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  • Nature Publishing Group  (18,756)
  • 1990-1994  (18,756)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2019-05-08
    Description: ISOTOPE ratios and concentrations of incompatible trace elements are remarkably successful in discriminating the tectonic origin and magmatic source components for basalts1–5. But problems remain with discriminating the tectonic origin of some tholeiites, especially where field relations and other geological evidence are ambiguous. For example, the tectonic origin of basalts from the Troodos ophiolite (Cyprus) has been debated for several decades. Most workers have been unable to distinguish between an island-arc and/or back-arc origin for the ophiolite6–8. Here we use volatile, K2O and TiO2 contents from ∼250 fresh submarine volcanic glasses to discriminate between tholeiites from different tectonic regimes. K2O÷H2O ratios are lower (〈0.70) in spread ing-centre glasses than in those from island arcs and intraplate oceanic islands. Back-arc-basin basalts can generally be separated from mid-ocean-ridge basalts by their high H2O contents. Using this information, we show that some fresh glasses from the Troodos ophiolite have a clear back-arc-basin affinity.
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  • 2
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 362 (6421). pp. 626-628.
    Publication Date: 2019-02-07
    Description: WHILE ammonites and all other ectocochleate cephalopods became extinct, nautiloids survived relatively unchanged from the Ordovician, suggesting that they are unusually well adapted to their niche. Here we obtain high-resolution tracks of Nautilus positions and depths, combined with telemetered jet pressures, which clarify both its lifestyle and economics. Nautilus is more active in nature than in captivity1, but its energy costs are lower than projected2,3. Viewing Nautilus as 'vertic', rather than benthic, resolves this contradiction. Records show that the cost of transport is the same in any direction within a vertical plane. Living on a reef face swept by a lateral current means that vertical movements4,5 sample large areas for chemical trails. A detected trail can be followed upcurrent in the slow-moving boundary layer, but no effort is wasted on horizontal movement without good prospects for food; long-range movements are downcurrent and made by drifting. Once fed, a Nautilus can reduce its energy costs by moving to deeper, cooler waters, where a single meal can last for months.
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  • 3
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 371 (6495). pp. 289-290.
    Publication Date: 2018-03-02
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  • 4
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 356 (6372). pp. 744-746.
    Publication Date: 2018-03-02
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  • 5
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 346 (6282). pp. 323-324.
    Publication Date: 2017-08-10
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  • 6
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    In:  Nature, 351 (6325). pp. 394-397.
    Publication Date: 2017-08-10
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  • 7
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 363 (6428). p. 405.
    Publication Date: 2017-08-03
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  • 8
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    In:  Nature, 357 (6374). p. 105.
    Publication Date: 2017-08-03
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  • 9
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 371 (6498). p. 563.
    Publication Date: 2017-05-10
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  • 10
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    In:  Nature, 356 (6366). p. 199.
    Publication Date: 2017-03-14
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  • 11
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 361 . pp. 249-251.
    Publication Date: 2017-02-24
    Description: THE supply of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) is not considered to limit oceanic primary productivity1, as its concentration in sea water exceeds that of other plant macronutrients such as nitrate and phosphate by two and three orders of magnitude, respectively. But the bulk of oceanic new production2 and a major fraction of vertical carbon flux is mediated by a few diatom genera whose ability to use DIG components other than CO2, which comprises 〈 1% of total DIC3, is unknown4. Here we show that under optimal light and nutrient conditions, diatom growth rate can in fact be limited by the supply of CO2. The doubling in surface water pCO2 levels since the last glaciation from 180 to 355 p.p.m.5,6 could therefore have stimulated marine productivity, thereby increasing oceanic carbon sequestration by the biological pump.
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2017-02-24
    Description: The response of the global climate system to smoke from burning oil wells in Kuwait is investigated in a series of numerical experiments using a coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation model with an interactive soot transport model and extended radiation scheme. The results show a decrease in surface air temperature of ~4 °C in the Gulf region. Outside this region the changes are small and statistically insignificant. No weakening of the Indian summer monsoon is observed.
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  • 13
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    In:  Nature, 372 (6507). pp. 621-622.
    Publication Date: 2016-07-15
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  • 14
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    In:  Nature, 367 (6462). pp. 414-415.
    Publication Date: 2016-06-16
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  • 15
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    In:  Nature, 372 (6505). pp. 421-424.
    Publication Date: 2016-06-10
    Description: Observations of large and abrupt climate changes recorded in Greenland ice cores have spurred a search for clues to their cause. This search has revealed that at six times during the last glaciation, huge armadas of icebergs launched from Canada spread across the northern Atlantic Ocean, each triggering a climate response of global extent.
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  • 16
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    In:  Nature, 358 (6389). pp. 710-711.
    Publication Date: 2016-06-10
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  • 17
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    In:  Nature, 356 (6370). pp. 587-589.
    Publication Date: 2016-06-10
    Description: ALTHOUGH anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide have today created a greater atmospheric CO2concentration in the Northern than in the Southern Hemisphere, a comparison of interhemispheric CO2 profiles from 1980 and 1962 led Keeling and Heimann1,2 to conclude that, before the Industrial Revolution, natural CO2 sources and sinks acted to set up a reverse (south to north) gradient which drove about one gigatonne of carbon each year through the atmosphere from the Southern to the Northern Hemisphere. At steady state, this flux must have been balanced by a counter flow of carbon from north to south through the ocean. Here we present a means to estimate this natural flux by a separation of oceanic carbon anomalies into those created by biogenic processes and those created by CO2 exchange between the ocean and atmosphere. We find that before the Industrial Revolution, deep water formed in the northern Atlantic Ocean carried about 0.6 gigatonnes of carbon annually to the Southern Hemisphere, providing support for Keeling and Heimann's proposal. The existence of this oceanic carbon pump also raises questions about the need for a large terrestrial carbon sink in the Northern Hemisphere, as postulated by Tans et al.3, to balance the present global carbon budget.
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  • 18
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    In:  Nature, 359 (6398). pp. 779-780.
    Publication Date: 2016-06-10
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2016-05-17
    Description: IN 1989, the submersible Nautile discovered one of the most active hydrothermal fields on the modern ocean floor, in the Lau back-arc basin (Fig. 1). The field contains high-temperature white and black smokers, and as we report here, its characteristics contrast strongly with those of the hydrothermal fields found at normal mid-ocean ridges. The main differences are the acidity (pH as low as 2), chemistry and temperature (up to 400 °C) of the hydrothermal fluids, the composition of the ore deposits, and the volcanic and tectonic environments. The fluids also have very high concentrations of trace metals, and primary gold is present in the accompanying mineral deposits. Our data show that these back-arc deposits in the Lau Basin are intermediate between typical mid-ocean-ridge mineralization and massive sulphide deposits of the Kuroko type.
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  • 20
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 366 (6453). pp. 338-340.
    Publication Date: 2015-08-31
    Description: THE vestimentiferan tubeworm Riftia pachyptila is found around hydrothermal vent areas in the deep sea. Intracellular bacterial chemoautotrophic symbionts use the oxidation of sulphide from the effluent of the vents as an energy source for CO2 fixation. They apparently provide most or all of the nutritional requirements for their gutless hosts1–5. This kind of symbiosis has since been found in many other species from various other phyla from other habitats6–9. Here we present results that the bacteria of R. pachyptila may cover a significant fraction of their respiratory needs by the use of nitrate in addition to oxygen. Nitrate is reduced to nitrite, which may be the end product (nitrate respiration)10 or it may be further reduced to nitrogen gas (denitrification)11. This metabolic trait may have an important role in the colonization of hypoxic habitats in general by animals with this kind of symbiosis.
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  • 21
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    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 355 (1992), S. 292-292 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - I am a recent PhD graduate, and Nature's manifesto for British science (Nature 353, 105; 1991) does not relieve my fears about the long-term prospects in science and technology and the likelihood of permanent employment in Britain for myself and my peers. Young people are ...
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  • 22
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    Nature 355 (1992), S. 293-294 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE forests of Siberia cover 2.3 million square miles, an area the size of the continental United States1. They repre-sent 57 per cent of the world's coniferous forest volume and 25 per cent of the world's total inventoried wood volume2. In comparison, the Amazon rainforests of ...
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  • 23
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    Nature 355 (1992), S. 297-298 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A SPECTROSCOPIC technique described in Nature early last year1 for detecting individual molecules trapped in a matrix, and using them as probes of the matrix's structure, is transformed on page 335 of this issue2 into a scheme for making molecular-scale memory devices. Such ...
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  • 24
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    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 357 (1992), S. 513-515 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Single deoxyribonucleotide substitutions were incorporated into the 3' and 5' strands of the tRNAAla duplex at the eleven positions shown in Fig. 1 (left). The ability of alanine-tRNA synthetase to aminoacylate each of the eleven variants was compared to aminoacylation of a wild-type ...
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  • 25
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    Nature 357 (1992), S. 520-522 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] GENE CODES announces the first release of Sequencher, a package of software tools for DNA sequencing using the Apple Macintosh (Reader Service No. 101). The fast alignment algorithm in Sequencher detects overlapping ends in sequencing fragments and assembles them into a consensus sequence, ...
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  • 26
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    Nature 357 (1992), S. 349-349 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Munich. German university students in science and mathematics are facing crowded classrooms and waiting lists for popular courses as they cope with a system creaking under the strain of rising enrolments. The problem stems from a policy that gives any student who passes the high ...
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  • 27
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    Nature 357 (1992), S. 349-349 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Washington. "Wanted: Manager for a US Department of Energy (DOE) national laboratory with dwindling Cold-War-related mission. Must be willing to restore tarnished image if chemical/radioactive waste problems are discovered. Compensation possible, but sense of patriotic duty ...
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  • 28
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    Nature 357 (1992), S. 351-351 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Munich. The Italian government last week came down on the side of space scientists in their battle to recover millions of dollars now going to commercial space projects. Antonio Roberti, Italian research minister, has told the Italian Space Agency (ASI) that it must adhere to a ...
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  • 29
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    Nature 357 (1992), S. 352-352 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Washington. Last week the US Food and Drug Administration (PDA) embraced the principle that the government should regulate the products of genetic engineering, not the process by which they are created. Its proposed guidelines for the regulation of new varieties of foods, which ...
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  • 30
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    Nature 357 (1992), S. 354-354 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Sir - The thrust of your leading article "Conflict of interest revisited" (Nature 355, 751; 1992) is based on the false premise that academic researchers not associated with the business world are unbiased expert participants in peer review panels of national agencies. Bias is a ...
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  • 31
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    Nature 357 (1992), S. 355-355 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - Your article "FBI gives in on genetics" (Nature 355, 663, 1992) is incorrect in its representation of the purpose of our recent collection of population frequency data from several European forensic laboratories. Since the inception of the Federal Bureau of Investigation's DNA ...
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  • 32
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    Nature 357 (1992), S. 355-355 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - It was a nice coincidence that Lord Kelvin's old chestnut "when you cannot express it in numbers, your knowledge is of a meagre and unsatisfactory kind" should appear on your Correspondence page (Nature 356, 653; 1992) next to a letter by Stephen Jay Gould (albeit on a ...
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  • 33
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    Nature 357 (1992), S. 357-357 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Moscow. The difference between summer and winter here is not just the external temperature, but people's frame of mind. Especially towards the end of the long winter, spirits are at nadir. The return of a little natural warmth has each year liberated the natural optimism of ...
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  • 34
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    Nature 355 (1992), S. 29-30 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE Sun, from ancient to modern times, has been preeminent in developing man's understanding of the Universe. In the fifth century BC, Anaxagoras showed it to be a 35mile-diameter ball of fiery stone orbiting 4,000 miles overhead. In the late nineteenth century, Lord ...
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  • 35
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    Nature 357 (1992), S. 362-363 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] STUDIES of a diabetes epidemic on a Pacific islet, carried out by Paul Zimmet and colleagues1"6, will make grim reading for public health professionals, geneticists and students of human evolution. Among older adults, the prevalence of diabetes on Nauru Island is over 60%, a ...
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  • 36
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    Nature 355 (1992), S. 17-18 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THIRTEEN different types of protein machine, the driving units that produce macromolecular movement in living organisms, came under scrutiny at the sixth molecular biology symposium at Indiana University late last year*. The upshot is a clearer view of the factors that limit our ...
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  • 37
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    Nature 357 (1992), S. 364-364 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] FOR all its enormous economic importance, wheat has proved a tough subject for the genetic engineer. But the door to the manipulation of its genome springs ajar with a report by V. Vasil et at. (Bio/Technology 10, 667-674; 1992) of the production of fertile transgenic plants. The gene involved ...
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  • 38
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    Nature 357 (1992), S. 366-366 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE modern craze for recycling Is driven more by the middle-class desire to feel virtuous than by any economic logic. Plastics pose the hardest problem, because the most earnest recycler cannot distinguish one plastic from another. Only homogeneous polymers can be reprocessed at ...
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  • 39
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    Nature 357 (1992), S. 368-369 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - I am the unidentified 'geologist' accused of despoiling parts of Ellesmere Island with "the largest collection of garbage" that Dr France encountered on a ski-traverse1. France quotes one of my papers concerning conservation of the high Arctic and implies that my ...
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  • 40
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    Nature 357 (1992), S. 370-370 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - The results of Kadhim et a/.1 on the incidence of nonclonal chromosomal aberrations in stem cells of the bone marrow subject to two or less ^-particle passages on the average, but not in cells exposed to y-rays, and the interpretation of radiation-induced chromosomal ...
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  • 41
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    Nature 357 (1992), S. 373-374 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] "WHERE there is no vision, the people perish"; or, as a marginal note in the better bibles puts it, "will become unruly". Many recent events justify the suggested variant, but the first is more relevant in the present context. That biblical exegisis comes naturally because ...
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  • 42
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    Nature 355 (1992), S. 25-25 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - The mean running velocity (V) is a crucial determinant of the metabolic demands imposed by competitive running events1,2. Its historical progression, therefore, is likely to be important in understanding the physiological determinants of the seemingly inexorable progression of ...
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  • 43
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    Nature 355 (1992), S. 26-26 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SUGIHARA AND MAY REPLY - One problem in trying to reconstruct the attractor that may underlie an apparently chaotic time-series is that we often have data for only one variable in what is, intrinsically, a multivariate system. Following Takens (F. Takens, Lect. Notes Math. 898, ...
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  • 44
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    Nature 355 (1992), S. 27-27 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - Miiller1 and Day et al.2, stimulated by Mitchell's News and Views article on inorganic host-guest chemistry3, cited heteropolyanions as examples in which both anions and cations could be guests (or 'hostages'). I can claim some familiarity4 with this remarkably versatile ...
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  • 45
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    Nature 355 (1992), S. 28-28 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - Nelson et al.1 attempt to bring needed objectivity to an examination of the evolution of marine87Sr/86Sr near the Cretaceous/Tertiary (K/T) boundary. In our view, the complexity of their section, together with conflicts within their own biostratigraphy, invalidate their ...
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  • 46
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - Ever since C60 was discovered1, there has been anticipation of the possible use of the fluorinated derivatives, and C60F60 in particular, as lubricants. There are indications, however, that, unlike Teflon, this material might not be chemically stable: fluorination of C60 is ...
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  • 47
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    Nature 355 (1992), S. 32-32 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
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    Notes: [Auszug] When the custodians of marine nomenclature came snooping round, they were told that the vessel's name was a corruption of that of its conceptual father. In fact, it was named after a cartoon chipmunk popular in the 1950s. But there the joke ended. The deep-diving submarine Alvin ...
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    Nature 355 (1992), S. 50-55 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Miniature excitatory synaptic currents were recorded from CA1 pyramidal cells in hippocampal slices to study the site of the persistent change in synaptic efficacy during long-term potentiation. Induction of long-term potentiation produced a large increase in the amplitude of these currents. Such a ...
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    Nature 355 (1992), S. 58-61 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Circumstellar material of size ~2" around SN1987A was first detected spectroscopically by the International Ultraviolet Explorer5, and then in the optical6. Imaging showed a nebula elongated in the east-west direction, which was then interpreted as light echoes from an inclined ...
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    Nature 355 (1992), S. 63-66 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Positron-emission computerized tomography (PET) is an imaging technique originating from nuclear medicine1'2, where it is mainly applied as an in vivo, noninvasive medical research tool for the investigation of brain and heart diseases. PET has been applied industrially3'4 by labelling the ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] The recombination of DNA molecules has been reconstituted in vitrousing two purified enzymes from Escherichia coli. RecA protein catalyses homologous pairing and strand exchange reactions to form intermediate DNA structures that are acted upon by RuvC. The newly identified RuvC protein resolves ...
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    Nature 357 (1992), S. 271-271 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Quebec. Next month, the Medical Research Council (MRC) of Canada is expected to endorse a long-term plan for a revolutionary change of role. From being a conservative, reactive fund-granting body little known outside biomedical research circles, it intends to become what its ...
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    Nature 355 (1992), S. 71-73 
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    Notes: [Auszug] The observed rate of earthquakes (n) with seismic moment ^M0 or energy ^E follows a power-law distribution: n(M0) = «MoB. This observation was first made by Gutenberg and Richter3 who expressed it in terms of earthquake magnitude, M, as Iog10 [/i(M)J = A — bM. The ...
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    Nature 355 (1992), S. 78-80 
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    Notes: [Auszug] RBL-2H3 cells were activated by two independent methods to evaluate signal transduction through FceRI. RBL-2H3 cells were activated by antigen presentation (IgE + DNP) by first sensitizing the cells with anti-2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) mouse monoclonal IgE and then stimulating with antigen. ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] The precursor of the ADP/ATP carrier, the most abundant protein of the mitochondrial inner membrane, was synthesized in rabbit reticulocyte lysate in the presence of 35S-methioninen. To accumulate the precursor at the mitochondrial outer membrane (receptor stage and GIP stage), isolated ...
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    Nature 355 (1992), S. 87-89 
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    Notes: [Auszug] The mer operator is located directly between the -10 and -35 hexameric RNA polymerase-binding elements of the PT promoter. In both the represser and activator states, MerR binds to a site centred 26 base pairs (bp) upstream from the transcription start site and in the region ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 420-420 
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    Notes: [Auszug] POOR rich Japan! For the past several months, a succession of visitors from the United States have been in Tokyo pleading for what in other contexts is called technical assistance (and which may often consist of mere money) with the construction of the Superconducting Super Collider ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 422-422 
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    Notes: [Auszug] London ONE of the two nuclear waste reprocessing facilities at the UK Atomic Energy Authority (AEA)'s plant in Dounreay, Scotland, has been shut down after plant managers found that they cannot account for some 10 kg of enriched uranium. The discrepancy may be simply due to an error ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 422-422 
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    Notes: [Auszug] London THE average Mexican academic has better access to supercomputers than his counterpart in Britain, according to a new report from the Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology (POST), the fledgling British answer to the US Congress's Office of Technology Assessment. ...
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    Nature 357 (1992), S. 301-306 
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    Notes: [Auszug] An unusual protein splicing reaction joins the N-terminal segment (A) and the C-terminal segment (C) of the 119K primary translation product (ABC) of the yeast VMA1 gene to yield a 69K vacuolar H+-ATPase subunit (AC) and an internal 50K polypeptide (B). This 50K protein is a ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 425-425 
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    Notes: [Auszug] London FRANCE'S polar research programme will next year be brought under one roof, with the opening of a new institute in Paris to coordinate the work of all French polar researchers. For Claude Lorius of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)'s Laboratory of ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 425-425 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Hong Kong A DESPERATE shortage of college and university lecturers in Hong Kong has led seven government-funded tertiary institutions to combine forces in a search for academic staff overseas. The shortage stems from planned expansion of the territory's tertiary education system, ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 518-520 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Depletion of high-field-strength elements (HFSE) is widespread in mantle clinopyroxenes1'3. The layer of HFSE-depleted mantle inferred from this depletion has been considered to be a geochemical feature with important petrologic implications. Salters and Hart4 have re-emphasized the ubiquity of ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] Several Sey alleles have arisen independently, all of which are semidominant13'14. The phenotype found in mutant Sey mice is typified by the 15-day post coitum (p.c.) embryos in Fig. 1. The obvious defect in the heterozygous Sey/+ embryos (Fig. \b) is that the eyes are smaller than wild type ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 432-433 
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    Notes: [Auszug] ADDED momentum to the molecular assault on the underlying cause of Alzheimer's disease will stem from the paper by Kawabata et al. that appears on page 476 of this issue1. The authors describe the most useful animal model yet for the disease - a mouse expressing a 100-residue ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 434-435 
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    Notes: [Auszug] SEQUENCE similarities often spring surprises. A particularly striking example is the discovery, reported at a recent European Research conference Biology of Molecular Chaperones, University of Kent, Canterbury, 28 September-3 October 1991., and in part on page 490 of this ...
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    Nature 357 (1992), S. 177-177 
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    Notes: [Auszug] THE World Bank's conversion to the cause of sustainable development appears to be complete, to judge from its World Development Report 1992, the fifteenth in an annual series, issued earlier this week. Lewis T. Preston, the bank's president, says the main need now is "to integrate environmental ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 437-438 
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    Notes: [Auszug] DISCONCERTING but true - deletion of the budding-yeast homologue of a gene encoding a protein involved in some seemingly crucial cellular process does not necessarily result in the death of the yeast cell. A further surprising example of this phenomenon is described by Hann and ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 437-437 
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    Notes: [Auszug] MAKING monoclonal antibodies without the use of animals is a practical reality, report J. D. Marks era/. (J. molec. Biol. 222, 581-597; 1991). They show how antigen-specific antibody fragments can be selected from a library of recombinant immunoglobulin genes, which were cloned from ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 437-437 
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    Notes: [Auszug] RESULTS from the deep northeast Pacific pour cold water on the notion that there is a mysterious 'fifth force' (M. A. Zumberge eta/. Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 3051-3054; 1991). Discrepancies in gravity measurements from a mineshaft, and others revealed in Eotvos's legendary laboratory ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] MOTION sickness makes no biological sense. What possible evolutionary advantage can primitive man have gained from the disabling nausea and vomiting brought on by violent movement? Daedalus comments that motion sickness is a product of sensory conflict. It arises when our eyes and ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 439-439 
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - Maddox1 and Anderson2, discussing the results of Stott et al.3A appear to differ on the key issue of whether or not the xenoreactive monkey sera bound SIV-encoded proteins (although Stott et al.4 reported no such reactivity was detected with purified envelope proteins). But ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 440-440 
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - Maddox's otherwise helpful article1 began and ended unfortunately. I fear that the structure of its assessment of Hoffmann's and Stott's work is going to yield all sorts of bizarre press reports, leading to confusion among the general public. As I understand it, Duesberg ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 424-424 
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    Notes: [Auszug] New Delhi CONTROVERSY in India over the death of five tigers in a sanctuary in Karnataka State has led to closure of an Indian-US research project on tigers. Last week, state environment minister B. Basavalingappa ordered the confiscation of cameras and equipment used in the project ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 424-424 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Tokyo FOUR major US government agencies are planning to contribute several million dollars a year to Japan's Human Frontiers Science Programme, which supports international research on the brain and molecular biology, two senior officials from the US Department of Energy (DOE) said ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 445-452 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Despite their lack of long-range translational and orientational order, covalent amorphous solids can exhibit structural order over both short and medium length scales, the latter reaching to 20 Å or so. Medium-range order is difficult to measure experimentally and to interpret ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] In a longitudinal study of HIV seropositive patients, there were fluctuations in the specificity of cytotoxic T cells for the virus. This was matched by variability in proviral gag DNA epitope sequences in the lymphocytes of these patients. Some of these viral variants are not ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] By using a fixed arrangement (see Fig. 1) in which an energy- t To whom correspondence should be addressed. dispersed geometry developed for dynamic X-ray absorption studies5"7 has been augmented with a curved, position-sensitive detector, we have recorded low-resolution X-ray ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] Small pockets of uranium ore at Oklo went critical 1,95F0± 30 Myr ago6, producing several natural fission reactors. Reactors 1-6 contain virtually no organic matter. Total energy production in these reactors was 16,500 MWyr. Roughly 6 tons of 235U fissioned; the total uranium ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 430-431 
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    Notes: [Auszug] ASTRONOMERS try to learn how galaxies have evolved over time by observing objects at great distances from us, which we see as they were when the Universe was younger. Over the past decade, improved observational techniques have allowed the investigation of ever more distant samples ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] FROZEN carbon monoxide and dioxide have been discovered on Triton, Nep tune's largest moon, D. P. Cruickshank (NASA Ames) and colleagues reported at a meeting last month on planetary sciences Division for Planetary Sciences of the American Astronomical Society, Palo Alto, 4-8 ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] FIG. 1 The isolation of ASxrb DNA and the identification of exonic sequences on the Y chromosome, a, The ASxrb DNA is represented by the thick black line and the Sxr DNA remaining in the Sxrto region by the broken line. The breakpoints of the deletion are shown by the gaps in the Zfy ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] TF55 was purified from the soluble portion of Triton X-100 cell extracts by anion exchange chromatography and glycerol gradient sedimentation. Most of the TF55 sedimented in the gradient at 20S (Fig. la). No nucleic acid was found by spectro-photometry in the 20S fraction, suggesting that ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 339-340 
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    Notes: [Auszug] ONE thing is sure about science now in what, for want of a better name, is still called the Soviet Union. Science is quickly coming to an end. In the past few days, several appeals for help have been circulating in the West, while the Moscow State University has made a public appeal ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 341-341 
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    Notes: [Auszug] DAVID Baltimore, the embattled president of Rockefeller University, announced early this week that he would resign his position at the end of the month. In a 2 December letter to the Rockefeller board of trustees, Baltimore wrote that the continuing misconduct investigation focused ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 342-342 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Tokyo IN an unusual move, a powerful pressure group has been formed within Japan's ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) to push for dramatic increases in government spending on research. The pressure group, called the 'special committee to reinforce maintenance of the basic research ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 344-345 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Denver, Colorado A DECADE after the United States ended its frantic spending on renewable energy research - a binge triggered by the oil crises of the 1970s and killed by the failure of alternative energy sources to live up to their promise - renewable energy has finally come of age. ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] Oil-laden desert in Kuwait. Reproduced from Tides of War: Eco-disaster in the Gulf by Michael McKinnon and Peter Vine, a graphic and dramatic account of the ecological disruption ensuing from the Gulf conflict. Published by Boxtree, price is ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] SEMICONDUCTORS have been single-handedly responsible for the miniaturization of electronic circuits, which has reduced the cost and increased the reliability of electronic components, and, more importantly, reduced signal-propagation times. With integrated circuits, the entire ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] CONSIDER the following propositions. The essence of science is prediction; the best way to make predictions is to regress variables one against the other; the more extravagant goals of science, for instance, that it should seek to understand what is going on, are unnecessary; ecology ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 460-461 
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    Notes: [Auszug] The B-band galaxy number counts rise rapidly with magnitude at least to B ~ 26, at which point the cumulative galaxy density is ~3 x 105 per square degree (refs 1,2). Comparison with a numerical model that assumes no luminosity evolution in the galaxy population and an invariant ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] The K3C60 sample was prepared by reaction of K^ 6C60 and C60 in a sealed evacuated pyrex tube at 250 °C for 3 days, 350 °C for 24 hours and 250 °C for 8 days12. Phase purity was confirmed by X-ray diffraction measurements and Rietveld refinement of high-resolution ...
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 463-465 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] K6[VI1^As6O42(H2O)]. 8 H2O was prepared as described previously11. It has a crystallographically imposed trigonal symmetry11 (space group R3c, No. 167), as shown in Fig. la. The overall structure is quasispherical, with three sets of (non-equivalent) vanadium atoms, V\, V2 and V3. Vl ...
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  • 94
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    Nature 354 (1991), S. 357-357 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] WILL discotheques of the future echo to the beat of the fractal drum, described in Physical Review Letters (67, 2974-2977; 1991) by B. Sapoval and colleagues? The drum was designed to test the notion that fractal borders may influence the behaviour of waves, particularly the damping of waves. The ...
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  • 95
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    Nature 357 (1992), S. 114-115 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] INITIATION of chromosomal DNA replication, which defines the transition from the Gl to the S phase of the cell cycle, is a pivotal event in the life of a eukaryotic cell. It occurs with precise timing and is carefully coordinated with other events in the cell cycle. Moreover, S phase is normally ...
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  • 96
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    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 357 (1992), S. 114-114 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] TUBERCULOSIS is back with a vengeance in places such as New York City, where the disease is reaching epidemic proportions. But as A. M. R. Chowdhury ef a/, point out in The Lancet (339, 1181-1182; 1992), in the developing nations it has never been away. In Bangladesh, estimates of the percentage ...
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  • 97
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    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 357 (1992), S. 114-114 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] HYDROGEN is a singly valent element, as is sodium, so it stands to reason that when transformed into a solid - by pressure - it should become metallic. H. K. Mao and R. J. Hemley claimed three years ago to have achieved this remarkable state of matter. But because the pressures involved are so ...
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  • 98
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    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 357 (1992), S. 114-114 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] STALLIONS competing for mates judge the form of a rival male not only by listening carefully to its whinnies but by sniffing its faeces as well (D.I. Rubenstein and M.A. Hack Evol. Ecol. 6, 254-260; 1992). Whinnies indicate dominance status, from the horse's mouth, as it were, irrespective of ...
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  • 99
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    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 354 (1991), S. 362-362 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - The existence of a planet in orbit around a neutron star, reported by Bailes et al.1, was actually predicted2'3 by the science-fiction writer Poul Anderson in a novel first published in 1958. Anderson also predicted that a neutron star would possess "The most powerful bloody ...
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  • 100
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    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 357 (1992), S. 116-116 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE value of detailed study of apparently well-defined ecological processes is evident in new work reported in Ecology1 by S. B. Vander Wall. He shows that even among seeds (such as those of pine) regarded as wind-dispersed on the basis of their morphological structure, secondary dispersal by ...
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