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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methane Adsorption on Planar WS2 and on WS2-Fullerene and -Nanotube Containing Samples (2000)
    Springer
    Adsorption 6 (2000), S. 169-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8757
    Keywords: adsorption ; WS2 ; nanotubes and fullerenes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Adsorption-desorption cycles were measured for methane on non-irradiated WS2, and on irradiated WS2 (which contained, in part, WS2 fullerenes and nanotubes). Both types of samples were further subdivided into three sets: one set received no further treatment, another set was heated under vacuum, and the last set was acid-treated and heated. The specific surface area was determined for each set; so was the presence or absence of a hysteresis loop in the adsorption-desorption cycles. The results of these two groups of measurements were correlated with the space available for adsorption. The implications of the results for the experimental determination of the dimensionality of gas adsorbed at the interior of nanotubes are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008921602962
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Why Does the Linear Driving Force Model for Adsorption Kinetics Work? (2000)
    Springer
    Adsorption 6 (2000), S. 137-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8757
    Keywords: adsorption ; kinetics ; linear driving force model ; process design
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The Linear Driving Force (LDF) model for gas adsorption kinetics is frequently and successfully used for analysis of adsorption column dynamic data and for adsorptive process designs because it is simple, analytic, and physically consistent. Yet, there is a substantial difference in the characteristics of isothermal batch uptake curves on adsorbent particles by the LDF and the more rigorous Fickian Diffusion (FD) model. It is demonstrated by using simple model systems that the characteristics of the adsorption kinetics at the single pore or the adsorbent particle level are lost in (a) evaluating overall uptake on a heterogeneous porous solid, (b) calculating breakthrough curves from a packed adsorbent column, and (c) establishing the efficiency of separation by an adsorptive process due to repeated averaging of the base kinetic property. That is why the LDF model works in practice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008965317983
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Grand Canonical Monte-Carlo Simulation Study of Xenon Adsorption in a Vycor-like Porous Matrix (2000)
    Springer
    Adsorption 6 (2000), S. 241-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8757
    Keywords: silical glasses ; CPG ; Vycor ; adsorption ; capillary condensation ; molecular simulation ; Monte-Carlo ; SANS ; SAXS ; fractals ; surface roughness ; Porod's law ; Gurvitch rule ; hysteresis loop
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract We have performed atomistic Grand Canonical Monte-Carlo (GCMC) simulations of adsorption of xenon in a Vycor-like matrix at 195 K. The disordered mesoporous network is obtained by applying a numerical 3D off-lattice reconstruction procedure to a simulation box originally containing silicon and oxygen atoms of a non-porous silica solid. In order to reduce the computational cost, we have applied a homothetic decrease of the simulation box dimensions which preserves the morphology and the topology of the pore network (the average pore dimension is then around 30 Å). The surface chemistry is obtained in a realistic fashion by saturating all dangling bonds with hydrogen atoms. Small angle scattering spectra calculated on different numerical samples have evidenced a departure from Porod's law due to surface roughness. The simulated isotherms calculated on such disordered connected porous networks, show the capillary condensation phenomenon. The shape of the adsorption curves differs from that obtained for simple pore geometries. The analysis of the adsorbed quantity distribution indicates partial molecular-film formation depending on the local surface curvature and roughness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008993328699
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Adsorption of CHClF2 on NaY5.6 Zeolite (2000)
    Springer
    Adsorption 6 (2000), S. 259-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8757
    Keywords: adsorption ; zeolite ; chlorodifluoromethane ; adsorption structure ; H and F NMR ; chemicalshift ; relaxation time ; adsorbate mobility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The adsorption of CHClF2 on NaY5.6 zeolite has been studied by measuring the H and F NMR of the adsorbed CHClF2, focusing in particular on the measurements of the chemical shift and longitudinal relaxation time, as well as the adsorption isotherm measurements. It is possible to determine the coordination structure of the CHClF2 adsorbed on NaY5.6 zeolite by measuring the adsorption amount dependence of the chemical shift. In addition, the motional activity of the adsorbed molecules in the super cage of the zeolite is discussed on the basis of observed longitudinal relaxation times for various adsorption amounts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008997529608
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adsorption Characteristics in Zeolite Nano-Pore Evaluated by use of Nitrogen Monoxide as a Probe Adsorbate (2000)
    Springer
    Adsorption 6 (2000), S. 251-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8757
    Keywords: adsorption ; EPR ; mordenite ; MOR ; NO ; zeolite
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Adsorption isotherms of nitrogen monoxide (NO) and in situ EPR spectra of adsorbed NO on mordenite zeolites (MOR) of different cation types (HM, NaM and CaM) are measured at different temperatures to elucidate the effect of the strong adsorption promoted by the enhancement of potential field in micropore of MOR (micropore filling) as well as the electrostatic interaction in MOR on NO adsorption. The NO molecules adsorb irreversibly and fill up the micropore of MOR at 201 K, above the critical temperature of NO, regardless of the kind of cation species. The NO adsorption takes place even at 273 K. In the adsorption at 273 K, the strength of electrostatic field formed by cation sites affects the adsorptivity and the order of saturation amount of adsorption (V s) corresponds to that of the electrostatic field strength. EPR results show that NO molecules strongly interact with cation sites in MOR and disproponation reaction of NO take place on CaM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008945412770
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Equilibrium Adsorption of Light Alkanes in Silicalite-1 by the Inertial Microbalance Technique (2000)
    Springer
    Adsorption 6 (2000), S. 159-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8757
    Keywords: silicalite-1 ; adsorption ; TEOM ; alkanes ; isosteric heat ; adsorption entropy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The equilibrium adsorption of the light alkanes methane, ethane, propane, n-butane, and i-butane in silicalite-1 has been investigated using the TEOM technique. Either a conventional or a dual-site Langmuir isotherm appropriately describes the equilibrium data. Good agreement with the literature data determined by other techniques indicates the TEOM is a reliable technique. The adsorption of i-butane in silicalite-1 reveals the discrete preferential molecular siting, implying a discrete-dual-structural heterogeneity for light alkanes in silicalite-1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008969518892
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermodynamics of Copper Adsorption-Desorption by Ca-Kaolinite (2000)
    Springer
    Adsorption 6 (2000), S. 325-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8757
    Keywords: copper ; ca-koalinite ; adsorption ; desorption ; thermodynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The temperature effect on Cu adsorption and desorption on kaolinite has been investigated at four temperatures (8°C, 25°C, 30°C and 40°C). The clay sample was saturated with Ca. Copper was sorbed from solutions containing eleven Cu concentrations between 0.0010 and 0.0211 M, equilibrated for 2 days. Cu adsorption decreased, but desorption increased with increasing temperature, indicating that adsorption is an exothermic process while desorption is endothermic. These conclusions are confirmed by the values of ΔH 0 estimated for adsorption and desorption. The initial copper concentration is a significant factor influencing mainly the adsorption process, which is spontaneous (ΔG 0 〈 0) only for low initial Cu concentrations. The desorption process is spontaneous for all Cu concentrations. ΔS 0 values have also been calculated. Experimental adsorption data were successfully fitted to the Freundlich isotherm and to the Gouy-Chapman model in order to express the process quantitatively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026513032260
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Static and Kinetic Studies on the Adsorption Behavior of Sulfadiazene (2000)
    Springer
    Adsorption 6 (2000), S. 349-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8757
    Keywords: sulfadiazene ; adsorption ; kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract To investigate the nature of interactive forces between sulfadiazene molecules and alumina surface the experiments were performed for the adsorption of sulfadiazene (SD) from its aqueous sulution onto the alumina surfaces at 25 ± 0.2°C and the influence of factors such as increasing concentration of SD (4.0–20.0 × 10−3 mol cm−3), the time required for adsorption equilibrium, pH (2.0–12.0) and temperature (5–45°C) of the adsorption medium, the presence of ions like Cl−, SO2− 4 and PO3− 4 (0.01–0.30 M) and organic solvents (5% v/v) were observed on the course of adsorption of SD. Various adsorption and kinetic parameters such as adsorption coefficient, the rate constants for adsorption and desorption were also evaluated. The results of the above cited studies facilitated to formulate the mechanisms of interaction between SD and alumina surfaces. From application view point the present work may be a potential tool for an effective chromatographic separation of sulfa drugs from industrial effluents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026517117239
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhanced erythropoietin heterogeneity in a CHO culture is caused by proteolytic degradation and can be eliminated by a high glutamine level (2000)
    Springer
    Cytotechnology 34 (2000), S. 83-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0778
    Keywords: CHO cells ; erythropoietin ; glycosylation ; glutamine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The molecular heterogeneity of recombinant humanerythropoietin (EPO) increased during the course of abatch culture of transfected Chinese hamster ovary(CHO) cells grown in serum-free medium. This wasshown by both an increased molecular weight and pIrange of the isolated EPO at the end of the culture. However, analysis of the N-glycan structures of themolecule by fluorophore-assisted carbohydrateelectrophoresis (FACE) and HPLC anion exchangechromatography indicated a consistent pattern ofglycosylation. Seven glycoforms were identified, thepredominant structure being a fully sialylatedtetra-antennary glycan. The degree of sialylationwas maintained throughout the culture. Analysis ofthe secreted EPO indicated a time-dependent increasein the molecular weight band width of the peptideconsistent with proteolytic degradation. A highglutamine concentration (16–20 mM) in the culturedecreased the apparent degradation of the EPO.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008137712611
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of alterations in culture condition and changes in perfusion parameters on the retention performance of a 20 μm spinfilter during a perfusion cultivation of a recombinant CHO cell line in pilot scale (2000)
    Springer
    Cytotechnology 34 (2000), S. 141-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0778
    Keywords: CHO cells ; culture condition ; modelparticles ; operation cut off ; perfusion cultivation ; retention ; spinfilter ; tip speed
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Since 1969 much attention has been devoted to the useof spinfilter systems for retention of mammalian cellsin continuous perfusion cultivations. Previousinvestigations dealt with hydrodynamic conditions,fouling processes and upscaling. But hydrodynamicconditions and fouling processes seem to have asecondary importance in spinfilter performance duringauthentic perfusion cultivations. Obviously,alterations in culture condition are more relevantespecially during long-term processes. Therefore, ourpratical approach focussed on the performance qualityof a commercially available 20 μm spinfilterduring a perfusion cultivation of a recombinant CHOcell line in pilot scale regarding the followingissues: 1) retention of viable cells in thebioreactor; 2) removal of dead cells and cell debrisfrom the bioreactor; 3) alterations in culturecondition; and 4) changes in perfusion mode.Furthermore, we tested the performance of 20 μmspinfilters in 2 and 100 l pilot scale using solidmodel particles instead of cells. Our investigationsshowed that retention of viable cells in pilot scalewas independent of spinfilter rotation velocity andperfusion rate; the retention increased from 75 to 95%corresponding to operation time, enlarging celldiameter and enhanced formation of aggregates in theculture during the perfusion cultivation. By means ofthe Cell Counter and Analyzer System (CASY) anoperation cut off of 13 μm was determined forthis spinfilter. Using solid model particles in 2 lscale, optimal retention was achieved at a tip speedof 0.43 m s-1 (141 rpm) – furtherenhancement of spinfilter rotation velocity up to0.56 m s-1 (185 rpm) decreased the retentionrapidly. In pilot scale best retention performance wasobtained with tip speeds of 0.37 m s-1(35 rpm) and 1.26 m s-1 (120 rpm). Hence,significant retention in pilot scale could already beachieved with low agitation. Therefore, the additionof shear force protectives could be avoided so thatthe purification of the target protein from thesupernatant would be facilitated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008183508439
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The gel microdrop secretion assay: Identification of a low productivity subpopulation arising during the production of human antibody in CHO cells (2000)
    Springer
    Cytotechnology 34 (2000), S. 27-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0778
    Keywords: CHO cells ; gel microdrops ; human antibody ; population parameters ; productivity ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The long-term stability of high-level expression is the mostimportant factor to consider when choosing cell lines for the expression of recombinant proteins. Declining volumetricyields in large-scale fermentation can be caused by changes affecting the cell population as a whole such as loss in viability, depletion of nutrients or accumulation of metabolites affecting cell growth. Alternatively, geneticinstability may lead to the outgrowth of a less productive,metabolically favored sub-population. Currently a variety ofparameters are measured to monitor the condition of cells infermenters including glucose uptake, lactate accumulation andoxygen consumption; in addition, periodic viable cell countsallow the determination of the growth rate and viability of the population. All of these methods measure the condition ofthe cell population as a whole and changes must involve a significantly large proportion of the total culture in orderto be detectable. Here we report on a method that allows theevaluation of the productivity of individual cells. Using the gel microdrop secretion assay, we detected the appearance ofa sub-population of cells with lower productivity. Subsequentanalysis of the culture confirmed the existence of lower productivity cells with a lower vector copy number. Therefore,the single cell secretion assay proved to be a rapid method todetect and isolate a low productivity variant of the producer cell line.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008186113245
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of osmolarity on metabolism and morphology in adhesion and suspension chinese hamster ovary cells producing tissue plasminogen activator (2000)
    Springer
    Cytotechnology 32 (2000), S. 171-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0778
    Keywords: adherent CHO cells ; CHO cells ; morphology of CHO cells ; osmolarity ; suspended CHO cells ; tissue plasminogen activator
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The effects of constant osmolarity, between 300 and500 mOsm/kg, on the metabolism of Chinese HamsterOvary (CHO) cells producing tissue plasminogenactivator (tPA) were compared between adhesion andsuspension cultures. In both suspension and adhesionculture, the specific rates of glucose consumption(νG), lactate production (qL), and tPAproduction (qtPA) increased as osmolarityincreased, while these rates decreased when osmolaritywas higher than the respective critical levels. However, specific growth rate (μ) decreased withincrease in osmolarity and this slope grew steeper inthe osmolarity range higher than the critical level. The decrease in μ in the adhesion culture was morerapid than that in the suspension culture. Thecritical osmolarity for adhesion culture (400 mOsm/kg)was lower than that for suspension culture (450 mOsm/kg). These results indicated that the adhesionculture was more sensitive to increase of osmolaritythan the suspension culture, while the specific ratesobtained from the adhesion cultures were in general1.5- to 3-fold higher than those obtained from thesuspension cultures. Cell volume increased asosmolarity increased in both the suspension andadhesion cultures, as reported previously forsuspension culture of hybridoma cells, but there wasno morphological change in the suspension culture. Incontrast, cell height decreased and cell adhesion areamarkedly increased as osmolarity increased in theadhesion culture. This morphological change inadhesion cultures may be one reason for the highersensitivity of adherent cells to the increase ofosmolarity than suspended cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008171921282
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