, H2GlyVal; (c) nBu2SnL.H2O; H2L = glycylglycine (H2GlyGly), H2GlyAla; (d) tBu2SnL; H2L = H2GlyAla, H2GlyVal; (e) tBu2SnGlyGly. H2O; (f) Ph2SnL; H2L = H2GlyAla, H2GlyVal, H2GlyTyr, H2GlyTrp; (g) Ph2Sn(HGlyVal)2. The crystal and molecular structures of nBu2SnGl Val have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The polyhedron around tin is a distorted trigonal bipyramid, analogous to that of Et2SnGlyTyr (see Vornefeld et al., Appl. Organomet. Chem., 1992, 6: 75). According to infrared and 119Sn (ΔE parameters) Mössbauer spectroscopic data the R2SnL derivatives can be classified by their solid-state structure into two types which are distinguished by the nature of the axial carboxylate [(i) monodentate, as in nBu2SnGlyVal; (ii) bidentate]. Bonding in R2SnL.H2O and Ph2Sn(HGlyVal)2 has been discussed on the basis of vibrational data. Rationalization of the 119Sn Mössbauer parameters has been attempted by ‘literal’ point-charge model, calculations of ΔE in the structural context described above. According to 13C NMR spectra, compounds Me2SnL are undissociated in methanol solutions, whilst dissociation is inferred for aqueous solutions, probably concerning the carboxyl and amino groups only. Five-coordination in methanol and aqueous solutions has been assumed for Me2Snl from 119Sn NMR chemical shifts. Values of coupling constants |2J(119Sn, 1H)|, determined from 1H NMR spectra, gave estimates of C—Sn—C angles in Me2SnL in the range 128-136° in methanol and aqueous solutions, which correspond to values from 119Sn Mössbauer ΔE parameters (129.6-133.8°). The structural relationship of R2SnL molecules in the solid state and in solution phase has been discussed.
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  • 41
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    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 7 (1993), S. 655-660 
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Triorganotin(IV) complexes ; triorganolead(IV) complexes ; semicarbazones ; antimicrobial studies ; NMR ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Triorganotin(IV) and triorganolead(IV) derivatives of the types Me3Sn(SCZ) and Ph3Pb(SCZ) (where SCZ- is the anion of a semicarbanzone ligand) have been synthesized by substitution reactions of trimethyltin chloride and triphenyl-lead chloride with semicarbazones derived from heterocyclic ketones. The resulting complexes have been characterized by elemental analyses, molecualr weight determinations and conductivity measurements. The mode of bonding has been established on the basis of infrared and 1H, 13C and 119Sn NMR spectroscopic studies. Some respresentative complexes have also been evaluated for their antimicrobial effects on different species of pathogenic fungi and bacteria; the results of these investigations have been reported in the present paper.
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  • 42
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Organotin ; synthesis ; Mössbauer ; NMR ; O-cyclohexadiamine ; adducts ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: o-Cyclohexadiamine (the base component of tetraplatin) adducts of Ph2Sn(OCOCH3)2, nBu2Sn(OCOH3)2, (PhCH2)2Sn(OCOCH3)2, PhSn(OCOCF3)3, BuSn(OCOCH3)3 and Sn(OCOCH3)4 have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and spectroscopy. The compounds appear to be the first such adducts in their class.
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  • 43
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 609 (1992), S. 63-66 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Sulfinimidamides ; thiosulfurdiimides ; synthesis ; NMR ; mass spectra ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: S-Transfer Reactions with Bis(imidazolo)sulfane and Silylated Sulfur-Nitrogen Compounds: Synthesis of Functionally ThiosulfurdiimidesSulfinimideamides Rs(NSiMe3)N(SiMe3)2 (1) (R = t-Bu or Ph) react with bis(imidazolo)sulfane via SIV → II-„ redox transimination“ yielding thiosulfurdiimides RSN — S — NSiMe3 (2), which reacts with further bis(imidazolo)sulfane to give dithiosulfur-dimides RSN — NSR (3). Solvolysis of 2 with MeOH gives the corresponding NH-compounds RSN — S — NH (4).
    Notes: Sulfinimidamide RS(NSiMe3) N(SiMe3)2 (1) (R = t-Bu oder Ph) reagieren mit Bis (imidazolo)sulfan unter SIV → SII -„Redox-Transiminierung“ zu Thioschwefeldiimiden RSN = S= NSiMe3 (2), die mit weiterem Bis(imidazolo)sulfan Dithioschwefeldiimide RSN —S — NSR (3) ergeben. Die Solvolyse von 2 mit MeOH führt zur Bildung der korrespondierenden NH-Verbindungen RSN — S— NH (4).
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  • 44
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 620 (1994), S. 173-176 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Cyclopolyphosphines ; NMR ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Tris-1-adamantylcyclotriphosphine and Tetrakis-1-adamantylcyclotetraphosphine: Two Peradamantylated Examples from the Cyclopolyphosphine Series (RP)nDepending on the halogen substitution at the phosphorus atom, 1-adamantyldihalophosphines of the type 1-AdPX2 (X = Cl, Br) react with sodium to give tris-1-adamantylcyclotriphosphine 1 (X = Cl) or tetra-kis-1-adamantylcyclotetraphosphine 2 (X = Br). The latter is also formed in the reaction of approximately equimolar quantities of 1-adamantylphosphine and phosgene. The 31P-NMR-parameters are discussed and compared with those of the analogous tbutyl compounds.
    Notes: In Abhängigkeit von der Halogensubstitution am Phosphoratom reagieren 1-adamantylsubstituierte Dihalogenphosphine des Typs 1-AdPX2 (X = Cl, Br) mit Natrium zu Tris-1-adamantylcyclotriphosphin 1 für X = Cl oder Tetra-kis-1-adamantylcyclotetraphosphin 2 für X = Br. Letzteres läßt sich auch durch Umsetzung annähernd äquimolarer Mengen 1-Adamantylphosphin und Phosgen darstellen. Die ermittelten 31P-NMR-Parameter werden diskutiert und denen strukturanaloger tButyl-Verbindungen gegenübergestellt.
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  • 45
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Diorganotin ; carboxylate ; NMR ; Mössbauer ; antitumour ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis and characterization of tetraethylammonium (diorgano)halogeno(2, 6-pyridinedicarboxylato)stannates are described. The solution structures of these complexes in CDCl3 and DMSO are discussed on the basis of 119Sn and 19F NMR data. Their in vitro antitumour activities against two human tumour cell lines, MCF-7 and WiDr, are presented.
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  • 46
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Organotin ; 2-mercaptopyridine ; pyridine-2-thiolato complexes ; Mössbauer ; IR ; NMR ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Diorganotin(IV) derivatives of 2-mercaptopyridine (HSPy), R2Sn(SPy)2, R2SnCl(SPy) (R = Me, iPr, nBu, tBu, Cy, Ph) and Cy2SnBr(SPy), were obtained from R2SnX2 (X = Cl, Br) and NaSPy.Ph2SnCl(SPy) crystals, as determined by singlecrystal X-ray diffraction, are monoclinic in the space group P21/n. Tin forms with the bidentate SPy ligand a four-membered chelate ring with a short NSnS bite angle of 64.8(1)° leading to a heavily distorted trigonal-bipyramidal environment about tin. Apical Cl-Sn-N angle = 156.1(1)° equatorial C-Sn-C angle = 121.9(2)°. From 119Sn Mössbauer and IR data, analogous structures are inferred for the other solid compounds R2SnX(SPy), and distorted octahedral molecular structures for the solid compounds R2Sn(SPy)2 with R in the trans position, and sulfur atoms and nitrogen-donor atoms each in cis positions. According to IR and 1H, 13C and 119Sn NMR data, the solid-state molecular structures are retained in chloroform solution.
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  • 47
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 28 (1990), S. 660-662 
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: 13C ; NMR ; N-Heterocyclic hydrazones ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The total assignment of the 13C NMR spectra of (E)-2-pyridinecarbaldehyde pyridin-2′-ylhydrazone and eight analogues is reported. The assignment of the spectra was achieved by comparison with data from the hydrazone precursors and other similar compounds.
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  • 48
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: NMR ; Gallium-71 ; Aluminium-27 ; Pillaring ; Tridecamer ; Hydrolysis ; Dodecaaluminiogallium polyoxycation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 71Ga and 27Al NMR and clay mineral pillaring studies were used to investigate the hydrolysis of Al(H2O)63+-Ga(H2O)63+ solutions, mixed in an Al:Ga mole ratio of 12:1, and confirmed the formation of the previously proposed GaO4Al12(OH)24(H2O)127+ polyoxycation. This species has been found to be formed in marked preference to both AlO4Al12(OH)24(H2O)127+ and the previously identified GaO4Ga12(OH)24(H2O)127+ ions, and further to have a much higher thermal stability in solution than either of these. It is suggested that the reason for the increased stability of the ‘GaAl12’ species is that the substitution of a larger metal into the central tetrahedral position has resulted in the formation of a less distorted structure.
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  • 49
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: 1H and 13C ; NMR ; TIBO ; Chemical shift assignments ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Proton and carbon NMR chemical shift assignments for (+)-(S)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroimidazo-9-chloro-5-methyl-6-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)imidazo[4,5,1-jk][1,4] benzodiazepin-2(1H)-thione (TIBO) were made based on 1D and 2D NMR measurements at 9.4 T.
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  • 50
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 28 (1990), S. 874-877 
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: NMR ; 13C ; 15N ; Protonation ; Imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1H and 13C NMR spectra are reported and assigned for imidazo[1,2-a] pyrazine and for N-1-methyl- and N-7-methyl-imidazo[1,2-a] pyrazinium iodides. The effect of protonation on the chemical shifts of the parent molecule is demonstrated, and through the use of 13C and 15N NMR spectra the site of protonation is deduced to be at N-1, in contrast to 2-aryl substituted compounds synthesised as potential cardiotonic agents where protonation occurs at N-7.
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  • 51
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 29 (1991), S. 184-187 
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: 13C ; NMR ; Aggregation ; Mobility ; Neurotransmitter ; Solvent effects ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Carbon-13 spin-lattice relaxation times and nuclear Overhauser enhancements were measured for acetylcholine and several structural analogues, and interpreted in terms of segmental motion and aggregation.
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  • 52
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: NMR ; LIS ; Conformations ; 2-Substituted 1,3-dioxanes ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A LIS analysis of 2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxane (1) and 2-methyl-2-phenyl-1,3-dioxane (2) is reported. The monodentate complexing model gives good agreement with the observed shifts in both compounds, whereas the bidentate model (lanthanum binding to both oxygens) does not give an acceptable solution. In 1 the lanthanide complexes almost exclusively (90%) with the axial lone pair of the oxygen atom. The four-site binding model gives excellent agreement with the observed shifts (Rx 3.5%). In 2 a similar lanthanide binding is found, and the analysis of the LIS allows both the deduction of the molecular conformation (C-2-methyl equatorial, C-2-phenyl axial) and also the orientation of the phenyl group (perpendicular).
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  • 53
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 30 (1992), S. 595-605 
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: NMR ; Region-selective inverse detected long-range heteronuclear chemical shift correlation ; Shaped pulses ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: F1 region-selected variants of the HMBC experiment were compared and evaluated. In particular, a significant advantage was demonstrated for an E-BURP-2 pulse over a Gaussian 270° pulse for region-selected applications. The Gaussian 270° pulse would still, however, be the preferred pulse for use in single-resonance, on-resonance selective excitation. Data are presented from NMR spectrometers both equipped and not equipped with programmable pulse modulators (waveform generators). Pulse evaluations were performed using the simple heteroaromatic alkaloid quindoline; application of the technique to the important immunosuppressive cyclic peptide cyclosporin-A is also presented and discussed.
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  • 54
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 31 (1993), S. 203-209 
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: 1H NMR ; 13C ; NMR ; 19F NMR ; Steroids ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Analyses of the 1H, 13C and 19F NMR spectra of 15 mono-, di-, tri- or tetrafluoro-substituted steroids were carried out by two-dimensional 1H—1H and 1H—13C shift correlation experiments.
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  • 55
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 31 (1993), S. 222-230 
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: Amphetamines ; NMR ; Relaxation times ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A series of phenylethylamine and amphetamine derivatives were synthesized in order to determine the nature of the internal and overall molecular dynamics in these systems. 13C and 2H NMR relaxation times were measured. For the latter measurements, compounds specifically deuteriated in the side-chains were synthesized. The relaxation data were analysed via a computer model incorporating the spectral density function for axially symmetric anisotropic motion. The motion of these molecules was found to be substantially anisotropic, with rotation about the symmetry axis of the molecule being at least twice as fast as rotation normal to the symmetry axis. The results of more complex models of axially symmetric anisotropic molecular motion, involving internal rotation or conic diffusion of the side-chains, were found to be sensitive to variation of the input data, but the correlation times for internal rotation of the ring - C-β bond were longer than might have been expected. Similarly, owing to its flexibility, the effective correlation times of atoms in the side-chain were found to be faster than those of the ring carbons, but did not always decrease along the side chain. Intermolecular interactions or aggregation states in CDCl3 may reduce segmental motion of side-chains. A particular feature of the current study is that it was demonstrated that deuteriation of the side-chain gives a unique opportunity to determine independently side-chain correlation times via the quadrupolar relaxation times of the 2H nucleus, and to compare these results with those of the carbon atoms. These correlation times were found to be in very good agreement with those obtained from the 13C data.
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  • 56
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 31 (1993), S. 424-425 
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: 1H ; NMR ; 13C ; NMR ; Phenanthrenes ; Stilbenes ; Oxygenated ; side-chains ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The assignment of the 13C and 1H resonances of phenanthrenes and stilbenes di-substituted with oxygenated side-chains is presented based on chemical shifts, multiplicities and proton-selective irradiation.
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  • 57
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 31 (1993), S. 585-589 
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: Ethanediol ; NMR ; Coupling constants ; Conformation ; Inverse detection ; Gradients ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The 1H NMR spectrum of [13C]ethane-1,2-diol was measured at natural abundance using the 1H—13C inverse-detected HMQC method with magnetic field gradients. A limited solvent and temperature dependence study was undertaken and the vicinal 1H—1H coupling constants were related to those in model compounds. It is shown that the trans rotamer is significantly populated, in contradiction to some recent theoretical and experimental studies.
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  • 58
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: 1H NMR ; 13C ; NMR ; Disaccharides ; Branched trisaccharides ; Glycosylation effects ; Deviation from additivity Di-equatorial branching ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1H and 13C NMR data for a series of 2-O-, 3-O- and 2,3-di-O-glycosylated methyl α-and β-D-gluco- and β-D-galactopyrano-sides are presented. The glycosylation effects on the spectra of disaccharides and the deviations from additivity values in the spectra of trisaccharides were determined.
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  • 59
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 31 (1993), S. 694-695 
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: 15N ; NMR ; spectroscopy ; Carbolines ; Reduced β-carbolines ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The 15N NMR spectra of α-, β-, γ- and δ-carboline and a series of methyl, dihydro and tetrahydro derivatives are reported.
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  • 60
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: NMR ; 15N ; 13C ; P-450 ; REDOR ; Mechanism-based inactivator ; Suicide substrate ; α-Diketo adducts ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: To determine the feasibility of using NMR to study the inactivation of cytochromes P-450 by dichloroacetamide-containing mechanism-based inactivators, 13C, 15N-enriched compounds were synthesized, modeling adducts between the nucleophilic side-chains of cysteine, lysine, serine (threonine) and tyrosine and the α-aminooxoacyl chloride that presumably results from enzymatic conversion of a dichloroacetamide-containing inhibitor. 13C chemical shifts of the carbonyls attached to the nucleophiles easily distinguish the model cysteine adduct (δ 192.3) from the other adducts (δ 159.6-161.8). Although the other adducts cannot be distinguished at this carbon, the carbonyl attached to the 15N two bonds away can distinguish the lysine mimic (δ 161.2 or 161.3) from the serine (threonine) and tyrosine mimics (δ 156.1-158.1). These assignments were made by comparing 15N/13C J values and were confirmed by solid-state rotational echo double resonance (REDOR) studies. Finally, aminooxo-15N chemical shifts three bonds removed from the nucleophile can distinguish adducts formed to lysine (δ 108.3), cysteine (δ 104.8) and oxygen-containing side-chains (δ 112.8-113.9).
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  • 61
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 32 (1994), S. 166-172 
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: NMR ; Lithium-7 ; Lithium-6 ; Magic angle spinning ; Quadrupolar interactions ; Tetrahydroborate complexes ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Lithium-7 and lithium-6 spectra were obtained for four solid air-sensitive complexes of LiBH4 under both magic angle spinning (MAS) and static conditions. The MAS experiments were carried out using a specially designed rotor insert to prevent degradation of the sample. The spectra yield semi-quantitative information about the magnitude of the quadrupolar coupling constants, but some structure in the static spectra cannot be fully explained. Chemical shift variations are, as expected, modest. Only a single MAS centreband is seen in each case, suggesting that there is only one lithium atom in the asymmetric unit.
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  • 62
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: NMR ; 13C NMR ; Conformation ; Ab initio calculations ; 1-cis-Methoxy-1,3-trans-butadiene ; 1-trans-Methoxy-1,3-trans-butadiene ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The proton-coupled 13C NMR spectra of 1-trans-methoxy- (2) and 1-cis-methoxy-1,3-trans-butadiene (3) are consistent with a methoxy heavy atom planar conformation with s-syn and s-anti orientations, respectively. Ab initio 6-31G* calculations confirmed such conformations. They were taken as model compounds to determine the influence of electrostatic interactions on the methoxy 13C NMR parameters. A shielding increase of 4 ppm is observed in 2, with respect to 3, for the OMe 13C chemical shift in an s-syn conformation and is ascribed to the attraction between the methyl and vinyl moieties as proposed by Li and Chesnut. The methyl 1J(C,H) coupling is not affected by this interaction, showing that the carbon 2p electrons are more polarizable than those in the 2s orbital.
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  • 63
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: NMR ; 1H NMR ; 13C NMP ; Naphthylidineanilines ; π polarization ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 13C and 1H chemical shifts are assigned, using 2D methods, for naphthylidineaniline derivatives with CF3 groups substituted in the phenyl group. The 13C chemical shifts for the naphthalene rings are interpreted in terms of remote π polarization effects.
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  • 64
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 32 (1994), S. 210-212 
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: NMR ; 1H NMR ; 13C NMR MM3 program ; Altona's equation ; Conformational analysis ; Tricyclo[4.3.1.12,5]undec-3-en-10-one ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A high preference for the boat conformation of tricyclo[4.3.1.12,5]undec-3-en-10-one was established on the basis of 1H NMR spectroscopy with the aid of molecular mechanics calculations (MM3 program).
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  • 65
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: Protonation ; Tautomerism ; NMR ; Imidazo[1,2-a]imidazole ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The tautomerism and protonation of the putative inotropic 2-(2′,4′-dimethoxy)phenyl-1H-imidazo[1,2-a]imidazole (2) has been studied in several solvents by comparing its 1H and 13C chemical shifts with those of its 1- and 7-methyl derivatives 3 and 4, respectively, and acid salts. Tautomer and rotamer populations were also estimated from measurements of proton relaxation rates and NOE effects. Heterocycle 2 exists predominantly as the 1H-tautomer in CDCl3, but as the 7H-tautomer in DMSO-d6 and methanol-d4-D2O solutions. In CDCl3 solution, 2 appears to exist with the N-1-H and 2′-OMe groups adjacent, but in DMSO-d6 the conformation is the rotated form with N-7-H and H-6′ adjacent; 3 exists as a mixture of rotamers in CDCl3 and in DMSO-d6 whereas 4 is in the form with the N-7-Me and H-6′ adjacent in both solvents. The observed conformational preferences have been compared with the results of semi-empirical molecular orbital calculations and found to be in broad agreement. Protonation of 2 occurs mainly at N-1 in DMSO-d6 and at N-7 in CDCl3, as expected from observed tautomeric ratios in the free base.
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  • 66
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 30 (1992), S. 940-943 
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: Quinazoline-iodine interaction ; NMR ; Nematic phase ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The results of an NMR study of the interaction of quinazoline with iodine in the nematic phase indicate the formation of at least two different types of charge-transfer complexes. Significant changes in the molecular geometry of the quinazoline moiety were observed as a result of complexation with iodine. Detailed information on the formation of the charge-transfer complexes was derived from the changes in the molecular structure, order parameters and chemical shifts as functions of iodine concentration. The observed changes in the order parameters are interpreted in terms of bond interaction tensors.
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  • 67
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 30 (1992), S. 173-176 
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: NMR ; Relaxation ; Selective pulses ; Distance ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An efficient method of measuring proton spin-lattice cross-relaxation rates in small molecules is proposed. The method involves measuring the difference in relaxation rates in a non-selective experiment and in one with all resonances except one of interest inverted. This procedure yields cross-relaxation rates between this nucleus and all other nuclei. These rates are independent of the effects of non-excited heteronuclei and of non-dipolar contributions and can be used to determine relative inter-proton distances. The method was tested using 7-azaindole and compared favourably with the standard NOE method for estimating proton proximities requiring less data acquisition time.
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  • 68
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 31 (1993), S. 17-22 
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: NMR ; Coupling constants ; NOE ; Conformation ; Configuration C-20 substituted 5β,14β-pregnanes,5β-pregn-14-enes and 21-nor-5β,14β-pregnanes ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Coupling constants and nuclear Overhauser effect measurements were used to establish the C-20 configuration and the conformation about the C-17—C-20 bond in a series of sixteen C-20-substituted 5β,14β-pregn-14-enes. In the 14β-pregnane series the conformation of the C-17 side-chain is variable, whereas in the pregnenes the side-chain adopts a conformation in which H-17 is anti to H-20. The C-17 side-chain conformation of two 21-nor-5β,14β-pregnanes was also determined. In the 21-nor compounds a C-20 hydroxyl adopts a conformation anti to H-17, while a C-20 nitro group is anti to C-13.
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  • 69
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 31 (1993), S. 509-511 
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: NMR ; 2H NMR ; 1D-TOCSY ; 2H-TOCSY ; Magnetization transfer Selective excitation ; Pyridine-d5 ; Deuteriated cyclohexanes ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The 1D-TOCSY experiment for 2H NMR is introduced and applications for signal assignments are illustrated with the spectra of pyridine-d5 and iodo- and chlorocyclohexane-d11. The potential of the method for the analysis of overlapping 2H spectra is demonstrated.
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  • 70
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 31 (1993), S. 1064-1071 
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: NMR ; 205Tl ; Solid state ; Zeolites A. X and Y ; Thallium ; Frequency-stepped spin-echo integral method (FUSSI) ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Thallium-205 NMR is reported for several zeolite samples (A, X and Y; hydrated and dehydrated) with thallium(I) exchanged for sodium. Detection at high field (7.05 T) clarifies the spectrum appearance, and it is seen that chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) dominates some of the band shapes. The large CSAs dictate that the spectrum is recorded piecewise by a frequency-stepped spin-echo integral (FUSSI) method. Magic-angle sample spinning has been observed to give only a very minor line-narrowing effect. Threefold-coordinated zeolite A Tl+ sites adjacent to six-membered rings [Tl(1) and Tl(3)] are both assigned to a resonance which has large CSA (δiso 1183, δδ - 1842), while the remaining zeolite A site [Tl(2)] gives an isotropic line shape (δiso 300). Dehydrated zeolite X gives an isotropic peak (δiso 854) which is assigned to the double six-ring Tl(I), and a broader anisotropic resonance which is tentatively attributed to supercage Tl(III). Data for dehydrated zeolite Y indicate that this has a disordered cation distribution.
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  • 71
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: NMR ; 1H NMR ; ROESY ; Distance geometry ; Nigericin ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The conformations of the complexes formed by the ionophore nigericin with Na+ and K+ in CDCl3 solution determined by ROESY NMR and distance geometry computations are in good agreement with the X-ray crystallographic data. The structures with the Na+ ion are more compact than those with the K+ ion, as the latter have a wider cage for the ion.
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  • 72
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 32 (1994), S. 255-257 
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: NMR ; 13C CP/MAS ; 1H Solid-state rearrangement ; 3-Amino-1-and -2-(chloroacetyl)pyrazole ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reaction of 3-aminopyrazole (1) with chloroacetyl chloride gives a mixture of 3-amino-1- and -2-(chloroacetyl)pyrazole (2 and 3), both of which rearrange in the solid-state to 3-(chloroacetamido)pyrazole (4) over a period of a few days. The course of the rearrangements was monitored directly by CP/MAS NMR and indirectly by 1H NMR spectroscopy; the results suggest that the mechanism involves 3 → 2 → 4.
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  • 73
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: NMR ; 1H NMR ; 19F NMR ; Conformation ; Carbohydrates ; 4-Deoxy-4-fluoro-D-glucose ; 6-Deoxy-6-fluoro-D-galactose ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The 1H and 19F NMR spectra of the α- and β-pyranose anomers of 4-deoxy-4-fluoro-D-glucose (4FG) and 6-deoxy-6-fluoro-D-galactose (6FGA) in methanol-d4, DMSO-d6, acetone-d6 and D2O solution are reported. Computer analysis of the ABMX spectra of the CH—CH2F fragments gives accurate vicinal HH and HF coupling constants. An iterative computational analysis of the observed vicinal couplings in this fragment for 6FG, 6FGA and other molecules allows the determination of both the individual rotamer couplings and the rotamer populations. Consideration of the derived rotamer couplings strongly suggests that the correct assignment for the prochiral C-6 methylene protons in 6FG is that with the 6S proton having the larger coupling to H-5. This is the reverse of the assignment of these protons in D-glucose. In contrast, the assignment of these protons in 6FGA follows that given previously for D-galactose. The relative energies for the conformations about the C-5—C-6 bond for 4FG, 6FG and 6FGA are given from the derived rotamer populations. For 6FGA the rotamer in which the fluorine is antiperiplanar to C-4 is particularly favoured. For 4FG the rotamer with OH anti-periplanar to the ring O is highly unfavoured, but the other two rotamers are of almost equal energy. Consideration of the effect of replacing hydroxyl by fluorine in these molecules indicates that any hydrogen bonding involving the C-4 or C-6 hydroxyls plays little part in determining the conformer energies of glucose or galactose in polar solutions.
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  • 74
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 32 (1994), S. 335-342 
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: NMR ; 1H NMR ; 13C NMR ; Conformational analysis ; Coupling constants ; NOE ; Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ; Mefenamic acid ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1H and 13C NMR spectra of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs mefenamic acid, meclofenamic acid and flufenamic acid were assigned and the solution dynamics and conformations of the compounds were probed by the analysis of NMR chemical shifts, temperature coefficients, 3J(C,H) coupled constants, nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE) effects and saturation transfer experiments. At low concentrations the anthranilic acid derivatives (the fenamates) exist as monomer units with intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the amine proton and the carboxylic acid group. At concentrations of 10 mM and above, solution aggregates exist. The intermolecular association does not disrupt the intramolecular N—H…O=C hydrogen bonding, resulting in a similar conformation for mefenamic and flufenamic acids at both low and high concentrations. Meclofenamic acid has an additional intramolecular hydrogen bond, resulting in a slightly different conformation to the other two fenamates. The results from this conformational study are of potential value in molecular and pharmacophore modelling studies on the bioactive conformations of these drugs.
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  • 75
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 32 (1994), S. 353-357 
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: NMR ; 17O NMR ; Vinyl ethers ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The 17O NMR spectra of 58 α,β-unsaturated (vinyl) ethers were recorded in CDCl3 solution. The dependence of the chemical shift on the number and position of alkyl substituents in the vinyl moiety and on the nature and bulkiness of the alkoxy group was explored. The oxygen chemical shifts proved to be sufficiently sensitive to structural factors to make 17O NMR spectroscopy a useful tool in the investigation of the electronic and spatial structures of vinyl ethers.
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  • 76
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 32 (1994), S. 330-334 
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: NMR ; 1H NMR ; 13C NMR ; NOE ; 4-Amino-(D3)-trishomocubanes ; Biological activity ; Configuration ; Stereochemistry ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Amino compounds of the highly symmetrical (D3)-trishomocubane were recently shown to possess promising biological activities, i.e. antiviral and antiparkinson. This series was synthesized via a modified Ritter reaction. The unique hydrocarbon skeleton of these compounds has a D3 point group symmetry with a propeller shape. Several geometrical isomers are possible for the derivatives of (D3)-trishomocubane. This paper reports the complete 1H and 13C NMR assignments and the configuration at C-4 of one of the most promising compounds of the present series, i.e. 3-phenyl-4-amino-(D3)-trishomocubane. The 13C NMR spectrum of this amine indicates the presence of only one geometrical isomer for the compound. NOE experiments on the fully assigned 1H NMR spectrum show that this isomer has the 3S4S/3R4R configuration, and not the 3S4R/3R4S configuration. These results indicate that the Ritter rearrangement proceeds stereospecifically and that it provides a facile method for the synthesis of (D3)-trishomocuban-4-amines from tertiary alcohols of pentacyclo[5.4.0.02,6.03,10.05,9] undecan-8-ol.
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  • 77
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: NMR ; 13C NMR ; 55Mn NMR ; 1J(55Mn, 13C) ; Organomanganese complexes ; Lineshape analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 55Mn, 13C coupling constants of σ- and π-organomanganese pentacarbonyl, tetracarbonylphosphine and tricarbonyl complexes were determined by lineshape analysis of the 13CO and 13C(R) signals (R = alkyl, acyl or aryl) using the iterative lineshape fitting program QUADR. The 1J(55Mn, 13C) data are in the range 29-47 Hz for Mn—CO bonds and 2-28 Hz for Mn—R bonds. The 55Mn chemical shifts and linewidths are also reported.
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  • 78
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 32 (1994), S. 375-378 
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: NMR ; 1H NMR ; 13C NMR ; Crown ethers ; Dibenzo-14-crown-4 ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Dibenzo-14-crown-4 and eight substituted dibenzo-14-crown-4-ethers were studied by 1D and 2D 1H and 13C NMR and their chemical shifts are reported.
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  • 79
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 32 (1994), S. 378-379 
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: 13C ; NMR ; Glutinol ; Glutinone ; Acetylglutinol ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The 13C NMR chemical shifts of the triterpenes glutinol, glutinone and acetylglutinol were measured and analysed.
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  • 80
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 32 (1994), S. 409-414 
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: NMR ; 1H NMR ; 13C NMR ; Macrocycles ; Conformation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: H,H and P,H coupling constants and variable-temperature 1H and 13C NMR spectra and 13C T1 values for some macrocyclic dithiophosphonic esters are presented to show that these compounds possess reduced flexibility in comparison with crown ethers. The NMR spectroscopic results are supported by an x-ray structure which shows a highly strained ring system.
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  • 81
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 32 (1994), S. 429-432 
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: NMR ; 1H NMR ; Spectral sensitivity enhancement ; Solubility increase ; Lanthanide chelates ; Lanthanide shift reagents ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It is proposed to use diamagnetic lanthanide tris-β-diketonates as auxilliary reagents to promote solubilization of organic compounds in low-polarity solvents, thereby enhancing the NMR spectral sensitivity. For such a purpose the lanthanum complexes with fluorinated β-diketonate ligands were shown to be the most suitable. These tris-β-diketonates form adducts with compounds possessing ‘hard’ Lewis base functional groups, and the adducts are more soluble than their components. The effect of the lanthanum complexes on paramagnetic shifts induced by lanthanide shift reagents was examined. A considerable increase in the shifts values was found in the presence of some lanthanum tris-β-diketonates.
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  • 82
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 32 (1994), S. 549-552 
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: NMR ; 13C ; NMR ; 19F ; NMR Mesogenic ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 13C and 19F NMR spectra of a series of mesogenic compounds, (S)-4-n-octyloxy-fluorobiphenyl-4′-yl fluoro-4-(2-fluoro-octanoyloxy)benzoates, were determined in solution. The effect of fluoro substitution in various positions on the 13C and 19F chemical shifts was studied. 13C, 19F and 19F, 19F scalar coupling constants are given.
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 32 (1994), S. 561-563 
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: NMR ; 1H NMR ; 13C NMR ; Substituted ; naphthalenes ; Deoxyhemigossypol ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The 1H and 13C NMR spectra of the deoxyhemigossypol derivatives 4-isopropyl-2,3-dimethoxy-6-methylnaphthalene, 4-isopropyl-2,3-dimethoxy-6-methyl-1-naphthaldehyde and 2,3-dihydroxy-4-isopropyl-6-methyl-1-naphthaldehyde were assigned using one- and two-dimensional NMR techniques, including DEPT, 1H NOE and 1H—13C HETCORR spectroscopy.
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  • 84
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: NMR ; 1HNMR ; Coupling constants ; Substituted ethanes ; Substituent electronegativity parameters ; Solvent effects ; Haasnoot equation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Empirical group electronegativities (substituent parameters λi), valid for 3J(HH) in saturated H—C—C—H fragments, were derived from the coupling to methyl in substituted ethanes and isopropyl derivatives according to the equation \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \langle {}^3J({\rm{HH)}}\rangle = 7.660 - 0.596(\lambda _1 + \lambda _2) - 0.419(\lambda _1 \lambda _2) $$\end{document} In contrast to earlier work, it was found advantageous to differentiate between the λi values of hydrogen acting as substituent in CH3 as compared with H in CH2. Special attention was paid to solvent effects, in particular the influence of D2O, on the vicinal couplings and thus on λi. The previously derived λi values remain valid in all common organic solvents but a special effect of D2O on λ is manifest in cases where the α-substituent carries one or two non-conjugated lone pairs of electrons that readily act as hydrogen bond acceptors: Δλ= -0.11 ± 0.03 for NH2, NHR, NR2, OH, OR, R = alkyl. Protonation of NH2 to give NH3+ lowers λi by 0.28 units. The λi values for the nucleic acid bases (Ade, Gua, Ura, Thy, Cyt), as determined from the N-isopropyl derivatives, are 0.56 ± 0.01 irrespective of the solvent. Secondary amides display similar values. The parameters of the Haasnoot equation, originally derived with the aid of a Pauling-type electronegativity scale, were reoptimized on the basis of the present λi scale; the previous overall r.m.s. error of 0.48 Hz now drops to 0.36 Hz and separate parameterization of H—C—C—H fragments with different substitution patterns appears to be no longer necessary.
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 32 (1994), S. 652-656 
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: NMR ; 1H NMR ; 13C NMR ; 2,3,5-Trisubstituted N-methylpiperidines ; Stereochemistry ; Conformational analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The 1H and 13C NMR spectra of three stereoisomeric 2-(p-chlorophenylthiomethyl)-3-(3-methoxyphenyl)-5-carbomethoxy-N-methylpiperidines were analysed in terms of configuration and solute conformation. These studies together with 2D J-resolved, 2D-COSY and 2D 1H—13C-correlated spectra demonstrate the existence of 2a-3a-5e, 2e-3a-5e and 2e-3e-5e chair conformations
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  • 86
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: NMR ; 13C 31P 113Cd ; Cyclo-trimetaphosphate ; 1-(2-Aminoethylamino)-1-deoxy-D-galactitol ; Lanthanide(III) ; Aminopolycarboxylates ; Tripolyphosphate ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The versatility of multinuclear magnetic resonance techniques in the determination of stability constants of metal complexes is demonstrated for three cases in which potentiometry is impossible or less suitable. The complexation of cyclo-trimetaphosphate to lanthanide aminopolycarboxylate complexes was investigated in a dilution experiment using 31P NMR shifts. The stabilities of CdL and CdL2 [L = 1-(2-aminoethylamino)-1-deoxy-D-galactitol] were determined by 113Cd NMR speciation, in which the occurring species were in slow exchange. Competition experiments using both 31P NMR shifts and 13C and 31P relaxation rate enhancements were performed to determine the stabilities of Nd(NTA)(PPP) and Nd(PPP)2 (PPP = tripolyphosphate). Where possible, the results were compared with potentiometric data and found to be in good agreement.
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  • 87
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 32 (1994), S. 705-710 
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: NMR ; 1H NMR ; 13C NMR ; Norbornane-fused O,N-heterocycles ; Reaction mechanism ; Stereostructure ; DR ; DNOE ; 2D-HSC ; DEPT ; COLOC ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: From the reactions of 3-endo-benzoyl-6-exo-phenylbicyclo[2.2.1] heptane-2-endo-carboxylic acid (2) and α,ω-diamines or o-aminophenol/thiophenol, different tri-, tetra- and pentacyclic phenyl-substituted norbornane-condensed heterocycles were prepared. With ethylenediamine, 2 furnished two isomeric imidazolo[2,1-a]isoindolones. In the formation of one of them, an end→oexo isomerizaton was observed. The stereostructures (configurations and conformations) of the compounds were elucidated by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, with the aid of routine spectra and also DR, DNOE, DEPT, COLOC and 2D-HSC measurements.
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  • 88
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: NMR ; 1H NMR ; Enantiomer discrimination ; Chiral solvating agents ; Cyclic hemiacetals ; Cyclic methyl acetals ; Hydroxamic acids ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The discrimination of enantiomeric cyclic hemiacetals and methyl acetals derived from hydroxamic acids and lactams with the 2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one and 2H-1,4-benzothiazin-3(4H)-one skeleton was investigated using (S)-(-)-phenylethylamine, (-)-quinine, β-cyclodextrin and, for the first time, (5R,11R)-(+)-2,8-dimethyl-6H,12H-5,11- methanodibezo [b,f] [1,5]diazocine, a Troeger's base enantiomer, as chiral solvating agents (CSA). Conditions for the enantiomeric discrimination of six configurationally stable methyl acetals are reported. 2,4-Dihydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one and its 7-methoxy derivative, bioactive aglucones from Gramineae species, are the first cyclic hemiacetals that could be differentiated into enantiomers by means of 1H NMR, despite their oxo-cyclo tautomerization that prevented enantioseparation by chromatography or capillary electrophoresis. However, 2-hydroxy-2H-1,4-benzothiazin-3(4H)-ones (thiohemiacetals) could not be differentiated by the use of these CSA. The influence of the structure of the enantiomers, CSA, temperature and concentration on the size of the chemical shift anisochrony is discussed.
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  • 89
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 32 (1994), S. 732-738 
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: NMR ; 13C NMR ; Epoxide ; Decalin ; Octalin ; Methyl-induced shifts ; Conformation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Fully assigned 13C NMR chemical shifts for 4,5-epoxy-3-keto-, -3-hydroxy-, and -3-acetoxydecalins and -10-methyldecalins, Δ4-octalins and 10-methyl-Δ4-octalins are reported together with epoxide- and methyl-induced shifts. The 4,5α- and 4,5β-epoxydecalins present epoxide γ shielding in the A ring consistent in general with the syn-axial hydrogen rule. The 4,5α- and 4,5β-epoxy-10-methyldecalins present only slightly different shielding effects at γ-carbons C-1, C-2, C-7, C-9 and C-11. Methyl-induced shifts in 4,5α- and 4,5β-epoxy-10-methyldecalins are similar at all carbons to those for trans- and cis-decalins (low temperature in the case of the latter), respectively, suggesting the predominance of the transoid and cisoid A ring conformations, respectively, in these epoxides. The methyl-induced shifts in the A ring of octalin analogues are intermediate between those of the two epoxide configurational isomers. Epoxide γ-anti deshielding and γ-syn shielding (analogous to those in 5-hydroxydecalins) are evident when comparison is made with 13C shifts from analogous decalins, in contrast to the result when these effects are evaluated with data for Δ4-octalin analogues.
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  • 90
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: NMR ; 15N NMR ; 13C NMR ; Mesoionic compounds ; Tetrazoles ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 13C and 15N NMR measurements are reported from a study of five mesoionic compounds containing either the 2,3-diphenyl- or 1,3-diphenyltetrazolium ring, and either the 2,3-diphenyltetrazolium ring or its linear analogue as an exocyclic group. Three 15N-labelled compounds were synthesized for signal assignment purposes. Some 15N—13C and 15N—15N coupling constants were determined. A proton was found to be located on the exocyclic groups of two of the compounds.
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  • 91
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 32 (1994), S. 782-786 
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: NMR ; 13C ; shifts ; 3-Aminopyrroles ; 3-Aminopyrrol-2-carboxylic acid derivatives ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 13C NMR chemical shift assignments of 47 N-mono- and N,N-disubstituted 3-aminopyrroles with hydrogen or methyl in the 5-position are reported. Substituents in the 2-position are electron withdrawing such as alkoxycarbonyl, cyano or acyl in most cases and those in the 4-position are aryl or ethoxycarbonyl.
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  • 92
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 32 (1994), S. 786-788 
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: NMR ; 13C NMR ; Methyl 5β-cholan-24-oates ; Substituent chemical shifts ; DEPT ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The 13C NMR spectra were recorded and assigned for nine derivatives of methyl 5β-cholan-24-oates (esters of bile acids) including hydroxy, oxo and/or acetyloxy groups. Assignments were based on the empirical substituent-induced chemical shifts (SCS), spectral comparison with compounds of similar structure, distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) and proton coupled 13C NMR measurements.
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  • 93
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: NMR ; 1H NMR ; Cytochrome c peroxidase ; Paracoccus denitrificans ; Haem spin state control ; Calcium effect ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cytochrome c peroxidase from Paracoccus denitrificans LMD 52.44 was recently identified. The enzyme contains two c-type haems: one is reducible physiologically by cytochrome c550 from the same organism or non-physiologically by ascorbate (high-potential haem) and the other by dithionite (low-potential haem). The enzymatically active form of the peroxidase is the half-reduced enzyme state, in which the high-potential haem is in the iron(II) state and the low-potential haem is in the iron(III) state. It was found that the two haems interact and that the enzyme binds calcium ions near the haem sites which are necessary to promote its activation. In the oxidized form, the high-potential haem is in a high-spin and the low-potential haem is in a low-spin state. The half-reduction of the enzyme with ascorbate-diaminodurol changes the high-potential haem (high-spin) into a low-spin state and the low-potential haem converts from a low- into a high-spin state. This high-spin conversion of the low-potential haem is induced by the presence of calcium ions. These processes of reduction and spin state change can be easily resolved in time by removing the calcium from the enzyme using EDTA, facilitating the observation of the intermediate form by NMR.
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  • 94
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: NMR ; 1H NMR ; 113Cd NMR ; Metallothionein Blue crab ; Callinectes sapidus ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Metallothionein is a cysteine-rich metal-binding protein whose biosynthesis is closely regulated by the level of exposure of an organism to zinc, copper, cadmium, etc., metal salts. The metallothionein from the crab Callinectes sapidus is known to bind six divalent metal ions. The 113Cd NMR spectrum of the 113Cd—substituted protein shows six distinct 113Cd resonances spanning a chemical shift range of 620-665 ppm, indicating the presence of six distinct tetrahedrally coordinated divalent metal ion binding sites. Heteronuclear 1H—113Cd correlation experiments revealed all the metal-to-cysteine connectivities present in this protein and the 2X(2113Cd)-;filtered COSY experiment revealed that six cysteines are involved in the ligation of two Cd2+ ions. Additionally, following the complete sequential resonance assignment of the 1H NMR data, the two separate Cd3Cys9 metal binding clusters can be shown to reside in two distinct protein domains.
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  • 95
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 31 (1993), S. S110 
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: NMR ; 113Cd NMR ; Transferrin ; Hydrogencarbonate ; N-lobe ; C-lobe ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The binding of Cd2+ to human serum transferrin (80 kDa) was studied by 113Cd NMR spectroscopy. At pH 7 in the presence of hydrogen-carbonate as synergistic anion, two resonances of similar intensity at 38.1 and 43.6 ppm were observed, consistent with Cd2+ binding to oxygen ligands and one nitrogen ligand in the specific metal-binding clefts of the N- and C-lobes of the protein.
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  • 96
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 32 (1994), S. 24-28 
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: Solid-state ; 87Rb ; NMR ; Quadrupole frequency ; Featureless lineshapes ; RbCaF3 ; Point defects ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: NMR nutation and quadrupole echo experiments were used to determine the quadrupole frequency (ωQ) of 87Rb (I = 3/2) in a single crystal of RbCaF3. Since RbCaF3 has a cubic unit cell above 195 K, there is no second-order quadrupole shift and the spectrum is rather featureless. By fitting the response of 87Rb, as a function of pulse duration, to the predicted response we were able to determine that the average ωQ/2π = 4.5 kHz in this sample. Discrepancies in the agreement between the theory and the experiment for the echo response were attributed to differential relaxation of the central and satellite transitions.
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  • 97
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 32 (1994), S. 225-230 
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: NMR ; 1H NMR ; Carbohydrates ; Hydroxyl protons ; Stereochemistry ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Chemical shifts and coupling constants of hydroxyl protons for a series of simple carbohydrates are reported and several trends extracted: (1) chemical shifts are relatively independent of the experimental conditions if referenced to water; (2) chemical shifts are sensitive to the orientation of the HO group and its neighbors; and (3) coupling constants fall within a relatively narrow range, which is indicative of rotational averaging. These observations suggest that NMR parameters of hydroxyl protons can provide important diagnostic information about the stereochemistry of simple carbohydrates and may prove useful for analysis of more complex compounds.
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  • 98
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 32 (1994), S. 242-247 
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: NMR ; Isotope shift ; 19F,129Xe chemical shifts ; Xe,F coupling constants ; Xenon difluoride ; Krypton difluoride ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effects of the various xenon and krypton isotopes on the nuclear shielding of 19F in xenon and krypton difluoride in solution were studied by 19F NMR spectroscopy. For both molecules, linear relationships were observed between the one-bond secondary isotope shift of the 19F nucleus, 1Δ; 19F(m′/128Xe) and 1Δ 19F(m′/78Kr), and the relative mass factor, (m′ - m)/m′, and also between the shifts and the quadratic mean bond displacement, 〈(Δr)2〉. On the basis of the latter correlation and the linear relationship between 〈Δr〉 and 〈(Δr)2〉 for the linear combination of the first and second derivatives of the 19F shielding, the values -1742 and -5804 ppm Å-2, respectively, were determined. Further, the temperature dependence of the 129Xe and 19F chemical shifts and the 129Xe, 19F indirect spin-spin coupling of XeF2 were determined. The 129Xe chemical shift is extremely sensitive to temperature with Δδ/ΔT = -0.4718 ppm K-1, whereas for 19F Δδ/ΔT = +0.0042 ppm K-1. In contrast, the 129Xe, 19F indirect spin-spin coupling is independent of temperature over the range 243-303 K, the mean value being 5644.2 ± 0.6 Hz.
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  • 99
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: NMR ; 13C NMR ; 15N NMR ; 14N NMR ; Mesoionic compounds ; Tetrazoles ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1H, 13C, 14N and 15N NMR methods were applied to the study of some Type A mesoionic 1,3-diphenyltetrazoles with various exocyclic groups. The ring structures of these tetrazoles are confirmed by the nitrogen NMR data. The shielding of N-4 increases consecutively by amounts of ca 10 ppm as the bonded exocyclic atom changes from S to C to O.
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  • 100
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: NMR ; 13C NMR ; Deuterium isotope effects ; Benzanilides ; Cross-conjugated transmission ; Substituent effects ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Deuterium isotope effects on 13C nuclear shielding, nΔC(D), transmitted across a D-labelled nitrogen atom were investigated for a series of para-substituted benzanilides. The two two-bond isotope shifts, 2ΔC(D) are perturbed essentially in a trough-bond manner by change of the contribution of mesomeric structures. The magnitudes of 2Δ(C=O) and 2Δ(C-1′) are found to be mutually interdependent as evidenced by the linear relationships between the average values of 2Δ(C=O) and 2Δ(C-1′) with 1H(NH) chemical shifts and with 15N SCS. This behaviour is interpreted as resulting from a cross-conjugated transmission pathway involving the carbons sharing the D-labelled nitrogen.
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