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  • Evolution  (207)
  • Angiosperms
  • Springer  (221)
  • MDPI Publishing
  • 1995-1999  (221)
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The evolution of self-incompatibility: a molecular voyeur's perspective (1996)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 9 (1996), S. 357-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Self-incompatibility ; Evolution ; S-RNases ; Solanaceae ; Rosaceae ; Scrophulariaceae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This review summarises current understanding of the evolution of self-incompatibility inferred from DNA sequence analysis. Self-incompatibility in many plant families is controlled by a single, highly polymorphicS-locus which, in the Solanaceae, encodes an allelic series of stylar ribonucleases known as the S-RNases. PCR approaches are a convenient way to examine the diversity of S-RNase sequences within and between wild populations of a self-incompatible species and provide a unique view into the species' current and historic population structure. Similar molecular appoaches have also been used to show that S-RNases are involved in self-incompatibility in families other than the Solanaceae. A model for the evolution of ribonuclease-based self-incompatibility systems is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441956
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonlinear stochastic effects of substitution — an evolutionary approach (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of evolutionary economics 6 (1996), S. 1-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1386
    Keywords: Innovation ; Technology ; Master equation ; Survival probability ; Evolution ; O3
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract Technological innovations have been investigated by means of substitution and diffusion as well as evolution models, each of them dealing with different aspects of the innovation problem. In this paper we follow the well known research traditions on self-organisation models of complex systems. For the first time in the literature we show the existence of a specific niche effect, which may occur in the first stage of establishment of a new technology. Using a stochastic Master equation approach, we obtain analytical expressions for the survival probabilities of a new technology in smaller or larger ensembles. As a main result we demonstrate how a hyperselection situation might be removed in a stochastic picture and thresholds against the prevailing of a new technology in a step-by-step process can be overcome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01202370
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The economy as an evolving network (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of evolutionary economics 7 (1997), S. 339-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1386
    Keywords: Key words: Market organisation ; Network ; Communication ; Evolution ; Learning ; JEL-classification: C70; D23; D40; L11
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract. The purpose of this paper is to suggest a view of the economy as a network of links between the individuals involved. One approach is to consider the structure of links as fixed as is the case with spatial models in which agents are situated on a lattice, another is to regard all links as possible but stochastic. If the probability of any of the links existing is uniform we have the situation familiar from the “population games” of evolutionary game theory. The basic idea here is to allow the network to evolve and to make the probability of each of the links dependent on the experience of the agents involved. Such analysis can give rise to interesting behaviour on the aggregate level which is very different from that which might have been predicted by looking at the individuals in isolation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001910050047
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detecting self-organisational change in economic processes exhibiting logistic growth (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of evolutionary economics 9 (1999), S. 109-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1386
    Keywords: Key words: Discontinuity ; Evolution ; Logistic diffusion ; Non-linearity ; Non-stationarity ; Self-organisation ; Spectral methods ; JEL-classification: C4; C5; N1; N2
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract. This paper offers an econometric methodology for the detection of self-organisational change (defined in terms of the presence of time irreversibility, structural change and fundamental uncertainty) in economic processes that follow logistic diffusion growth paths in historical time. The approach we adopted is built upon recent developments in `moving window' spectral methods which are applied to the scaled residuals generated by estimated logistic diffusion models. We illustrate the use of such methods by examining the case of a financial instrument, namely, the Australian Building Society Deposit, which experienced logistic growth in its market share until bank deregulation was enacted in the 1980s. We show that there is clear evidence that self-organisational change is present over the historical period considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001910050077
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A note on evolutionary stability of Bertrand equilibrium (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of evolutionary economics 9 (1999), S. 367-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1386
    Keywords: Key words: Bertrand ; Oligopoly ; Evolution ; Evolutionary stability ; JEL-classification: D43 ; L13 ; C72
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract. It is shown that the equilibrium notion of an evolutionary stable strategy (ESS) does have predictive power for standard models of Bertrand competition. This is in contrast to a recent claim by Qin and Stuart (1997). The claim is based on the observation that the solution concept ESS behaves discontinuously when finite (discrete) action games approach an infinite (continuous) action game in the limit. Furthermore, it is argued that from a model-theoretic point of view evolutionary stability in prices (i.e. in the Bertrand model) is quite different from evolutionary stability in quantities (i.e. in the Cournot model).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001910050087
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of morphology and physiology of two plurisegmental sound-activated interneurones in a bushcricket (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 185 (1999), S. 199-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Key words Hearing ; Orthoptera ; Phaneropteridae ; Cercal system ; Evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The unusual morphology of a sound-activated plurisegmental ascending interneurone (AN5-AG7) in an insect (Ancistrura nigrovittata, Ensifera, Phaneropteridae) is described. This neurone's soma is located in the penultimate abdominal ganglion. The most prominent arborisations with smooth endings are found in the prothoracic ganglion. The neurone terminates with numerous beaded endings in the brain (protocerebrum). All abdominal ganglia including the penultimate contain only tiny side branches of beaded appearance. The neurone's morphology is compared to the morphology of a `typical' sound-activated plurisegmental neurone of bushcrickets with its soma in the prothorax. In the prothoracic ganglion and in the brain the arborisations of the two cells are very similar. Graded potentials and action potentials are generated in the prothoracic portion of both neurones. Both receive excitation mainly by ultrasound, and inhibition by soma-ipsilateral stimuli. Neither wind, substrate vibration nor touch of the abdomen evoke responses in AN5-AG7. It is assumed that early in evolution this neurone had its dendrites in the ganglion which houses the cell body (like cercal interneurones of this neuromere). Profound evolutionary changes probably have taken place to bring about this neuron's modern morphology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003590050378
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Economic evolution and the science of synergetics (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of evolutionary economics 6 (1996), S. 239-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1386
    Keywords: Synergetics ; Self-organisation ; Time-irreversibility ; Evolution ; Structural change ; O30 ; O31 ; C60 ; C63
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper deals with synergetic methods, which have developed as a sub-field of the self-organisation approach in the natural sciences. Such methods have been used successfully to model structural transitions in physio-chemical contexts. The synergetic approach is explained in a non-technical way and the main elements of the synergetic methodology are introduced. The extent to which such methods can be applied in the presence of historical time series data, which are subject to underlying processes of evolutionary economic change, is assessed. Proposals, concerning more appropriate synergetic methods for evolutionary economic application, are considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01193632
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A spectrum of equilibration processes in game theory (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of evolutionary economics 8 (1998), S. 67-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1386
    Keywords: Key words: Bounded rationality ; Cognitive rationality ; Game equilibrium ; Evolution ; Learning ; JEL-classification: B 41; C 73; D 83; D 84
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract. In game theory, four dynamic processes converging towards an equilibrium are distinguished and ordered by way of agents' decreasing cognitive capacities. In the eductive process, each player has enough information to simulate perfectly the others' behavior and gets immediately to the equilibrium. In epistemic learning, each player updates his beliefs about others' future strategies, with regard to their sequentially observed actions. In behavioral learning, each player modifies his own strategies according to the observed payoffs obtained from his past actions. In the evolutionary process, each agent has a fixed strategy and reproduces in proportion to the utilities obtained through stochastic interactions. All along the spectrum, longer term dynamics makes up for weaker rationality, and physical relations substitute for mental interactions. Convergence, if any, is towards an always stronger equilibrium notion and selection of an equilibrium state becomes more sensitive to context and history. The processes can be mixed if associated to different periods, agents or mechanisms and deepened if obtained by formal reasoning principles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001910050056
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolutionary dynamics of predator–prey systems: an ecological perspective (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of mathematical biology 34 (1996), S. 556-578 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1416
    Keywords: Key words: Dynamical systems ; Evolution ; Game theory ; Asymptotic stability ; Population dynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract.  Evolution takes place in an ecological setting that typically involves interactions with other organisms. To describe such evolution, a structure is needed which incorporates the simultaneous evolution of interacting species. Here a formal framework for this purpose is suggested, extending from the microscopic interactions between individuals – the immediate cause of natural selection, through the mesoscopic population dynamics responsible for driving the replacement of one mutant phenotype by another, to the macroscopic process of phenotypic evolution arising from many such substitutions. The process of coevolution that results from this is illustrated in the context of predator–prey systems. With no more than qualitative information about the evolutionary dynamics, some basic properties of predator–prey coevolution become evident. More detailed understanding requires specification of an evolutionary dynamic; two models for this purpose are outlined, one from our own research on a stochastic process of mutation and selection and the other from quantitative genetics. Much of the interest in coevolution has been to characterize the properties of fixed points at which there is no further phenotypic evolution. Stability analysis of the fixed points of evolutionary dynamical systems is reviewed and leads to conclusions about the asymptotic states of evolution rather different from those of game-theoretic methods. These differences become especially important when evolution involves more than one species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002850050021
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial discrimination of pheromones and behavioural antagonists by the tortricid moths Cydia pomonella and Adoxophyes orana (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 185 (1999), S. 419-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Key wordsCydia pomonella ; Adoxophyes orana ; Sex pheromone ; Interspecific interruption ; Evolution ; AbbreviationsZ9-14:Ac (Z9)-tetradecenylacetate Z11-14:Ac (Z11)-tetradecenylacetate ; E8, E10-12:OH (E8, E10)-dodecadienol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Male moths responding to their species-specific sex pheromone, may cease their upwind flight when pheromone components of sympatric species are added to the mixture. The interspecific interaction between the pheromone response of the tortricid moths Cydia pomonella and Adoxophyes orana was investigated in field-trapping and wind-tunnel studies. Addition of the A. orana pheromone [(Z9)-tetradecenylacetate and (Z11)-tetradecenylacetate] to a source containing the C. pomonella pheromone [(E8, E10)-dodecadienol] resulted in a significant inhibition of attraction by male C. pomonella. It is demonstrated that this behavioural antagonist for C. pomonella must be emitted from the same point source to induce this inhibitory effect. A spatial separation of the two interspecific pheromones (at 14 cm, 5 cm and 0.5 cm crosswind) restored the attraction of the conspecific pheromone for male C. pomonella. In contrast to C. pomonella, male A. orana were not inhibited by point sources releasing both the C. pomonella and A. orana pheromone. We suggest that the discrepancy in the interspecific pheromone interaction between these two tortricids can be explained if we consider the evolutionary ecology of interspecific pheromone communication in C. pomonella and A. orana.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003590050402
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