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  • Chemistry  (38,453)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (2,202)
  • 1995-1999  (38,453)
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Keywords
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isotope and pressure effects in polymer solutions. Demixing of polystyrene(h/d) poly-2-chlorostyrene blends (1995)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 33 (1995), S. 595-602 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: demixing ; spinodal quench ; polymer blends ; lower critical solution temperature ; isotope effect ; pressure dependence ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Liquid-liquid demixing, following spinodal quenches of poly-2-chlorostyrene/polystyrene blends, was followed by light scattering at 632.8 nm. The dependences of demixing on H/D substitution and molecular weight of the polystyrene, and on pressure, are reported. In the region of interest, the phase diagram is of the lower critical solution (LCS) type, and demixing is induced by raising the temperature. The transition temperature is lowered by deuterium substitution. At constant quench depth the transition proceeds more rapidly at elevated pressure. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1995.090330409
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of benzene alkyl derivatives in heavily loaded environmental aqueous samples by means of combination of distillation and purge and trap-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 20 (1997), S. 482-486 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Volatile benzene alkyl derivatives ; Simple distillation ; Purge and trap ; Capillary gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Simple distillation was used to prepare aqueous environmental samples (especially those with high content of accompanying dissolved and suspended organic and inorganic matter) for determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) by means of purge and trap (PT) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The PT step was carried out with a laboratory-built device in which alalytes desorbed from a Primary trap (macrotrap) are focused in a microtrap (also with sorbent) and moisture is removed from purge gases by a Nafion tube (walls selectively permeable to water vapor). Recoveries, if only the first 10 ml distillate was collected, were of the order of 40% at optimum distillation parameters. At a probability level of 95% recoveries were independent of concentration in a studied concentration range of 0.50-30 ppb. Enrichment factors for distillation were of the order off 20. Real samples, i.e., raw and treated waste water were analyzedc for BTEX content by the developed medthod.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240200904
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Membrane handbook edited by W. S. Winston Ho, and Kamalesh K. Sirkar, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1992, 954 pp. $131.95 (1995)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 41 (1995), S. 2343-2344 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690411024
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Beeinflussung der Koksbildung bei der 1,2-Dichlorethan-Pyrolyse durch Eisen(II)-chlorid (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 67 (1995), S. 1346-1349 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330671019
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book Review: Chemometrics in Environmental Analysis. By J. W. Einax, H. W. Zwanziger and S. Geiss (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 36 (1997), S. 2250-2250 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.199722501
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anwendung von Magnéli-Phasen des Titandioxids in der elektrochemischen Technologie (1998)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 70 (1998), S. 827-841 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Use of Magneli Phases of Titanium Diooxide in Electrochemical Technology. Magneli phases of titanium oxides are known to have many interesting properties such as a conductivity comparable to that of graphite, a high level of chemical stability, and large overpotentials for gas evolving reactions. In this paper the possibilities for synthesis of pure Magneli phases are reported and the influence of various experimental parameters on the electrochemical properties is discussed. Several chemical, electrochemical, physicochemical, and physical experiments were performed. The opportunities for technological applications in the field of electroplating, in the recycling of process solutions, as supporting substrates for electrocatalysts, and as collector materials are considered.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330700705
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron paramagnetic resonance and Mössbauer studies of metal chelation by adriamycin (1995)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 33 (1995), S. S114 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: electron paramagnetic resonance ; adriamycin ; metal chelation ; coordination structure ; iron ; free radical ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: EPR and Mössbauer studies demonstrate that iron chelation by adriamycin is complex, with several different chelation structures. At physiological pH in aqueous solution, three different EPR spectra are observed: a spectrum at g = 4.2 of Fe3+ in a rhombic crystal field (type 1); a spectrum at g = 2.01 with symmetric Gaussian lineshape linewidth 225 G (1 G = 10-4 T), suggestive of Fe3+ bound in an octahedral crystal field (type 2); and a broad spectrum centered at g = 2.0 suggestive of ferromagnetically coupled Fe3+ (type 3). The type 1 and 2 spectra are observed at adriamycin/Fe3+ ratios 〉4, the type 3 spectrum is observed at ratios 〈4 and at ratios 〈2 an increasing amount of Fe3+ gives rise to EPR silent iron(III) hydroxide polymers. At 4 K the type 1 and 2 complexes exhibit a broad doublet Mössbauer signal with an isomer shift δ = 0.56 (1) mm s-1 and quadrupole splitting δEQ = 0.74 (1) mm s-1. The type 3 complex gives rise to a sextet signal with isomer shift ΔEq = 0.47 (1) mm s-1 and hyperfine splitting HF = 476 (1) kG with exhibits superparamagnetic relaxation behavior with a blocking temperature of 23 K, consistent with a microcrystal size of 25 Å. Cu2+ binds to adriamycin at adriamycin/Cu2+ ratios 〉4:1 giving rise to an EPR spectrum with axial symmetry g∥ = 2.26, g⊥ = 2.066, A∥ = 188 G, while 2:1 complexes exhibit a single Gaussian line at g = 2.09 indicative of exchange-coupled Cu2+. The exchange-coupled Cu2+ and ferromagnetically coupled Fe3+ complexes can be explained by the formation of stacked 2:1 adriamycin-metal polymers. On titration of adriamycin with Fe3+-nitrilotriacetate a different spectrum is observed at g = 4.3 and its intensity plateaus at an adriamycin/iron ratio of 2. The iron adriamycin complexes cycle to reduce molecular oxygen and this cycle has been hypothesized to be a mechanism mediating the therapeutic and toxic effects of the drug. Both EPR and Mössbauer experiments demonstrate that the type 1 and 2 chelates reduce their Fe3+ to Fe2+ while the type 3 chelate does not. Therefore, the stoichiometry and method of complex preparation can profoundly effect the properties of these complexes.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrc.1260331318
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation of Selected Exchange Processes in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemistry - A European Journal 2 (1996), S. 45-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Keywords: exchange processes ; kinetics ; NMR spectroscopy ; zirconium complexes ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have shown that it is possible to inhibit the transfer of magnetization in a system with several exchanging sites in dynamic equilibrium, as in a mixture of cis- and trans-ZrCl4L2 with excess free ligand L (L = (CH3O)3PO). The forward and backward reaction rates involving two selected sites can be studied while the effect of competing exchange processes is “quenched”. This can be achieved either by selective inversion of the magnetization of the two chosen sites in the course of the reaction interval, or alternatively by inversion of the magnetization of all other sites in the exchange network. The rate of exchange from the free to the cis site was determined to be kcis←free = 0.018 s-1. In the usual methods, this process would tend to be overshadowed by the almost two hundred times faster competing exchange process from the cis to the trans site (Ktrans←cis = 3.32 s-1).
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.19960020110
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchungen zur Porosität feinkörniger Filterkuchen (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 71 (1999), S. 835-839 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330710811
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    80. Porosität und Permeabilität feinkörniger Filterkuchen (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 71 (1999), S. 991-991 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330710984
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    161. Modellvorstellungen zur Vorausberechnung der Porosität von Filterkuchen (1998)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 70 (1998), S. 1186-1187 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.3307009163
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Korrosion verstehen - Korrosionsschäden vermeiden. Hrsg. von H. Gräfen und A. Rahmel, 2 Bände, ca. 800 S., Verlag Irene Kuron, Bonn 1994, DM 198,00, ISBN 3-923623-14-3 (1995)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 46 (1995), S. 388-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19950460614
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organic-inorganic character of plasma-polymerized hexamethyldisiloxane (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 62 (1996), S. 2147-2154 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Plasma polymerization is a useful method for depositing thin films on substrates. The films formed are cross-linked, and their character depends on the plasma polymerization process conditions. The influence of power and monomer flow rate on the character of plasma-polymerized hexamethyldisiloxane (PPHMDSO) was investigated. The deposition rate increased strongly with HMDSO flow rate at low powers, indicating that the plasma is mono-mer-deficient. Increasing the power yielded a rapid drop in deposition rate, which reached a relatively flow rate-independent plateau at high power. At high flow rates and low powers, the similarity between the plasma polymer with its high hydrocarbon concentration and the monomer was greatest. At high powers, the monomer was more intensively fragmented yielding a more inorganic structure rich in silicon and oxygen. Generally, the plasma polymer seems to be a silicon-oxygen network with short hydrocarbon chains that may include hydroxyl and/or carbonyl groups attached to the silicon in the backbone. The inorganic nature of the plasma polymer at high powers and low flow rates is reflected in its relatively high polar component of surface tension. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dithionite-Catalysed Addition of Perfluoroalkyl Iodides to Unsaturated Carbohydrates (1998)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1998 (1998), S. 531-539 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Carbohydrates ; Monosaccharides ; Perfluoroalkylation ; Amphiphiles ; Liquid crystals ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The perfluoroalkyl chains (-C4F9, -C6F13, -C8F17) were terminally connected to the 5-enopyranose 1, and the 5-enofuranoses 8 and 23 by addition, in the presence of sodium dithionite, of the corresponding homologous perfluoroalkyl iodides to the double bond. Up to six products were separated from each reaction mixture and then fully characterised. The 5-iodo derivatives 9, 10 (prepared from 8), 24, 25, and 26 (prepared from 23) were diastereomeric mixtures (5R-5S). Compounds 9, 10, and 25 were hydrodeiodinated to the methylene derivatives 17, 18, and 27, respectively. Complete deprotection of the perfluoroalkyl-substituted pyranose 3 (prepared from 1), and of the furanoses 17 and 18 led to the carbohydrate-based amphiphilic mesogens 29/30, 21, and 22, respectively, with a perfluoroalkyl tail. These formed mesophases of the smectic A type.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolic effects of stress mediators on cultured hepatocytes (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 58 (1998), S. 222-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: stress mediators ; hepatocyte sandwich culture ; factorial design ; hepatocyte redox ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Stress mediators play a major role in inducing the hypermetabolic stress state in the liver after major injuries. The majority of studies on the effect of mediators on hepatocytes have focused on single factor effects or on the effect of very complex additives (e.g., serum), and there are no reports which have rigorously identified specific interactions between stress mediators. We used a factorial design experimental approach to evaluate the effects of a four to five day exposure to hormone (glucagon, hydrocortisone, and epinephrine) and cytokine [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)] stress mediators on stable cultures of rat hepatocytes. Both individual-factor effects and two factor interactions on the metabolism of urea, glucose, lactate, ketone bodies, albumin, and fibrinogen were evaluated. The cultured hepatocyte model exhibited physiologic responses to the applied stress mediators. While hydrocortisone and epinephrine had no effect, glucagon induced an increase in glucose and urea synthesis. Interleukin-6 increased fibrinogen and decreased albumin production. Furthermore, IL-6 and glucagon caused an increase in the ketone-body ratio (KBR = [acetoacetate]/[β-hydroxybutyrate]), which is in equilibrium with the intramitochondrial NAD+/NADH. Tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-1β, on the other hand, decreased the KBR. An important two-factor interaction between IL-1β and IL-6 was identified, namely that IL-1β effectively negates the positive effect of IL-6 on the KBR when both are present. These results provide further understanding of the effect of stress mediators on hepatic function and metabolism. These effects may have important implications in the pathogenesis of progressive organ dysfunction which often follows prolonged inflammatory states triggered by major injuries. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 58:222-230, 1998.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intracellular flux analysis in hybridomas using mass balances and in vitro 13C nmr (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 45 (1995), S. 292-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: fluxes ; intracellular fluxes ; hybridoma cells ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Intracellular fluxes are important in defining cellular physiology and its changes in response to environmental variations. Stoichiometric balances combined with extra cellular metabolite measurements were applied to the estimation of intracellular fluxes and the study of energy metabolism in the hybridoma cell line ATCC CRL 1606. Redundant measurements allowed the evaluation of the consistency of the stoichiometry, measurements, and pseudo-steady-state assumption leading to refinement of the assumed biochemistry and identification of measurement errors. To validate the flux estimates, two batch experiments were performed with glucose labeled in the 1 position with 13C. The distribution of 13C in secreted lactate was measured via nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and compared to that predicted from the estimated intracellular fluxes. There was good agreement between the measured and estimated isotope distributions, demonstrating the validity of the flux estimates obtained from stoichiometric balances. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260450403
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Site-site interactions in a polymer matrix: The effect of polymer backbone structure on the transformation of crosslinked resins with substituted hydrazines (1996)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 34 (1996), S. 2325-2331 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: crosslinked copoly(styrene-p-nitrophenylacrylate) ; crosslinked chloromethylated polystyrene ; nucleophilic substitution ; site-site interactions ; substituted hydrazines ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Crosslinked chloromethylated polystyrene (1) and crosslinked copoly(styrene-p-nitro-phenylacrylate) (3) readily reacted with 1,1-dimethylhydrazine, but the course of the reaction was strongly dependent on the structure of the backbone. Monofunctionalization was observed with chloromethylated polystyrene (1) giving the 1,1,1-dimethylhydrazinium chloride derivative (2), while high degree of additional crosslinking took place with crosslinked copoly(styrene-p-nitrophenylacrylate) (3), and additional crosslinking was also observed in functionalization with N-aminopiperidine and N-aminomorpholine. The additional crosslinking suggested a higher backbone mobility in acrylate beads (3) compared to chloromethylated polystyrene (1). The type of transformation and the degree of additional crosslinking also depended on the starting crosslinking of copoly(styrene-p-nitrophenylacrylate) (3; 3a, 2% DVB; 3b, 4% DVB; 3c, 10% DVB). Replacement of p-nitrophenol groups in copoly(styrene-p-nitrophenylacrylate) (3) with hydrazino units resulted in enhanced swelling abilities of the hydrazine derivatives (4, 5, 6) in methanol, dimethylformamide, and chloroform, while formation of the hydrazinium chloride derivative (2) from chloromethylated polystyrene (1) caused enhancement of swelling in methanol but diminished it in toluene. The degree of crosslinking of copoly(styrene-p-nitrophenylacrylate) (3) also influenced the swelling abilities of 3 and its hydrazino derivatives, being higher with 2% cross-linked resins and lower with 4% and 10% crosslinked resins. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 18
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    The role of multifunctionalized amine structure and reaction conditions on the transformations of crosslinked copoly(styrene-p-nitrophenylacrylate) (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 36 (1998), S. 1699-1706 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: crosslinked copoly (styrene-p-nitrophenylacrylate) ; nucleophilic substitution ; primary amines ; diaminoalkanes ; amino alcohols ; amino acids ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Crosslinked copoly(styrene-p-nitrophenylacrylates), containing 2% (1) or 4% DVB (2) were converted with various diaminoalkanes (1,2-diaminoethane 3a, 1,4-diaminobutane 3b, 1,8-diaminooctane 3c) to amides. The degree of additional crosslinking depended on the chain length of the diaminoalkane, the molar ratio of ester function in 1 or 2 to diaminoalkane, solvent polarity (dimethylformamide, chloroform, toluene), while reaction temperature (50 or 100°C) had only a minor effect. 2 was also converted with various amines bearing additional functional groups (ethanolamine, 3-amino-1-propanol, 4-aminomethylpyridine, 2-(2-aminoethylamino)-ethanol, 2-(2-aminoethoxy)-ethanol, 6-aminocaproic acid, N-propylaminomorpholine, 3-N,N-diethylamino-1-propylamine) to the corresponding amides. The swelling ability of the resins depended on the crosslinking of the starting copoly(styrene-p-nitrophenylacrylate) (1, 2), the structure of the amide, the degree of additional crosslinking, and solvent polarity (chloroform, dimethylformamide, methanol, toluene). The accessibility of nitrogen atoms in the polymer matrix was examined by EtX functionalization of the 3-N,N-diethylamino-1-propylamine derivative (10) and 4-aminomethylpyridine derivative (13), and more than 85% functionalization was found. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 1699-1706, 1998
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  • 19
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    Density-gradient analysis for density functional theory: Application to atoms (1997)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 61 (1997), S. 835-845 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Theoretical, Physical and Computational Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We present an analysis of local or semilocal density functionals for the exchange-correlation energy by decomposing them into their gradients rs (local Seitz radius), ζ (relative spin polarization), and s (reduced density gradient). We explain the numerical method pertaining to this kind of analysis and present results for a few atoms and ions. The atomic shell structure is prominent, and only the ranges 0 〈 rs 〈 10 and 0 〈 s 〈 3 are important. The low-density and large-gradient domains, where the approximations for the exchange-correlation energy are least trustworthy, have very little weight. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 20
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    Chemistry of the Environment. Von T. C. Spiro und W. M. Stigliani. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 1996. 356 S., geb. 59.33$. - ISBN 0-02415261-7 (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 109 (1997), S. 678-678 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19971090640
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  • 21
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    Book Review: Chemistry of the Environment. By T. C. Spiro and W. M. Stigliani (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 36 (1997), S. 656-656 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.199706561
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  • 22
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    Novel method for the preparation of poly(urethane-imide)s and their properties (1997)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 35 (1997), S. 3745-3753 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: poly(urethane-imide) ; polyurethane ; polyimide ; poly(amide acid) ; oligo(amide acid) ; polyurethane prepolymer ; elastomer ; polymer network ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A polymer blend consisting of polyimide (PI) and polyurethane (PU) was prepared by means of a novel approach. PU prepolymer was prepared by the reaction of polyester polyol and 2,4-tolylenediisocyanate (2,4-TDI) and then end-capped with phenol. Poly(amide acid) was prepared from pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and oxydianiline (ODA). A series of oligo(amide acid)s were also prepared by controlling the molar ratio of PMDA and ODA. The PU prepolymer and poly(amide acid) or oligo(amide acid) solution were blended at room temperature in various weight ratios. The cast films were obtained from the blend solution and treated at various temperatures. With the increase of polyurethane component, the films changed from plastic to brittle and then to elastic. The poly(urethane-imide) elastomers showed excellent mechanical properties and moderate thermal stability. The elongation of films with elasticity was more than 300%. The elongation set after the breaking of films was small. From the dynamic mechanical analysis, all the samples showed a glass transition temperature (Tg) at ca. -15°C, corresponding to Tg of the urethane component, suggesting that phase separation occurred between the two polymer components, irrespective of polyimide content. TGA and DSC studies indicated that the thermal degradation of poly(urethane-imide) was in the temperature range 250-270°C. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 3745-3753, 1997
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    Book Review: Database of Palladium Chemistry. Reactions, Catalytic Cycles and Chemical Parameters on CD-ROM. By J.-L. Malleron and A. Juin (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 36 (1997), S. 2252-2253 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.199722522
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    Simulation der Toluoladsorption an regenerierter Aktivkohle anhand eines heterogenen FestbettmodellsBeitrag anläßlich der GVC-Jahrestagung, 25./27. September 1996 in Dortmund (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 69 (1997), S. 959-962 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330690713
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    Einfluß des Vorheizverfahrens auf die Aktivkohlebeladung bei der Wasserdampfdesorption (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 68 (1996), S. 946-949 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330680810
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    Modellierung der Toluoladsorption an wasserdampfregenerierten Aktivkohleschüttungen unter Berücksichtigung des Restbeladungsprofils (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 67 (1995), S. 1205-1206 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.3306709170
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    135. Simulation der Toluoladsorption an regenerierter Aktivkohle anhand eines heterogenen Festbettmodells (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 68 (1996), S. 1152-1152 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.3306809137
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    Polarographic and electrochemical studies of some aromatic nitro compounds: Part VIII. Effects of solvents and surfactants on current-voltage curves obtained with DC and differential pulse polarography (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 7 (1995), S. 132-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Differential pulse polarography ; Aromatic nitro compounds ; Surfactants ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Differential pulse polarography (DPP) is an excellent analytical method, but cannot be recommended for applications in the initial stages of mechanistic studies. Its application is also questionable in the analysis of samples containing varying concentrations of an organic cosolvent or of surface active compounds. The effect on limiting currents obtained by DC polarography and on peak currents obtained by DPP was demonstrated for reductions of various nitrobenzene derivatives. The similarity of changes in current for various nitrobenzenes enables the exclusion of the formation of adducts or micelles as the predominant effect. The decrease of the limiting currents in all cases is much smaller than the decrease of DPP peak currents, due to strong effects of the surfactants on the kinetics of electroreduction. For the analysis of natural products or of solutions containing varying amounts of organic cosolvent, the measurement of the DC polarographic limiting current is preferred. An addition of 30% ethanol minimizes the effects of the varying concentration of surfactant on both DC polarographic limiting and DPP peak currents.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.1140070207
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    Schwingungsverschleiß an TiB2-ZrO2 und TiC-ZrO2 oberflächenlegierter Al2O3-Keramik unter Variation der Luftfeuchte (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 26 (1995), S. 394-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Oscillating sliding wear of TiB2-ZrO2 and TiC-ZrO2 surface alloyed Al2O3 ceramic at different humidityA commerical alumina ceramic was surface-alloyed by adding TiB2 and TiC in addition to ZrO2 using infrared CO2 laser radiation. Aside from the type of hard particles their volume fraction was varied between 6 and 31%. The average thickness of the alloyed surface layer was about 150 ¨m. Tribological tests were carried out unlubricated under oscillating sliding contact against alumina counterbodies at relative humidities of 3 and 50% as well as in distilled water.Ceramographic studies showed that multiphase structures containing hard particles of TiC or TiB2 embedded in the Al2O3 matrix were obtained by alloying. In addition Al-Zr-Ti-O complex phases were analyzed by using X-ray diffraction technique. Compared to the commercially available alumina ceramic A123, laser alloying reduced the friction coefficient and improved substantially the wear resistance under the applied conditions of tribological testing. It was found that tribological behaviour was strongly influenced by environmental humidity in addition to the effect of the type and volume fraction of the phases produced by alloying. The unalloyed alumina ceramic depended more sensitively on humidity than the alloyed ceramic.
    Notes: Mit Hilfe infraroter Laserstahlung (λ = 10,6 m̈m) wurde eine handelsübliche Al2O3-Keramik durch TiB2 und TiC unter Zusatz von ZrO2 oberflächenlegiert. Neben der Art der Hartstoffe wurde ihr Volumenanteil zwischen etwa 6% und 31% variiert. Die mittlere Dicke der legierten oberflä chenschicht betrug 150 m̈m. Tribologische Versuche wurden ungeschmiert unter reversierender Gleitbeanspruchung gegen Al2O3-Gegenkörper bei 3% und 50% iger Luftfeuchte bzw. in destilliertem H2O durchgeführt.Die Untersuchungen zeigten, daß mehrphasige Gefüge mit eingelagerten Hartstoffteilchen vorlagen. Im Vergleich zu unlegierter, handelsüblicher Al2O3-Referenzkeramik konnte unter den gewählten tribologischen Bedingungen eine deutliche Reduzierung der Reibungszahlen und eine Erhöhung des Verschleißwiderstandes durch das variiertem Volumenanteils und der Art der Harstoffe trat eine wesentliche Abhängigkeit der tribologischen Eigenschaften von dem H2O-Gehalt der Umgebung auf. Unlegierte Al2O3-Keramik reagierte deutlich empfindlicher auf Änderungen der Umgebungsbedingungen als die legierten Keramiken.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19950260713
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    Ionized van der Waals systems: Structure and interactions (1997)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 64 (1997), S. 211-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: quantum chemistry ; weak interactions ; cationic van der Waals complexes ; cluster cations ; potential energy surfaces ; Chemistry ; Theoretical, Physical and Computational Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ions of molecular complexes with internal interactions partly of van der Waals type differ significantly from their neutral parent species in binding, structure, and dynamics. Information about such systems is still rather scarce, both experimentally and theoretically. The article discusses some aspects of the present knowledge concerning cationic dimers and trimers of the type RgnM+ with Rg denoting a rare-gas atom, and M, either a (diatomic) molecule or a rare-gas atom, in comparison with the neutral counterparts. In some more detail, potential energy surfaces (PESs) for the six lowest electronic states of ArHCl+ are reported, as obtained from multireference CI calculations with an extended Gaussian AO basis set. From the PESs, structural, energetical, and dynamical features are derived. For the cationic argon trimer Ar3+ in the electronic ground state, a detailed analysis of the PES, the mode couplings, and the classical internal dynamics is carried out, leading to a consistent picture of a floppy molecular aggregate with rapid energy exchange between internal degrees of freedom and early onset of classical chaos with increasing energy.   © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 64: 211-222, 1997
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    Release of radioactive steroids from dried down hydrogels of polyurethane networks (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 55 (1995), S. 1301-1305 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The polyurethane networks were based on poly(ethylene glycol) 6000 (PEG), crosslinked with 1,1,1-tris(hydroxy methyl)ethane and with the stoichiometric equivalence of hexamethylene diisocyanate. Radioactive steroids were incorporated into cylindrical hydrogels over a wide range of compositions. The release profiles were drawn from dried down hydrogel of polyurethane networks. The scintillation counter was used for the release study of steroids after different intervals. In vivo, the loaded hydrogels were implanted into rats. The results for constant release studies were recorded. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070550903
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    A tubular graphite-epoxy electrode incorporating horseradish peroxidase as a potentiometric sensor for hydrogen peroxide (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 7 (1995), S. 722-725 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Biosensor ; Graphite epoxy ; Peroxidase ; Hydrogen peroxide ; Flow injection analysis ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A novel potentiometric peroxidase enzyme sensor based on a tubular graphite-epoxy design is reported for the determination of hydrogen peroxide in an FIA system. The sensor was formed from horseradish peroxidase (40 mg), graphite (240 mg) and epoxy (780 mg). Hydrogen peroxide, injected into pH 7,0.05 M phosphate buffer at 26°C, was determined with a linear slope of 45.6 mV/decade in the concentration range 7.5 × 10-7 to 5.0 × 10-5 M. Acceptable reproducibility of 1.2% relative standard deviation was obtained in the flow injection analysis. The advantages of this sensor are low cost, simple electronic circuit design and better selectivity than amperometric sensors and a detection limit comparable with other methods.
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    Determination of the enantiomeric purity of commercial Jacobsen's catalyst samples (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chirality 10 (1998), S. 362-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: Jacobsen's catalyst ; enantiomeric purity determination ; chiral HPLC ; cyclodextrin chiral stationary phases ; enantioseparation ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A HPLC method is described for the chiral analysis of the commercially available Jacobsen's catalyst. A hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin stationary phase was used in conjunction with a nonaqueous, polar-organic mobile phase. The method can be applied to control the enantiomeric purity of the catalyst, which is of great importance for quality control of that product. High accuracy in the determination of trace levels of the unwanted enantiomer in the presence of large amounts of the desired enantiomer is demonstrated. Chirality 10:362-363, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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    Characterization of rat brain stathmin isoforms by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis-matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization and electrospray ionizationion trap mass spectrometry (1998)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 19 (1998), S. 867-876 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ; Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight ; Peptide mapping ; Stathmin ; Phosphorylation sites ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Stathmin is a regulatory phosphoprotein that is a target for both cell cycle and cell surface receptor-regulated phosphorylation events. There are at least 14 isoforms of stathmin that migrate on two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE): two unphosphorylated, and 12 increasingly phosphorylated proteins. Following extracellular stimuli, stathmin is phosphorylated on four serines (Ser16, Ser25, Ser38, and Ser63) by several kinases, such as mitogen-activated protein (MAP), cdc2 kinase, protein kinase A, and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase-Gr. While all forms of stathmin are derived from the same protein encoded by a single mRNA, the precise nature of the post-translational modifications has not been clear. In this study we have characterized three rat brain stathmin isoforms, #1, #3 and #4, which electrophorese on 2-DE with apparent molecular weight (Mr)/isoelectric point (pI) values of 15 500/6.2, 15 000/6.1, and 15 000/6.0, respectively. The phosphorylation status of these isoforms was determined using a combination of peptide mapping, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry and electrospray-ionization ion trap mass spectrometry. Stathmin isoform #1 was not phosphorylated, stathmin isoform #3 was phosphorylated on Ser38 only, and stathmin isoform #4 was phosphorylated on Ser38; however, the phosphorylation status of Ser63 could not be determined. In addition, three proteins which electrophorese near stathmin were identified in order to more accurately define the Mr/pI locus of this region of the 2-DE gel map. These include: phosphatidyl ethanolamine binding protein (Mr∼18 000 /pI 6.0), synuclein forms 2 and 3 (Mr∼14 000 /pI 5.4), and synuclein form 2 (Mr∼15 000 /pI 5.0).
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    Betriebsverhalten eines Festbettreaktors mit periodischer StrömungsumkehrPoster auf der gemeinsamen Arbeitssitzung des GVC-Fachausschusses „Technische Reaktionsführung“ und des DECHEMA-Arbeitsausschusses „Technische Reaktionen“ vom 7. bis 9. März 1994 in Bamberg. (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 67 (1995), S. 1008-1011 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330670817
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    Substituent effects on the CC bond strength, 17Part 16: Ref.. Formation and stability of α-carbamoylbenzyl radicals (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1995 (1995), S. 877-880 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Bond cleavage, C-C kinetics of ; Radicals, stability of ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Products and kinetics of the homolytic thermolyses reactions of the three tertiary amides 6a-c of 2,3,3-triphenylpropanoic acid were studied in solution. The steric effects on the C-C bond homolysis processes were evaluated from MM2 calculations. Taking this into account, we deduced radical stabilization enthalpies RSE for the α-carbamoylbenzyl radicals 3a-c from the activation enthalpies ΔH≠ [RSE (kcal/mol): 8.3 ± 2.8 (3a), 10.3 ± 2.7 (3b), 9.0 ± 2.2 (3c)].
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    Synthesis of soluble polyarylates with a propeller-like structure via Diels-Alder reaction (1998)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Rapid Communications 19 (1998), S. 631-634 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1336
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Soluble propeller-like polyarylates with M¯n ≈ 1 × 104 and melting in the range 200-220°C were synthesized via one-pot simultaneous Diels-Alder (using anthracene or (E,E)-1,4-diphenylbutadiene as enophile and the fumaroyl moiety as dienophile) and polycondensation reaction. Thermal properties of all polyarylates were evaluated. Decomposition occurs in two steps between approximately 300-400°C. The first step is due to retro-Diels-Alder reaction and the second one to main-chain decomposition.
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    Berechnung der Umformeigenspannungen beim Fließpressen und Vergleich mit experimentellen Ergebnissen (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 28 (1997), S. 417-423 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Determination of Deformation-induced Residual Stresses in Full Forward Extrusion and Comparison to Experimental ResultsThe macroscopic residual stresses induced by cold forward extrusion of rods are calculated by the finite element method. For an experimental determination of the residual stresses X-ray diffraction and neutron diffraction as well as the hole drilling method are applied. The results of the experiments and the calculations are in qualitative agreement, those of the experiments even are in good quantitative agreement. They allow the investigation of the influence of the processing parameters. Thus, a product optimisation with respect to residual stresses is enabled.
    Notes: Die beim Fließpressen erzeugten Eigenspannungen I. Art werden durch eine Simulation des Umformprozesses mit der Finite-Elemente-Methode berechnet. Zur experimentellen Bestimmung der Eigenspannungen werden die Röntgenbeugung, die Neutronen-beugung und das Bohrlochverfahren eingesetzt. Die Ergebnisse der Simulation und der Versuche stimmen qualitativ, die experimentellen Verfahren untereinander auch quantitativ überein. Sie ermöglichen es, den Einfluß der Variation unterschiedlicher Umformparameter auf den Eigenspannungszustand aufzuzeigen. Damit sind die Voraussetzungen für eine Erzeugnisoptimierung hinsichtlich des Eigenspannungszustandes gegeben.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19970280907
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    NMR and semi-empirical study of the tautomerism of­2,2′-bisbenzimidazolyl (1998)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 11 (1998), S. 411-418 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: 2,2′-bisbenzimidazolyl ; tautomerism ; NMR ; semi-empirical calculations ; Chemistry ; Theoretical, Physical and Computational Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A dynamic NMR study of the tautomerism of 2,2′-bisbenzimidazolyl in DMSO-d6 and a mechanistic interpretation of the process, based on a stepwise, single-proton transfer and formation of a zwitterionic intermediate, are presented. This interpretation is substantiated by semi-empirical calculations of the postulated intermediate and transition state, that yield results which are compared with previous studies on related aliphatic systems. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Quantum chemical PM-3 study of the thermal stability of heterocyclic fragments of heteropolymers, 3Part 2: cf. ref.2. Thermal stabilities of different components of heteropolymer repeating units (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Theory and Simulations 4 (1995), S. 209-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1344
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Dissociation energies (ED) of different components of repeating units of heteropolymers (HPs) have been calculated by the semiempirical PM-3 method. Comparison of ED values of heterocycles (HCs) and of single bonds contained in phenyl-substituted benzoheterocycles have shown that for polybenzazoles and HPs with carbonyl-containing HCs the initial degradation in the absence of weak links (uncyclized units, structural defects, etc.) preferably starts with HC homolytic decomposition. For these two groups of HCs the relationship between the ED of HCs and the initial degradation temperature of corresponding HPs is, on the whole, similar to the one found upon calculation of benzoheterocycles. In HPs based on quinoline and quinoxaline the single bond between HC and phenyl (Ph) group is less stable than the HC, and the breaking of that single bond can accompany the initial HP degradation. An analysis of relative stabilities of X-Ph bonds of Ph-X-Ph fragments of HPs with X = O, S, CH2, CO and of the relationship between their stabilities and those of other fragments of the HP repeating unit has been performed by using both calculated ED values and those obtained from thermochemical data. ED values for Ph-X-Ph decompositions turned out to be close to those for some HCs.
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    Absorption/Elektronentransfer/Absorption - ein effizienter Weg zu hydratisierten Elektronen bei der LaserblitzlichtphotolyseUnser besonderer Dank gilt Herrn Dr. D. Beckert, Universität Leipzig, der uns großzügigerweise Meßzeit an seinem ESR-Spektrometer zur Verfügung stellte und die Verwendung seiner Software zur Bearbeitung der ESR-Spektren gestattete, V. Z. dankt Frau J. Geimer für die Einarbeitung am Spektrometer. (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 109 (1997), S. 2779-2781 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: ESR-Spektroskopie ; Blitzlichtphotolyse ; Photochemie ; Radikalionen ; Solvatisierte Elektronen ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19971092335
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    Absorption/Electron Transfer/Absorption -  An Efficient Pathway to Hydrated Electrons in Laser Flash PhotolysisSpecial gratitude is expressed to Dr. D. Beckert, Universität Leipzig, who generously provided measuring time on his EPR spectrometer and allowed us to use his software for processing the EPR spectra. V. Z. thanks Mrs. J. Geimer for training him on the spectrometer. (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 36 (1997), S. 2664-2666 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: EPR spectroscopy ; flash photolysis ; photochemistry ; radical ions ; solvated electrons ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.199726641
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    Influence of crosslinking conditions on the phase behavior of a polyacrylate-based liquid-crystalline elastomer (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Rapid Communications 17 (1996), S. 43-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1336
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The influence of crosslinking conditions (γ-radiation-induced and chemical crosslinking above and below the clearing point) on the phase behavior of a liquid-crystalline polyacrylate-based elastomer is shown and discussed. The network formation in samples γ-irradiated in the nematic phase results in an increase of the clearing point Tn-i which does not depend on the crosslinking density expressed as the ratio of weight-average molecular weight over number-average molecular weight between crosslinks Mw/Mc within a wide Mw/Mc range. The distorting action of the crosslinking agent at the same temperature leads to the opposite tendency in the change of Tn-i. Crosslinking in the isotropic phase shows a strong decrease in Tn-i.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/marc.1996.030170107
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    Graft polymerization of hydrophilic monomers onto textile fibers treated by glow discharge plasma (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 61 (1996), S. 1579-1584 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Graft polymerization of vinyl monomers was made onto some natural and synthetic textile fibers that were pretreated by glow discharge plasmas. Among the monomers investigated, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) produced the most improved grafting effects. Effects of plasma gas source, exposing time of glow discharge, grafting time, temperature, etc., on grafting were investigated. Postpolymerization in vacuum allowing oxygen shutoff was desirable for improved grafting yield. Air exposure of the plasma pretreated textile fabrics lead to decrease of grafting yield prominently because of the deactivation of radicals by oxidation. Grafting amount was dependent also on the nature of the substrate textile fibers, and cotton was, in general, more reactive. Breaking strength of yarns increased after graft polymerization of HEMA, while the strength decreased by etching of yarns by plasma treatments using nonpolymerizable gas species. Increase of the strength in the grafted yarn is attributed to binding effect of the grafted polymers as revealed from studies of morphology by scanning electron microscopy. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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    [Cu4(NPMe3)3(O2C—CH3)5] - ein tetramerer Phosphaniminato-Komplex von Kupfer(II). Synthese, Kristallstruktur, magnetisches Verhalten und EPR-Spektrum (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 621 (1995), S. 1311-1317 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Phosphorane Iminato Complexes ; Copper(II) ; Synthesis ; Magnetic Behaviour ; EPR Spectrum ; Crystal Structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: [Cu4(NPMe3)3(O2C—CH3)5] - a Tetrameric Phosphorane Iminato Complex of Copper(II). Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Magnetic Behaviour, and EPR SpectrumThe title compound and the corresponding benzoate complex [Cu4(NPMe3)3(O2C—C6H5)5] have been prepared by reactions of copper(II)acetate and copper(II)benzoate, respectively, with Me3SiNPMe3 in dichloromethane. Both complexes are characterized by IR spectroscopy. The acetate complex is additionally characterized by the measurement of the magnetic susceptibility, by its EPR spectrum, and by a crystal structure determination.[Cu4(NPMe3)3(O2C—CH3)5] · CH2Cl2: Space group I41/a, Z = 16, structure solution with 7 960 independent reflections, R = 0.044. Lattice dimensions at -70°C: a = b = 3 670.6; c = 1 091.9 pm. The structure consists of four Cu atoms which are arranged at the corners of a distorted tetrahedron with Cu…Cu distances between 290 and 318 pm. Three of the faces of the tetrahedron are linked by μ3-N atoms of the phosphorane iminato groups. Three of the acetate ligands form chelates, the other two are monofunctionally coordinated. Three of the copper atoms have a planar surrounding, the forth Cu atom has a (4 + 1) coordination.
    Notes: Die Titelverbindung sowie der entsprechende Benzoat-Komplex [Cu4(NPMe3)3(O2C—C6H5)5] wurden durch Reaktion von Kupfer(II)acetat bzw. von Kupfer(II)benzoat mit Me3SiNPMe3 in Dichlormethan hergestellt und durch ihre IR-Spektren charakterisiert. Der Acetatkomplex wurde zusätzlich durch die Messung der magnetischen Suszeptibilität, des EPR-Spektrums und durch eine Kristallstrukturanalyse charakterisiert.[Cu4(NPMe3)3(O2C—CH3)5] · CH2Cl2: Raumgruppe I41/a, Z = 16, Strukturlösung mit 7 960 unabhängigen Reflexen, R = 0,044. Gitterkonstanten bei -70°C: a = b = 3 670,6; c = 1 091,9 pm. Die Struktur besteht aus vier Cu-Atomen, die ein verzerrtes Tetraeder bilden mit Cu…Cu-Abständen zwischen 290 und 318 pm. Drei der Tetraederflächen sind durch μ3-N-Atome dreier NPMe3--Gruppen überbrückt, drei der Acetatliganden sind chelatartig gebunden, während zwei Acetatgruppen monofunktionell koordinieren. Drei der Cu-Atome haben planare Umgebung, das vierte hat eine (4 + 1)-Koordination.
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    Beurteilung des Haftvermögens von PVD-Hartstoffschichten mittels tribologischer Kurzzeit-Tests (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 149-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Assessment of the Adhesion of PVD-Coatings by Means of Tribological Short-Time TestsAs a result of an increasing use of wear resistant coatings in tribological applications, the evaluation of adhesion by means of a simple, fast and reproductial test method becomes more and more important. Although various standard adhesion tests already exist, the transferability of these results to real applications is often insufficient.To assess the adhesion of different PVD-coatings tribological short-time tests were carried out under sliding friction conditions. The testing parameters were chosen in such a way, that on the one hand information concerning adhesion of the coating were shortly obtainable, but on the other hand the coatings were not worn out to early. Finally the results of the tribological short-time tests were compared with that of real cutting tests. The results of the tribological short-time tests show a very good qualitative correlation with cutting tests. TiN- and (Ti, Al)N-coatings which demonstrate inadequate adhesion in short-time tests, fail during cuttings tests very shortly. This is also value for coatings with a good adhesion, which do well in tribological short-time tests as well as in real cutting tests. Therefore the tribological short-time tests may be an interesting method for evaluating adhesion of PVD-coatings in a fast and cheap way.
    Notes: Mit zunehmender Bedeutung der Hartstoffbeschichtungen wächst das Interesse an Beurteilungsmöglichkeitenihres Haftvermögens durch wenig aufwendige, rasch durchführbare und reproduzierbare Testmethoden. Zwar gibt es inzwischen verschiedene Standard-Prüfverfahren, doch erweist sich die Übertragbarkeit der Ergebnisse auf den späteren Anwendungsfall oftmals als unzureichend, so daß Aussagen über das funktionelle Verhalten für den späteren praktischen Einsatz kaum möglich sind. Zur Beurteilung des Haftvermögens von PVD-Hartstoffschichten wurden verschiedene Hartstoffschichten mit Hilfe tribologischer Kurzzeit-Tests untersucht. Die tribologischen Kurzzeit-Tests wurden unter Gleitreibungsbedingungen durchgeführt und die Versuchsparameter so gewählt, daß schnell qualitative Aussagen über das Haftvermögen der Hartstoffschichten möglich waren. Zur Überprüfung der mittels tribologischer Kurzzeit-Tests gewonnenen Erkenntnisse wurden Modellverschleißuntersuchungen an Originalwerkzeugen und reale Zerspanversuche durchgeführt.Die Ergebnisse der tribologischen Kurzzeit-Testszeigen eine sehr gute qualitative Übereinstimmung mit den Zerspanuntersuchungen. So schneiden die untersuchten TiN und (Ti, Al)N-Schichten, die bei den tribologischen Kurzzeit-Tests ein schlechtes oder mäßiges Haftvermögen zeigten, auch bei den Zerspanuntersuchungen schlecht ab. Entsprechendes gilt für Schichten mit guter Haftung, die bei tribologischen Tests und Zerspanuntersuchungen übereinstimmend deutlich besser abschnitten. Demnach erscheint die tribologische Kurzzeit-Prüfung eine interessante Möglichkeit zu sein, das Haftungsvermögen von PVD-Schichten auf schnellem und kostengünstigem Wege qualitativ zu beurteilen.
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    Phase separation, crystallization, and structure formation in immiscible polymer solutions (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 57 (1995), S. 1525-1537 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Morphological and calorimetric studies of phase separation have been carried out in solutions of a crystallizable polymer in poor solvents. Hydrogenated polybutadiene with low branch content was investigated in solutions with diphenyl ether and diphenyl methane, in which the equilibrium phase diagram exhibits both liquid-liquid phase separation and crystallization of the polymer. Emphasis is placed on sample preparation protocols using thermal treatments at low concentrations where it is anticipated that both phase separation mechanisms may influence the resulting morphology. Samples prepared using either ramp cooling or isothermal crystallization exhibit porous structures such as those seen in membrane materials, that predominantly reflect liquid phase separation. However, the interplay between the different kinetics of liquid demixing and crystallization provides a mechanism to control, for instance, pore size. DSC studies during ramp cooling showed evidence of two discrete crystallization processes associated with the two liquid phases expected to be present under these circumstances. Finally, high concentration samples showed morphological evidence of liquid phase separation induced at the growth front of spherulites in otherwise single-phase polymer solutions. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070571212
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    A novel technique for quantitative detection of mRNA expression in human bone derived cells cultured on biomaterials (1996)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 33 (1996), S. 217-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: A nonisotopic and quantitative in situ hybridization technique was adapted to investigate the effect of biomaterials on the cellular expression of mRNA from human bone derived cells (HBD cells). HBD cells were cultured for 24 or 48 h on tissue culture plastic, alumina, and ion modified alumina. Osteocalcin, osteopontin, alkaline phosphatase, type I collagen α1, and type I collagen α2 mRNAs were quantified. Protein expression for collagen types I, III, and V, and for anti-human macrophages CD68 (DAKO-CD68, KP1) and CD68 (PG-M1), and anti-human myeloid/histiocyte antigen (DAKO-MAC 387) were determined immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibodies. At 24 and 48 h, levels of mRNA for alkaline phosphatase and osteonectin were greater than mRNA levels for osteopontin, osteocalcin, collagen type I α1, and collagen type I α2 for cells grown on the three substrata. However, at 48 h mRNA levels for alkaline phosphatase and osteonectin were significantly higher on the modified ceramic substrata relative to the native alumina. HBD cells appear to express CD68-KP1 when cultured for 24 h. The techniques provide a sensitive and reproducible assay to evaluate gene and protein expression of cells grown on different substrata. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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    Artemisinin Tricyclic Analogs Bearing a Methyl Group at C-5a: Preparation and Antimalarial Activity (1998)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1998 (1998), S. 2897-2906 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Antiprotozoals ; Artemisinin ; Trioxanes ; Epoxysilane ; Vinylsilane ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Syntheses of the two artemisinin tricyclic analogs 39 and 40 bearing a methyl group at C-5a have been accomplished. The common starting material in both approaches was enantiomerically pure oxo nitrile (R)-10 which was elaborated through the Michael addition of chiral imine 9 to acrylonitrile. Several strategies for converting 10 into targets 39 and 40 were investigated. The strategy which was ultimately adopted employed the addition of [chloro(trimethylsilyl)methyl]lithium (15) to 10. The resulting epoxysilane 16 was converted into vinylsilane 36 by an original route involving first the regioselective opening of the oxirane ring by means of HBr, followed by zinc reduction. Addition of methyllithium to form 36 furnished pivotal derivative 37 which was finally converted into our targets 39 and 40 by ozonization. These trioxanes were thus synthesized by a linear sequence of seven chemical operations, with an overall yield of ca. 9% and 11%, respectively, from 2-methylcyclohexanone (8). Both compounds proved to be completely devoid of antimalarial activity on the “H” clone of Plasmodium falciparum. In contrast, the two structural analogs 43 and 44 having a hydrogen atom at the C-5a angular position display relatively high antimalarial activities. Thus, the fact that the replacement of the hydrogen atom at C-5a by a methyl group in tricyclic trioxanes 6 was detrimental to biological activity reinforced the hypothesis that tight hemin-trioxane complexes of type 7 are involved in the activation phase of these antimalarial agents.
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    Synthesis of perfluorinated cation exchange membranes by preirradiation grafting of acrylic acid onto ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene films (1996)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 34 (1996), S. 1793-1798 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: synthesis ; fluoromembranes ; acrylic acid ; radiochemical grafting ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Hydrophilic carboxyl-containing fluoromembranes were obtained by preirradiation grafting of acrylic acid onto ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene film. The dependence of the grafting reaction on temperature, monomer concentration, nature and concentration of inhibitor, crosslinking agent, solvent, and on the preirradiation dose was investigated. The grafting rates increase with temperature, whereas the saturation degree of grafting (SDG) decreases. Addition of inhibitor minimizes homopolymerization and at the same time hinders the grafting reaction. The SDG increases markedly with monomer concentration until it reaches a maximum and thereafter decreases. The grafting rates increase with preirradiation dose. Addition of crosslinking agent initially decreases the SDG, and thereafter increases. The highest grafting rates are obtained using water as solvent followed by methanol and ethanol. The results are discussed on the basis of various parameters: interaction between monomer diffusibility and the viscosity of the monomer bath, the mutual reactivity of monomer, and the crosslinking agent. An agreement is observed between the values of the electrical resistance and the saturation degree of grafting. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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    Conductivity in redox modified conducting polymers. In-situ conductivity of poly(cyclopentadithiophenes) bearing p-nitrophenyl and 4-N-methylpyridinium groupsThe authors would like to thank R. Salmaso, and S. Sitran of the CNR for technical assistance. (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials 7 (1995), S. 48-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-9648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.19950070110
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    12. Untersuchungen zur Abtrennung von ladungsfreien Teilchen aus verunreinigten Flüssigkeiten durch negative Dielektrophorese (1998)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 70 (1998), S. 1068-1069 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330700916
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    Korrosionsmonitoring mit elektrochemischen Sensoren unter Einsatz von EvolutionsstrategienHerrn Professor Dr. Ewald Heitz zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet (1996)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 47 (1996), S. 299-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion monitoring with electrochemical sensors by using evolution-inspired optimization techniquesA complex array of sensors for measurements of corrosion influencing parameters was investigated at the example of pitting corrosion of the alloy X 5 CrNi 18 10. Potentiodynamic measurements of pitting potential were performed in a flow circuit by varying chloride ion concentration (10-3 … 1 mol 1-1), pH-value (2 … 8), content of dissolved oxygen (0 … 8 mg 1-1), temperature (10 … 60°C) and flow velocity (0 … 2 m s-1). The influence of these parameters on the pitting potential was evaluated by using evolution-inspired optimization technique with an equation derived from literature data. This technique is indicated by stable convergence in the present application and results in an empirical equation facilitating the forecast of pitting potential in the investigated parameter field.
    Notes: Eine komplexe Sensorik zur Messung korrosionsbeeinflussender Faktoren wurde am Beispiel der Lochkorrosion des Stahls X 5 CrNi 18 10 untersucht. Potentiodynamische Messungen des Lochfraßpotentials wurden unter Variation der Chloridionenkonzentration (10-3 … 1 mol 1-1), des pH-Wertes (2 … 8), des Gelöstsauerstoffgehaltes (0 … 8 mg 1-1), der Temperatur (10 … 60 °C) und der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit (0 … 2 m s-1) in einem Strömungskreislauf durchgeführt. Der Einfluß dieser Größen auf das Lochfraßpotential wurde mit einer aus Literaturdaten abgeleiteten Gleichung unter Einsatz von Evolutionsstrategien ausgewertet. Die damit gewählte Optimierungsmethode zeichnet sich im vorliegenden Anwendungsfall durch stabile Konvergenz aus und ergibt eine empirische Gleichung, die eine Vorhersage der Größe des Lochfraßpotentials im untersuchten Parameterbereich ermöglicht.
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    Mechanical properties of films from polymer latices (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymers for Advanced Technologies 6 (1995), S. 263-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1042-7147
    Keywords: latex films ; dynamic mechanical analysis ; two-phase morphology ; crosslinking ; film formation ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The mechanical behavior of latex films is governed by their macromolecular nature as well as by their origin from particles dispersed in an aqueous medium. When monomers of different polarity are copolymerized in emulsion copolymerization, a heterogeneous distribution of the polar groups in the latex and the film can occur, owing to the different water solubilities of the comonomers. Films from these latices in many cases show a two-phase morphology, first, consisting of the main polymer within the particles and, second, a phase which is concentrated in the interphase between the original particles and which has a strong influence on the mechanical properties of the films. Films from latices with crosslinked particles behave like homogeneous networks in the linear viscoelastic range, i.e. at small strains. Structured networks are found when latex films are interparticularly crosslinked during or after film formation, e.g. by polar bifunctional monomers or metal salts. Tensile tests of films show that the mechanical strength of latex films develops in the last stage of film formation by interdiffusion and entaglement formation across particle boundaries.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.1995.220060502
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    Hybrid electrolytes of poly(ethylene oxide) copolymers/LiClO4/SiO2: thermal analysis, mechanical properties and chemometric study of ionic conductivity (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 48 (1997), S. 193-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1997.010480504
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    Synthesis of novel polyaryl(ether-ketones) with tert-butyl pendent groupsDedicated to Prof. F. J. Baltaá Calleja on the occasion of his 60th birthday. (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 36 (1998), S. 1251-1256 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: ether ketones ; synthesis ; NMR ; thermal properties ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Linear polyaryl(ether ketones) containing tert-butyl pendent groups were prepared from aromatic hydrocarbons and aromatic diacid chlorides, both classes of monomers containing tert-butyl pendent groups. The polymers were prepared in high yield and high molecular weight by low-temperature precipitation polycondensation in 1,2-dichloroethane. The presence of meta-oriented moieties and bulky pendent groups played a beneficial role with regard to solubility, while the thermal transitions and thermal resistance were not greatly impaired relative to conventional all para-oriented polyaryl(ether-ketones). The current polyaryl(ether-ketones) showed glass transition temperatures in the range 170-240°C and decomposition temperatures, as measured by TGA, of about 500°C. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 1251-1256, 1998
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    Aromatic polymers obtained by precipitation polycondensation, 2Part 1: cf. ref.1. Synthesis of poly(ether ketone ether ketone ketone) (PEKEKK)Structure-based name: Poly(oxy-1,4-phenylenecarbonyl-1,4-phenyleneoxy-1,4-phenylenecarbonyl-1,4-phenylenecarbonyl-1,4-phenylene). (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 198 (1997), S. 1131-1146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A high molecular weight, linear aromatic poly(ether ketone ether ketone ketone) (PEKEKK) has been synthesized by electrophilic Friedel-Crafts acylation condensation of 1,4-diphenoxybenzophenone with terephthaloyl chloride. The syntheses were performed as precipitation polycondensations, and the polyketones were obtained in particle form. The viscosity (molecular weight), shape and size of these particles were found to be strongly dependent on the reaction conditions. For low monomer concentration, highly ordered needle-like particles were also obtained. The chemical structure of the polymers obtained was confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and para-substitution in aryl fragments of the main chain was identified. Analysis of the expanded 1H NMR spectra for the ring proton resonances reveals defect meta- and ortho-structures. The amount and isomer ratio of these defect structures depend on the monomer concentration used.
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    Aromatic polymers obtained by precipitation polycondensation. 6. Morphology of polyketone particles (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 48 (1997), S. 269-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Syntheses of aromatic polyketones in the form of particles were performed using a very small monomer concentration (0.05 mol/1) by the precipitation polycondensation method. Some of these particles present highly ordered elongated needle-like structures (whiskers) particularly for the all-para polyketone samples. The use of isophthaloyl instead of terephthaloyl for the same low monomer concentration produces, in addition to the globular particles, bundles of ribbon-like structures. The average size of the needle-like particles is 1-5 μm in width and 150-250 μm in length. The factors controlling the morphology texture and size of the whiskers and ribbons are shown to be the polymer structure and the reaction conditions. Formation mechanisms are discussed.
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    Comparative study of organofunctional water-borne silanes as couplants in nylon-66 composites (1995)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 1 (1995), S. 109-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Use of silane coupling agents enables the significant improvement of the performance of thermoplastic composites. Water-borne silane coupling agents may offer a more environmentally friendly alternative. Compositions of nylon 66 with silane and water-borne silane treated mineral fillers: clay, talc, mica and wollastonite were prepared and comparatively evaluated. Filler dispersion, mechanical properties, and thermoplastic matrix-mineral substrate interface were studied. It may be gathered from the results of the study that water-borne silanes by themselves or in combination with some additives exhibit equal or better performance than regular silanes.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730010213
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    Utility of nicotinoyl derivatives in structural studies of mono- and diacylglycerols by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Part 2 (1995)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 30 (1995), S. 432-437 
    Details
    ISSN: 1076-5174
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The positional isomers of mono[(Z)-9-octadecenoyl] glycerol, di[(Z)-12-octadecadienoyl] glycerol were derivatized with nicotinic acid chloride hydrochloride. The resulting nicotinoyl derivatives were examined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. In their electron impact mass spectra, each methylene group and double bond of the alkyl chain is reflected by a fragmentation pattern in the high mass region. This is caused by radical-induced cleavage of the alkyl chains following random hydrogen abstraction by the pyridine nucleus. An accurate determination of double bond positions in mono- and diacylglycerols is possible by characteristic spacings between abundant diagnostic ions in this fragmentation pattern.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jms.1190300306
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    An Efficient Procedure for Preparing γ-Hydroxy α,β-Unsaturated Sulfones (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1999 (1999), S. 1545-1550 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Takai-Hiyama-Nozaki-Kishi coupling ; Sulfones ; β-Ionone ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Chromium(II)-mediated Barbier condensation of β-iodovinyl p-tolylsulfone with aldehydes and β-ionone afforded the title hydroxysulfones in good to excellent yields.
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    Capillary electrophoresis of closely related intrinsic thylakoid membrane proteins of the photosystem II light-harvesting complex (LHC II) (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 17 (1996), S. 1597-1601 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Capillary electrophoresis ; Membrane proteins ; Photosystem II light-harvesting complex ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electrophoretic migration behavior of three closely related hydrophobic intrinsic membrane proteins of the photosystem II light-harvesting complex (LHC II) was investigated in free solution capillary electrophoresis at pH 8.0-10 with running electrolyte solutions containing either anionic, zwitterionic or nonionic detergents. The complete and repeatable separation of these proteins was accomplished with a running electrolyte solution of 25 mM Tris/192 mM glycine, pH 8.8, containing either sodium dodecyl sulfate or n-octyl β-D-glucopyranoside at concentration up to 5.0 and 7.0 mM, respectively. Migration times and resoltuion of the individual LHC II intrinsic membrane proteins were sensitive to the type of detergent. The effect of detergent concentration on the electrophoretic behavior of the LHC II proteins was also investigated. Electroelution of the LHC II components separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to isolate these intrinsic membrane proteins, which were then injected onto the capillary electrophoresis system for peak identification.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150171018
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    Safe design of a thermally unstable solid storage container: Natural convection effects on thermal ignition (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Process Safety Progress 16 (1997), S. 231-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-8527
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A numerical simulation of the convection process in a thermally unstable solid storage container has been carried out. The obtained results show that natural convection shifts the thermal ignition to higher induction times. Beyond a critical Rayleigh number, natural convection can prevent the system against thermal ignition. Temperature and velocity fields are calculated. The influence of the dependence of Biot numbers on temperature and the radius/height ratios on the induction times for thermal ignition has been also examined.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prs.680160406
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    Die Kristallstrukturen von CsBiO2 und Cs3BiO3Professor Joachim Strähle zum 60.Geburtstag gewidmet (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 623 (1997), S. 832-836 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Cesiumbismuthate(III) ; synthesis ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Crystal Structures of CsBiO2 and Cs3BiO3CsBiO2 (pale yellow) and Cs3BiO3 (yellow) were obtained by solid state reactions of the binary components Cs2O und Bi2O3 at temperatures of 700°C and 550°C, respectively, The crystal structure of CsBiO2 (C2/c, a = 827.4(2), b = 920.4(2), c = 597.87(9) pm, β = 122.51(1)°, Z = 4, 975 diffractometer data, R1 = 0.058, wR2 = 0.077) contains infinite ∞1[BiO2/2O′2/2] chains. The structure determination of Cs3BiO3 (P213, a = 920,86(8), Z = 4, 289 diffractometer data, R1 = 0,048, wR2 = 0.081) reveals ‘isolated’ BiO33- groups. In this structure the cation arrangement is the same as that of the atoms in the intermetallic phase Cs3Bi.
    Notes: CsBiO2 (hellgelb) und Cs3BiO3 (gelb) wurden durch Festkörperreaktion aus den binären Komponenten Cs2O und Bi2O3 bei Temperaturen von 700°C bzw. 550°C dargestellt. In CsBiO2 liegen nach der Einkristallröntgenstrukturanalyse (C2/c; a = 827,4(2); b = 920,4(2); c = 597,87(9) pm; β = 122,51(1)°; Z = 4; 975 Diffraktometerdaten; R1 = 0,058; wR2 = 0,077) unendlich ausgedehnte ∞1[BiO2/2O′2/2]-Ketten vor. Die Kristallstruktur von Cs3BiO3 (P213; a = 920,86(8) pm; Z = 4; 289 Diffraktometerdaten; R1 = 0,048; wR2 = 0,081) enthält ‚isolierte‘ pyramidale BiO33--Anionen. Die Kationenanordnung in Cs3BiO3 entspricht der Atom-anordnung in der intermetallischen Phase Cs3Bi.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.199762301131
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    A polysiloxane-based photorefractive polymer with high optical gain and diffraction efficiency*This work was supported by the Fonds der Chemischen Industrie and by FOROPTO. (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials 7 (1995), S. 911-914 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-9648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.19950071108
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    Synthesis of (+)-(S)-ibuproxam and preparation of some new complexes of racemic and (+)-(S)-ibuproxam with β-cyclodextrin and its derivatives (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chirality 7 (1995), S. 206-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: (S)-ibuproxam ; enantiomers ; NSAID ; β-cyclodextrin ; solubilisation ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: (+)-(S)-Ibuproxam, a prodrug of (+)-(S)-ibuprofen, the pharmacologically active component of ibuprofen, was synthesized in order to minimize side effects (especially gastric irritation) and reduce effective dose. The low water solubility of (+)-(S)-ibuproxam, which prevents rapid dissolution and absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, was overcome by complexation with β-cyclodextrin and its derivatives. The inclusion complex formation was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), by 1H-NMR spectroscopy, and X-ray powder diffractometry. The physicochemical characteristics of ibuproxam were significantly improved by the complexation. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chir.530070405
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    Reactions of the carbonyl group of 5-acyl-1,3-dioxanes (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 337 (1995), S. 156-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 0941-1216
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19953370132
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    Selbstansaugende und radialstrahlende TrichterdüseVortrag von M. ZLOKARNIK anläslich der GVC-Fachausschußsitzung Bioverfahrenstechnik, 14./15. Mai 1996 in Dresden. (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 68 (1996), S. 1572-1574 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330681207
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    Rührtechnik am Ausklang des 20. JahrhundertsVortrag anläßlich des internationalen Seminars „Rühren und Mischen“, 25./28. Okt. 1999 an der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Lehrstuhl für Strömungsmechanik. (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 71 (1999), S. 1138-1142 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Mixing at the End of the 20th Century In the light of the rapid and highly successful development of mixing technology during the past 50 years the author presents a terse and critical assessment focussing on open problems and their possible solutions. One of the shortcomings encountered in practice lies in the failure to distinguish between micro- and macro-mixing as fundamental mixing processes. The other concerns the failures attributed to dimensional analysis which actually originate in inappropriate measuring and application techniques.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330711004
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    Reaktorintegrierter Umweltschutz in der chemischen ProduktionÜbersichtsvortrag von M. ZLOKARNIK auf dem Jahrestreffen der Verfahrensingenieure, 28./30. Sept. 1994 in Aachen. (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 67 (1995), S. 1584-1594 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In the series of environmental protection measures avoidance-utilisation-disposal the greatest priority in the chemical industry is given to the first, particularly since it is the chemical reaction which predetermines the nature and extent of subsequent work-up steps and the environmental burden. This reactor-integrated environmental protection leads to a process reappraisal which is divided into searches for alternative synthetic routes, reactants, reaction media, and catalysts. However, one of the principal tasks concerns reexamination of the thermodynamics and kinetics, not only to ensure optimised concentration and temperature control but also to examine the possibility of integrating separation operations during the course of reaction with the aim of shifting equilibria.
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    Direct observation of the stacked structure in substituted copper phthalocyanine LB films with STM (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials for Optics and Electronics 5 (1995), S. 259-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1057-9257
    Keywords: scanning tunnelling microscopy ; Langmuir-Blodgett films ; substituted phthalocyanines ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: The in-plane molecular structures of octa-alkyl substituted copper phthalocyanine LB films deposited on graphite have been resolved with a scanning tunnelling microscope (STM). The face-to-face stacking of Pc macrocycles has been observed in the topographies of R8PcCu monolayers. The stacking period was found to be 3.8-4 Å and the molecular rows were separated by 19 Å and 16 A for (C6H13)PcCu and (C5H11)PcCu respectively.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/amo.860050503
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    Chemiluminescence in thermal oxidation of rubbers under stress (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 252 (1997), S. 257-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The thermal oxidative stability of 100 μm sulfur vulcanized latex film stretched to various extent was studied by means of the chemiluminescence technique in 130-160°C temperature interval. In the 130-150°C temperature region the induction period of oxidation increases with deformation, reaches a limiting value at about 60-70% and remains unchanged up to 200%. This effect becomes less pronounced as temperature rises from 130 to 150°C and at 160°C no change in the induction period with the extent of deformation is observed. The oxidation rate constant exhibited different behavior. It was constant in the entire region of deformations studied at 130°C, while a slight increase at extensions exceeding 100% was noticed at higher temperatures. Original sample exhibited a substantially reversible deformation at ambient conditions even when stretched 200% for 1 hour. On the other hand, preliminary 200% stretching for 30 min under nitrogen at 150°C led to 67% residual deformation at room temperature. The latter sample was found to be essentially less stable than the unstretched material. Surprisingly enough, 100% elongation imposed on the sample with residual deformation resulted in the improvement in stability which was primarily due to the rise in the induction period value. The activation energy of oxidation was 62.8 kJ/mol for unstrained and about 12.6 kJ/mol less for all strained samples.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1997.052520117
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    Synthesis and characterization of acrylate-terminated unsaturated copolyesters (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 198 (1997), S. 1775-1785 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The reaction of the potassium salt of acrylic acid with the potassium salt of a dicarboxylic acid and 1,4-dibromobutane was applied to the synthesis of three series of acrylate-terminated copolyesters: poly(tetramethylene maleate-co-tetramethylene phthalate) (BMPA), poly(tetramethylene fumarate-co-tetramethylenephthalate) (BFPA) and poly(tetramethylene phthalate-co-tetramethylene succinate) (BPSA). The monofunctional monomer, the potassium salt of acrylic acid, was used for the introduction of double bonds at the end of the chains and for the regulation of the molecular weight of the polyesters. The telechelic copolyesters were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, in almost all cases providing an acrylate functionality of two.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1997.021980607
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    Distance indices in a comparison between the A, D, I and R genomes of the Triticeae tribe (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 16 (1995), S. 1295-1300 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Triticum ; Secale ; Hordeum ; Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ; Phylogenetic relationships ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of shoot proteins was used to study the relationships between Triticum, Secal, and Hordeum. A high level of polymorphism was found among the 1275 spots scored: only 198 spots were found common to all. But, under the hypothesis that only allelic variations were observed, the mean number of alleles per locus was only two. Phenograms were built from different distance indices. All of them showed Triticum genomes A and D close to each other, Hordeum, far from the Triticum cluster, and Secale at an intermediate position. A discussion on the use of various distance indices is presented.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.11501601212
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    Interactions Between Cyclodextrins and TmIII Chelates of Polyazamacrocycles as Studied by NMR in Aqueous Solution (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 1999 (1999), S. 287-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: MRI contrast agents ; Macrocyclic ligands ; Cyclodextrins ; Host-guest chemistry ; Lanthanides ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The interactions between α-, β-, and γ-CD and the TmIII chelates of the macrocyclic polyaminopolycarboxylates DOTA and NOTA were studied with the use of 1H- and 13C-NMR shift and relaxation rate measurements. Interactions were only observed between Tm(DOTA)- and γ-CD. The structure and the stability of the concerning supramolecular structures was elucidated by fitting of the NMR titration curves to a theoretical model. It appears that an inclusion compound is formed, where the hydrophobic macrocyclic part of the chelate sits in the γ-CD cavity. This inclusion compound binds a second Tm(DOTA)- molecule at the outside lower rim of the CD cone. The binding occurs probably via hydrogen bonds between non-chelated carboxylate oxygen atoms of the concerning Tm(DOTA)- and CH2OH groups of the γ-CD molecule, which are in a favorable position due to opening of the γ-CD cone angle as a result of the inclusion of the first γ-CD.
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    Seeded emulsion polymerization of butylacrylate: “Zero-one or pseudo-bulk?” (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 47 (1996), S. 441-449 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The kinetics of the emulsion polymerization of butyl acrylate at 20°C in Smith-Ewart interval III were investigated using a redox initiator system peroxodisulfate-bisulfite-copper. The aim of this work was to obtain more basic knowledge about the kinetic behavior of the butyl acrylate system. Monomer conversion into polymer was based on gravimetrically calibrated online densitometry. The experimentally obtained conversion versus time curves for these seeded reactions were fitted by a linear regression procedure (slope and intercept) as well as by a nonlinear regression procedure based upon zero-one kinetics. The conclussion is that the emulsion polymerization of butyl acrylate may reflect zero-one kinetics up to a particle size of approximately 130 nm. The rate coefficients for entry and exit can be obtained fairly accurately with the slope and intercept procedure and with the nonlinear regression method if the propagation rate coefficient is accurately known. However, this is not the case. Therefore the development of universal procedures for obtaining the propagation rate coefficients is essential, since this parameter is of paramount importance in all further model calculations concerning emulsion polymerization.
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    Polyether Catalysis of Ester Aminolysis - A Computational and Experimental Study (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1996 (1996), S. 1511-1522 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Aminolysis ; Esters ; Catalysis ; Calculations, ab initio ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Model systems for the reaction of amines with esters were investigated with ab initio methods. Ammonia and methylamine were used as models for primary amines, and formic acid, methyl acetate, phenyl acetate, and p-nitrophenyl acetate were chosen to represent typical esters. Geometry optimizations were performed for all systems with the HF/6-31G** method, and relative energies were evaluated by using MP2/6-31G** single-point energies. The lowest barriers are found for the reaction of methylamine with p-nitrophenyl acetate. Reaction occurs in this case according to a direct displacement pathway, in which all bond formation and breaking occurs in a single step. Complexation of the transition structures by dimethyl ether or dimethoxyethane leads to much the same changes as observed for variation of the leaving group. Based on the ab initio data a force field for the calculation of transition state-catalyst complexation was developed. This force field as well as ground state complexation energies were employed to predict catalytic activities for a number of polyethers, polyalcohols, and pyrans, which in part, were also investigated experimentally.
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    Theoretical and Physical Principles of Organic Reactivity. Von A. Pross. Wiley, Chichester, 1995. 294 S., geb. 42.50 £. ISBN 0-471-55599-1 (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 108 (1996), S. 1687-1687 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19961081350
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    Memofix Physikalische Chemie: Kurz und bündig von A-Z. Von P. Atkins. VCH Verlagsgesellschaft, Weinheim, 1996. 363 S., Broschur 48.00 DM. - ISBN 3-527-29396-5 (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 109 (1997), S. 1997-1997 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19971091737
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    Übergangszustände für Elektronentransferreaktionen: gebunden oder nicht gebunden? (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 109 (1997), S. 1773-1776 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Ab-initio-Rechnungen ; Elektronentransfer ; Reaktionsmechanismen ; Übergangszustände ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19971091606
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    The adventure playground of mechanisms and novel reactions. (Reihe: Profiles, Pathways, and Dreams, Reihenherausgeber: J. I. Seeman.) Von R. Huisgen. American Chemical Society, Washington, 1994, 279 S., geb. 24.95 $. - ISBN 0-8412-1832-3 (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 107 (1995), S. 1233-1234 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19951071027
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    Electron-Transfer Transition States: Bound or Unbound - That is the Question! (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 36 (1997), S. 1697-1700 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: ab initio calculations ; electron transfer ; reaction mechanisms ; transition states ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.199716971
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    Book Review: Theoretical and Physical Principles of Organic Reactivity. By A. Pross (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 35 (1996), S. 1866-1867 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.199618662
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    A free volume study of miscible polyester blendsPresented at ‘MakroAkron '94, 35th IUPAC Symposium on Macromolecules’, Akron, Ohio, 11-15 July 1994. (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer International 36 (1995), S. 127-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-8103
    Keywords: miscible blends ; polyesters ; positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy ; free volume ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Four blend systems (miscible binary polyester blends) have been examined by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS). The ortho-Positronium pick off lifetime, τ3, is related to the mean free volume cavity size in these miscible blends. The measured free volume cavity size for the blends is compared to the size predicted from linear additivity of the homopolymers. A negative deviation from linear additivity is observed for τ3 in each of the blend systems, and this behaviour is interpreted as a contraction of the mean free volume cavity size due to the changes in molecular packing that occur on blending. The consequence of these free volume results for the mechanical properties of miscible polyester blends is discussed and tested for the polycarbonate/Kodar system. The glass transition data suggest weak specific interactions in the blends; however, the mechanical properties are significantly affected by blending.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.1995.210360203
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    Zelluläre Immunerkennung und biologische Rolle der Haupttransplantationsantigene (Nobel-Vortrag)Copyright© The Nobel Foundation 1997. - Wir danken der Nobel-Stiftung, Stockholm, für die Genehmigung zum Druck einer deutschen Fassung des Vortrags. (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 109 (1997), S. 2026-2038 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Antigene ; Immunologie ; MHC ; Nobel-Aufsatz ; T-Zellen ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19971091805
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    Cellular Immune Recognition and the Biological Role of Major Transplantation Antigens (Nobel Lecture)Copyright© The Nobel Foundation 1997. We thank the Nobel Foundation, Stockholm, for permission to print this lecture. A glossary of terms and abbreviations is provided on p. 1947. (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 36 (1997), S. 1938-1949 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: antigens ; immunology ; MHC ; Nobel lecture ; T cells ; Antigens ; Immunochemistry ; MHC (major histocompatibility complex) ; Nobel lecture ; T cells ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.199719381
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    Randschichtzustand der Mg-Basislegierung AZ 31 nach mechanischen OberflächenbehandlungenHerrn Professor Dr.-Ing. Klaus Heckel zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet (1998)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 29 (1998), S. 163-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Near surface properties of Mg-alloy AZ 31 after mechanical surface treatmentsNear surface materials properties are investigated for Mg-alloy AZ 31 after different shot peening or deep rolling treatments resp. Surface topography as well as depth distributions of hardness, residual stresses and X-ray interference line half-width values are analysed for individual process parameters. In addition, stability of residual stress distributions during fatigue loading is investigated.
    Notes: Am Beispiel der Magnesiumbasislegierung AZ 31 wird gezeigt, welche randnahen Werkstoffzustände sich nach Kugelstrahl- bzw. Festwalzbehandlungen einstellen. Dazu werden die Oberflächentopographie sowie die Tiefenverteilungen der Härte, der Eigenspannungen und der Halbwertsbreiten von Röntgeninterferenzlinien nach Behandlungen mit unterschiedlichen Verfahrensparametern betrachtet. Außerdem wird die Stabilität der Eigenspannungszustände bei Schwingbeanspruchung an Luft untersucht.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19980290406
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    Molecular geometry and symmetry from a differential geometry viewpoint (1997)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 64 (1997), S. 669-678 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Molecular geometry ; symmetry ; symmorphy ; topology ; electron density ; Chemistry ; Theoretical, Physical and Computational Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Relations between an earlier generalization of molecular symmetry called symmorphy and a molecular equivalence based on diffeomorphisms of electron density functional graphs (the so-called DFG equivalence introduced in our previous work) are analyzed. Any two DFG-equivalent electron density functions can be derived from one another by a suitable transformation of the spatial coordinates and the electronic charge density scale; the classes of DFG equivalence are the orbits of a group of linear operators operating in the space of electron density functions. Within the symmorphy framework, the symmetry group is derived from the symmorphy group by taking an intersection of a subgroup of the symmorphy group and the group of isometries for a natural choice of the Riemannian metric tensor. The Riemannian metric properties provide a choice for a suitable reference electron density function for each class of equivalent densities. Such reference densities serve as tools for a systematic classification of the infinite family of electron densities of molecular conformations.   © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 64: 669-678, 1997
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    Termination of vitellogenesis in follicles of the moth, Plodia interpunctella: Changes in oocyte and follicular epithelial cell activities (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 29 (1995), S. 357-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Keywords: yolk proteins ; vitelline membrane ; immunofluorescent staining ; immunogold labeling ; Indianmeal moth ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The production and uptake of the follicular epithelium yolk protein (FEYP) is terminated coincident with the initiation of vitelline membrane synthesis in follicles of the Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner). This was determined by visualizing the cytolocalization of the FEYP subunits YP2 and YP4 using antisera to immunolabel ultrathin sections or whole-mounted ovaries. Both subunits of FEYP were detectable in the Golgi apparatus and associated secretory granules of the follicular epithelial cells (FC) in vitellogenic follicles. Before the follicles entered the terminal growth phase, the oocytes began production of specialized organelles, late yolk spheres. Following the appearance of late yolk spheres in the oocyte, the FC initiated the production of vitelline membrane proteins and the rapid clearance of YP2 from their cytoplasm. No YP2 was detected in the Golgi apparatus or in the secretory granules of FC from follicles in terminal growth phase, although YP4 was detected in these organelles. The vitelline membrane of follicles in termal growth phase was a bilayered structure with an electron-dense layer of vitelline membrane proteins that originated in the FC and an electron-translucent layer containing yolk proteins. During this period, late yolk spheres were observed fused with the oolemma exposing and possibly releasing their contents to the electron-translucent layer of the vitelline membrane. From this evidence, we suggest that during termination of vitellogenesis, the oocyte and FC work in concert to end uptake of yolk proteins and begin the synthesis of egg membranes, and that the oocyte contributes to the production of vitelline membrane by the release of previously sequestered yolk proteins. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940290404
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    Vitellin and formation of yolk spheres in vitellogenic follicles of the moth, Plodia interpunctella (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 29 (1995), S. 71-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Keywords: oogenesis ; yolk proteins ; vitelline membrane ; immunofluorescent staining ; immunogold labeling ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Vitellin (Vt) was found not to be critical to the formation or structure of yolk spheres in oocytes of the moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner). Vitellogenic activities of the follicular tissues were determined by visualizing the immunocytolocalization of Vt subunits (YP1 and YP3) and of a follicular epithelium yolk protein (FEYP) subunit (YP2) in ultrathin sections or in whole-mounted tissues. Vitellogenin was detectable in the inter-follicular epithelial cell (FC) spaces of patent, vitellogenin follicles of normal females. When the follicles entered terminal growth phase, the inter-FC spaces closed equatorially around the follicle which excluded vitellogenin from that region. The closure of the spaces spread towards the poles in more mature follicles. Vt was immunolocalized to yolk spheres of vitellogenic and terminal growth phase oocytes. To examine the role of Vt in formation of yolk spheres, ovaries were transplanted into males. Vt was not detected in the inter-FC spaces, vitelline membrane, or yolk spheres of follicles from transplanted ovaries developing in males. However, the FEYP subunit YP2 was detected in the Golgi apparatus and secretory vesicles of columnar FC and in the yolk spheres of the oocytes from transplanted ovaries. During the late vitellogenic period, late yolk spheres appeared in the cortical region of the oocytes. In addition, YP2 was detected in the electron-translucent vitelline membrane of terminal growth phase follicles. We conclude that Vt is not required for the formation of yolk spheres or the electron-translucent layer of vitelline membrane. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940290107
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    Ringtransformationen heterocyclischer Verbindungen. XII. Neuartige Spiroindoline via Ringtransformation von 2,4,6-Triaryl-pyryliumsalzen mit 2-Methylen-indolinen (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 337 (1995), S. 368-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 0941-1216
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ring Transformations of Heterocyclic Compounds. XII. Novel Spiroindolines via Ring Transformation of 2,4,6-Triarylpyrylium Salts with 2-Methyleneindolines2,4,6-Triarylpyrylium salts 1 react with 2-methyleneindolines 2 or their salts 2 HX in the presence of triethylamine/acetic acid in ethanol by a 2,5-[C4 + C2] pyrylium ring transformation to give diastereomerically pure 6-aroyl-3,5-diaryl-spiro[cyclohexa-2,4-diene-1,2′-indolines] 3, which represent a novel type of spiroindoline compounds. When the 1′-phenyl substituted spiroindolines 3 (R=Ph, R′=H) are treated with p-toluenesulfonic acid in chloroform the 4,6-diaryl-2-[1-methyl-1-(2-phenylaminophenyl)methyl]benzophenones 4 are obtained as the result of an intramolecular amine elimination. Structural elucidation of the reaction products 3/4 is based on spectroscopic data and on an X-ray determination of the bis(4-bromophenyl) substituted spiroindoline 3i.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19953370179
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    Hyphenation of gas chromatography and resonance-enhanced laser mass spectrometry (REMPI-TOFMS): A multidimensional analytical technique (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 20 (1997), S. 461-470 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary gas chromatography ; Time-of-flight mass spectrometry ; Hyphenated analytical techniques ; REMPI laser ionization ; Selective ionization ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Analysis of environmental samples usually requires time consuming sample preparation and clean-up procedures prior to instrumental detection. Faster analysis requires an enhanced instrumental selectivity in order to reduce the necessary clean-up effort. In this context we present a novel concept for coupling gas chromartography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with high resolution UV spectoscopy to increase selectivity. We use UV-laser induced, resonance-enhanced multi-photon ionization (REMPI)as a compound specifie ion source for time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS). The REMPI ionization involves the UV absorption spectroscopy into the ionization process as an aditional analytical dimension. The heart of the GC-REMPI-TOFMS coupling is a specially designed valve, which repetitively (20 Hz) expands the chromatographic eluent as short supersonic jet gas pulses (≈ 150 μs duration) into the vacuum of the mass specrtrometer. The sample molecules are cooled down to temperatures of 10-40 K within the jet expansion. Under these conditions, UV absorption spectriscopy (i.e. REMPi spectroscopy) becomes highly compound selective, even able to distinguish isomeric compounds. The ions formed by REMPI ionization are mass analyzed in the TOFMS. Thus the GC-REMPI-TOFMS coupling presented here is actually a three-dimensional analytical instrument, providing gas chromatographic (retention time) as well as mass spectrometric (molecular mass) and UV -spectroscopic (excitation laser wavelength) selectivity. In combination with gas phase sampling and concentration techniques for semi-volatile organic air pollutants based, e.g., on silicone rubber traps the GC-LAMS technique can be a powerful tool for fast environmental target analysis, e.g. for industrial emission control purposes.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240200902
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    Breite Qualifikation erforderlich. Zentrale Referentin für Arbeitssicherheit und Umweltschutz (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 31 (1997), S. 258-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Organisation, Koordination sowie Druchsetzung von sicherheits-technischen Maßnahmen bilden den Kern des Tätigkeitsfeldes der Zentralen Referentin für Arbeitssicherheit und Umweltschutz. Sie erfordern als Basis eine umfassende naturwissenschaftliche Ausbildung, so daß sich hier ein verantwortungsvoller Aufgabenbereich für Diplom-Chemiker/innen auftut, bei dem es gilt, Personen- und Umweltschäden präventiv entgegenzutreten. Darüber hinaus ist ein sicherer Umgang mit der entsprechenden Rechtsmaterie unumgänglich.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19970310510
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    Möglichkeiten und Grenzen von StreulichtmeßverfahrenVortrag anläßlich des Pharmazeutischen Praxisworkshops „Partikelcharakterisierung - Zetapotential- und Größenmessung“, 16. Juni 1995 in Berlin. (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 68 (1996), S. 422-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330680412
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    Ermüdungsverhalten einer lasergeschweißten pseudoelastischen NiTi-Legierung unter Biegebeanspruchung (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 28 (1997), S. 82-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Fatigue behaviour of a laser welded pseudoelastic NiTi alloy under bending stressesThe mechanical fatigue of small specimens of a commercial pseudoelastic NiTi alloy produced by laser welding and laser cutting was investigated in strain-controlled bending tests. In comparison with the base material the butt welded specimens showed significantly reduced numbers of cycles to failure. This is mainly caused by higher local strains due to height reductions in the welded joints. Both the welded microstructure and the unwelded one was able to be loaded up to 107 cycles without failure if the strain amplitude remained below 1%.
    Notes: Es wurde das Ermüdungsverhalten lasergeschweißter und -geschnittener Miniaturproben aus einer kommerziellen pseudoelastischen NiTi-Legierung in weggesteuerten Biegeversuchen bestimmt. Im Vergleich zum Ausgangsmaterial zeigten die mit Stumpfstoß geschweißten Proben deutlich herabgesetzte Bruchschwingspielzahlen. Die Ursache hierfür sind in erster Linie höhere örtliche Dehnungen auf Grund von Querschnittsverminderungen in den Schweißnähten. Sowohl das Schweiß- als auch das Ausgangsgefüge konnten mit 107 Schwingspielen beansprucht werden, wenn die Dehnungsamplitude unter 1% blieb.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19970280209
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    Koksbildung in überhitzten Randschichten - Untersuchungen in einem neuen Ringspaltreaktor mit radialem Temperaturgefälle (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 69 (1997), S. 662-666 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330690511
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    Dioxine - Chemie und Analvtik. VCH, Weinheim, 1996, 507 S., 85 Abb., 84 Tab., geb., DM 228,-. ISBN 3-527-28768-x (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 69 (1997), S. 1001-1002 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330690726
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    Hydrocarbon Resins. R. Mildenberg, M. Zander, G. Collin. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 1997, 179 S., über 100 Abb. und Tab., geb., DM 198,00 ISBN 3-527-28617-9 (1998)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 70 (1998), S. 182-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330700129
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    Surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering study of the groove binding dye hoechst 33258 (1995)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 26 (1995), S. 435-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 0377-0486
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The groove binding dye Hoechst 33258 was investigated both in aqueous solution and in the adsorbed form on silver colloids and island films. Fourier transform Raman, resonance Raman and surface enhanced resonance Raman spectra were used together with the results of a normal coordinate analysis for a comprehensive assignment of the rich vibrational spectrum. Relative band intensities in the SERRS spectra indicate that the molecule is adsorbed with its long axis oriented along the silver surface and with the planes of the benzimidazole rings approximately parallel to the surface. The molecule is bound to the surface as a cation protonated at a piperazine nitrogen atom and is desorbed on complete deprotonation.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.1250260607
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    Multivariate statistical comparison of autoantibody-repertoires (Western blots) by discriminant analysis (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 16 (1995), S. 941-947 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Western blotting ; Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ; Discriminant analysis ; Autoimmunity ; Natural autoantibodies ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A procedure for the quantification and comparison of complex (auto-) antibody repertoires of many individuals is described. It is based on multivariate statistical analyses of densitometric data of individual staining patterns, in this case Western blots. Implementation of algorithms can be based on standard software and hardware components. This procedure allows (i) the quantitative assessment of the reproducibility and reliability of any electrophoretic procedure, such as for the production of the immunological substrate, (ii) the statistical comparison of any group of staining patterns, e.g., derived from patients with autoimmune diseases or normal controls, (iii) the identification of the bands that contribute most to the differences between such groups, and (iv) the determination whether an unknown individual sample belongs to a known group. A statistical analysis of autoantibody repertoires has important possible applications: it detects spontaneous or therapeutically induced changes of repertoires, it identifies regions of interest, it supports the isolation of relevant antigens, and it will also be helpful in the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.11501601158
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