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  • Animals  (4,137)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
  • 2000-2004  (4,238)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biodegradation of Pharmaceutical Residues Investigated by SPE-GC/ITD-MS and On-Line Derivatization (2000)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 23 (2000), S. 474-478 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---Solid-phase extraction, on-line derivatization, and measurement by ion trap mass spectrometry (ITD-MS) were used to investigate the biological degradation of pharmaceutical residues (clofibric acid, ibuprofen, diclofenac). The results of the single steps of sample pretreatment and analytical determination are reported. MS/MS measurements were performed on an ITD-MS by selecting collision induced dissociation of the molecular ions (M+) as parent ions to defined daughter ions. A pilot sewage plant and biofilm reactors operating under oxic and anoxic conditions were run as model systems with synthetic sewage water containing 10 to 50 mg/L dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and pharmaceuticals in concentrations of 10 μg/L. Clofibric acid displayed its persistent character in all cases. The pilot sewage plant and the oxic biofilm reactor showed comparable results for diclofenac and ibuprofen, which both were partly degraded. These results can explain the occurrence of these substances in sewage effluents and in the aquatic environment. A high degree of degradation was found especially for ibuprofen in the oxic biofilm reactor, which was attributed to adaptation of the biofilm to the residue. Two metabolites of ibuprofen could be identified on the basis of their mass spectra and comparison with literature data, viz. hydroxyibuprofen and carboxyibuprofen.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimization of Focused Microwave-Assisted Extraction of DDT and Derivatives from Soil Samples (2000)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 23 (2000), S. 681-687 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Focused microwave assisted extraction ; close microwave-assisted extraction ; DDT ; soil samples ; experimental design ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---Optimization of focused microwave (FMW)-assisted extraction of 4,4′-DDE, 4,4′-DDD, and 4,4′-DDT from soil samples was carried out using central composite designs. All the extracts were analyzed with GC/MS and some of them also with GC/AED using columns of different polarities for each of the techniques. The extraction of the analytes was carried out in two ways: with acetic acid as microwave radiation absorbent solvent and n-decane to concentrate the analytes and with reagent water and iso-octane as solvents. In the first case, the influence of the extraction temperature, the extraction time, and the addition of sodium chloride were studied and the optimum conditions for the extraction of 1 g of soil with 5 mL of acetic acid and 2 mL of n-decane were 1.30 mol L-1 sodium chloride at 98°C for 9.3 min. In the second case, the temperature was kept constant (94°C) and the influence of the concentration of sodium chloride and the extraction time were studied. The optimum conditions were 5 mL of a 2.0 mol L-1 sodium chloride together with 2 mL of iso-octane for 15 min. The recoveries obtained by water-FMW extraction were significantly lower than those obtained by the acetic acid-FMW procedure. These last recoveries were in good agreement with those obtained by closed microwave assisted-extraction with acetone-n-hexane as solvent.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Retention Prediction System of O-Aryl,O-(1-methylthioethylidene-amino)phosphates on RP-HPLC (2000)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 23 (2000), S. 445-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: O-Aryl,O-(1-methylthioethylideneamino)phosphates ; retention prediction ; quantitative structure-retention relationship (QSRR) ; reversed-phase HPLC ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---Using factor analysis and stepwise linear regression methods, two parameters - CMR and ECCR - were selected from eight solute-related structure parameters as the most retention-influencing parameters. The relationships between the retention data (k ´) and the two structure parameters were established for 13 O-aryl,O-(1-methylthioethylideneamino)phosphate compounds under a wide range of experimental conditions. The retention data (k ´) of another seven compounds with similar structures were predicted using these QSRR equations. Good agreement was obtained between the experimental k ´ values and predicted ones.
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  • 4
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    Acidic mammalian chitinase in asthmatic Th2 inflammation and IL-13 pathway activation (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-06-12
    Description: Chitin is a surface component of parasites and insects, and chitinases are induced in lower life forms during infections with these agents. Although chitin itself does not exist in humans, chitinases are present in the human genome. We show here that acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase) is induced via a T helper-2 (Th2)-specific, interleukin-13 (IL-13)-mediated pathway in epithelial cells and macrophages in an aeroallergen asthma model and expressed in exaggerated quantities in human asthma. AMCase neutralization ameliorated Th2 inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness, in part by inhibiting IL-13 pathway activation and chemokine induction. AMCase may thus be an important mediator of IL-13-induced responses in Th2-dominated disorders such as asthma.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhu, Zhou -- Zheng, Tao -- Homer, Robert J -- Kim, Yoon-Keun -- Chen, Ning Yuan -- Cohn, Lauren -- Hamid, Qutayba -- Elias, Jack A -- P50-HL-56/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01-HL-074095/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01-HL-61904/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01-HL-64242/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01-HL-66571/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 11;304(5677):1678-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, TAC S-441, New Haven, CT 06520-8057, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15192232" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Allergens ; Animals ; Asthma/*enzymology/immunology ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/chemistry ; Chemokines/metabolism ; Chitin/metabolism ; Chitinase/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; Epithelial Cells/enzymology ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Immune Sera ; Interleukin-13/*metabolism ; Interleukins/genetics/metabolism ; Lung/*enzymology/immunology ; Macrophages, Alveolar/enzymology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Mice, Transgenic ; Ovalbumin/immunology ; Respiratory Mucosa/enzymology ; Th2 Cells/*immunology ; Up-Regulation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    A precocial avian embryo from the Lower Cretaceous of China (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-23
    Description: An embryo of an enantiornithine bird has been recovered from the Lower Cretaceous rocks of Liaoning, in northeast China. The bird has a nearly complete articulated skeleton with feather sheet impressions and is enclosed in egg-shaped confines. The tucking posture of the skeleton suggests that the embryo had attained the final stage of development. The presence of well-developed wing and tail feather sheets indicates a precocial developmental mode, supporting the hypothesis that precocial birds appeared before altricial birds.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhou, Zhonghe -- Zhang, Fucheng -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 22;306(5696):653.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Post Office Box 643, Beijing 100044, China. zhonghe@yeah.net〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15499011" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Birds/*embryology ; China ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/*anatomy & histology ; Feathers/embryology ; *Fossils ; Wings, Animal/embryology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    A new mammaliaform from the early Jurassic and evolution of mammalian characteristics (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-05-26
    Description: A fossil from the Early Jurassic (Sinemurian, approximately 195 million years ago) represents a new lineage of mammaliaforms, the extinct groups more closely related to the living mammals than to nonmammaliaform cynodonts. It has an enlarged cranial cavity, but no postdentary trough on the mandible, indicating separation of the middle ear bones from the mandible. This extends the earliest record of these crucial mammalian features by some 45 million years and suggests that separation of the middle ear bones from the mandible and the expanded brain vault could be correlated. It shows that several key mammalian evolutionary innovations in the ear region, the temporomandibular joint, and the brain vault evolved incrementally through mammaliaform evolution and long before the differentiation of the living mammal groups. With an estimated body weight of only 2 grams, its coexistence with other larger mammaliaforms with similar "triconodont-like" teeth for insectivory within the same fauna suggests a great trophic diversity within the mammaliaform insectivore feeding guild, as inferred from the range of body sizes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Luo, Z X -- Crompton, A W -- Sun, A L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 May 25;292(5521):1535-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section of Vertebrate Paleontology, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. luoz@carnegiemuseums.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11375489" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Body Constitution ; Body Weight ; China ; Ear/anatomy & histology ; Ear Ossicles/anatomy & histology ; *Fossils ; *Mammals/anatomy & histology/classification ; Mandible/anatomy & histology ; Phylogeny ; Skull/anatomy & histology ; Temporomandibular Joint/anatomy & histology ; *Vertebrates/anatomy & histology/classification
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 7
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    An Early Cretaceous tribosphenic mammal and metatherian evolution (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-12-13
    Description: Derived features of a new boreosphenidan mammal from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of China suggest that it has a closer relationship to metatherians (including extant marsupials) than to eutherians (including extant placentals). This fossil dates to 125 million years ago and extends the record of marsupial relatives with skeletal remains by 50 million years. It also has many foot structures known only from climbing and tree-living extant mammals, suggesting that early crown therians exploited diverse niches. New data from this fossil support the view that Asia was likely the center for the diversification of the earliest metatherians and eutherians during the Early Cretaceous.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Luo, Zhe-Xi -- Ji, Qiang -- Wible, John R -- Yuan, Chong-Xi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Dec 12;302(5652):1934-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. luoz@carnegiemuseums.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14671295" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology ; China ; Dentition ; *Fossils ; Geography ; Locomotion ; *Mammals/anatomy & histology/classification/physiology ; *Marsupialia/anatomy & histology/classification/physiology ; Paleodontology ; Paleontology ; Phylogeny ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 8
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    Nanos maintains germline stem cell self-renewal by preventing differentiation (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2004-02-21
    Description: Despite much progress in understanding how extrinsic signaling regulates stem cell self-renewal, little is known about how cell-autonomous gene regulation controls this process. In Drosophila ovaries, germline stem cells (GSCs) divide asymmetrically to produce daughter GSCs and cystoblasts, the latter of which develop into germline cysts. Here, we show that removing the translational repressor Nanos from either GSCs or their precursors, the primordial germ cells (PGCs), causes both cell types to differentiate into germline cysts. Thus, Nanos is essential for both establishing and maintaining GSCs by preventing their precocious entry into oogenesis. These functions are likely achieved by repressing the translation of differentiation factors in PGCs and GSCs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, Zhong -- Lin, Haifan -- HD33760/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 26;303(5666):2016-9. Epub 2004 Feb 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC 27710, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14976263" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Drosophila/*cytology/embryology/genetics/growth & development ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Female ; Genes, Insect ; Germ Cells/*cytology/physiology ; Hot Temperature ; Larva/cytology/growth & development ; Male ; Mutation ; Oocytes/cytology/physiology ; Oogenesis ; Ovary/cytology/embryology/growth & development ; Phenotype ; RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Stem Cells/*cytology/physiology ; Transgenes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 9
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    Requirement for RORgamma in thymocyte survival and lymphoid organ development (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-07-06
    Description: Most developing thymocytes undergo apoptosis because they cannot interact productively with molecules encoded by the major histocompatibility complex. Here, we show that mice lacking the orphan nuclear hormone receptor RORgamma lose thymic expression of the anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-xL. RORgamma thus regulates the survival of CD4+8+ thymocytes and may control the temporal window during which thymocytes can undergo positive selection. RORgamma was also required for development of lymph nodes and Peyer's patches, but not splenic follicles. In its absence, there was loss of a population of CD3-CD4+CD45+ cells that normally express RORgamma and that are likely early progenitors of lymphoid organs. Hence, RORgamma has critical functions in T cell repertoire selection and lymphoid organogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, Z -- Unutmaz, D -- Zou, Y R -- Sunshine, M J -- Pierani, A -- Brenner-Morton, S -- Mebius, R E -- Littman, D R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jun 30;288(5475):2369-73.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Pathogenesis Program, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10875923" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis ; *CDC2-CDC28 Kinases ; Cell Count ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Survival ; Crosses, Genetic ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinases/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Targeting ; Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 2 ; Lymphoid Tissue/cytology/embryology/*growth & development ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3 ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics/*physiology ; *Receptors, Retinoic Acid ; *Receptors, Thyroid Hormone ; *Repressor Proteins ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/*cytology ; Thymus Gland/*cytology ; *Transcription Factors ; bcl-X Protein
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 10
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    Ethanol augments GABAergic transmission in the central amygdala via CRF1 receptors (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-03-06
    Description: The central amygdala (CeA) plays a role in the relationship among stress, corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), and alcohol abuse. In whole-cell recordings, both CRF and ethanol enhanced gamma-aminobutyric acid-mediated (GABAergic) neurotransmission in CeA neurons from wild-type and CRF2 receptor knockout mice, but not CRF1 receptor knockout mice. CRF1 (but not CRF2) receptor antagonists blocked both CRF and ethanol effects in wild-type mice. These data indicate that CRF1 receptors mediate ethanol enhancement of GABAergic synaptic transmission in the CeA, and they suggest a cellular mechanism underlying involvement of CRF in ethanol's behavioral and motivational effects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nie, Zhiguo -- Schweitzer, Paul -- Roberts, Amanda J -- Madamba, Samuel G -- Moore, Scott D -- Siggins, George Robert -- AA06420/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- AA10994/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- DA03665/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA13658/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 5;303(5663):1512-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neuropharmacology and Alcohol Research Center, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15001778" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alcohol Drinking ; Amygdala/drug effects/*physiology ; Animals ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Ethanol/*pharmacology ; Evoked Potentials/drug effects ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Neurons/drug effects/*physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/antagonists & ; inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, GABA-A/metabolism ; Stress, Psychological/physiopathology ; Synaptic Transmission/*drug effects ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 11
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    Cell cycle. License withheld--geminin blocks DNA replication (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: A cell ensures that its genome is replicated only once during its division cycle through a process called licensing. In an enlightening Perspective, Lygerou and Nurse explain how binding of the Geminin protein to Cdt1 blocks the binding of licensing factors to chromatin, inhibiting the onset of S phase (Wohlschlegel et al.).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lygerou, Z -- Nurse, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Dec 22;290(5500):2271-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of General Biology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26110 Rio, Patras, Greece. z_lygerou@yahoo.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11188727" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Cycle ; Cell Cycle Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Chromatin/*metabolism ; DNA Damage ; DNA Helicases/metabolism ; *DNA Replication/drug effects ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Evolution, Molecular ; Geminin ; Humans ; Interphase ; Metaphase ; Mitosis ; Models, Biological ; Origin Recognition Complex ; S Phase ; Xenopus ; Xenopus Proteins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 12
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    Roles of PLC-beta2 and -beta3 and PI3Kgamma in chemoattractant-mediated signal transduction (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-02-11
    Description: The roles of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and phospholipase C (PLC) in chemoattractant-elicited responses were studied in mice lacking these key enzymes. PI3Kgamma was required for chemoattractant-induced production of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate [PtdIns (3,4,5)P3] and has an important role in chemoattractant-induced superoxide production and chemotaxis in mouse neutrophils and in production of T cell-independent antigen-specific antibodies composed of the immunoglobulin lambda light chain (TI-IglambdaL). The study of the mice lacking PLC-beta2 and -beta3 revealed that the PLC pathways have an important role in chemoattractant-mediated production of superoxide and regulation of protein kinases, but not chemotaxis. The PLC pathways also appear to inhibit the chemotactic activity induced by certain chemoattractants and to suppress TI-IglambdaL production.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Z -- Jiang, H -- Xie, W -- Zhang, Z -- Smrcka, A V -- Wu, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Feb 11;287(5455):1046-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10669417" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Chemokine CCL4 ; Chemotactic Factors/*pharmacology ; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/*physiology ; Immunoglobulin lambda-Chains/biosynthesis ; Isoenzymes/*metabolism ; Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins/pharmacology ; Mice ; N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine/pharmacology ; Neutrophil Infiltration ; Neutrophils/metabolism/*physiology ; Peritonitis/immunology ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/*metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates/metabolism ; Phospholipase C beta ; Phosphorylation ; *Signal Transduction ; Skin Ulcer/pathology ; Superoxides/metabolism ; Type C Phospholipases/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 13
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    Murine leukemia induced by retroviral gene marking (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2002-04-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Zhixiong -- Dullmann, Jochen -- Schiedlmeier, Bernd -- Schmidt, Manfred -- von Kalle, Christof -- Meyer, Johann -- Forster, Martin -- Stocking, Carol -- Wahlers, Anke -- Frank, Oliver -- Ostertag, Wolfram -- Kuhlcke, Klaus -- Eckert, Hans-Georg -- Fehse, Boris -- Baum, Christopher -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 19;296(5567):497.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Heinrich-Pette-Institute, D-20251 Hamburg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11964471" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells/metabolism ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; *Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; Genetic Therapy ; *Genetic Vectors ; Hematopoiesis, Extramedullary ; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/*etiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Preleukemia/*etiology ; *Proto-Oncogenes ; Receptor, Nerve Growth Factor ; Receptor, trkA/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/*genetics/metabolism ; Retroviridae/*genetics ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; Transgenes
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  • 14
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    Everything old is new again? (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-07-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kiss, Zelma -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jul 19;297(5580):335-6; author reply 335-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12134865" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Electric Stimulation ; Haplorhini ; Head/physiology ; *Head Movements ; Humans ; Posture ; Stereotaxic Techniques ; Tegmentum Mesencephali/*physiology ; Torticollis/*surgery
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
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    The future of UNSCEAR (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-07-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jaworowski, Zbigniew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jul 19;297(5580):335-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12134864" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Budgets ; Humans ; *Radiation Effects ; Radiation Monitoring ; *Radiation, Ionizing ; Radioactive Hazard Release ; Radiobiology ; United Nations/*economics/*organization & administration
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 16
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    Designing small-molecule switches for protein-protein interactions (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-06-17
    Description: Mutations introduced into human growth hormone (hGH) (Thr175 --〉 Gly-hGH) and the extracellular domain of the hGH receptor (Trp104 --〉 Gly-hGHbp) created a cavity at the protein-protein interface that resulted in binding affinity being reduced by a factor of 10(6). A small library of indole analogs was screened for small molecules that bind the cavity created by the mutations and restore binding affinity. The ligand 5-chloro-2-trichloromethylimidazole was found to increase the affinity of the mutant hormone for its receptor more than 1000-fold. Cell proliferation and JAK2 phosphorylation assays showed that the mutant hGH activates growth hormone signaling in the presence of added ligand. This approach may allow other protein-protein and protein-nucleic acid interactions to be switched on or off by the addition or depletion of exogenous small molecules.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guo, Z -- Zhou, D -- Schultz, P G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jun 16;288(5473):2042-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10856217" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cell Division ; Cell Line ; Human Growth Hormone/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Imidazoles/*chemistry/metabolism ; Janus Kinase 2 ; Ligands ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptide Library ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Binding ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; *Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; Receptors, Somatotropin/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 17
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    S-nitrosylation of matrix metalloproteinases: signaling pathway to neuronal cell death (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-17
    Description: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and stroke. However, the mechanism of MMP activation remains unclear. We report that MMP activation involves S-nitrosylation. During cerebral ischemia in vivo, MMP-9 colocalized with neuronal nitric oxide synthase. S-Nitrosylation activated MMP-9 in vitro and induced neuronal apoptosis. Mass spectrometry identified the active derivative of MMP-9, both in vitro and in vivo, as a stable sulfinic or sulfonic acid, whose formation was triggered by S-nitrosylation. These findings suggest a potential extracellular proteolysis pathway to neuronal cell death in which S-nitrosylation activates MMPs, and further oxidation results in a stable posttranslational modification with pathological activity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gu, Zezong -- Kaul, Marcus -- Yan, Boxu -- Kridel, Steven J -- Cui, Jiankun -- Strongin, Alex -- Smith, Jeffrey W -- Liddington, Robert C -- Lipton, Stuart A -- AR08505/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 HD29587/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR42750/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA 69306/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY05477/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY09024/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS41207/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- T32 AG00252/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 16;297(5584):1186-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Neuroscience and Aging, Program in Cell Adhesion and Extracellular Matrix Biology, The Burnham Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12183632" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Apoptosis ; Brain Ischemia/*enzymology/pathology ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Cerebral Cortex/blood supply/*enzymology/pathology ; Cysteine/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism/pharmacology ; Enzyme Activation ; Enzyme Precursors/genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/chemistry/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Models, Molecular ; Neurons/*physiology ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Phenylmercuric Acetate/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Rats ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Reperfusion ; S-Nitrosothiols/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Signal Transduction ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 18
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    Skinny hedgehog, an acyltransferase required for palmitoylation and activity of the hedgehog signal (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-08-04
    Description: One of the most dominant influences in the patterning of multicellular embryos is exerted by the Hedgehog (Hh) family of secreted signaling proteins. Here, we identify a segment polarity gene in Drosophila melanogaster, skinny hedgehog (ski), and show that its product is required in Hh-expressing cells for production of appropriate signaling activity in embryos and in the imaginal precursors of adult tissues. The ski gene encodes an apparent acyltransferase, and we provide genetic and biochemical evidence that Hh proteins from ski mutant cells retain carboxyl-terminal cholesterol modification but lack amino-terminal palmitate modification. Our results suggest that ski encodes an enzyme that acts within the secretory pathway to catalyze amino-terminal palmitoylation of Hh, and further demonstrate that this lipid modification is required for the embryonic and larval patterning activities of the Hh signal.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chamoun, Z -- Mann, R K -- Nellen, D -- von Kessler, D P -- Bellotto, M -- Beachy, P A -- Basler, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 14;293(5537):2080-4. Epub 2001 Aug 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut fur Molekularbiologie and Zoologisches Institut, Universitat Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11486055" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acylation ; Acyltransferases/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Body Patterning ; Cholesterol/metabolism ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Drosophila melanogaster/embryology/*genetics/growth & development/metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Genes, Insect ; Hedgehog Proteins ; Insect Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Palmitic Acid/*metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; *Signal Transduction ; Transgenes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of Polyols by HPLC Coupled with an On-Line Photochemical Oxidation Reactor and Chemiluminescence Detection (2000)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 23 (2000), S. 127-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemiluminescence ; diol compound ; oxalate ; post-column reaction ; ruthenium complex ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---In this paper we propose a new post-column detection method for polyols containing 1,2-diol, 1,3-diol, and saccharides. The polyols are oxidized in a photochemical reactor to yield oxalate with subsequent chemiluminescence detection using [Ru(III)(bpy)3]3+. A mixing solution of eluate and oxidizing reagent is delivered to a reaction coil, which is then irradiated with ultraviolet light to promote the oxidation reaction. The detection limits for 1,2-ethanediol (ethylene glycol) and 1,3-propanediol were 38 pmol and 23 pmol, respectively.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 20
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    Binding of GGA2 to the lysosomal enzyme sorting motif of the mannose 6-phosphate receptor (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-06-02
    Description: The GGAs are a multidomain protein family implicated in protein trafficking between the Golgi and endosomes. Here, the VHS domain of GGA2 was shown to bind to the acidic cluster-dileucine motif in the cytoplasmic tail of the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (CI-MPR). Receptors with mutations in this motif were defective in lysosomal enzyme sorting. The hinge domain of GGA2 bound clathrin, suggesting that GGA2 could be a link between cargo molecules and clathrin-coated vesicle assembly. Thus, GGA2 binding to the CI-MPR is important for lysosomal enzyme targeting.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhu, Y -- Doray, B -- Poussu, A -- Lehto, V P -- Kornfeld, S -- R01 CA-08759/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jun 1;292(5522):1716-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11387476" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Carrier Proteins ; Cations ; Clathrin/metabolism ; Dipeptides/chemistry/metabolism ; L Cells (Cell Line) ; Lysosomes/*enzymology ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Protein Sorting Signals ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; *Protein Transport ; Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Rats ; Receptor, IGF Type 2/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Solubility ; Transcription Factor AP-1/metabolism ; Transport Vesicles/metabolism ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques ; trans-Golgi Network/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 21
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    Abnormal vascular function and hypertension in mice deficient in estrogen receptor beta (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-19
    Description: Blood vessels express estrogen receptors, but their role in cardiovascular physiology is not well understood. We show that vascular smooth muscle cells and blood vessels from estrogen receptor beta (ERbeta)-deficient mice exhibit multiple functional abnormalities. In wild-type mouse blood vessels, estrogen attenuates vasoconstriction by an ERbeta-mediated increase in inducible nitric oxide synthase expression. In contrast, estrogen augments vasoconstriction in blood vessels from ERbeta-deficient mice. Vascular smooth muscle cells isolated from ERbeta-deficient mice show multiple abnormalities of ion channel function. Furthermore, ERbeta-deficient mice develop sustained systolic and diastolic hypertension as they age. These data support an essential role for ERbeta in the regulation of vascular function and blood pressure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhu, Yan -- Bian, Zhao -- Lu, Ping -- Karas, Richard H -- Bao, Lin -- Cox, Daniel -- Hodgin, Jeffrey -- Shaul, Philip W -- Thoren, Peter -- Smithies, Oliver -- Gustafsson, Jan-Ake -- Mendelsohn, Michael E -- GM20069/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD30276/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HL53546/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL56235/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P50 HL63494/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL55309/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL56069/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL61298/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 18;295(5554):505-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, New England Medical Center and Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11799247" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists/pharmacology ; Animals ; Aorta ; Blood Pressure ; Cells, Cultured ; Estradiol/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Estrogen Antagonists/pharmacology ; Estrogen Receptor alpha ; Estrogen Receptor beta ; Guanidines/pharmacology ; Humans ; Hypertension/*physiopathology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/*physiology ; Nitric Oxide Synthase/genetics/metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; Nitroarginine/pharmacology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Phenylephrine/pharmacology ; Potassium Channels/metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen/genetics/*physiology ; *Vasoconstriction/drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 22
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    Neurofibromas in NF1: Schwann cell origin and role of tumor environment (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-04
    Description: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is one of the most prevalent dominantly inherited genetic diseases of the nervous system. NF1 encodes a tumor suppressor whose functional loss results in the development of benign neurofibromas that can progress to malignancy. Neurofibromas are complex tumors composed of axonal processes, Schwann cells, fibroblasts, perineurial cells, and mast cells. Through use of a conditional (cre/lox) allele, we show that loss of NF1 in the Schwann cell lineage is sufficient to generate tumors. In addition, complete NF1-mediated tumorigenicity requires both a loss of NF1 in cells destined to become neoplastic as well as heterozygosity in non-neoplastic cells. The requirement for a permissive haploinsufficient environment to allow tumorigenesis may have therapeutic implications for NF1 and other familial cancers.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3024710/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3024710/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhu, Yuan -- Ghosh, Pritam -- Charnay, Patrick -- Burns, Dennis K -- Parada, Luis F -- R01 NS034296/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS034296-06/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 3;296(5569):920-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Developmental Biology, Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9133, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11988578" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Axons/ultrastructure ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Cells, Cultured ; Cranial Nerves/pathology ; Culture Techniques ; Female ; *Genes, Neurofibromatosis 1 ; Genotype ; Heterozygote ; Hyperplasia ; Loss of Heterozygosity ; Male ; Mast Cells/chemistry/pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neurofibroma/genetics/*pathology ; Neurofibromatosis 1/genetics/*pathology ; Peripheral Nerves/pathology ; Schwann Cells/chemistry/*pathology ; Spinal Nerves/pathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 23
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    Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can lower amyloidogenic Abeta42 by inhibiting Rho (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-11-15
    Description: A subset of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been shown to preferentially reduce the secretion of the highly amyloidogenic, 42-residue amyloid-beta peptide Abeta42. We found that Rho and its effector, Rho-associated kinase, preferentially regulated the amount of Abeta42 produced in vitro and that only those NSAIDs effective as Rho inhibitors lowered Abeta42. Administration of Y-27632, a selective Rock inhibitor, also preferentially lowered brain levels of Abeta42 in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Thus, the Rho-Rock pathway may regulate amyloid precursor protein processing, and a subset of NSAIDs can reduce Abeta42 through inhibition of Rho activity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhou, Yan -- Su, Yuan -- Li, Baolin -- Liu, Feng -- Ryder, John W -- Wu, Xin -- Gonzalez-DeWhitt, Patricia A -- Gelfanova, Valentina -- Hale, John E -- May, Patrick C -- Paul, Steven M -- Ni, Binhui -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Nov 14;302(5648):1215-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Neuroscience Discovery Research and Bioresearch Technologies and Proteins, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA. zhou_yan_yz@lilly.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14615541" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amides/pharmacology ; Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/*metabolism ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/*pharmacology ; Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases ; Brain/drug effects/metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Endopeptidases/metabolism ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Guanosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Humans ; Ibuprofen/pharmacology ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Peptide Fragments/*metabolism ; Polyisoprenyl Phosphates/pharmacology ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Pyridines/pharmacology ; Sesquiterpenes ; Signal Transduction ; Sulindac/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Transfection ; rho GTP-Binding Proteins/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; rho-Associated Kinases ; rhoA GTP-Binding Protein/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 24
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    Collaborations tailored for bioinformatics projects (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhong, Y -- Zhang, L -- Su, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Dec 15;290(5499):2074.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11187831" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Computational Biology ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; *Ecosystem ; *International Cooperation ; Technology Transfer
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 25
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    A p53 amino-terminal nuclear export signal inhibited by DNA damage-induced phosphorylation (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-06-09
    Description: The p53 protein is present in low amounts in normally growing cells and is activated in response to physiological insults. MDM2 regulates p53 either through inhibiting p53's transactivating function in the nucleus or by targeting p53 degradation in the cytoplasm. We identified a previously unknown nuclear export signal (NES) in the amino terminus of p53, spanning residues 11 to 27 and containing two serine residues phosphorylated after DNA damage, which was required for p53 nuclear export in colloboration with the carboxyl-terminal NES. Serine-15-phosphorylated p53 induced by ultraviolet irradiation was not exported. Thus, DNA damage-induced phosphorylation may achieve optimal p53 activation by inhibiting both MDM2 binding to, and the nuclear export of, p53.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Y -- Xiong, Y -- CA65572/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K01 CA087580/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jun 8;292(5523):1910-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Program in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11397945" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Fusion ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/*metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; *DNA Damage ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; *Nuclear Proteins ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphoserine/metabolism ; *Protein Sorting Signals ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2 ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Transfection ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Ubiquitins/metabolism ; Ultraviolet Rays
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 26
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    Neurobiology. Sniffing out odors with multiple dendrites (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yoshihara, Y -- Nagao, H -- Mori, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Feb 2;291(5505):835-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory for Neurobiology of the Synapse, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan. yoshihara@brain.riken.go.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11225631" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dendrites/*physiology ; Interneurons/physiology ; Neural Conduction ; Neural Inhibition ; Odors ; Olfactory Bulb/*cytology/*physiology ; Olfactory Pathways/*physiology ; Olfactory Receptor Neurons/physiology ; Receptors, Odorant/*physiology ; Smell/*physiology ; Synapses ; Time Factors ; Zebrafish
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 27
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    Ubiquitin protein ligase activity of IAPs and their degradation in proteasomes in response to apoptotic stimuli (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-05-08
    Description: To determine why proteasome inhibitors prevent thymocyte death, we examined whether proteasomes degrade anti-apoptotic molecules in cells induced to undergo apoptosis. The c-IAP1 and XIAP inhibitors of apoptosis were selectively lost in glucocorticoid- or etoposide-treated thymocytes in a proteasome-dependent manner before death. IAPs catalyzed their own ubiquitination in vitro, an activity requiring the RING domain. Overexpressed wild-type c-IAP1, but not a RING domain mutant, was spontaneously ubiquitinated and degraded, and stably expressed XIAP lacking the RING domain was relatively resistant to apoptosis-induced degradation and, correspondingly, more effective at preventing apoptosis than wild-type XIAP. Autoubiquitination and degradation of IAPs may be a key event in the apoptotic program.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yang, Y -- Fang, S -- Jensen, J P -- Weissman, A M -- Ashwell, J D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 May 5;288(5467):874-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Division of Basic Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10797013" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Apoptosis ; Cells, Cultured ; Cysteine Endopeptidases/*metabolism ; Dexamethasone/pharmacology ; Etoposide/pharmacology ; Hybridomas ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins ; Ligases/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Multienzyme Complexes/*metabolism ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes/cytology/drug effects/*metabolism ; Thymus Gland/cytology ; Transfection ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases ; Ubiquitins/metabolism ; X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein
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    Central role for the lens in cave fish eye degeneration (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-08-01
    Description: Astyanax mexicanus is a teleost with eyed surface-dwelling and eyeless cave-dwelling forms. Eye formation is initiated in cave fish embryos, but the eye subsequently arrests and degenerates. The surface fish lens stimulates growth and development after transplantation into the cave fish optic cup, restoring optic tissues lost during cave fish evolution. Conversely, eye growth and development are retarded following transplantation of a surface fish lens into a cave fish optic cup or lens extirpation. These results show that evolutionary changes in an inductive signal from the lens are involved in cave fish eye degeneration.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yamamoto, Y -- Jeffery, W R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jul 28;289(5479):631-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-4415, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10915628" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis ; Biological Evolution ; Cell Differentiation ; DNA-Binding Proteins/biosynthesis ; Embryonic Induction ; Eye/*embryology ; Eye Proteins ; Fishes/*embryology ; Homeodomain Proteins/biosynthesis ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Lens, Crystalline/cytology/*embryology/*physiology/transplantation ; Paired Box Transcription Factors ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen/biosynthesis ; Repressor Proteins ; Retina/embryology/growth & development/metabolism ; Rhodopsin/biosynthesis ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Myocyte adrenoceptor signaling pathways (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-06-07
    Description: Adrenoceptors (ARs), members of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily, form the interface between the sympathetic nervous system and the cardiovascular system, with integral roles in the rapid regulation of myocardial function. However, in heart failure, chronic catecholamine stimulation of adrenoceptors has been linked to pathologic cardiac remodeling, including myocyte apoptosis and hypertrophy. In cardiac myocytes, activation of AR subtypes results in coupling to different G proteins and induction of specific signaling pathways, which is partly regulated by the subtype-specific distribution of receptors in plasma membrane compartments containing distinct complexes of signaling molecules. The Connections Maps of the Adrenergic and Myocyte Adrenergic Signaling Pathways bring into focus the specific signaling pathways of individual AR subtypes and their relevant functions in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xiang, Yang -- Kobilka, Brian K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jun 6;300(5625):1530-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12791980" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cardiomegaly/metabolism/pathology ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Myocardial Contraction ; Myocardium/*metabolism ; Myocytes, Cardiac/*metabolism ; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha/chemistry/*metabolism ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/chemistry/*metabolism ; *Signal Transduction
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    Temporal specificity in the cortical plasticity of visual space representation (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-18
    Description: The circuitry and function of mammalian visual cortex are shaped by patterns of visual stimuli, a plasticity likely mediated by synaptic modifications. In the adult cat, asynchronous visual stimuli in two adjacent retinal regions controlled the relative spike timing of two groups of cortical neurons with high precision. This asynchronous pairing induced rapid modifications of intracortical connections and shifts in receptive fields. These changes depended on the temporal order and interval between visual stimuli in a manner consistent with spike timing-dependent synaptic plasticity. Parallel to the cortical modifications found in the cat, such asynchronous visual stimuli also induced shifts in human spatial perception.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fu, Yu-Xi -- Djupsund, Kaj -- Gao, Hongfeng -- Hayden, Benjamin -- Shen, Kai -- Dan, Yang -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 14;296(5575):1999-2003.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Neurobiology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12065829" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Cats ; Conditioning (Psychology) ; Humans ; *Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurons/physiology ; Normal Distribution ; *Photic Stimulation ; Retina/*physiology ; *Space Perception ; Synapses/*physiology ; Time Factors ; Visual Cortex/*physiology ; Visual Pathways
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    Immunology. Autoreactive B cells migrate into T cell territory (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fu, Yang-Xin -- Storb, Ursula -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 20;297(5589):2006-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12242429" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/genetics ; Apoptosis ; Autoantibodies/*biosynthesis/immunology ; Autoantigens/immunology ; Autoimmune Diseases/immunology ; *Autoimmunity ; B-Lymphocytes/*immunology/physiology ; Cell Movement ; Chemokines/physiology ; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte ; Dendritic Cells, Follicular/immunology ; Fas Ligand Protein ; Genes, Immunoglobulin ; Germinal Center/immunology ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphoid Tissue/*immunology ; Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred MRL lpr ; Mice, Transgenic ; Receptors, Chemokine/metabolism ; *Somatic Hypermutation, Immunoglobulin ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    An ossified Meckel's cartilage in two Cretaceous mammals and origin of the mammalian middle ear (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-10-13
    Description: An ossified Meckel's cartilage has been recovered from two early Cretaceous mammals from China. This element is similar to Meckel's cartilage in prenatal and some postnatal extant mammals and indicates the relationship of Meckel's cartilage with the middle ear in early mammals. The evidence shows that brain expansion may not be the initial factor that caused the separation of postdentary bones from the dentary as middle ear ossicles during mammalian evolution. The failure of the dentary to seize reduced postdentary elements during ontogeny of early mammals is postulated as an alternative mechanism for the separation. Modifications of both feeding and hearing apparatuses in early mammals may have led to the development of the definitive mammalian middle ear.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, Y -- Hu, Y -- Meng, J -- Li, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Oct 12;294(5541):357-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (IVPP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Post Office Box 643, Beijing, 100044, China. wang.yuanqing@pa.ivpp.ac.cn〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11598297" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Cartilage/*anatomy & histology/physiology ; China ; Dentition ; Ear, Middle/*anatomy & histology/physiology ; *Fossils ; Hearing ; Mammals/*anatomy & histology ; Mandible/anatomy & histology ; Mastication ; *Osteogenesis ; Phylogeny ; Skull/anatomy & histology
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    Biomedicine. Huntingtin--profit and loss (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-07-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Trottier, Y -- Mandel, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 20;293(5529):445-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉IGBMC-CNRS-INSERM-ULP, Illkirch Cedex 67404, C.U. de Strasbourg, France. yvon@titus.u-strasbg.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11463904" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/genetics/*metabolism ; CREB-Binding Protein ; Caspases/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cerebral Cortex/*metabolism/pathology ; Corpus Striatum/*metabolism/pathology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Huntington Disease/genetics/*metabolism/pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mutation ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*physiology ; Neurons/*metabolism/pathology ; Nuclear Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Trans-Activators/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
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    A protein sensor for siRNA asymmetry (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-11-20
    Description: To act as guides in the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) must be unwound into their component strands, then assembled with proteins to form the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which catalyzes target messenger RNA cleavage. Thermodynamic differences in the base-pairing stabilities of the 5' ends of the two approximately 21-nucleotide siRNA strands determine which siRNA strand is assembled into the RISC. We show that in Drosophila, the orientation of the Dicer-2/R2D2 protein heterodimer on the siRNA duplex determines which siRNA strand associates with the core RISC protein Argonaute 2. R2D2 binds the siRNA end with the greatest double-stranded character, thereby orienting the heterodimer on the siRNA duplex. Strong R2D2 binding requires a 5'-phosphate on the siRNA strand that is excluded from the RISC. Thus, R2D2 is both a protein sensor for siRNA thermodynamic asymmetry and a licensing factor for entry of authentic siRNAs into the RNAi pathway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tomari, Yukihide -- Matranga, Christian -- Haley, Benjamin -- Martinez, Natalia -- Zamore, Phillip D -- GM62862-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM65236-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 19;306(5700):1377-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15550672" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Argonaute Proteins ; Dimerization ; Drosophila/embryology/metabolism ; Drosophila Proteins/*metabolism ; Light ; Luciferases/genetics ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; RNA Helicases/*metabolism ; *RNA Interference ; RNA, Double-Stranded/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering/*chemistry/*metabolism ; RNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; RNA-Induced Silencing Complex/*metabolism ; Ribonuclease III ; Superoxide Dismutase/genetics ; Thermodynamics ; Uracil/*analogs & derivatives/analysis
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    Disruption of transforming growth factor-beta signaling in ELF beta-spectrin-deficient mice (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-01-25
    Description: Disruption of the adaptor protein ELF, a beta-spectrin, leads to disruption of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling by Smad proteins in mice. Elf-/- mice exhibit a phenotype similar to smad2+/-/smad3+/- mutant mice of midgestational death due to gastrointestinal, liver, neural, and heart defects. We show that TGF-beta triggers phosphorylation and association of ELF with Smad3 and Smad4, followed by nuclear translocation. ELF deficiency results in mislocalization of Smad3 and Smad4 and loss of the TGF-beta-dependent transcriptional response, which could be rescued by overexpression of the COOH-terminal region of ELF. This study reveals an unexpected molecular link between a major dynamic scaffolding protein and a key signaling pathway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tang, Yi -- Katuri, Varalakshmi -- Dillner, Allan -- Mishra, Bibhuti -- Deng, Chu-Xia -- Mishra, Lopa -- R01 DK56111/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK58637/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R03 DK53861/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jan 24;299(5606):574-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12543979" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abnormalities, Multiple ; Animals ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Contractile Proteins/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Embryonic and Fetal Development ; Filamins ; Gene Targeting ; Genes, fos ; Liver/abnormalities/embryology/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Microfilament Proteins/metabolism ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Phosphorylation ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/pharmacology ; *Signal Transduction ; Smad2 Protein ; Smad3 Protein ; Smad4 Protein ; Spectrin/genetics/*metabolism ; Trans-Activators/metabolism ; Transcriptional Activation ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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    An essential role of N-terminal arginylation in cardiovascular development (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-07-06
    Description: The enzymatic conjugation of arginine to the N-termini of proteins is a part of the ubiquitin-dependent N-end rule pathway of protein degradation. In mammals, three N-terminal residues-aspartate, glutamate, and cysteine-are substrates for arginylation. The mouse ATE1 gene encodes a family of Arg-tRNA-protein transferases (R-transferases) that mediate N-terminal arginylation. We constructed ATE1-lacking mouse strains and found that ATE1-/- embryos die with defects in heart development and in angiogenic remodeling of the early vascular plexus. Through biochemical analyses, we show that N-terminal cysteine, in contrast to N-terminal aspartate and glutamate, is oxidized before its arginylation by R-transferase, suggesting that the arginylation branch of the N-end rule pathway functions as an oxygen sensor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kwon, Yong Tae -- Kashina, Anna S -- Davydov, Ilia V -- Hu, Rong-Gui -- An, Jee Young -- Seo, Jai Wha -- Du, Fangyong -- Varshavsky, Alexander -- GM31530/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jul 5;297(5578):96-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology, 147-75, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12098698" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alkylation ; Aminoacyltransferases/*genetics/*metabolism ; Animals ; Aorta/embryology ; Arginine/*metabolism ; Aspartic Acid/metabolism ; Blood Vessels/*embryology ; Cell Line ; Cysteic Acid/metabolism ; Cysteine/metabolism ; Female ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism ; Heart/*embryology ; Heart Defects, Congenital/embryology ; Heart Septal Defects/embryology ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Proteins/*metabolism ; Pulmonary Artery/embryology ; RGS Proteins/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Sulfinic Acids/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Transfection
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    Heterotopic shift of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in vertebrate jaw evolution (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2002-05-23
    Description: Genes involved in late specification of the mandibular arch, the source of the vertebrate jaw, are expressed with similar patterns in the oral regions of chick and lamprey embryos. However, morphological comparisons indicate that apparently orthologous homeobox genes were expressed in different subdivisions of the ectomesenchyme in the two species. Therefore, the homology and gene expression of the oral region are uncoupled during the transition from agnathan to gnathostome; we conclude that a heterotopic shift of tissue interaction was involved in the evolution of the jaw.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shigetani, Yasuyo -- Sugahara, Fumiaki -- Kawakami, Yayoi -- Murakami, Yasunori -- Hirano, Shigeki -- Kuratani, Shigeru -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 17;296(5571):1316-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory for Evolutionary Morphology, Center for Developmental Biology, RIKEN, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12016315" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Body Patterning ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/genetics/pharmacology/physiology ; Brain/embryology/metabolism ; Chick Embryo ; Epidermis/embryology/metabolism ; Epithelium/embryology/physiology ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/genetics/pharmacology/physiology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genes, Homeobox ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; *Jaw/anatomy & histology/embryology ; Lampreys/*embryology/genetics ; Lip/embryology/metabolism ; Mandible/anatomy & histology/*embryology ; Mesoderm/metabolism/*physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mouth/embryology/metabolism ; Neural Crest/embryology/physiology ; Phylogeny ; Transcription Factors
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    Redox regulation of germline and vulval development in Caenorhabditis elegans (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-12-06
    Description: In vitro studies have indicated that reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the oxidation of signaling molecules are important mediators of signal transduction. We have identified two pathways by which the altered redox chemistry of the clk-1 mutants of Caenorhabditis elegans acts in vivo on germline development. One pathway depends on the oxidation of an analog of vertebrate low density lipoprotein (LDL) and acts on the germline through the Ack-related tyrosine kinase (ARK-1) kinase and inositol trisphosphate (IP3) signaling. The other pathway is the oncogenic ras signaling pathway, whose action on germline as well as vulval development appears to be modulated by cytoplasmic ROS.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shibata, Yukimasa -- Branicky, Robyn -- Landaverde, Irene Oviedo -- Hekimi, Siegfried -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Dec 5;302(5651):1779-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Avenue Docteur Penfield, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3A 1B1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14657502" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Apolipoproteins B/genetics/metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics/*growth & development/*metabolism ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Cholesterol/metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; Disorders of Sex Development ; Female ; Inositol Phosphates/metabolism ; Lipoproteins, LDL/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Phenotype ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; RNA Interference ; Reactive Oxygen Species/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Vulva/growth & development ; ras Proteins/genetics/metabolism
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    Adaptive immune response of Vgamma2Vdelta2+ T cells during mycobacterial infections (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-23
    Description: To examine the role of T cell receptor (TCR) in gammadelta T cells in adaptive immunity, a macaque model was used to follow Vgamma2Vdelta2+ T cell responses to mycobacterial infections. These phosphoantigen-specific gammadelta T cells displayed major expansion during Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) infection and a clear memory-type response after BCG reinfection. Primary and recall expansions of Vgamma2Vdelta2+ T cells were also seen during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of naive and BCG-vaccinated macaques, respectively. This capacity to rapidly expand coincided with a clearance of BCG bacteremia and immunity to fatal tuberculosis in BCG-vaccinated macaques. Thus, Vgamma2Vdelta2+ T cells may contribute to adaptive immunity to mycobacterial infections.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2872146/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2872146/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shen, Yun -- Zhou, Dejiang -- Qiu, Liyou -- Lai, Xioamin -- Simon, Meredith -- Shen, Ling -- Kou, Zhongchen -- Wang, Qifan -- Jiang, Liming -- Estep, Jim -- Hunt, Robert -- Clagett, Michelle -- Sehgal, Prabhat K -- Li, Yunyaun -- Zeng, Xuejun -- Morita, Craig T -- Brenner, Michael B -- Letvin, Norman L -- Chen, Zheng W -- HL64560/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL064560/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL064560-04/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 RR013601/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 RR013601-04/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- RR13601/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 22;295(5563):2255-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Tuberculosis Research Unit, Division of Viral Pathogenesis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11910108" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Immunity, Innate/immunology ; Immunologic Memory/immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphocyte Count ; Macaca/*immunology/*microbiology ; Mycobacterium bovis/*immunology ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/*immunology ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/cytology/*immunology ; Tuberculosis/*immunology/microbiology
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    Taxonomists' requiem? (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Samyn, Yves -- Massin, Claude -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 11;295(5553):276-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11789538" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Classification ; *Ecosystem ; Invertebrates/classification ; Plants/classification ; *Publishing
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    Gene targeting by homologous recombination in Drosophila (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-06-17
    Description: Drosophila offers many advantages as an experimental organism. However, in comparison with yeast and mouse, two other widely used eukaryotic model systems, Drosophila suffers from an inability to perform homologous recombination between introduced DNA and the corresponding chromosomal loci. The ability to specifically modify the genomes of yeast and mouse provides a quick and easy way to generate or rescue mutations in genes for which a DNA clone or sequence is available. A method is described that enables analogous manipulations of the Drosophila genome. This technique may also be applicable to other organisms for which gene-targeting procedures do not yet exist.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rong, Y S -- Golic, K G -- R21GM57792/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jun 16;288(5473):2013-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10856208" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Blotting, Southern ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA Damage ; DNA Nucleotidyltransferases/metabolism ; DNA Repair ; Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific/genetics/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics ; Female ; *Gene Targeting ; *Genes, Insect ; In Situ Hybridization ; Male ; *Mutagenesis ; Mutation ; Point Mutation ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Transgenes
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    Specialized fatty acid synthesis in African trypanosomes: myristate for GPI anchors (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-07
    Description: African trypanosomes, the cause of sleeping sickness, need massive amounts of myristate to remodel glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors on their surface glycoproteins. However, it has been believed that the parasite is unable to synthesize any fatty acids, and myristate is not abundant in the hosts' bloodstreams. Thus, it has been unclear how trypanosomes meet their myristate requirement. Here we found that they could indeed synthesize fatty acids. The synthetic pathway was unique in that the major product, myristate, was preferentially incorporated into GPIs and not into other lipids. The antibiotic thiolactomycin inhibited myristate synthesis and killed the parasite, making this pathway a potential chemotherapeutic target.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morita, Y S -- Paul, K S -- Englund, P T -- AI21334/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Apr 7;288(5463):140-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10753118" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acyl Coenzyme A/metabolism ; Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Caprylates/metabolism ; Cell-Free System ; Cerulenin/pharmacology ; Decanoic Acids/metabolism ; Fatty Acid Synthases/metabolism ; Fatty Acids/*biosynthesis ; Glycosylphosphatidylinositols/*metabolism ; Laurates/metabolism ; Myristates/*metabolism ; Subcellular Fractions/enzymology ; Thiophenes/pharmacology ; Trypanosoma brucei brucei/drug effects/growth & development/*metabolism
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    Sea urchin spine calcite forms via a transient amorphous calcium carbonate phase (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-11-13
    Description: The skeletons of adult echinoderms comprise large single crystals of calcite with smooth convoluted fenestrated morphologies, raising many questions about how they form. By using water etching, infrared spectroscopy, electron diffraction, and environmental scanning electron microscopy, we show that sea urchin spine regeneration proceeds via the initial deposition of amorphous calcium carbonate. Because most echinoderms produce the same type of skeletal material, they probably all use this same mechanism. Deposition of transient amorphous phases as a strategy for producing single crystals with complex morphology may have interesting implications for the development of sophisticated materials.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Politi, Yael -- Arad, Talmon -- Klein, Eugenia -- Weiner, Steve -- Addadi, Lia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 12;306(5699):1161-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Structural Biology, 76100 Rehovot, Israel.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15539597" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium Carbonate/chemistry/*metabolism ; Crystallization ; Microscopy, Electron ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; *Regeneration ; Sea Urchins/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Spectrophotometry, Infrared ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
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    Extent of chromatin spreading determined by roX RNA recruitment of MSL proteins (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-26
    Description: The untranslated roX1 and roX2 RNAs are components of the Drosophila male-specific lethal (MSL) complex, which modifies histones to up-regulate transcription of the male X chromosome. roX genes are normally located on the X chromosome, and roX transgenes can misdirect the dosage compensation machinery to spread locally on other chromosomes. Here we define MSL protein abundance as a determinant of whether the MSL complex will spread in cis from an autosomal roX transgene. The number of expressed roX genes in a nucleus was inversely correlated with spreading from roX transgenes. We suggest a model in which MSL proteins assemble into active complexes by binding nascent roX transcripts. When MSL protein/roX RNA ratios are high, assembly will be efficient, and complexes may be completed while still tethered to the DNA template. We propose that this local production of MSL complexes determines the extent of spreading into flanking chromatin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Park, Yongkyu -- Kelley, Richard L -- Oh, Hyangyee -- Kuroda, Mitzi I -- Meller, Victoria H -- GM45744/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM58427/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 22;298(5598):1620-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12446910" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromatin/*metabolism ; Chromosomes/metabolism ; DNA, Complementary ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; *Dosage Compensation, Genetic ; Drosophila/*genetics/metabolism ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Untranslated/*genetics/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transgenes ; X Chromosome/metabolism
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    Epigenetic aspects of X-chromosome dosage compensation (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-08-11
    Description: The X chromosomes of mammals and fruit flies exhibit unusual properties that have evolved to deal with the different dosages of X-linked genes in males (XY) and females (XX). The X chromosome dosage-compensation mechanisms discovered in these species are evolutionarily unrelated, but exhibit surprising parallels in their regulatory strategies. These features include the importance of noncoding RNAs, and epigenetic spreading of chromatin-modifying activities. Sex chromosomes have posed a fascinating puzzle for biologists. The dissimilar organization, gene content, and regulation of the X and Y chromosomes are thought to reflect selective forces acting on original pairs of identical chromosomes (1-3). The result in many organisms is a male-specific Y chromosome that has lost most of its original genetic content, and a difference in dosage of the X chromosome in males (XY) and females (XX).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Park, Y -- Kuroda, M I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 10;293(5532):1083-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11498577" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromatin/metabolism ; *Dosage Compensation, Genetic ; Drosophila/genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Genomic Imprinting ; Histones/metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Mammals/genetics ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; RNA, Untranslated/genetics/metabolism ; RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; X Chromosome/*genetics
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    Backward spreading of memory-retrieval signal in the primate temporal cortex (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-07
    Description: Bidirectional signaling between neocortex and limbic cortex has been hypothesized to contribute to the retrieval of long-term memory. We tested this hypothesis by comparing the time courses of perceptual and memory-retrieval signals in two neighboring areas in temporal cortex, area TE (TE) and perirhinal cortex (PRh), while monkeys were performing a visual pair-association task. Perceptual signal reached TE before PRh, confirming its forward propagation. In contrast, memory-retrieval signal appeared earlier in PRh, and TE neurons were then gradually recruited to represent the sought target. A reasonable interpretation of this finding is that the rich backward fiber projections from PRh to TE may underlie the activation of TE neurons that represent a visual object retrieved from long-term memory.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Naya, Y -- Yoshida, M -- Miyashita, Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jan 26;291(5504):661-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11158679" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Cues ; Limbic System/physiology ; Macaca ; Memory/*physiology ; Mental Recall/*physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Temporal Lobe/*physiology ; Visual Pathways ; Visual Perception
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    Transcription-coupled events associating with immunoglobulin switch region chromatin (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-12-20
    Description: Class switch recombination (CSR) at the antibody immunoglobulin locus is regulated by germline transcription (GLT)-coupled modifications in the accessibility of the switch region, where CSR takes place. Here we show that histone acetylation of switch regions is linked to CSR but that histone acetylation cannot alone promote CSR or GLT. Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) specifically associates with the CSR target chromatin in a GLT-coupled manner, which may occur potentially by means of physical interaction between AID and the transcription machinery. These data indicate an important role of GLT in the regulation of chromatin accessibility, strongly suggesting that the target of AID is chromatin DNA. Our results give insights on the role of AID and the regulatory mechanism of CSR.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nambu, Yukiko -- Sugai, Manabu -- Gonda, Hiroyuki -- Lee, Chung-Gi -- Katakai, Tomoya -- Agata, Yasutoshi -- Yokota, Yoshifumi -- Shimizu, Akira -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Dec 19;302(5653):2137-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14684824" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromatin/*metabolism ; Cytidine Deaminase/*metabolism ; DNA/metabolism ; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors ; Histones/metabolism ; Hydroxamic Acids/pharmacology ; *Immunoglobulin Class Switching ; Immunoglobulin E/biosynthesis ; Immunoglobulin G/biosynthesis ; *Immunoglobulin Switch Region ; Interleukin-4/immunology ; Lipopolysaccharides/immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Precipitin Tests ; RNA/metabolism ; RNA Polymerase II/metabolism ; Recombination, Genetic ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/immunology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1
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    Survival for immunity: the price of immune system activation for bumblebee workers (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2000-11-10
    Description: Parasites do not always harm their hosts because the immune system keeps an infection at bay. Ironically, the cost of using immune defenses could itself reduce host fitness. This indirect cost of parasitism is often not visible because of compensatory resource intake. Here, workers of the bumblebee, Bombus terrestris, were challenged with lipopolysaccharides and micro-latex beads to induce their immune system under starvation (i.e., not allowing compensatory intake). Compared with controls, survival of induced workers was significantly reduced (by 50 to 70%).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moret, Y -- Schmid-Hempel, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Nov 10;290(5494):1166-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Experimental Ecology, ETH-Zentrum, NW, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. moret@eco.umnw.ethz.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11073456" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bees/*immunology/physiology ; Food ; Hemolymph/immunology ; Immunity, Innate ; Latex ; Lipopolysaccharides/immunology ; Microspheres
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    Cognitive memory: cellular and network machineries and their top-down control (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-16
    Description: A brain-wide distributed network orchestrates cognitive memorizing and remembering of explicit memory (i.e., memory of facts and events). The network was initially identified in humans and is being systematically investigated in molecular/genetic, single-unit, lesion, and imaging studies in animals. The types of memory identified in humans are extended into animals as episodic-like (event) memory or semantic-like (fact) memory. The unique configurational association between environmental stimuli and behavioral context, which is likely the basis of episodic-like memory, depends on neural circuits in the medial temporal lobe, whereas memory traces representing repeated associations, which is likely the basis of semantic-like memory, are consolidated in the domain-specific regions in the temporal cortex. These regions are reactivated during remembering and contribute to the contents of a memory. Two types of retrieval signal reach the cortical representations. One runs from the frontal cortex for active (or effortful) retrieval (top-down signal), and the other spreads backward from the medial temporal lobe for automatic retrieval. By sending the top-down signal to the temporal cortex, frontal regions manipulate and organize to-be-remembered information, devise strategies for retrieval, and also monitor the outcome, with dissociated frontal regions making functionally separate contributions. The challenge is to understand the hierarchical interactions between these multiple cortical areas, not only with a correlational analysis but also with an interventional study demonstrating the causal necessity and the direction of the causality.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miyashita, Yasushi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 15;306(5695):435-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, University of Tokyo School of Medicine, Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. yasushi_miyashita@m.u-tokyo.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15486288" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Cognition ; Cues ; Frontal Lobe/*physiology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Hippocampus/*physiology ; Humans ; *Memory ; Mental Recall ; Nerve Net/*physiology ; Neural Pathways/physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Temporal Lobe/*physiology
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    Calcium, calmodulin, and CaMKII requirement for initiation of centrosome duplication in Xenopus egg extracts (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-19
    Description: Aberrant centrosome duplication is observed in many tumor cells and may contribute to genomic instability through the formation of multipolar mitotic spindles. Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdk2) is required for multiple rounds of centrosome duplication in Xenopus egg extracts but not for the initial round of replication. Egg extracts undergo periodic oscillations in the level of free calcium. We show here that chelation of calcium in egg extracts or specific inactivation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) blocks even initial centrosome duplication, whereas inactivation of Cdk2 does not. Duplication can be restored to inhibited extracts by addition of CaMKII and calmodulin. These results indicate that calcium, calmodulin, and CaMKII are required for an essential step in initiation of centrosome duplication. Our data suggest that calcium oscillations in the cell cycle may be linked to centrosome duplication.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Matsumoto, Yutaka -- Maller, James L -- CA46934/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 18;295(5554):499-502.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO 80262, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11799245" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *CDC2-CDC28 Kinases ; Calcium/*metabolism ; *Calcium Signaling ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2 ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Calmodulin/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Cell Extracts ; Centrosome/*metabolism ; Chelating Agents/pharmacology ; Cyclin E ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Egtazic Acid/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/cytology/metabolism ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Heparin/pharmacology ; Microtubules/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Ovum/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; *S Phase ; Xenopus ; Xenopus Proteins/metabolism
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    A centrosomal localization signal in cyclin E required for Cdk2-independent S phase entry (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-30
    Description: Excess cyclin E-Cdk2 accelerates entry into S phase of the cell cycle and promotes polyploidy, which may contribute to genomic instability in cancer cells. We identified 20 amino acids in cyclin E as a centrosomal localization signal (CLS) essential for both centrosomal targeting and promoting DNA synthesis. Expressed wild-type, but not mutant, CLS peptides localized on the centrosome, prevented endogenous cyclin E and cyclin A from localizing to the centrosome, and inhibited DNA synthesis. Ectopic cyclin E localized to the centrosome and accelerated S phase entry even with mutations that abolish Cdk2 binding, but not with a mutation in the CLS. These results suggest that cyclin E has a modular centrosomal-targeting domain essential for promoting S phase entry in a Cdk2-independent manner.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Matsumoto, Yutaka -- Maller, James L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 29;306(5697):885-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) and Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO 80262, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15514162" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; CDC2-CDC28 Kinases/metabolism ; CHO Cells ; Centrosome/*metabolism ; Cricetinae ; Cyclin E/chemistry/*metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; *Protein Sorting Signals ; Rats ; *S Phase ; Transfection
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Tumstatin, an endothelial cell-specific inhibitor of protein synthesis (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-05
    Description: Tumstatin is a 28-kilodalton fragment of type IV collagen that displays both anti-angiogenic and proapoptotic activity. Here we show that tumstatin functions as an endothelial cell-specific inhibitor of protein synthesis. Through a requisite interaction with alphaVbeta3 integrin, tumstatin inhibits activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase), protein kinase B (PKB/Akt), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and it prevents the dissociation of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E protein (eIF4E) from 4E-binding protein 1. These results establish a role for integrins in mediating cell-specific inhibition of cap-dependent protein synthesis and suggest a potential mechanism for tumstatin's selective effects on endothelial cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maeshima, Yohei -- Sudhakar, Akulapalli -- Lively, Julie C -- Ueki, Kohjiro -- Kharbanda, Surender -- Kahn, C Ronald -- Sonenberg, Nahum -- Hynes, Richard O -- Kalluri, Raghu -- DK-51711/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK-55001/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P01-HL66105/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 4;295(5552):140-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program in Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine and the Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11778052" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Autoantigens/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Cattle ; Cells, Cultured ; Collagen Type IV/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Endothelium, Vascular/*cytology/drug effects/*metabolism ; Enzyme Activation/drug effects ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E ; Focal Adhesion Kinase 1 ; Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; Humans ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptide Fragments/pharmacology ; Peptide Initiation Factors/metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism ; Phosphoproteins/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; *Protein Biosynthesis/drug effects ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors/*pharmacology ; *Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; RNA Caps/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Vitronectin/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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    Orientation of asymmetric stem cell division by the APC tumor suppressor and centrosome (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-09-13
    Description: Stem cell self-renewal can be specified by local signals from the surrounding microenvironment, or niche. However, the relation between the niche and the mechanisms that ensure the correct balance between stem cell self-renewal and differentiation is poorly understood. Here, we show that dividing Drosophila male germline stem cells use intracellular mechanisms involving centrosome function and cortically localized Adenomatous Polyposis Coli tumor suppressor protein to orient mitotic spindles perpendicular to the niche, ensuring a reliably asymmetric outcome in which one daughter cell remains in the niche and self-renews stem cell identity, whereas the other, displaced away, initiates differentiation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yamashita, Yukiko M -- Jones, D Leanne -- Fuller, Margaret T -- 1P01 DK53074/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Sep 12;301(5639):1547-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5329, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12970569" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Arabidopsis Proteins ; Cadherins/metabolism ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Cell Count ; Cell Differentiation ; *Cell Division ; Cell Polarity ; Centrosome/*physiology ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/metabolism ; Drosophila/*cytology/genetics/physiology ; Drosophila Proteins/*metabolism ; Germ Cells/cytology/*physiology ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Male ; Mutation ; Spindle Apparatus/physiology ; Stem Cells/cytology/*physiology ; Testis/cytology ; Trans-Activators/metabolism ; Tubulin/metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/*metabolism ; beta Catenin
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    RAD51C is required for Holliday junction processing in mammalian cells (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-01-13
    Description: During genetic recombination and the recombinational repair of chromosome breaks, DNA molecules become linked at points of strand exchange. Branch migration and resolution of these crossovers, or Holliday junctions (HJs), complete the recombination process. Here, we show that extracts from cells carrying mutations in the recombination/repair genes RAD51C or XRCC3 have reduced levels of HJ resolvase activity. Moreover, depletion of RAD51C from fractionated human extracts caused a loss of branch migration and resolution activity, but these functions were restored by complementation with a variety of RAD51 paralog complexes containing RAD51C. We conclude that the RAD51 paralogs are involved in HJ processing in human cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Yilun -- Masson, Jean-Yves -- Shah, Rajvee -- O'Regan, Paul -- West, Stephen C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 9;303(5655):243-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms, Hertfordshire EN6 3LD, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14716019" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; CHO Cells ; Cell Line ; Cricetinae ; DNA Repair ; DNA, Cruciform/chemistry/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Female ; HeLa Cells ; Holliday Junction Resolvases/*metabolism ; Humans ; Mutation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Recombination, Genetic
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    Immunology. Lymphocyte survival--ignorance is BLys (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-08-29
    Description: As if the TNF receptor and ligand superfamily was not big enough, two new receptors and their ligands have now been added to it. As Laabi and Strasser explain in their Perspective, the receptors BCMA and TACI and their ligands BAFF/BLys and APRIL, respectively, are important for B lymphocyte survival, proliferation, and differentiation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Laabi, Y -- Strasser, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Aug 11;289(5481):883-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Post Office Royal Victoria, Australia. laabi@wehi.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10960320" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis ; B-Cell Activating Factor ; B-Cell Maturation Antigen ; B-Lymphocytes/*cytology/*immunology/metabolism ; CD40 Ligand ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cell Survival ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Humans ; Ligands ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism ; Mice ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Neoplasms/etiology/pathology ; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Transmembrane Activator and CAML Interactor Protein ; Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 13 ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/*metabolism
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    Postsynaptic Induction of BDNF-Mediated Long-Term Potentiation (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-02
    Description: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and other neurotrophins are critically involved in long-term potentiation (LTP). Previous reports point to a presynaptic site of neurotrophin action. By imaging dentate granule cells in mouse hippocampal slices, we identified BDNF-evoked Ca2+ transients in dendrites and spines, but not at presynaptic sites. Pairing a weak burst of synaptic stimulation with a brief dendritic BDNF application caused an immediate and robust induction of LTP. LTP induction required activation of postsynaptic Ca2+ channels and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors and was prevented by the blockage of postsynaptic Ca2+ transients. Thus, our results suggest that BDNF-mediated LTP is induced postsynaptically. Our finding that dendritic spines are the exclusive synaptic sites for rapid BDNF-evoked Ca2+ signaling supports this conclusion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kovalchuk, Yury -- Hanse, Eric -- Kafitz, Karl W -- Konnerth, Arthur -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 1;295(5560):1729-34.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut fur Physiologie, Ludwig-Maximilians Universitat Munchen, 80336 Munchen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11872844" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Axons/drug effects/physiology ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/pharmacology/*physiology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Signaling ; Dendrites/drug effects/*physiology ; Dentate Gyrus/*cytology/drug effects/physiology ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials ; In Vitro Techniques ; *Long-Term Potentiation/drug effects ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Neurons/drug effects/physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Perforant Pathway ; Receptor, trkB/metabolism ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism ; Synapses/drug effects/*physiology
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    Cdh1-APC controls axonal growth and patterning in the mammalian brain (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-01-13
    Description: The anaphase-promoting complex (APC) is highly expressed in postmitotic neurons, but its function in the nervous system was previously unknown. We report that the inhibition of Cdh1-APC in primary neurons specifically enhanced axonal growth. Cdh1 knockdown in cerebellar slice overlay assays and in the developing rat cerebellum in vivo revealed cell-autonomous abnormalities in layer-specific growth of granule neuron axons and parallel fiber patterning. Cdh1 RNA interference in neurons was also found to override the inhibitory influence of myelin on axonal growth. Thus, Cdh1-APC appears to play a role in regulating axonal growth and patterning in the developing brain that may also limit the growth of injured axons in the adult brain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Konishi, Yoshiyuki -- Stegmuller, Judith -- Matsuda, Takahiko -- Bonni, Shirin -- Bonni, Azad -- R01NS41021/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 13;303(5660):1026-30. Epub 2004 Jan 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14716021" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome ; Animals ; Axons/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cerebellar Cortex/*cytology/growth & development ; Dendrites/physiology/ultrastructure ; Electroporation ; Morphogenesis ; Mutation ; Myelin Sheath/metabolism ; Neurons/*physiology ; Organ Culture Techniques ; RNA Interference ; Rats ; Rats, Long-Evans ; Transfection ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes/genetics/*metabolism
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    Asef, a link between the tumor suppressor APC and G-protein signaling (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-08-19
    Description: The adenomatous polyposis coli gene (APC) is mutated in familial adenomatous polyposis and in sporadic colorectal tumors. Here the APC gene product is shown to bind through its armadillo repeat domain to a Rac-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), termed Asef. Endogenous APC colocalized with Asef in mouse colon epithelial cells and neuronal cells. Furthermore, APC enhanced the GEF activity of Asef and stimulated Asef-mediated cell flattening, membrane ruffling, and lamellipodia formation in MDCK cells. These results suggest that the APC-Asef complex may regulate the actin cytoskeletal network, cell morphology and migration, and neuronal function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kawasaki, Y -- Senda, T -- Ishidate, T -- Koyama, R -- Morishita, T -- Iwayama, Y -- Higuchi, O -- Akiyama, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Aug 18;289(5482):1194-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Information, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10947987" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Brain/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/ultrastructure ; Cell Size ; Colon/cytology/metabolism ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/*metabolism ; Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Guanosine Diphosphate/metabolism ; Humans ; Immunoblotting ; Intestinal Mucosa/cytology/metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neurons/metabolism ; Precipitin Tests ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors ; Signal Transduction ; *Trans-Activators ; Transfection ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques ; beta Catenin ; rac GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism
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    Identification of critical staphylococcal genes using conditional phenotypes generated by antisense RNA (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-22
    Description: Comprehensive genomic analysis of the important human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus was achieved by a strategy involving antisense technology in a regulatable gene expression system. In addition to known essential genes, many genes of unknown or poorly defined biological function were identified. This methodology allowed gene function to be characterized in a comprehensive, defined set of conditionally growth-defective/lethal isogenic strains. Quantitative titration of the conditional growth effect was performed either in bacterial culture or in an animal model of infection. This genomic strategy offers an approach to the identification of staphylococcal gene products that could serve as targets for antibiotic discovery.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ji, Y -- Zhang, B -- Van, S F -- Horn -- Warren, P -- Woodnutt, G -- Burnham, M K -- Rosenberg, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 21;293(5538):2266-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, Genetics Research, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals Research and Development, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA. yinduo_ji-1@gsk.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11567142" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cloning, Molecular ; Female ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; *Genes, Bacterial ; *Genes, Essential ; Genetic Vectors ; Mice ; Open Reading Frames ; Phenotype ; Pyelonephritis/microbiology ; *RNA, Antisense ; Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology ; Staphylococcus aureus/*genetics/growth & development/pathogenicity ; Transformation, Bacterial ; Virulence/genetics
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    An extraterrestrial impact at the Permian-Triassic boundary? (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2001-10-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Isozaki, Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 28;293(5539):2343.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth Science and Astronomy, University of Tokyo, Komaba, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11579934" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; China ; Fossils ; Geologic Sediments/*chemistry ; Helium/*analysis ; Isotopes ; Japan ; *Meteoroids ; Paleontology
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    Synfire chains and cortical songs: temporal modules of cortical activity (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2004-04-24
    Description: How can neural activity propagate through cortical networks built with weak, stochastic synapses? We find precise repetitions of spontaneous patterns of synaptic inputs in neocortical neurons in vivo and in vitro. These patterns repeat after minutes, maintaining millisecond accuracy. Calcium imaging of slices reveals reactivation of sequences of cells during the occurrence of repeated intracellular synaptic patterns. The spontaneous activity drifts with time, engaging different cells. Sequences of active neurons have distinct spatial structures and are repeated in the same order over tens of seconds, revealing modular temporal dynamics. Higher order sequences are replayed with compressed timing.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ikegaya, Yuji -- Aaron, Gloster -- Cossart, Rosa -- Aronov, Dmitriy -- Lampl, Ilan -- Ferster, David -- Yuste, Rafael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 23;304(5670):559-64.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15105494" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine/pharmacology ; 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate/pharmacology ; Action Potentials ; Animals ; Benzazepines/pharmacology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cats ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials ; In Vitro Techniques ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Nerve Net/physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Prefrontal Cortex/cytology/*physiology ; Pyramidal Cells/physiology ; Receptors, Dopamine D1/physiology ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/physiology ; Synapses/physiology ; *Synaptic Transmission ; Time Factors ; Visual Cortex/cytology/*physiology
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    Driving AMPA receptors into synapses by LTP and CaMKII: requirement for GluR1 and PDZ domain interaction (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-03-24
    Description: To elucidate mechanisms that control and execute activity-dependent synaptic plasticity, alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate receptors (AMPA-Rs) with an electrophysiological tag were expressed in rat hippocampal neurons. Long-term potentiation (LTP) or increased activity of the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) induced delivery of tagged AMPA-Rs into synapses. This effect was not diminished by mutating the CaMKII phosphorylation site on the GluR1 AMPA-R subunit, but was blocked by mutating a predicted PDZ domain interaction site. These results show that LTP and CaMKII activity drive AMPA-Rs to synapses by a mechanism that requires the association between GluR1 and a PDZ domain protein.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hayashi, Y -- Shi, S H -- Esteban, J A -- Piccini, A -- Poncer, J C -- Malinow, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Mar 24;287(5461):2262-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10731148" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2 ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Catalytic Domain ; Cell Line ; Hippocampus/cytology/metabolism ; Humans ; *Long-Term Potentiation ; Membrane Potentials ; Mutation ; Organ Culture Techniques ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proteins/*metabolism ; Pyramidal Cells/metabolism/*physiology ; Rats ; Receptors, AMPA/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Synapses/*metabolism ; Synaptic Transmission
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    Late Miocene teeth from Middle Awash, Ethiopia, and early hominid dental evolution (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-03-06
    Description: Late Miocene fossil hominid teeth recovered from Ethiopia's Middle Awash are assigned to Ardipithecus kadabba. Their primitive morphology and wear pattern demonstrate that A. kadabba is distinct from Ardipithecus ramidus. These fossils suggest that the last common ancestor of apes and humans had a functionally honing canine-third premolar complex. Comparison with teeth of Sahelanthropus and Orrorin, the two other named late Miocene hominid genera, implies that these putative taxa are very similar to A. kadabba. It is therefore premature to posit extensive late Miocene hominid diversity on the basis of currently available samples.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haile-Selassie, Yohannes -- Suwa, Gen -- White, Tim D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 5;303(5663):1503-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cleveland Museum of Natural History, 1 Wade Oval Drive, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. yhailese@cmnh.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15001775" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bicuspid/*anatomy & histology ; *Biological Evolution ; Cuspid/*anatomy & histology ; Dental Enamel/anatomy & histology ; Dentition ; Ethiopia ; *Fossils ; *Hominidae/anatomy & histology/classification ; Humans ; Paleodontology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    KCNQ1 gain-of-function mutation in familial atrial fibrillation (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-01-11
    Description: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cardiac arrhythmia whose molecular etiology is poorly understood. We studied a family with hereditary persistent AF and identified the causative mutation (S140G) in the KCNQ1 (KvLQT1) gene on chromosome 11p15.5. The KCNQ1 gene encodes the pore-forming alpha subunit of the cardiac I(Ks) channel (KCNQ1/KCNE1), the KCNQ1/KCNE2 and the KCNQ1/KCNE3 potassium channels. Functional analysis of the S140G mutant revealed a gain-of-function effect on the KCNQ1/KCNE1 and the KCNQ1/KCNE2 currents, which contrasts with the dominant negative or loss-of-function effects of the KCNQ1 mutations previously identified in patients with long QT syndrome. Thus, the S140G mutation is likely to initiate and maintain AF by reducing action potential duration and effective refractory period in atrial myocytes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Yi-Han -- Xu, Shi-Jie -- Bendahhou, Said -- Wang, Xiao-Liang -- Wang, Ying -- Xu, Wen-Yuan -- Jin, Hong-Wei -- Sun, Hao -- Su, Xiao-Yan -- Zhuang, Qi-Nan -- Yang, Yi-Qing -- Li, Yue-Bin -- Liu, Yi -- Xu, Hong-Ju -- Li, Xiao-Fei -- Ma, Ning -- Mou, Chun-Ping -- Chen, Zhu -- Barhanin, Jacques -- Huang, Wei -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jan 10;299(5604):251-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, and Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, 399 Xin Cun Road, Shanghai 200065, People's Republic of China. drchen@public7.sta.net.cn〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12522251" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Atrial Fibrillation/*genetics/physiopathology ; COS Cells ; Child ; China ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Haplotypes ; Heart Atria/physiopathology ; Heart Ventricles/physiopathology ; Humans ; KCNQ Potassium Channels ; KCNQ1 Potassium Channel ; Lod Score ; Long QT Syndrome/genetics/physiopathology ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; *Mutation, Missense ; Myocytes, Cardiac/*physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Pedigree ; Potassium Channels/*genetics/physiology ; *Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated
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    Gated visual input to the central auditory system (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-31
    Description: The central auditory system translates sound localization cues into a map of space guided, in part, by visual experience. In barn owls, this process takes place in the external nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICX). However, to date, no trace of visual activity has been observed in this auditory nucleus. Here we show that strong visual responses, which are appropriate to guide auditory plasticity, appear in the ICX when inhibition is blocked in the optic tectum. Thus, visual spatial information is gated into the auditory system by an inhibitory mechanism that operates at a higher level in the brain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gutfreund, Yoram -- Zheng, Weimin -- Knudsen, Eric I -- DC 00155-2/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 30;297(5586):1556-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. yoram@stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12202831" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acoustic Stimulation ; Animals ; Auditory Pathways/physiology ; Auditory Perception/drug effects/*physiology ; Bicuculline/pharmacology ; Brain Mapping ; Inferior Colliculi/physiology ; Models, Neurological ; Neural Inhibition/physiology ; Photic Stimulation ; Space Perception/drug effects/*physiology ; Strigiformes ; Superior Colliculi/physiology ; Visual Pathways/physiology ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Isolation and characterization of viruses related to the SARS coronavirus from animals in southern China (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-09-06
    Description: A novel coronavirus (SCoV) is the etiological agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). SCoV-like viruses were isolated from Himalayan palm civets found in a live-animal market in Guangdong, China. Evidence of virus infection was also detected in other animals (including a raccoon dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides) and in humans working at the same market. All the animal isolates retain a 29-nucleotide sequence that is not found in most human isolates. The detection of SCoV-like viruses in small, live wild mammals in a retail market indicates a route of interspecies transmission, although the natural reservoir is not known.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guan, Y -- Zheng, B J -- He, Y Q -- Liu, X L -- Zhuang, Z X -- Cheung, C L -- Luo, S W -- Li, P H -- Zhang, L J -- Guan, Y J -- Butt, K M -- Wong, K L -- Chan, K W -- Lim, W -- Shortridge, K F -- Yuen, K Y -- Peiris, J S M -- Poon, L L M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 10;302(5643):276-8. Epub 2003 Sep 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, University Pathology Building, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China. yguan@hkucc.hku.hk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12958366" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Animals, Wild/*virology ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; Blotting, Western ; Carnivora/*virology ; China ; Coronavirus/classification/genetics/immunology/*isolation & purification ; Coronavirus Infections/veterinary/virology ; Disease Reservoirs ; Feces/virology ; Genome, Viral ; Humans ; Membrane Glycoproteins/chemistry/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neutralization Tests ; Nose/virology ; Open Reading Frames/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; SARS Virus/classification/genetics/immunology/*isolation & purification ; Sequence Deletion ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; Viral Envelope Proteins/chemistry/genetics ; Viral Proteins/chemistry/genetics
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    Hematopoietic cell regulation by Rac1 and Rac2 guanosine triphosphatases (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-10-18
    Description: The Rho guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) Rac1 and Rac2 are critical signaling regulators in mammalian cells. The deletion of both Rac1 and Rac2 murine alleles leads to a massive egress of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSC/Ps) into the blood from the marrow, whereas Rac1-/- but not Rac2-/- HSC/Ps fail to engraft in the bone marrow of irradiated recipient mice. In contrast, Rac2, but not Rac1, regulates superoxide production and directed migration in neutrophils, and in each cell type, the two GTPases play distinct roles in actin organization, cell survival, and proliferation. Thus, Rac1 and Rac2 regulate unique aspects of hematopoietic development and function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gu, Yi -- Filippi, Marie-Dominique -- Cancelas, Jose A -- Siefring, Jamie E -- Williams, Emily P -- Jasti, Aparna C -- Harris, Chad E -- Lee, Andrew W -- Prabhakar, Rethinasamy -- Atkinson, Simon J -- Kwiatkowski, David J -- Williams, David A -- DK62757/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 17;302(5644):445-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Experimental Hematology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14564009" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/metabolism ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Movement ; Cell Size ; Colony-Forming Units Assay ; Cyclin D1/metabolism ; Fibronectins/metabolism ; Hematopoiesis ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred NOD ; Mice, SCID ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Neutrophils/*physiology ; *Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; Recombination, Genetic ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cell Factor/pharmacology ; Superoxides/metabolism ; rac GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; rac1 GTP-Binding Protein/genetics/*metabolism
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    Pattern of marine mass extinction near the Permian-Triassic boundary in South China (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-07-21
    Description: The Meishan section across the Permian-Triassic boundary in South China is the most thoroughly investigated in the world. A statistical analysis of the occurrences of 162 genera and 333 species confirms a sudden extinction event at 251.4 million years ago, coincident with a dramatic depletion of delta13C(carbonate) and an increase in microspherules.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jin, Y G -- Wang, Y -- Wang, W -- Shang, Q H -- Cao, C Q -- Erwin, D H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jul 21;289(5478):432-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Academia Sinica, Nanjing 210008, China. ygjin@public1.ptt.js.cn〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10903200" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; China ; *Eukaryota ; *Fishes ; *Fossils ; Geologic Sediments ; *Invertebrates ; *Marine Biology
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    Regulation of the different chromatin states of autosomes and X chromosomes in the germ line of C. elegans (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-22
    Description: The Maternal-Effect Sterile (MES) proteins are essential for germline viability in Caenorhabditis elegans. Here, we report that MES-4, a SET-domain protein, binds to the autosomes but not to the X chromosomes. MES-2, MES-3, and MES-6 are required to exclude MES-4 and markers of active chromatin from the X chromosomes. These findings strengthen the emerging view that in the C. elegans germ line, the X chromosomes differ in chromatin state from the autosomes and are generally silenced. We propose that all four MES proteins participate in X-chromosome silencing, and that the role of MES-4 is to exclude repressors from the autosomes, thus enabling efficient repression of the Xs.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2435369/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2435369/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fong, Youyi -- Bender, Laurel -- Wang, Wenchao -- Strome, Susan -- GM34059/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM034059/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM034059-16/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 21;296(5576):2235-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12077420" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/embryology/*genetics/metabolism ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Chromatin/*metabolism ; Chromosomes/metabolism ; Disorders of Sex Development ; Dosage Compensation, Genetic ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; *Gene Silencing ; Germ Cells/*metabolism ; Histones/metabolism ; Male ; Mitosis ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Oocytes/metabolism ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; X Chromosome/*metabolism ; Zinc Fingers
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    Paleontology. China issues rules on fossil excavation (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ding, Yimin -- Lei, Xiong -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 20;297(5589):1981.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12242420" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; China ; *Fossils ; Paleontology/*legislation & jurisprudence
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    Paleontology. China regains fossils seized in California (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ding, Yimin -- Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 28;296(5577):2311.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12089412" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; California ; China ; Crime ; Dinosaurs ; Echinodermata ; Fishes ; *Fossils ; Reptiles
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    Role of prostacyclin in the cardiovascular response to thromboxane A2 (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-20
    Description: Thromboxane (Tx) A2 is a vasoconstrictor and platelet agonist. Aspirin affords cardioprotection through inhibition of TxA2 formation by platelet cyclooxygenase (COX-1). Prostacyclin (PGI2) is a vasodilator that inhibits platelet function. Here we show that injury-induced vascular proliferation and platelet activation are enhanced in mice that are genetically deficient in the PGI2 receptor (IP) but are depressed in mice genetically deficient in the TxA2 receptor (TP) or treated with a TP antagonist. The augmented response to vascular injury was abolished in mice deficient in both receptors. Thus, PGI2 modulates platelet-vascular interactions in vivo and specifically limits the response to TxA2. This interplay may help explain the adverse cardiovascular effects associated with selective COX-2 inhibitors, which, unlike aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), inhibit PGI2 but not TxA2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cheng, Yan -- Austin, Sandra C -- Rocca, Bianca -- Koller, Beverly H -- Coffman, Thomas M -- Grosser, Tilo -- Lawson, John A -- FitzGerald, Garret A -- HL 54500/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL 62250/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 19;296(5567):539-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Experimental Therapeutics, 153 Johnson Pavilion, 3620 Hamilton Walk, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6084, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11964481" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid/pharmacology ; Animals ; *Carotid Artery Injuries/pathology ; Carotid Artery, Common/cytology/drug effects/physiology ; Cell Division ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors ; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Endothelium, Vascular/cytology/drug effects/*physiology ; Epoprostenol/metabolism/*physiology ; Humans ; Isoenzymes/antagonists & inhibitors ; Lactones/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Male ; Membrane Proteins ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology/drug effects/physiology ; Naphthalenes ; *Platelet Activation/drug effects ; Platelet Aggregation/drug effects ; Propionates ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases ; Receptors, Epoprostenol ; Receptors, Prostaglandin/physiology ; Receptors, Thromboxane/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/physiology ; Sulfones ; Tetrahydronaphthalenes/pharmacology ; Thromboxane A2/*physiology ; Tunica Intima/cytology
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    Soluble adenylyl cyclase as an evolutionarily conserved bicarbonate sensor (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-08-01
    Description: Spermatozoa undergo a poorly understood activation process induced by bicarbonate and mediated by cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP). It has been assumed that bicarbonate mediates its effects through changes in intracellular pH or membrane potential; however, we demonstrate here that bicarbonate directly stimulates mammalian soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) activity in vivo and in vitro in a pH-independent manner. sAC is most similar to adenylyl cyclases from cyanobacteria, and bicarbonate regulation of cyclase activity is conserved in these early forms of life. sAC is also expressed in other bicarbonate-responsive tissues, which suggests that bicarbonate regulation of cAMP signaling plays a fundamental role in many biological systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Y -- Cann, M J -- Litvin, T N -- Iourgenko, V -- Sinclair, M L -- Levin, L R -- Buck, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jul 28;289(5479):625-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10915626" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenylyl Cyclases/chemistry/genetics/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Animals ; Bicarbonates/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Catalytic Domain ; Cell Line ; Cyanobacteria/enzymology ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Evolution, Molecular ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Male ; Phylogeny ; Rats ; Recombinant Proteins/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Second Messenger Systems ; Signal Transduction ; Solubility ; Sperm Capacitation ; Spermatozoa/enzymology/*metabolism/physiology ; Testis/metabolism
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    Microbiology. Scientist pleads guilty of receiving illegally imported avian flu virus (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2004-09-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bhattacharjee, Yudhijit -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 24;305(5692):1886.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15448232" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chickens ; Commerce/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Crime ; Humans ; *Influenza A virus ; Licensure ; Microbiology/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Saudi Arabia ; United States
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    Influence of gene action across different time scales on behavior (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-27
    Description: Genes can affect natural behavioral variation in different ways. Allelic variation causes alternative behavioral phenotypes, whereas changes in gene expression can influence the initiation of behavior at different ages. We show that the age-related transition by honey bees from hive work to foraging is associated with an increase in the expression of the foraging (for) gene, which encodes a guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKG). cGMP treatment elevated PKG activity and caused foraging behavior. Previous research showed that allelic differences in PKG expression result in two Drosophila foraging variants. The same gene can thus exert different types of influence on a behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ben-Shahar, Y -- Robichon, A -- Sokolowski, M B -- Robinson, G E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 26;296(5568):741-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Entomology, Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 320 Morrill Hall, 505 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11976457" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; *Alleles ; Animals ; Appetitive Behavior ; Bees/*genetics/*physiology ; *Behavior, Animal ; Brain/metabolism ; Cyclic GMP/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/*genetics/metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drosophila/genetics/physiology ; Feeding Behavior ; Gene Expression Profiling ; *Genes, Insect ; Hierarchy, Social ; In Situ Hybridization ; Mushroom Bodies/metabolism ; Phenotype ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Social Behavior ; Up-Regulation
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Comment on "Network motifs: simple building blocks of complex networks" and "Superfamilies of evolved and designed networks" (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-08-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Artzy-Randrup, Yael -- Fleishman, Sarel J -- Ben-Tal, Nir -- Stone, Lewi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 20;305(5687):1107; author reply 1107.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biomathematics Unit, Department of ZoologyTel Aviv UniversityRamat Aviv, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15326338" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Caenorhabditis elegans/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Food Chain ; Internet ; Mathematics ; *Models, Biological ; *Models, Theoretical ; Nerve Net/physiology ; Probability ; *Systems Theory ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 77
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    Cell cycle. A trigger for centrosome duplication (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arlot-Bonnemains, Yannick -- Prigent, Claude -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 18;295(5554):455-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Groupe Cycle Cellulaire, UMR 6061 Genetique et Developpement, CNRS-Universite de Rennes I, IFR 97 Genomique Fonctionnelle et Sante, Faculte de Medecine, CS 34317, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11799231" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blastocyst/metabolism ; *CDC2-CDC28 Kinases ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2 ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Calmodulin/metabolism ; Cell Extracts ; Centrosome/drug effects/*metabolism ; Cyclin E/metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinases/metabolism ; DNA Replication/drug effects ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/cytology/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Hydroxyurea/pharmacology ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; Ovum/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; *S Phase/drug effects ; Xenopus ; Xenopus Proteins/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 78
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Separation and Detection of Metal Ions in Ecological Samples by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis with Indirect UV Detection (2000)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 23 (2000), S. 511-514 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: CZE ; indirect UV detection ; metal ions ; ecological samples ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---No abstract
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 79
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Capillary Electrochromatography with Monolithic Poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene-co-methacrylic acid) as the Stationary Phase (2000)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 23 (2000), S. 67-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary electrochromatography ; monolithic column ; electroosmotic flow ; retention mechanism ; aromatic compound ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new kind of monolithic capillary electrochromatography column with poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene-co-methacrylic acid) as the stationary phase has been developed. The stationary phase was found to be porous by scanning electron microscopy and the composition of the continuous bed was proved by IR spectroscopy to be the ternary polymer of styrene, divinylbenzene, and methacrylic acid. The effects of operating parameters, such as voltage, electrolyte, and organic modifier concentration in the mobile phase on electroosmotic flow were studied systematically. The retention mechanism of neutral solutes on such a column proved to be similar to that of reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. In addition, fast analyses of phenols, chlorobenzenes, anilines, isomeric compounds of phenylenediamine and alkylbenzenes within 4.5 min were achieved.
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  • 80
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    A single-molecule study of RNA catalysis and folding (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-06-17
    Description: Using fluorescence microscopy, we studied the catalysis by and folding of individual Tetrahymena thermophila ribozyme molecules. The dye-labeled and surface-immobilized ribozymes used were shown to be functionally indistinguishable from the unmodified free ribozyme in solution. A reversible local folding step in which a duplex docks and undocks from the ribozyme core was observed directly in single-molecule time trajectories, allowing the determination of the rate constants and characterization of the transition state. A rarely populated docked state, not measurable by ensemble methods, was observed. In the overall folding process, intermediate folding states and multiple folding pathways were observed. In addition to observing previously established folding pathways, a pathway with an observed folding rate constant of 1 per second was discovered. These results establish single-molecule fluorescence as a powerful tool for examining RNA folding.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhuang, X -- Bartley, L E -- Babcock, H P -- Russell, R -- Ha, T -- Herschlag, D -- Chu, S -- GM49423/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jun 16;288(5473):2048-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4060, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10856219" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biotinylation ; Carbocyanines ; Catalysis ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Guanosine/metabolism ; Kinetics ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Models, Molecular ; *Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Oligoribonucleotides/metabolism ; RNA, Catalytic/*chemistry/*metabolism ; RNA, Protozoan/*chemistry/metabolism ; Tetrahymena thermophila
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    Tryptophan hydroxylase-2 controls brain serotonin synthesis (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-07-13
    Description: Dysregulation of brain serotonin contributes to many psychiatric disorders. Tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (Tph2), rather than Tph1, is preferentially expressed in the brain. We report a functional (C1473G) single-nucleotide polymorphism in mouse Tph2 that results in the substitution of Pro447 with Arg447 and leads to decreased serotonin levels in PC12 cells. Moreover, in BALB/cJ and DBA/2 mice that are homozygous for the 1473G allele, brain serotonin tissue content and synthesis are reduced in comparison to C57Bl/6 and 129X1/SvJ mice that are homozygous for the 1473C allele. Our data provide direct evidence for a fundamental role of Tph2 in brain serotonin synthesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Xiaodong -- Beaulieu, Jean-Martin -- Sotnikova, Tatyana D -- Gainetdinov, Raul R -- Caron, Marc G -- MH60451/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 9;305(5681):217.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, and Center for Models of Human Disease, Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Box 3287, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15247473" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Brain/*metabolism ; Brain Stem/metabolism ; Corpus Striatum/metabolism ; Frontal Lobe/metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Molecular Sequence Data ; PC12 Cells ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Rats ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Serotonin/*biosynthesis ; Transfection ; Tryptophan Hydroxylase/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Induction of APOBEC3G ubiquitination and degradation by an HIV-1 Vif-Cul5-SCF complex (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-10-18
    Description: Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) Vif is essential for viral evasion of host antiviral factor CEM15/APOBEC3G. We report that Vif interacts with cellular proteins Cul5, elongins B and C, and Rbx1 to form an Skp1-cullin-F-box (SCF)-like complex. The ability of Vif to suppress antiviral activity of APOBEC3G was specifically dependent on Cul5-SCF function, allowing Vif to interact with APOBEC3G and induce its ubiquitination and degradation. A Vif mutant that interacted with APOBEC3G but not with Cul5-SCF was functionally inactive. The Cul5-SCF was also required for Vif function in distantly related simian immunodeficiency virus mac. These results indicate that the conserved Cul5-SCF pathway used by Vif is a potential target for antiviral development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yu, Xianghui -- Yu, Yunkai -- Liu, Bindong -- Luo, Kun -- Kong, Wei -- Mao, Panyong -- Yu, Xiao-Fang -- 1S10-RR14702/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Nov 7;302(5647):1056-60. Epub 2003 Oct 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14564014" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cullin Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cytidine Deaminase ; Gene Products, vif/genetics/*metabolism ; HIV-1/genetics/*physiology ; Humans ; Mutation ; Nucleoside Deaminases ; Proteins/*metabolism ; Repressor Proteins ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Transfection ; Ubiquitin/*metabolism ; Virus Replication ; vif Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Mechanisms of AIF-mediated apoptotic DNA degradation in Caenorhabditis elegans (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-26
    Description: Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), a mitochondrial oxidoreductase, is released into the cytoplasm to induce cell death in response to apoptotic signals. However, the mechanisms underlying this process have not been resolved. We report that inactivation of the Caenorhabditis elegans AIF homolog wah-1 by RNA interference delayed the normal progression of apoptosis and caused a defect in apoptotic DNA degradation. WAH-1 localized in C. elegans mitochondria and was released into the cytosol and nucleus by the BH3-domain protein EGL-1 in a caspase (CED-3)-dependent manner. In addition, WAH-1 associated and cooperated with the mitochondrial endonuclease CPS-6/endonuclease G (EndoG) to promote DNA degradation and apoptosis. Thus, AIF and EndoG define a single, mitochondria-initiated apoptotic DNA degradation pathway that is conserved between C. elegans and mammals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, Xiaochen -- Yang, Chonglin -- Chai, Jijie -- Shi, Yigong -- Xue, Ding -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 22;298(5598):1587-92.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12446902" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Apoptosis ; Apoptosis Inducing Factor ; Caenorhabditis elegans/cytology/embryology/genetics/*physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*physiology ; Caspases/metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cell Survival ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cytosol/metabolism ; *DNA Fragmentation ; DNA, Helminth/*metabolism ; Endodeoxyribonucleases/metabolism ; Flavoproteins/physiology ; Humans ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Membrane Proteins/physiology ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Mitochondrial Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; RNA Interference ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Repressor Proteins/metabolism ; Sequence Alignment
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Cell corpse engulfment mediated by C. elegans phosphatidylserine receptor through CED-5 and CED-12 (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-12-04
    Description: During apoptosis, phosphatidylserine, which is normally restricted to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane, is exposed on the surface of apoptotic cells and has been suggested to act as an "eat-me" signal to trigger phagocytosis. It is unclear how phagocytes recognize phosphatidylserine. Recently, a putative phosphatidylserine receptor (PSR) was identified and proposed to mediate recognition of phosphatidylserine and phagocytosis. We report that psr-1, the Caenorhabditis elegans homolog of PSR, is important for cell corpse engulfment. In vitro PSR-1 binds preferentially phosphatidylserine or cells with exposed phosphatidylserine. In C. elegans, PSR-1 acts in the same cell corpse engulfment pathway mediated by intracellular signaling molecules CED-2 (homologous to the human CrkII protein), CED-5 (DOCK180), CED-10 (Rac GTPase), and CED-12 (ELMO), possibly through direct interaction with CED-5 and CED-12. Our findings suggest that PSR-1 is likely an upstream receptor for the signaling pathway containing CED-2, CED-5, CED-10, and CED-12 proteins and plays an important role in recognizing phosphatidylserine during phagocytosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, Xiaochen -- Wu, Yi-Chun -- Fadok, Valerie A -- Lee, Ming-Chia -- Gengyo-Ando, Keiko -- Cheng, Li-Chun -- Ledwich, Duncan -- Hsu, Pei-Ken -- Chen, Jia-Yun -- Chou, Bin-Kuan -- Henson, Peter -- Mitani, Shohei -- Xue, Ding -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Nov 28;302(5650):1563-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14645848" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Apoptosis ; Caenorhabditis elegans/cytology/embryology/metabolism/*physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; *Cytoskeletal Proteins ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/cytology/metabolism ; Embryonic Development ; Humans ; Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; *Phagocytosis ; Phosphatidylserines/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; rac GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism
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  • 85
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    Germline stem cells anchored by adherens junctions in the Drosophila ovary niches (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-08
    Description: How stem cells are recruited to and maintained in their niches is crucial to understanding their regulation and use in regenerative medicine. Here, we demonstrate that DE-cadherin-mediated cell adhesion is required for anchoring germline stem cells (GSCs) in their niches in the Drosophila ovary. Two major components of this adhesion process, DE-cadherin and Armadillo/beta-catenin, accumulate at high levels in the junctions between GSCs and cap cells, one of the niche components. Removal of these proteins from GSCs results in stem cell loss. Furthermore, DE-cadherin is required for recruiting GSCs to their niche. Our study demonstrates that anchorage of GSCs in their niche by DE-cadherin-mediated adhesion is important for stem cell maintenance and function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Song, Xiaoqing -- Zhu, Chun-Hong -- Doan, Chuong -- Xie, Ting -- 1R01 GM64428-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD 17608/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 7;296(5574):1855-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12052957" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adherens Junctions/*physiology ; Alleles ; Animals ; Armadillo Domain Proteins ; Cadherins/genetics/*physiology ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Differentiation ; Drosophila/cytology/genetics/growth & development/*physiology ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Female ; Insect Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Larva/physiology ; Mutation ; Oocytes/*cytology/physiology/ultrastructure ; Ovary/cytology/growth & development/physiology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells/cytology/*physiology/ultrastructure ; *Trans-Activators ; Transcription Factors ; Wnt1 Protein
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    Preventing AIDS but not HIV-1 infection with a DNA vaccine (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: Although there has been some success in treating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients with triple drug therapy (highly active antiretroviral therapy or HAART), the best hope for combating AIDS (the disease caused by HIV) could be a combination of drug therapy and vaccination, according to Shen and Siliciano in their Perspective. A new study in rhesus monkeys treated with a DNA vaccine (Barouch et al.) demonstrates that a powerful vaccine-induced CD8(+) cytolytic T cell response reduces the amount of virus in the blood to very low levels preventing the drastic decrease in CD4(+) T helper cells and subsequent immunodeficiency. As the Perspective authors explain, vaccinating HIV patients that are receiving HAART may enable HIV levels to be permanently brought under control such that the drug treatment can eventually be stopped.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shen, X -- Siliciano, R F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Oct 20;290(5491):463-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11183769" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Vaccines/*therapeutic use ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*prevention & control ; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Disease Progression ; HIV Antibodies/immunology ; HIV Infections/immunology/*therapy/virology ; *HIV-1/genetics/immunology/physiology ; Humans ; Interleukin-2/genetics/immunology/therapeutic use ; Macaca mulatta ; Neutralization Tests ; SAIDS Vaccines/therapeutic use ; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology/therapy/virology ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/genetics/immunology/physiology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology ; Vaccination ; Vaccines, DNA/*therapeutic use ; Viral Load ; Viremia ; Virus Replication
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  • 87
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    G protein-coupled receptor-dependent development of human frontal cortex (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-03-27
    Description: The mammalian cerebral cortex is characterized by complex patterns of anatomical and functional areas that differ markedly between species, but the molecular basis for this functional subdivision is largely unknown. Here, we show that mutations in GPR56, which encodes an orphan G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) with a large extracellular domain, cause a human brain cortical malformation called bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria (BFPP). BFPP is characterized by disorganized cortical lamination that is most severe in frontal cortex. Our data suggest that GPCR signaling plays an essential role in regional development of human cerebral cortex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Piao, Xianhua -- Hill, R Sean -- Bodell, Adria -- Chang, Bernard S -- Basel-Vanagaite, Lina -- Straussberg, Rachel -- Dobyns, William B -- Qasrawi, Bassam -- Winter, Robin M -- Innes, A Micheil -- Voit, Thomas -- Ross, M Elizabeth -- Michaud, Jacques L -- Descarie, Jean-Claude -- Barkovich, A James -- Walsh, Christopher A -- HD07466/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- K08 NS045762-01A1/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R37 NS35129/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 26;303(5666):2033-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15044805" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Antisense Elements (Genetics) ; Biological Evolution ; Body Patterning ; Cerebral Cortex/*abnormalities/embryology ; Cerebral Ventricles/cytology/embryology ; Female ; Frameshift Mutation ; Frontal Lobe/*abnormalities/embryology ; Gene Order ; Humans ; Ligands ; Male ; Mice ; Mutation, Missense ; Neurons/physiology ; Parietal Lobe/abnormalities/embryology ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Sequence Deletion ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells/physiology
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  • 88
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    Regulation of cell fate decision of undifferentiated spermatogonia by GDNF (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-02-26
    Description: The molecular control of self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells has remained enigmatic. Transgenic loss-of-function and overexpression models now show that the dosage of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), produced by Sertoli cells, regulates cell fate decisions of undifferentiated spermatogonial cells that include the stem cells for spermatogenesis. Gene-targeted mice with one GDNF-null allele show depletion of stem cell reserves, whereas mice overexpressing GDNF show accumulation of undifferentiated spermatogonia. They are unable to respond properly to differentiation signals and undergo apoptosis upon retinoic acid treatment. Nonmetastatic testicular tumors are regularly formed in older GDNF-overexpressing mice. Thus, GDNF contributes to paracrine regulation of spermatogonial self-renewal and differentiation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meng, X -- Lindahl, M -- Hyvonen, M E -- Parvinen, M -- de Rooij, D G -- Hess, M W -- Raatikainen-Ahokas, A -- Sainio, K -- Rauvala, H -- Lakso, M -- Pichel, J G -- Westphal, H -- Saarma, M -- Sariola, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Feb 25;287(5457):1489-93.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Research Programs of Developmental Biology, Molecular Neurobiology, Electron Microscopy Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, Viikki Biocenter, Finland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10688798" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects ; Cobalt/metabolism ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Gene Targeting ; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Receptors ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mitosis ; *Nerve Growth Factors ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics/metabolism ; Sertoli Cells/cytology/physiology ; *Spermatogenesis ; Spermatogonia/*cytology/drug effects ; Stem Cells/*cytology ; Testicular Neoplasms/pathology ; Testis/anatomy & histology ; Vitamin A/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 89
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    Tissue-specific regulation of retinal and pituitary precursor cell proliferation (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-07-20
    Description: Mammalian organogenesis requires the expansion of pluripotent precursor cells before the subsequent determination of specific cell types, but the tissue-specific molecular mechanisms that regulate the initial expansion of primordial cells remain poorly defined. We have genetically established that Six6 homeodomain factor, acting as a strong tissue-specific repressor, regulates early progenitor cell proliferation during mammalian retinogenesis and pituitary development. Six6, in association with Dach corepressors, regulates proliferation by directly repressing cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, including the p27Kip1 promoter. These data reveal a molecular mechanism by which a tissue-specific transcriptional repressor-corepressor complex can provide an organ-specific strategy for physiological expansion of precursor populations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Xue -- Perissi, Valentina -- Liu, Forrest -- Rose, David W -- Rosenfeld, Michael G -- 484/B/Telethon/Italy -- 5F32DK09814/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 16;297(5584):1180-3. Epub 2002 Jul 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, Room 345, La Jolla, CA 92093-0648, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12130660" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; *Cell Division ; Cell Line ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27 ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors ; Embryo, Mammalian/cytology ; Eye Proteins/metabolism ; Homeodomain Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; Organ Specificity ; Pituitary Gland/*cytology/embryology ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Repressor Proteins/metabolism ; Retina/*cytology/embryology ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/cytology/physiology ; Stem Cells/*physiology ; Trans-Activators/*genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Up-Regulation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 90
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    Correlated bursts of activity in the neonatal hippocampus in vivo (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-18
    Description: The behavior of immature cortical networks in vivo remains largely unknown. Using multisite extracellular and patch-clamp recordings, we observed recurrent bursts of synchronized neuronal activity lasting 0.5 to 3 seconds that occurred spontaneously in the hippocampus of freely moving and anesthetized rat pups. The influence of slow rhythms (0.33 and 0.1 hertz) and the contribution of both gamma-aminobutyric acid A-mediated and glutamate receptor-mediated synaptic signals in the generation of hippocampal bursts was reminiscent of giant depolarizing potentials observed in vitro. This earliest pattern, which diversifies during the second postnatal week, could provide correlated activity for immature neurons and may underlie activity-dependent maturation of the hippocampal network.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leinekugel, Xavier -- Khazipov, Rustem -- Cannon, Robert -- Hirase, Hajime -- Ben-Ari, Yehezkel -- Buzsaki, Gyorgy -- FO6 TW02290/TW/FIC NIH HHS/ -- N0T 43994/PHS HHS/ -- NS 34994/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 43157/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- RR09754/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 14;296(5575):2049-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉INMED, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) U29, Avenue de Luminy, Boite Postale 13, 13273 Marseille Cedex 09, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12065842" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Evoked Potentials ; Hippocampus/*physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Pyramidal Cells/physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, GABA-A/physiology ; Receptors, Glutamate/physiology ; Synapses/physiology ; Synaptic Transmission ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/physiology
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  • 91
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    Structure of nerve growth factor complexed with the shared neurotrophin receptor p75 (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-05-08
    Description: Neurotrophins are secreted growth factors critical for the development and maintenance of the vertebrate nervous system. Neurotrophins activate two types of cell surface receptors, the Trk receptor tyrosine kinases and the shared p75 neurotrophin receptor. We have determined the 2.4 A crystal structure of the prototypic neurotrophin, nerve growth factor (NGF), complexed with the extracellular domain of p75. Surprisingly, the complex is composed of an NGF homodimer asymmetrically bound to a single p75. p75 binds along the homodimeric interface of NGF, which disables NGF's symmetry-related second p75 binding site through an allosteric conformational change. Thus, neurotrophin signaling through p75 may occur by disassembly of p75 dimers and assembly of asymmetric 2:1 neurotrophin/p75 complexes, which could potentially engage a Trk receptor to form a trimolecular signaling complex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉He, Xiao-Lin -- Garcia, K Christopher -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 7;304(5672):870-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, and Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Fairchild D319, 299 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5124, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15131306" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Allosteric Site ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Calorimetry ; Chromatography, Gel ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cysteine/chemistry ; Dimerization ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Lasers ; Ligands ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Nerve Growth Factor/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rats ; Receptor, Nerve Growth Factor ; Receptor, trkA/chemistry/metabolism ; Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Scattering, Radiation ; Signal Transduction ; Thermodynamics
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  • 92
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    Allosteric activation of a spring-loaded natriuretic peptide receptor dimer by hormone (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-05
    Description: Natriuretic peptides (NPs) are vasoactive cyclic-peptide hormones important in blood pressure regulation through interaction with natriuretic cell-surface receptors. We report the hormone-binding thermodynamics and crystal structures at 2.9 and 2.0 angstroms, respectively, of the extracellular domain of the unliganded human NP receptor (NPR-C) and its complex with CNP, a 22-amino acid NP. A single CNP molecule is bound in the interface of an NPR-C dimer, resulting in asymmetric interactions between the hormone and the symmetrically related receptors. Hormone binding induces a 20 angstrom closure between the membrane-proximal domains of the dimer. In each monomer, the opening of an interdomain cleft, which is tethered together by a linker peptide acting as a molecular spring, is likely a conserved allosteric trigger for intracellular signaling by the natriuretic receptor family.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉He Xl -- Chow Dc -- Martick, M M -- Garcia, K C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 31;293(5535):1657-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Fairchild D319, 299 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 93405-5124, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11533490" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Allosteric Regulation ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Atrial Natriuretic Factor/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Calorimetry ; Cell Line ; Chlorides/metabolism ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Drosophila ; Glycosylation ; Guanylate Cyclase/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Ligands ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain/metabolism ; Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type/chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Thermodynamics
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  • 93
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    Transmembrane segments of syntaxin line the fusion pore of Ca2+-triggered exocytosis (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-03-16
    Description: The fusion pore of regulated exocytosis is a channel that connects and spans the vesicle and plasma membranes. The molecular composition of this important intermediate structure of exocytosis is unknown. Here, we found that mutations of some residues within the transmembrane segment of syntaxin (Syx), a plasma membrane protein essential for exocytosis, altered neurotransmitter flux through fusion pores and altered pore conductance. The residues that influenced fusion-pore flux lay along one face of an alpha-helical model. Thus, the fusion pore is formed at least in part by a circular arrangement of 5 to 8 Syx transmembrane segments in the plasma membrane.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Han, Xue -- Wang, Chih-Tien -- Bai, Jihong -- Chapman, Edwin R -- Jackson, Meyer B -- GM56827/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- MH61876/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS30016/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS44057/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 9;304(5668):289-92. Epub 2004 Mar 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, University of Wisconsin, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15016962" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane Structures/*chemistry/metabolism ; Electric Capacitance ; Electric Conductivity ; Electrophysiology ; *Exocytosis ; Membrane Fusion ; Membrane Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Neurons/*physiology ; Norepinephrine/metabolism ; PC12 Cells ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Qa-SNARE Proteins ; Rats ; Transfection
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  • 94
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    Protection from cardiac arrhythmia through ryanodine receptor-stabilizing protein calstabin2 (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-04-10
    Description: Ventricular arrhythmias can cause sudden cardiac death (SCD) in patients with normal hearts and in those with underlying disease such as heart failure. In animals with heart failure and in patients with inherited forms of exercise-induced SCD, depletion of the channel-stabilizing protein calstabin2 (FKBP12.6) from the ryanodine receptor-calcium release channel (RyR2) complex causes an intracellular Ca2+ leak that can trigger fatal cardiac arrhythmias. A derivative of 1,4-benzothiazepine (JTV519) increased the affinity of calstabin2 for RyR2, which stabilized the closed state of RyR2 and prevented the Ca2+ leak that triggers arrhythmias. Thus, enhancing the binding of calstabin2 to RyR2 may be a therapeutic strategy for common ventricular arrhythmias.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wehrens, Xander H T -- Lehnart, Stephan E -- Reiken, Steven R -- Deng, Shi-Xian -- Vest, John A -- Cervantes, Daniel -- Coromilas, James -- Landry, Donald W -- Marks, Andrew R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 9;304(5668):292-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15073377" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium-Transporting ATPases/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac/prevention & control ; Electric Stimulation ; Electrocardiography ; Heart/*drug effects/physiology ; Humans ; Isoproterenol/pharmacology ; Mice ; Myocardial Contraction ; Phosphorylation ; Physical Exertion ; Protein Binding ; Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel/*metabolism ; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism ; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases ; Tachycardia, Ventricular/metabolism/*prevention & control ; Tacrolimus Binding Proteins/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Thiazepines/*pharmacology/therapeutic use
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  • 95
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    A transcriptionally [correction of transcriptively] active complex of APP with Fe65 and histone acetyltransferase Tip60 (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-07-07
    Description: Amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP), a widely expressed cell-surface protein, is cleaved in the transmembrane region by gamma-secretase. gamma-Cleavage of APP produces the extracellular amyloid beta-peptide of Alzheimer's disease and releases an intracellular tail fragment of unknown physiological function. We now demonstrate that the cytoplasmic tail of APP forms a multimeric complex with the nuclear adaptor protein Fe65 and the histone acetyltransferase Tip60. This complex potently stimulates transcription via heterologous Gal4- or LexA-DNA binding domains, suggesting that release of the cytoplasmic tail of APP by gamma-cleavage may function in gene expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cao, X -- Sudhof, T C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 6;293(5527):115-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Center for Basic Neuroscience, Department of Molecular Genetics, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9111 USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11441186" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetyltransferases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases ; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Animals ; Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Cell Line ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Endopeptidases/metabolism ; Fungal Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Histone Acetyltransferases ; Humans ; Macromolecular Substances ; Mutation/genetics ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Peptide Fragments/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Plasmids/genetics ; Precipitin Tests ; Protein Binding ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Transport ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Serine Endopeptidases/genetics/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Transcriptional Activation ; Transfection ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Separation of Anthraquinones by Capillary Electrophoresis and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (2000)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 23 (2000), S. 143-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Analysis of anthraquinones ; capillary electrophoresis ; high-performance liquid chromatography ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---The separation and determination of twelve anthraquinones, viz. anthraquinone 1, chrysphanol 2, aloe-emodin 3, alizarin 4, anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid 5, purpurin 6, sennoside B 7, sennoside A 8, emodin 9, quinalizarin 10, rhein 11, and anthraflavic acid 12, were achieved by capillary electrophoresis (CE) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Detection at 260 nm with a buffer solution containing 30 mM sodium borate (adjusted to pH = 10.56 with 0.05N NaOH) and acetonitrile (9 : 1) in CE or with a linear gradient elution containing 20 mM KH2PO4 with 0.05% phosphoric acid (pH = 2.91) and methanol in HPLC was found to be the most suitable approach for this separation. Contents of six components (2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 11) in crude Rhei Rhizoma extract could easily be determined within 39 min by CE or 63 min by HPLC. The effects of buffers on this separation and the validation of the two methods were studied.
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  • 97
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    A transcriptional switch mediated by cofactor methylation (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-11-10
    Description: We describe a molecular switch based on the controlled methylation of nucleosome and the transcriptional cofactors, the CREB-binding proteins (CBP)/p300. The CBP/p300 methylation site is localized to an arginine residue that is essential for stabilizing the structure of the KIX domain, which mediates CREB recruitment. Methylation of KIX by coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1) blocks CREB activation by disabling the interaction between KIX and the kinase inducible domain (KID) of CREB. Thus, CARM1 functions as a corepressor in cyclic adenosine monophosphate signaling pathway via its methyltransferase activity while acting as a coactivator for nuclear hormones. These results provide strong in vivo and in vitro evidence that histone methylation plays a key role in hormone-induced gene activation and define cofactor methylation as a new regulatory mechanism in hormone signaling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xu, W -- Chen, H -- Du, K -- Asahara, H -- Tini, M -- Emerson, B M -- Montminy, M -- Evans, R M -- 9R01DK57978/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Dec 21;294(5551):2507-11. Epub 2001 Nov 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Gene Expression Laboratory, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Davis Cancer Center/Basic Science, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11701890" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetyltransferases/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Line ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/metabolism ; Dimerization ; E1A-Associated p300 Protein ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Reporter ; Histone Acetyltransferases ; Histones/metabolism ; Methylation ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nerve Growth Factor/pharmacology ; Nuclear Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; PC12 Cells ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases/*metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Retinoic Acid/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Retinoid X Receptors ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Signal Transduction ; Somatostatin/genetics ; Trans-Activators/chemistry/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Transcriptional Activation ; Transfection ; Tretinoin/metabolism/pharmacology
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  • 98
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    Cytoprotective role of Ca2+- activated K+ channels in the cardiac inner mitochondrial membrane (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-02
    Description: Ion channels on the mitochondrial inner membrane influence cell function in specific ways that can be detrimental or beneficial to cell survival. At least one type of potassium (K+) channel, the mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate-sensitive K+ channel (mitoKATP), is an important effector of protection against necrotic and apoptotic cell injury after ischemia. Here another channel with properties similar to the surface membrane calcium-activated K+ channel was found on the mitochondrial inner membrane (mitoKCa) of guinea pig ventricular cells. MitoKCa significantly contributed to mitochondrial K+ uptake of the myocyte, and an opener of mitoKCa protected hearts against infarction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xu, Wenhong -- Liu, Yongge -- Wang, Sheng -- McDonald, Todd -- Van Eyk, Jennifer E -- Sidor, Agnieszka -- O'Rourke, Brian -- NIHR01HL54598/HR/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 1;298(5595):1029-33.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Molecular Cardiobiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12411707" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Benzimidazoles/pharmacology ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Charybdotoxin/pharmacology ; *Cytoprotection ; Guinea Pigs ; Heart/physiology/physiopathology ; Hemodynamics ; Intracellular Membranes/*metabolism ; Ion Transport ; Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels ; Mitochondria, Heart/*metabolism ; Myocardial Infarction/*prevention & control ; Myocardial Ischemia/pathology/physiopathology ; Myocytes, Cardiac/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Potassium/*metabolism ; Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated/*metabolism
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  • 99
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    Endangered species. CITES puts off plan to hasten shipments (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-05-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Williams, W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Apr 28;288(5466):592.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10798989" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Wild ; *Commerce ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Developing Countries ; Ecosystem ; Europe ; *Plants ; *Research ; Specimen Handling ; United States
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  • 100
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    Nucleotide variation along the Drosophila melanogaster fourth chromosome (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-05
    Description: The Drosophila melanogaster fourth chromosome, believed to be nonrecombining and invariable, is a classic example of the effect of natural selection in eliminating genetic variation in linked loci. However, in a chromosome-wide assay of nucleotide variation in natural populations, we have observed a high level of polymorphism in a approximately 200-kilobase region and marked levels of polymorphism in several other fragments interspersed with regions of little variation, suggesting different evolutionary histories in different chromosomal domains. Statistical tests of neutral evolution showed that a few haplotypes predominate in the 200-kilobase polymorphic region. Finally, contrary to the expectation of no recombination, we identified six recombination events within the chromosome. Thus, positive Darwinian selection and recombination have affected the evolution of this chromosome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, Wen -- Thornton, Kevin -- Berry, Andrew -- Long, Manyuan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 4;295(5552):134-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolution, Committee on Genetics, University of Chicago, 1101 East 57 Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11778050" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Pairing ; Chromosome Inversion ; Chromosomes/*genetics ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; *Genes, Insect ; *Genetic Variation ; Haplotypes ; Introns ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Monte Carlo Method ; Mutation ; Nucleotides/genetics ; *Polymorphism, Genetic ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Selection, Genetic ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Trans-Activators/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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