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  • Springer Nature  (45,107)
  • Oxford University Press  (36,494)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (26,481)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science  (25,970)
  • Public Library of Science (PLoS)
  • 2000-2004  (134,052)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
Year
  • 1
    Unknown
    Thinking it through : an introduction to contemporary philosophy (2003)
    Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press
    Details
    Keywords: Philosophy, Introductions.
    Notes: Mind -- Knowledge -- Language -- Science -- Morality -- Politics -- Law -- Metaphysics -- Philosophy
    Pages: xviii, 412 p.
    ISBN: 0-19-518393-2
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=120898
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    E-Book (German National Licenses)
  • 2
    Unknown
    In defense of globalization (2004)
    New York : Oxford University Press
    Details
    Keywords: Anti-globalization movement. ; Globalization, Economic aspects. ; Globalization, Social aspects.
    Notes: I. Coping with anti-globalization -- 1. Anti-globalization: why? -- 2. Globalization: socially, not just economically, benign -- 3. Globalization is good but not good enough -- 4. Non-government organizations -- II. Globalization's human face: trade and corporations -- 5. Poverty: enhanced or diminished? -- 6. Child labor: increased or reduced? -- 7. Women: harmed or helped? -- 8. Democracy at bay? -- 9. Culture imperiled or enriched? -- 10. Wages and labor standards at stake? -- 11. Environment in peril? -- 12. Corporations: predatory or beneficial? -- III. Other dimensions of globalization -- 13. The perils of Gung-Ho International Financial capitalism -- 14. International flows of humanity -- IV. Appropriate governance: making globalization work better -- 15. Appropriate governance: an overview -- 16. Coping with downsides -- 17. Accelerating the achievement of social agendas -- 18. Managing transitions: optimal, not maximal, speed -- V. In conclusion -- 19. And so, let us begin anew
    Pages: xi, 308 p.
    ISBN: 0-19-530391-1
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=129267
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  • 3
    Unknown
    Handbook of affective sciences : Affective sciences (2003)
    Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press
    Series in affective science  
    Details
    Keywords: Affect (Psychology) ; Electronic books ; Emotions
    Pages: xvii, 1199 p.
    ISBN: 0-19-530205-2
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=129691
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  • 4
    Unknown
    Encounters with God : an approach to the theology of Jonathan Edwards (2000)
    New York : Oxford University Press
    Religion in America series  
    Details
    Keywords: Edwards, Jonathan,, 1703-1758.
    Pages: xii, 194 p.
    ISBN: 0-585-30895-0
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=23547
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  • 5
    Unknown
    Understanding truth (2000)
    New York : Oxford University Press
    Details
    Keywords: Truth.
    Pages: ix, 268 p.
    ISBN: 0-585-32455-7
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=23592
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  • 6
    Unknown
    American Lazarus : religion and the rise of African-American and native American literatures (2003)
    Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press
    Details
    Keywords: Occom, Samson,, 1723-1792. ; African Americans in literature. ; African Americans, Intellectual life. ; American literature, African American authors, History and criticism. ; American literature, Indian authors, History and criticism. ; American literature, 1783-1850, History and criticism. ; American literature, Colonial period, ca. 1600-1775, History and criticism. ; American literature, Revolution, 1775-1783, History and criticism. ; Christian literature, American, History and criticism. ; Christianity and literature, United States, History, 18th century. ; Hymns, English, United States, History and criticism. ; Indians in literature. ; Indians of North America, Intellectual life.
    Pages: vi, 255 p.
    ISBN: 0-19-518567-6
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=92702
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  • 7
    Unknown
    Welfare as we knew it : a political history of the American welfare state (2000)
    New York : Oxford University Press
    Details
    Keywords: United States, Social policy. ; Public welfare, United States, History.
    Pages: 210 p.
    ISBN: 0-585-35667-X
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=53587
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  • 8
    Unknown
    Memory and emotion (2004)
    Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press
    Series in affective science  
    Details
    Keywords: Autobiographical memory. ; Brain, physiology. ; Emotions. ; Emotions, physiology. ; Memory, physiology. ; Mental Disorders, psychology. ; Psychiatry. ; Psychophysiology.
    Notes: Memory for emotional events / Daniel Reisberg and Friderike Heuer -- The neuroanatomy of emotional memory in humans / Tony W. Buchanan and Ralph Adolphs -- The biopsychology of trauma and memory / Jessica D. Payne ... [et al.] -- Forgetting trauma? / Richard J. McNally, Susan A. Clancy, and Heidi M. Barrett -- Selective memory effects in anxiety disorders : an overview of research findings and their implications / Colin MacLeod and Andrew Mathews -- Memory for emotional and nonemotional events in depression : a question of habit? / Paula Hertel -- Emotion, memory, and conscious awareness in schizophrenia / Jean-Marie Danion ... [et al.] -- Children's memories of emotional events / Robyn Fivush and Jessica McDermott Sales -- Aging and emotional memory / Mara Mather -- Emotion and eyewitness memory / Robin S. Edelstein ... [et al.] -- Emotional memory in survivors of the Holocaust : a qualitative study of oral testimony / Robert N. Kraft
    Pages: xiv, 413 p.
    ISBN: 0-19-518650-8
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=121006
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  • 9
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    The Oxford dictionary of saints (2000)
    New York : Oxford University Press
    Oxford paperback reference  
    Details
    Keywords: Christian saints, Biography, Dictionaries. ; Christian saints, Great Britain, Biography, Dictionaries. ; Christian saints, Ireland, Biography, Dictionaries. ; Saints chrétiens, Biographies, Dictionnaires anglais. ; Saints chrétiens, Grande-Bretagne, Biographies, Dictionnaires anglais. ; Saints chrétiens, Irlande, Biographies, Dictionnaires anglais.
    Pages: xxv, 547 p.
    Edition: 4th ed
    ISBN: 0-585-11034-4
    URL: http://www.netlibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=12301
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  • 10
    Unknown
    Evangelicals and science in historical perspective (2000)
    New York : Oxford University Press
    Religion in America series  
    Details
    Keywords: Evangelicalism, History. ; Religion and science, History.
    Notes: The history of science and religion : some evangelical dimensions / John Hedley Brooke -- The Puritan thesis revisited / John Morgan -- Christianity and early modern science : the Foster thesis reconsidered / Edward B. Davis -- Science, theology, and society : from Cotton Mather to William Jennings Bryan / Mark A. Noll -- Science and evangelical theology in Britain from Wesley to Orr / David W. Bebbington -- Science, natural theology, and evangelicalism in early nineteenth-century Scotland : Thomas Chalmers and the Evidence controversy / Jonathan R. Topham -- Scriptural geology in America / Rodney L. Stiling -- Situating evangelical responses to evolution / David N. Livingstone -- Telling tales : evangelicals and the Darwin legend / James Moore -- Creating creationism : meanings and uses since the age of Agassiz / Ronald L. Numbers -- A sign for an unbelieving age : evangelicals and the search for Noah's ark / Larry Eskridge -- "The science of duty" : moral philosophy and the epistemology of science in nineteenth-century America / Allen C. Guelzo -- Toward a Christian social science in Canada, 1890-1930 / Michael Gauvreau and Nancy Christie -- Evangelicals, Biblical scholarship, and the politics of the modern American academy / D.G. Hart -- The meaning of science for Christians : a new dialogue on Olympus / George Marsden
    Pages: vi, 351 p.
    ISBN: 0-585-18275-2
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=23620
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  • 11
    Unknown
    When information came of age : technologies of knowledge in the age of reason and revolution, 1700-1850 (2000)
    Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press
    Details
    Keywords: Europe, Intellectual life, 18th century. ; Europe, Intellectual life, 19th century. ; Europe, Vie intellectuelle, 18e siècle. ; Europe, Vie intellectuelle, 19e siècle. ; Enlightenment. ; Information resources, Europe, History, 18th century. ; Information resources, Europe, History, 19th century. ; Learning and scholarship, Europe, History, 18th century. ; Learning and scholarship, Europe, History, 19th century. ; Savoir et érudition, Europe, Histoire, 18e siècle. ; Savoir et érudition, Europe, Histoire, 19e siècle. ; Siècle des lumières. ; Sources d'information, Europe, Histoire, 18e siècle. ; Sources d'information, Europe, Histoire, 19e siècle.
    Pages: viii, 246 p.
    ISBN: 0-19-518040-2
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=92690
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  • 12
    Unknown
    Studies in classical history and society (2002)
    Oxford [England] ; New York : Oxford University Press
    American classical studies  
    Details
    Keywords: Greece, History, To 146 B.C. ; Grèce, Histoire, Jusqu'à 146 av. J.-C. ; Rome, Histoire. ; Rome, History. ; Civilisation ancienne. ; Civilization, Classical.
    Pages: xi, 151 p.
    ISBN: 0-19-518490-4
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=121005
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  • 13
    Unknown
    Gendarmes and the state in nineteenth-century Europe (2000)
    Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press
    Details
    Keywords: Police, Europe, Histoire. ; Police, Europe, History. ; Police, Europe, History, 19th century. ; Police, France, Histoire. ; Police, France, History.
    Pages: x, 288 p.
    ISBN: 0-585-48633-6
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=100298
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  • 14
    Unknown
    Englishness identified : manners and character, 1650-1850 (2000)
    Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press
    Details
    Keywords: Angleterre, Mœurs et coutumes, 17e siècle. ; Angleterre, Mœurs et coutumes, 18e siècle. ; Angleterre, Mœurs et coutumes, 19e siècle. ; England, Social life and customs, 17th century. ; England, Social life and customs, 17th century. ; England, Social life and customs, 18th century. ; England, Social life and customs, 19th century. ; Anglais dans la littérature. ; Anglais, Histoire. ; English literature, History and criticism. ; Littérature anglaise, Histoire et critique. ; National characteristics, English, in literature. ; National characteristics, English, History.
    Notes: Energy -- Candour -- Decency -- Taciturnity -- Reserve -- Eccentricity -- Manners and character
    Pages: x, 389 p.
    ISBN: 0-585-48625-5
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=100309
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  • 15
    Unknown
    Armies without nations : public violence and state formation in Central America, 1821-1960 (2004)
    Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press
    Details
    Keywords: Central America, Politics and government. ; Political violence, Central America, History. ; State-sponsored terrorism, Central America, History.
    Notes: Part 1 : 1821-1939. Historical dimensions of public violence in Latin America -- Binding hatreds : public violence, state, and nation in Central American history -- Guatemala : organizing for war -- El Salvador : a democracy of violence -- Honduras : caudillos in search of an army -- Nicaragua : a new army finds its caudillo -- Costa Rica : caudillos in search of a state -- Part 2 : 1940-1960. Transformations -- Defining collaboration : the United States and Central America -- Guatemala : "Showcase of Latin America" -- El Salvador : distrustful collaborator -- Honduras : remaking an "armed rabble" -- Nicaragua : "Ready to receive orders from Uncle Sam" -- Costa Rica : an army renamed -- Conclusions -- Statistical appendix -- Notes
    Pages: x, 336 p.
    ISBN: 0-19-518573-0
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=121469
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  • 16
    Unknown
    The conscious mind : in search of a fundamental theory (2000)
    New York : Oxford University Press
    Philosophy of mind series  
    Details
    Keywords: Consciousness. ; Dualism. ; Mind and body. ; Philosophy of mind.
    Pages: xvii, 414 p.
    ISBN: 0-585-35313-1
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=55770
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  • 17
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    Sight unseen : an exploration of conscious and unconscious vision (2004)
    Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press
    Details
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Vision disorders ; Visual perception
    Pages: ix, 135 p.
    ISBN: 1-423-70567-X
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=130746
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  • 18
    Unknown
    American mobbing, 1828-1861 : toward Civil War (2000)
    New York : Oxford University Press
    Details
    Keywords: United States, History, Civil War, 1861-1865, Causes. ; United States, Race relations. ; United States, Social conditions, To 1865. ; Antislavery movements, United States, History, 19th century. ; Riots, United States, History, 19th century. ; Slavery, Government policy, United States. ; Violence, United States, History, 19th century.
    Pages: xx, 372 p.
    ISBN: 0-19-530397-0
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=120981
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  • 19
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    The changing shape of English nonconformity, 1825-1925 (2000)
    New York, N.Y : Oxford University Press
    Details
    Keywords: Dissenters, Religious, England, History, 19th century. ; Dissenters, Religious, England, History, 20th century. ; Dissidents (Religion), Angleterre, Histoire, 19e siècle. ; Dissidents (Religion), Angleterre, Histoire, 20e siècle. ; Theology, Study and teaching, England, History, 19th century. ; Theology, Study and teaching, England, History, 20th century. ; Théologie, Étude et enseignement, Angleterre, Histoire, 19e siècle. ; Théologie, Étude et enseignement, Angleterre, Histoire, 20e siècle.
    Pages: 248 p.
    ISBN: 0-585-16245-X
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=23559
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  • 20
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    Charles Dickens in cyberspace : the afterlife of the nineteenth century in postmodern culture (2003)
    New York : Oxford University Press
    Details
    Keywords: Great Britain, Civilization, 19th century. ; United States, Civilization, British influences. ; United States, Civilization, 20th century. ; Dickens, Charles,, 1812-1870, Appreciation, United States. ; Criticism, United States, History, 20th century. ; English literature, Appreciation, United States. ; English literature, 19th century, History and criticism, Theory, etc. ; Literature and science, Great Britain. ; Literature and science, United States. ; Postmodernism (Literature), United States. ; Romanticism, Great Britain.
    Pages: x, 270 p.
    ISBN: 0-19-518078-X
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=92722
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  • 21
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    The Gospel according to John : a literary and theological commentary (2000)
    New York : Oxford University Press
    Details
    Keywords: Bible., N.T., John. ; Bible., N.T., John, Commentaries.
    Pages: xiii, 625 p.
    Edition: Pbk. rpt. ed., 1997
    ISBN: 0-585-27829-6
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=23535
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  • 22
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    Minds and bodies : philosophers and their ideas (2000)
    New York, N.Y : Oxford University Press
    Philosophy of mind series  
    Details
    Keywords: Ethics, Book reviews. ; Mind and body, Book reviews. ; Philosophy of mind, Book reviews.
    Pages: viii, 264 p.
    ISBN: 0-585-16169-0
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=23637
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  • 23
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    Warranted Christian belief (2000)
    New York : Oxford University Press
    Details
    Keywords: Apologetics. ; Christianity, Philosophy. ; Faith and reason, Christianity.
    Pages: xx, 508 p.
    ISBN: 0-585-35267-4
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=55794
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  • 24
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    Mobilizing the information society : strategies for growth and opportunity (2000)
    New York, N.Y : Oxford University Press
    Details
    Keywords: Information society. ; Société informatisée.
    Pages: xxiii, 516 p.
    ISBN: 0-585-35755-2
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=56409
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  • 25
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    Social identity, intergroup conflict, and conflict reduction (2001)
    Oxford [England] ; New York, N.Y. [USA] : Oxford University Press
    Rutgers series on self and social identity  
    Details
    Keywords: Conflict management. ; Ethnic relations. ; Gestion des conflits. ; Group identity. ; Identité collective. ; Relations interethniques.
    Notes: Introduction : social identity and intergroup conflict / Lee Jussim, Richard D. Ashmore, and David Wilder / Ingroup identification and intergroup conflict : when does ingroup love become outgroup hate? / Marilynn B. Brewer -- Ethnic identity, national identity, and intergroup conflict : the significance of personal experiences / Thomas Hylland Eriksen -- The meaning of american national identity : patterns of ethnic conflict and consensus / Jack Citrin, Cara Wong, and Brian Duff -- Communal and national identity in a multiethnic state : a comparison of three perspectives / Jim Sidanius and John R. Petrocik -- Social and role identities and political violence : identity as a window on violence in northern ireland / Robert W. White -- Individual and group identities in genocide and mass killing / Ervin Staub -- The role of national identity in conflict resolution : experiences from Israeli-Palestinian problem-solving workshops / Herbert C. Kelman -- Conclusion : toward a social identity framework for intergroup conflict / Richard D. Ashmore, Lee Jussim, David Wilder, and Jessica Heppen
    Pages: xii, 270 p.
    ISBN: 0-19-530241-9
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=129724
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  • 26
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    The handbook of culture & psychology : Handbook of culture and psychology (2001)
    New York : Oxford University Press
    Details
    Keywords: Ethnopsychology. ; Personality and culture.
    Notes: Culture and psychology at a crossroad : historical perspective and theoretical analysis / John Adamopoulos and Walter J. Lonner -- Individualism and collectivism : past, present, and future / Harry C. Tirandis -- Culture, science, and indigenous psychologies : an integrated analysis / Uichol Kim -- The evolution of cross-cultural research methods / Fons van de Vijver -- Culture, context, and development / Harry W. Gardiner -- Cognition across cultures / R.C. Mishra -- Everyday cognition : where culture, psychology, and education come together / Analúcia D. Schliemann and David W. Carraher -- Culture and moral development / Joan G. Miller -- Culture and emotion / David Matsumoto -- Gender and culture / Deborah L. Best and John E. Williams -- Culture and control orientations / Susumu Yamaguchi -- Culture and human inference : perspectives from three traditions / Kaiping Peng, Daniel R. Ames, and Eric D. Knowles -- Abnormal psychology and culture / Junko Tanaka-Matsumi -- Clinical psychology and culture / Jayne Lee and Stanley Sue -- Polishing the jade : a modest proposal for improving the study of social psychology across cultures / Michael Harris Bond and James T. Tedeschi -- Culture and social cognition : toward a social psychology of cultural dynamics / Yoshihisa Kashima -- Cross-cultural studies of social influence / Peter B. Smith -- Social justice from a cultural perspective / Kwok Leung and Walter G. Stephan -- The A, B, Cs of acculturation / Colleen Ward
    Pages: xvi, 458 p.
    ISBN: 0-19-530227-3
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=129712
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  • 27
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    Thinking about feeling : contemporary philosophers on emotions (2004)
    Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press
    Series in affective science  
    Details
    Keywords: Emotions (Philosophy)
    Notes: Emotions, physiology, and intentionality.Primitive emotions /John Deigh --Emotion : biological fact or social construction /Jenefer Robinson --Embodied emotions /Jesse Prinz --Emotion, appraisal, and cognition.Emotions : what I know, what I'd like to think I know, and what I'd like to think /Ronald de Sousa --Emotions, thoughts, and feelings : emotions as engagements with the world /Robert C. Solomon --Emotions and feelings.Emotion, feeling, and knowledge of the world /Peter Goldie --Subjectivity and emotion /Cheshire Calhoun --Emotions and rationality.Emotions, rationality, and mind/body /Patricia Greenspan --Some considerations about intellectual desire and emotions /Michael Stocker --Emotions, action, and freedom.Emotion and action /Jon Elster --Emotions and freedom /Jerome Neu --Emotion and value.Emotions as judgments of value and importance /Martha Nussbaum --Feelings that matter /Annette Baier --Perturbations of desire : emotions disarming morality in the "Great song" of The Mahabharata /Purushottama Bilimoria --On theories of emotion.Is emotion a natural kind? /Paul E. Griffiths --Emotion as a subtle mental mode /Aaron Ben-Zeev --Enough already with "Theories of emotions" /Amelie Oksenberg Rorty.
    Pages: x, 297 p.
    ISBN: 0-19-530334-2
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=129793
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  • 28
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    The foundations of mind : origins of conceptual thought (2004)
    Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press
    Oxford series in cognitive development  
    Details
    Keywords: Cognition in infants. ; Cognition, physiology, Infant. ; Concepts in infants. ; Thinking, physiology, Infant.
    Notes: How to build a baby : prologue -- Piaget's sensorimotor infant -- Kinds of representation : seeing and thinking -- Perceptual meaning analysis and image-schemas : the infant as interpreter -- Some image-schemas and their functions -- Some differences between percepts and concepts : the case of the basic level -- Some preverbal concepts -- Conceptual categories as induction machines -- Continuity in the conceptual system : acquisition, breakdown, and reorganization -- Recall of the past -- Language acquisition -- Consciousness and conclusions
    Pages: xiii, 359 p.
    ISBN: 0-19-530396-2
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=129820
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  • 29
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    The quest for reality : subjectivism and the metaphysics of colour (2000)
    New York : Oxford University Press
    Details
    Keywords: Color (Philosophy)
    Pages: xv, 228 p.
    ISBN: 0-585-36474-5
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=55844
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  • 30
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    Twentieth century sprawl : highways and the reshaping of the American Landscape ; Highways transformed America (2004)
    New York : Oxford University Press
    Details
    Keywords: Denver (Colo.), History, 20th century. ; Middlebury (Vt. : Town), History, 20th century. ; Smyrna (Rutherford County, Tenn.), History, 20th century. ; Cities and towns, United States, Growth, History, 20th century, Case studies. ; Interstate Highway System, History, 20th century. ; Roads, Government policy, United States, History, 20th century. ; Transportation, Automotive, United States, History, 20th century.
    Notes: Highway federalism -- Denver meets the automobile -- The decentralization of post-World War II Denver -- Automobiles and a small town -- Bridges, bypasses, and boulevards -- AutoCity : Smyrna, Tennessee
    Pages: xiv, 297 p.
    ISBN: 0-19-530264-8
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=129257
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  • 31
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    A leap in the dark : the struggle to create the American republic (2003)
    Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press
    Details
    Keywords: United States, History, 1783-1815. ; United States, History, Colonial period, ca. 1600-1775. ; United States, History, Revolution, 1775-1783.
    Notes: Preface -- 1754-1763 : Join, or die -- 1763-1766 : Loss of respect and affection -- 1766-1770 : To crush the spirit of the colonies -- 1770-1774 : Cause of Boston now is the cause of America -- 1775-1776 : To die freemen rather than to live slaves -- 1776-1777 : Leap into the dark -- 1778-1782 : This wilderness of darkness and dangers -- 1783-1787 : Present paroxysm of our affairs -- 1787-1789 : So much unanimity and good will -- 1790-1793 : Prosperous at home, respectable abroad -- 1793-1796 : Colossus to the Antirepublican party -- 1797-1799 : Game where principles are the stake -- 1799-1801 : Gigg is up -- 1801 : Age of revolution and reformation
    Pages: xv, 558 p.
    ISBN: 0-19-518418-1
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=120918
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    Garden spot : Lancaster County, the old order Amish, and the selling of rural America (2002)
    Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press
    Details
    Keywords: Amish Country (Pa.) ; Lancaster County (Pa.), Rural conditions. ; Rural development, Pennsylvania, Lancaster County.
    Notes: Introduction: a fertile soil -- Cultivating the garden : the invention of Lancaster County -- Pride and progress : education, literacy, and the little red schoolhouse -- Dutch country : the Amish and tourism -- Domain of abundance : food and farming -- Landscape of progress : urbanization and planning -- Preserving the garden : development and farm preservation -- Epilogue: the harvest -- Appendix : Farms and population of Lancaster County, 1900-2000
    Pages: x, 258 p.
    ISBN: 0-19-518029-1
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=92724
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    The human side of M & A : how CEOs leverage the most important asset in deal making ; Human side of M and A ; Human side of mergers and acquisitions ; Leveraging the most important factor in deal making (2004)
    New York : Oxford University Press
    Details
    Keywords: Consolidation and merger of corporations. ; Human capital. ; Organizational effectiveness.
    Pages: xi, 193 p.
    ISBN: 0-19-518406-8
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=120907
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  • 34
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    Thought experiments (2000)
    New York : Oxford University Press
    Details
    Keywords: Philosophy and science. ; Thought experiments.
    Pages: xii, 318 p.
    Edition: [Pbk. reprint 1998]
    ISBN: 0-585-16074-0
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=23526
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  • 35
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    Postmodernism : a very short introduction (2002)
    Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press
    Very short introductions  
    Details
    Keywords: Postmodernism.
    Pages: 142 p.
    ISBN: 0-585-48631-X
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=100292
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  • 36
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    Organizational participation : myth and reality (2000)
    Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press
    Details
    Keywords: Industrial relations. ; Organizational behavior. ; Organizational sociology.
    Pages: x, 294 p.
    ISBN: 0-585-36603-9
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=56038
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  • 37
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    Understanding genocide : the social psychology of the Holocaust (2002)
    New York : Oxford University Press
    Details
    Keywords: Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945), Influence. ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945), Psychological aspects. ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945), Social aspects. ; Social sciences, Philosophy.
    Notes: The psychology of bystanders, perpetrators, and heroic helpers / Ervin Staub -- What is a "social-psychological" account of perpetrator behavior? The person versus the situation in Goldhagen's Hitler's willing executioners / Leonard S. Newman -- Authoritarianism and the Holocaust: some cognitive and affective implications / Peter Suedfeld and Mark Schaller -- Perpetrator behavior as destructive obedience: an evaluation of Stanley Milgram's perspective, the most influential social-psychological approach to the Holocaust / Thomas Blass -- Sacrificial lambs dressed in wolves' clothing: envious prejudice, ideology, and the scapegoating of Jews / Peter Glick -- Group processes and the Holocaust / R. Scott Tindale ... [et al.] -- Examining the implications of cultural frames on social movements and group action / Daphna Oyserman and Armand Lauffer -- Population and predators: preconditions for the Holocaust from a control-theoretical perspective / Dieter Frey and Helmut Rez -- The zoomorphism of human collective violence / R.B. Zajonc -- The Holocaust and the four roots of evil / Roy F. Baumeister -- Instigators of genocide: examining Hitler from a social-psychological perspective / David R. Mandel -- Perpetrators with a clear conscience: lying self-deception and belief change / Ralph Erber -- Explaining the Holocaust: does social psychology exonerate the perpetrators? / Arthur G. Miller, Amy M. Buddie, and Jeffrey Kretschmar -- Epilogue: Social psychologists confront the Holocaust / Leonard S. Newman and Ralph Erber
    Pages: xi, 360 p.
    ISBN: 0-19-518618-4
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=120998
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    The American dream : a short history of an idea that shaped a nation (2003)
    Oxford [England] ; New York : Oxford University Press
    Details
    Keywords: United States, Civilization, Philosophy. ; United States, Politics and government, Philosophy. ; National characteristics, American. ; Social values, United States.
    Notes: Introduction: A dream country -- Dream of the good life (I) : the Puritan enterprise -- Dream charter : The declaration of independence -- Dream of the good life (II) : upward mobility -- King of America : the dream of equality -- Detached houses : the dream of home ownership -- Dream of the good life (III) : the coast -- Conclusion: Extending the dream
    Pages: x, 214 p.
    ISBN: 0-19-530398-9
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=129263
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  • 39
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    Feminism and history : Feminism & history (2000)
    New York : Oxford University Press
    Oxford readings in feminism  
    Details
    Keywords: Feminist theory. ; Women, History.
    Notes: Does a sex have a history? /Denise Riley --The dialects of Black womanhood /Bonnie Thornton Dill --Theorizing woman:Funu, Guojia, Jiating (Chinese women, Chinese state, Chinese family) /Tani Barlow --'Women's history' in transition: the European case /Natalie Zemon Davis --The traffic in women: notes on the 'political economy' of sex /Gayle Rubin --Gender: a useful category of historical analysis /Joan Wallach Scott --African-American women's history and the metalanguge of race /Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham --Carnal knowledge.
    Pages: ix, 611 p.
    ISBN: 0-585-15703-0
    URL: http://www.netlibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=12418
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  • 40
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    New directions in American religious history (2000)
    New York : Oxford University Press
    Details
    Keywords: United States, Church history, Congresses. ; Christianity, United States, Congresses.
    Pages: ix, 502 p.
    ISBN: 0-585-30487-4
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=23593
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  • 41
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    At war with ourselves : why America is squandering its chance to build a better world (2004)
    Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press
    Details
    Keywords: United States, Foreign relations, Philosophy. ; United States, Foreign relations, 2001- ; Globalization, Political aspects. ; National characteristics, American.
    Pages: xiv, 288 p.
    Edition: [Pbk. ed.]
    ISBN: 0-19-518433-5
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=120929
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  • 42
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    Feminism and science : Feminism & science (2000)
    Oxford : Oxford University Press
    Oxford readings in feminism  
    Details
    Keywords: Feminist theory. ; Science, Philosophy. ; Science, Social aspects. ; Women in science.
    Pages: vii, 289 p.
    ISBN: 0-585-12065-X
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=12414
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  • 43
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    When flesh becomes word : an anthology of early eighteenth-century libertine literature (2004)
    New York : Oxford University Press
    Details
    Keywords: English literature, 18th century. ; Erotic literature, English. ; Libertinism, Literary collections.
    Notes: British libertine literature before Fanny Hill (1749) -- 1: The school of Venus (1680) -- 2: The pleasure of a single life (1701), The fifteen comforts of Cuckoldom (1706), and the fifteen plagues of a maiden-head (1707) -- 3: Gonosologium Novum (1709) -- 4: Venus in the cloister (1725) -- 5: A dialogue between a married lady and a maid (1740) -- 6: A new description of merryland (1741) -- 7: The female husband (1746)
    Pages: xxxiii, 332 p.
    ISBN: 0-19-518577-3
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=120996
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  • 44
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    Democracies in flux : the evolution of social capital in contemporary society (2002)
    Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press
    Details
    Keywords: Capital social (Sociologie) ; Civil society. ; Democracy. ; Démocratie. ; Social capital (Sociology) ; Société civile.
    Notes: Introduction /Robert D. Putnam and Kristin A. Goss --Great Britain: the role of government and the distribution of social capital /Peter A. Hall --United States: bridging the privileged and the marginalized? /Robert Wuthnow --United States: from membership to advocacy /Theda Skocpol --France: old and new civic and social ties in France /Jean-Pierre Worms --Decline of social capital?: the German case /Claus Offe and Susanne Fuchs --From civil war to civil society: social capital in Spain from the 1930s to the 1990s /Victor Pérez-Díaz --Sweden: social capital in the social democratic state /Bo Rothstein --Australia: making the lucky country /Eva Cox --Broadening the basis of social capital in Japan /Takashi Inoguchi --Conclusion /Robert D. Putnam.
    Pages: 516 p.
    ISBN: 0-19-518460-2
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=120945
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  • 45
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    The Oxford companion to philosophy (2000)
    Oxford : Oxford University Press
    Details
    Keywords: Philosophie, Encyclopédies. ; Philosophy, Encyclopedias.
    Pages: xviii, 1009 p.
    ISBN: 0-585-18263-9
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=22941
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  • 46
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    Holy war, holy peace : how religion can bring peace to the Middle East (2002)
    New York, N.Y : Oxford University Press
    Details
    Keywords: Arab-Israeli conflict, Religious aspects. ; Arab-Israeli conflict, 1993-, Peace. ; Religion and politics, Middle East.
    Pages: viii, 269 p.
    ISBN: 0-19-518512-9
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=121463
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    There are no slaves in France : the political culture of race and slavery in the Ancien ReÌgime (2000)
    New York : Oxford University Press
    Details
    Keywords: France, Race relations, History, 18th century. ; Blacks, Legal status, laws, etc., France, History, 18th century. ; Political culture, France, History, 18th century. ; Racism, France, History, 18th century.
    Pages: x, 210 p.
    ISBN: 0-585-32788-2
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=53439
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  • 48
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    Bowing to necessities : a history of manners in America, 1620-1860 (2000)
    New York : Oxford University Press
    Details
    Keywords: Etiquette, United States, History.
    Notes: Part I -- Hierarchy: manners in a vertical social order, 1620-1740.Manners for gentlemenManners over minorsManners maketh menPart II --Revolution: an opening of possibilities, 1740-1820.Middle class risingYouth risingWomen risingPart III -- Resolution: manners for democrats, 1820-1860.Manners for the middle classManners for adultsLadies first?
    Pages: x, 310 p.
    ISBN: 0-19-530339-3
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=129794
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    The Oxford dictionary of the Jewish religion (2000)
    New York : Oxford University Press
    Details
    Keywords: Judaism, Dictionaries.
    Pages: xviii, 764 p.
    ISBN: 0-585-38345-6
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=53320
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  • 50
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    Marriage wars in late Renaissance Venice (2001)
    Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press
    Studies in the history of sexuality  
    Details
    Keywords: Venice (Italy), Social conditions, To 1797 ; Electronic books ; Marriage, History, Italy, Venice ; Renaissance, Italy, Venice
    Pages: xi, 221 p.
    ISBN: 0-19-518018-6
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=92688
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  • 51
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    Joyce's revenge : history, politics, and aesthetics in Ulysses (2002)
    Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press
    Details
    Keywords: Great Britain, Relations, Ireland. ; Ireland, In literature. ; Ireland, Relations, Great Britain. ; Joyce, James,, 1882-1941., Ulysses. ; Joyce, James,, 1882-1941, Aesthetics. ; Joyce, James,, 1882-1941, Political and social views. ; Literature and history, Ireland, History, 20th century. ; Politics and literature, Ireland, History, 20th century.
    Pages: xii, 306 p.
    ISBN: 0-585-48623-9
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=100300
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  • 52
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    The Oxford dictionary of philosophy : Dictionary of philosophy (2000)
    New York : Oxford University Press
    Oxford paperback reference  
    Details
    Keywords: Philosophie, Dictionnaires anglais. ; Philosophy, Dictionaries.
    Pages: ix, 418 p.
    ISBN: 0-585-11072-7
    URL: http://www.netlibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=12313
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  • 53
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    Susanna Wesley : the complete writings (2000)
    New York : Oxford University Press
    Details
    Keywords: Wesley, Susanna Annesley,, 1669-1742. ; Wesley, Susanna Annesley,, 1670-1742. ; Anglicans, England, Biography.
    Pages: xiv, 504 p.
    ISBN: 0-585-24572-X
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=23631
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  • 54
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    The crime in mind : criminal responsibility and the Victorian novel (2003)
    New York : Oxford University Press
    Details
    Keywords: Crime in literature. ; Criminal liability in literature. ; Criminals in literature. ; English fiction, 19th century, History and criticism. ; Law and literature, History, 19th century. ; Legal stories, English, History and criticism. ; Responsibility in literature.
    Notes: Organizing crime : conduct and character in Oliver Twist : prologue to George Eliot's crimes -- "To fix our minds on that consequence" : minding consequences in Adam Bede and Felix Holt -- Middlemarch, Daniel Deronda, and the crime in mind -- James Fitzjames Stephen and the responsibilities of narrative -- Modern responsibilities
    Pages: viii, 275 p.
    ISBN: 0-19-518524-2
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=121487
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  • 55
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    Defending Ireland : the Irish state and its enemies since 1922 (2000)
    Oxford : Oxford University Press
    Details
    Keywords: Ireland, Defenses, History, 20th century. ; Ireland, Foreign relations, 1922- ; Ireland, Military policy, History, 20th century. ; Ireland, Politics and government, 1922- ; National security, Ireland, History, 20th century.
    Pages: 382 p.
    ISBN: 0-585-48615-8
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=100313
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  • 56
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    Playing the races : ethnic caricature and American literary realism (2004)
    New York : Oxford University Press
    Details
    Keywords: United States, Ethnic relations, History, 19th century. ; United States, Race relations, History, 19th century. ; American fiction, 19th century, History and criticism. ; Caricatures and cartoons, United States, History, 19th century. ; Ethnicity in literature. ; Race in literature. ; Realism in literature. ; Stereotype (Psychology) in literature.
    Notes: Introduction: the age of caricature, the age of realism -- William Dean Howells and the touch of exaggeration which typifies -- "I want a real coon": Twain and ethnic caricature -- A Jamesian art to be cultivated -- Edith Wharton's flamboyant copy -- The "curious realism" of Charles Chesnutt
    Pages: viii, 196 p.
    ISBN: 0-19-518578-1
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=121496
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  • 57
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    The Great War and the language of modernism (2003)
    New York : Oxford University Press
    Details
    Keywords: Eliot, T. S., (Thomas Stearns),, 1888-1965, Views on war. ; Pound, Ezra,, 1885-1972, Views on war. ; Woolf, Virginia,, 1882-1941, Views on war. ; American poetry, 20th century, History and criticism. ; Americans, Great Britain, History, 20th century. ; Modernism (Literature), Great Britain. ; Modernism (Literature), United States. ; World War, 1914-1918, Great Britain, Literature and the war.
    Pages: xiii, 395 p.
    ISBN: 0-19-518055-0
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=92703
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    Consciousness lost and found : a neuropsychological exploration (2000)
    Oxford : Oxford University Press
    Details
    Keywords: Consciousness. ; Neuropsychology.
    Pages: 272 p.
    ISBN: 0-585-24486-3
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=27427
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  • 59
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    Social movements : identity, culture, and the state (2002)
    Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press
    Details
    Keywords: Mouvements sociaux. ; Social movements.
    Notes: pt. I. Introduction. Opportunities and identities: bridge-building in the study of social movements / David S. Meyer -- pt. II. States and policies. State repression and democracy protest in three southeast Asian countries / Vincent Boudreau -- Mobilization on the South African gold mines / T. Dunbar Moodie -- Multiple meditations: the state and the women's movements in India / Manisha Desai -- The contradictions of gay ethnicity: forging identity in Vermont / Mary Bernstein -- Creating social change: lessons from the civil rights movement / Kenneth T. Andrews -- pt. III. Organization and strategies. The "meso" in social movement research / Suzanne Staggenborg -- Strategizing and the sense of context: reflections on the first two weeks of the Liverpool docks lockout, September-October 1995 / Colin Barker and Michael Lavalette -- Factions and the continuity of political challengers / Mildred A. Schwartz -- More than one feminism: organizational structure and the construction of collective identity / Jo Reger -- The development of individual identity and consciousness among movements of the left and right / Rebecca E. Klatch -- pt. IV. Collective identities, discourse, and culture. Toward a more dialogic analysis of social movement culture / Marc W. Steinberg -- Materialist feminist discourse analysis and social movement research: mapping the changing context for "community control" / Nancy A. Naples -- From the "beloved community" to "family values": religious language, symbolic repertoires, and democratic culture / Rhys H. Williams -- External political change, collective identities, and participation in social movement organizations / Belinda Robnett -- pt. V. Conclusion. Meaning and structure in social movements / Nancy Whittier
    Pages: xvi, 366 p.
    ISBN: 0-19-530277-X
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Micro-Raman scattering in laterally epitaxial overgrown GaN (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 5840-5852 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this study, micro-Raman spectroscopy has been used to investigate the vibrational properties of laterally epitaxial overgrown (LEO) GaN. The LEO GaN films were grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition on a 2 in. sapphire substrate with SiN mask. Photoluminescence and polarized Raman scattering measurements have been performed in the two regions of GaN growth (wing and window regions). Raman scattering results are consistent with the lateral growth of GaN in the overgrown region. We have observed second-order Raman scattering in the wing and window regions of GaN. The observations of longitudinal optical phonon plasmon modes in the overgrown region demonstrate that LEO GaN is doped. We have carried out micro-Raman mapping of the local strain and free carrier concentration in the LEO GaN. Anharmonicity due to temperature in LEO GaN has also been investigated. The anharmonicity was found to increase with increasing temperature, and such temperature-induced anharmonicity introduces changes in the linewidth and line center position of the Raman active phonons. The phonon lifetimes in GaN are estimated in the LEO region as well as in the coherently grown region (window region). © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1467952
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  • 61
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Latent track formation in GaAs irradiated with 20, 30, and 40 MeV fullerenes (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 5853-5857 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Microstructural observations of gallium arsenide single crystals irradiated with a few tens of MeV C60 incident clusters (fullerenes) were performed. Normal and grazing incidences were investigated. Similar to in the case of silicon and germanium, cylindrical amorphous tracks whose diameters vary as a function of the projectile energy were found. However, for a given energy of the clusters, the track diameters are slightly different from one material to another. Also depending on the fullerene, energy is the length of the amorphous cylinder that formed along the projectile's path. The recrystallization process under an electron beam during transmission electron microscopy observation was analyzed and a higher growth rate for gallium arsenide compared to that of germanium was seen. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1467962
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  • 62
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response of silicon carbide to high velocity impact (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 5858-5866 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This article presents an analysis of the response of silicon carbide to high velocity impact. This includes a wide range of loading conditions that produce large strains, high strain rates, and high pressures. Experimental data from the literature are used to determine constants for the Johnson–Holmquist constitutive model for brittle materials (JH-1). It is possible to directly determine the strength and pressure response of the intact material from test data in the literature. After the ceramic has failed, however, there are not adequate experimental data to directly determine the response of the failed material. Instead, the response is inferred from a comparison of computational results to ballistic penetration test results. After the constants have been obtained for the JH-1 model, a wide range of computational results are compared to experimental data in the literature. Generally, the computational results are in good agreement with the experimental results. Included are computational results that model interface defeat, which occurs when a high velocity projectile impacts a ceramic target and then dwells on the surface of the ceramic with no significant penetration. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1468903
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  • 63
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical origin of the yellow luminescence in GaN (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 5867-5874 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The influence of ion-beam-produced lattice defects as well as H, B, C, N, O, and Si, introduced by ion implantation, on the luminescence properties of wurtzite GaN is studied by cathodoluminescence spectroscopy. Results indicate that intrinsic lattice defects produced by ion bombardment mainly act as nonradiative recombination centers and do not give rise to the yellow luminescence (YL) of GaN. Experimental data unequivocally shows that C is involved in the defect-impurity complex responsible for YL. In addition, C-related complexes appear to act as efficient nonradiative recombination centers. Implantation of H produces a broad luminescent peak which is slightly blueshifted with respect to the C-related YL band in the case of high excitation densities. The position of this H-related YL peak exhibits a blueshift with increasing excitation density. Based on this experimental data and results reported previously, the chemical origin of the YL band is discussed. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1467605
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    Effect of growth temperature on strain barrier for metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy grown strained InGaAs quantum well with lattice matched InGaAsP barriers (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 5875-5881 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: InGaAs strained quantum well (SQW) samples with lattice matched InGaAsP quaternary barriers are grown on GaAs substrates by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. These SQW samples are characterized using photoluminescence, photomodulated reflectance, surface photovoltage spectroscopy and high-resolution x-ray diffraction techniques. The results based on numerical calculations are used to identify the various transitions seen in the spectra. The effect of growth temperature on the indium content of the InGaAs SQW with lattice matched InGaAsP quaternary barriers is studied. Contrary to the reported higher value of indium incorporation in InGaAs SQW with GaAs (In-free) barriers when the growth is performed at low temperatures, we find that the indium content of the InGaAs SQW with InGaAsP (In-based) quaternary barriers decreases if the SQW is grown at lower growth temperatures. A possible explanation for this behavior is provided. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1464210
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    Band gap in epitaxial NaCl-structure CrN(001) layers (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 5882-5886 
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    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: B1–NaCl-structure CrN(001) layers were grown on MgO(001) at 600 °C by ultrahigh vacuum reactive magnetron sputter deposition in pure N2 discharges. X-ray diffraction analyses establish the epitaxial relationship as cube-on-cube, (001)CrN(parallel)(001)MgO with [100]CrN(parallel)[100]MgO, while temperature-dependent measurements show that the previously reported phase transition to the orthorhombic Pnma structure is, due to epitaxial constraints, absent in our layers. The resistivity increases with decreasing temperature, from 0.028 Ω cm at 400 K to 271 Ω cm at 20 K, indicating semiconducting behavior with hopping conduction. Optical absorption is low (α〈2×104 cm−1) for photon energies below 0.7 eV and increases steeply at higher energies. In situ ultraviolet photoelectron spectra indicate that the density of states vanishes at the Fermi level. The overall results provide evidence for CrN exhibiting a Mott–Hubbard type band gap. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1466528
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    Analysis of dual-band quantum well photodetectors (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 5887-5891 
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    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present a simple model for quantum well photodetectors for simultaneous middle infrared and near infrared or visible dual-band detection. We derive analytical formulas for the responsivity and detectivity as functions of the material and structural parameters. It is shown that the characteristics of near infrared and visible radiation detection can be sensitive to parameters of the hole transport, capture into quantum wells, and reflection from the electron emitting contact. We demonstrate that a properly designed photodetector can exhibit comparable performance for both middle infrared and near infrared (or visible) detection. The obtained results can be used to optimize the photodetector design and characteristics in both spectral ranges. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1467604
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    Interaction of As impurities with 30° partial dislocations in Si: An ab initio investigation (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 5892-5895 
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    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We investigated through ab initio total energy calculations the interaction of arsenic impurities with the core of a 30° partial dislocation in silicon. It was found that when an arsenic atom sits in a crystalline position near the dislocation core, there is charge transfer from the arsenic towards the dislocation core. As a result, the arsenic becomes positively charged and the core negatively charged. The results indicate that the structural changes around the impurity are very small in both environments, namely, the crystal and the dislocation core. In this scenario, the interaction between arsenic and the core is essentially electrostatic, which eventually leads to arsenic segregation. The segregation energy was found to be as large as 0.5 eV/atom. Additionally, it was found that arsenic pairing inside the core is not energetically favorable. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1466877
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    Inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy: Capabilities and limitations in metal–oxide–semiconductor devices (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 5896-5901 
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    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report on inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy of a tunneling metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) device over an extended energy range compared to previous results. We have clearly observed the vibrations of the hydrogen-passivated (111)Si Pb center in this extended energy range. The assignment of this mode has been confirmed by a comparison with infrared experiments. Capabilities and limitations of the technique to detect and observe molecular vibrations in tunneling MOS devices are discussed. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1462423
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    Rapid thermal annealing in GaNxAs1−x/GaAs structures: Effect of nitrogen reorganization on optical properties (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 5902-5908 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report on the effect of rapid thermal annealing (RTA) on the photoluminescence (PL) properties of GaNxAs1−x/GaAs structures. In particular, a blueshift of the PL peak energy is observed when annealing the samples. The results are examined as a consequence of a RTA-induced nitrogen diffusion inside the GaNxAs1−x material rather than diffusion out of the alloy, which homogenizes initial nitrogen composition fluctuations. We propose a simple model that describes the RTA-induced blueshift of the low temperature PL peak energy. This model is in good agreement with experimental results and is consistent with recent studies in which lateral composition fluctuations in the GaNAs alloy were reported. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1467957
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    Band gap energy bowing and residual strain in CuAl(SxSe1−x)2 chalcopyrite semiconductor epilayers grown by low-pressure metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 5909-5914 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A quadratic dependence of the band gap energy on the alloy composition x was quantified for CuAl(SxSe1−x)2 films grown by low-pressure metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy, by means of photoreflectance and photoluminescence excitation spectroscopies. The bowing parameter for the A-exciton energy was estimated to be 0.20 eV. Several high-quality films grown on GaAs(001) substrates exhibited excitonic photoluminescence peaks in the blue to ultraviolet spectral ranges. The flow rate of the Al precursor was found to affect the incorporation ratio of S/Se, indicating that the Al–S compound plays a key role in controlling x. All films grown on GaAs(001) showed c(001) orientation. Conversely, the epitaxitial orientation of the films on GaP(001) changed from a(100) to c(001) with an increase in x. The critical value of x was around 0.5. The preferred orientations were explained by the natural selection rule under which the lattice strain in the epilayer is minimized. The residual strain in the 0.5-μm-thick epilayers on GaAs(001) was nearly constant for all x, although the lattice mismatch between the epilayer and the GaAs substrate varied from 0.62% to 5.39% with an increase in x. Consequently the strain was attributed to thermal stress. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1468907
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    Low-temperature dependence of midinfrared optical constants of lead–germanium–telluride thin film (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 3556-3561 
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    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The design and manufacture of diode lasers for gas analysis or multilayer thin-film optical devices used at low-temperature require the refractive index and the temperature coefficient of IV–VI compound over a significant temperature range. In this article, the refractive index and the absorption coefficient of Pb0.94Ge0.06Te thin film have been determined from transmission spectra measured at temperature between 80 and 300 K in the spectral range of 2.5–8.5 μm by fitting based on a Lorentz-oscillator model. It is found that the maximum refractive index occurs at 150 K, which corresponds to the structural phase transition from rocksalt to rhombohedrally distorted structure and reflects an increase of lattice polarizability. The value of the index of refraction is 5.350–6.000 in the spectral range of 4.0–8.5 μm for all measured temperatures, which reveals that Pb1−xGexTe is a highly refractive infrared material. The temperature coefficient of refractive index, dn/dT, is found to be −0.006–0.002 K−1 in the spectral range of 3.0–8.5 μm for all measured temperature. An empirical formula that fits the temperature coefficient in the spectral range of 4.0-8.5 μm is presented. The dependence of the transmission and absorption spectra on decreasing temperature can be explained by the modification of the energy-band structure due to rhombohedral distortions. The conclusion can be drawn that anomalies corresponding to the ferroelectric phase transition occur in both refractive index and absorption coefficient of Pb1−xGexTe alloy. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1448866
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    Study of argon characteristics in ion physical vapor deposition using molecular dynamics simulation (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 3569-3578 
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    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This article uses molecular dynamics simulation to investigate the role of Ar ions in the ion physical vapor deposition (IPVD) process for different Ar+-to-Cu+ ratios, and to analyze the influence of different Ar+-to-Cu+ ratios on the trench filling morphology. Also compared are the trench filling morphology observed for the IPVD process with that found in the conventional collimated magnetron deposition process. The molecular dynamics simulation includes a trench model and a deposition model, and uses the many-body, tight-binding potential method to represent the interatomic force acting among neutral atoms. The interatomic force acting between the ions and the neutral atoms is modeled by the pairwise Moliere potential method. The simulation indicates that the incident Ar ions influence the trench filling mechanisms in two significant ways; peeling of the cluster atoms, which promotes migration of the cluster atoms along the sidewall, and breaking of the bridge which forms when two clusters of atoms join. Both phenomena are beneficial since they promote a more complete filling of the trench. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1450032
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    Influence of interstitial nitrogen on the structural and magnetic properties of FeCoV/TiNx multilayers (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 3750-3758 
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    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: FeCoV/TiNx and FeCoV/Ti multilayers having tFeCoV=30–700 Å prepared by dc magnetron sputtering are investigated by x-ray diffraction, stress, and magnetization measurements. The x-ray diffraction data of the FeCoV/TiNx system show the presence of interstitial N atoms in the FeCoV layers due to reactive sputtering of Ti with nitrogen. The interstitial N causes an expansion of the FeCoV lattice in FeCoV/TiNx for small tFeCoV. However, for the samples with large tFeCoV, no lattice expansion is observed. In addition to the lattice expansion caused by the intake of N atoms, a change in the crystalline texture of FeCoV layers is also observed as indicated by the enhancement of the FeCoV(200) peaks. The magnetic hysteresis measurements on the samples show that the easy direction of magnetization lies in the plane of the layers. They further show that there are easy and hard axes of magnetization within the plane of the FeCoV layers. The stress anisotropy present in the plane of the samples induces a magnetic anisotropy through magnetostrictive effects leading to the formation of the in- plane easy axis. The hysteresis and stress measurements carried out on these samples clearly show the influence of N on the in-plane magnetic anisotropy. The magnetoelastic energy in the case of the FeCoV/TiNx system, calculated from the stress data and from the magnetization measurements as a function of tFeCoV is found to agree over a large range of thickness, whereas the curves deviate significantly for small layer thickness. This deviation may be due to the role of the FeCoVNx phase. Hysteresis measurements also show that the remanence is about 95% for all the samples of the FeCoV/TiNx system. In contrast, the coercivity increases linearly with increasing tFeCoV in this system. The coercivity of the FeCoV/Ti system is larger and increases more rapidly with tFeCoV, as compared with the FeCoV/TiNx system. This behavior is attributed to a smaller grain size in the FeCoV/TiNx system due to the reactive sputtering of the Ti layers. However, there is no significant influence of N on the saturation magnetization of both systems. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1450259
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    Magnetic properties of Nd–Fe–Co(Cu)–Al–B amorphous alloys prepared by nonequilibrium techniques (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 3764-3768 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The amorphous alloys Nd40Fe40Co5Al8B7, Nd57Fe20Co5Al10B8, and Nd57Fe20Cu5Al10B8 were prepared by copper mold casting, melt spinning, and mechanical alloying. Despite their similar x-ray diffraction patterns, samples display different magnetic and thermal behavior correlated with the method of preparation. The fully amorphous melt-spun ribbons exhibit relatively soft magnetic properties with coercivities (approximate)40 kA/m at room temperature and a Curie temperature (TC)(approximate)474 K. Apparently only the mold-cast cylinders of 3 mm diameter show hard magnetic behavior with a coercivity in the range of 258–270 kA/m (depending on composition) and have approximately the same TC as that of the melt-spun ribbons. An additional magnetic transition at 585 K due to the presence of Nd2Fe14B phase in the case of Nd40Fe40Co5Al8B7 cast rod has been observed. Heat treatment above crystallization temperature in as-cast Nd57Fe20Co5Al10B8 and Nd57Fe20Cu5Al10B8 samples destroys the hard magnetic properties. In contrast, mechanically alloyed amorphous samples are soft magnetic with maximum coercivity up to 11 kA/m but show an entirely different TC(approximate)680–740 K, which is rather characteristic of an Fe solid solution. The magnetic properties are discussed in terms of different local atomic environment and cluster sizes in amorphous samples prepared by different methods. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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    Effects of C content on the formation and magnetic properties of Nd2Fe14(BC)/α-Fe nanocomposite magnets (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 3769-3774 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The phase evolution, microstructure, and magnetic properties of Nd8Fe86B6−xCx (x=0, 2, 4, 5, 6) melt-spun ribbons were systematically studied as a function of C content. It was found that the addition of C decreases the glass-forming tendency of the as-spun ribbons significantly. A uniform nanoscale exchange coupled Nd2Fe14(BC)/α-Fe microstructure with an average grain size of 20–25 nm can be developed in the directly quenched ribbons with C contents up to 4 at. %. Further increase of C content to x=5 leads to, in the optimally quenched ribbons, the presence of an undesirable Nd2Fe17Cx phase in addition to the 2:14:1 and α-Fe phases, whereas the alloy ribbon containing 6 at. % C consists almost entirely of the soft magnetic Nd2Fe17Cx and α-Fe phases. Subsequent annealing induces a transformation of the 2:17:Cx phase to the 2:14:1 phase +α-Fe in the ribbons with x=5 and 6, resulting in the formation of a composite 2:14:1/α-Fe structure having relatively large crystallite sizes. Magnetic measurements revealed that, for the optimally processed samples, replacement of up to 4 at. % of B by C significantly increases the coercivity iHc, with only slight reduction in remanence Jr; an optimum coercivity of 542 kA/m was obtained in the Nd8Fe86B2C4 ribbon compared with 430 kA/m for the Nd8Fe86B6 ribbon. Excessive substitution of C (x〉4) causes a drastic deterioration of both iHc and Jr due to the microstructural coarsening. Moreover, the Curie temperature of the 2:14:1 phase in the samples decreases progressively with increasing C content from 312 °C for x=0 to 270 °C for x=6. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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    Scanning force microscopy of domain structures in Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-8% PbTiO3 and Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-29% PbTiO3 (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 3797-3805 
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    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Domain structures of unpoled as well as poled (along [001]- and [110]-direction) Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 (PZN)-8% PbTiO3 (PT) and Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 (PMN)-29% PT single crystals have been investigated by scanning force microscopy (SFM) in the piezoresponse mode, at room temperature. Antiparallel domain structures have been detected mostly in unpoled crystals of both materials, with a fingerprint pattern in (001)-oriented PZN-8% PT crystal. The ferroelastic domain wall has been identified in poled (110)-oriented PZN-8% PT crystal. "Writing" of ferroelectric domains has been performed by applying a dc voltage to the SFM tip. Local re-poling has been observed for all unpoled as well as for poled (001)-oriented crystals at the voltage ±60 V. Local electrical switching was successful in poled (110)-oriented PMN-29% PT at higher voltage (±120 V) but was not successful in poled (110)-oriented PZN-8% PT crystal. Domain-engineered crystals poled in [110]-direction seem to exhibit more stable (in the sense of local re-poling properties) domain arrangement. Hysteretic d(E) dependencies were observed by local application of an ac voltage. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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    Elastic and piezoelectric fields around a quantum dot: Fully coupled or semicoupled model? (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 3785-3796 
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    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In the study of elastic and piezoelectric fields in semiconductors due to buried quantum dots (QDs), the semicoupled piezoelectric model is commonly adopted. However, its accuracy and suitability have never been studied. In this article, by developing a fully coupled piezoelectric model and deriving the analytical elastic and piezoelectric fields based on this and the semicoupled models, we are able to verify that when the piezoelectric coupling is weak, like GaAs with the electromechanical coupling factor g=0.04, the semicoupled model predicts very accurate results as compared to those based on the fully coupled model. However, if the piezoelectric coupling is relatively strong, like AlN with g=0.32, we have shown that the semicoupled model gives very serious errors or even totally wrong results. Applying these two models to a uniformly strained AlN layer grown along the polar axis has also confirmed our observation. Therefore, for semiconductors like AlN, the fully coupled model presented in this article must be employed in order to give a reliable and accurate prediction for the elastic and piezoelectric fields. Also presented in this article is the distribution of the piezoelectric field on the surface of a half-space GaAs due to a buried QD located at 2 nm below the surface with a volume 4π/3 (nm)3. It is observed that the horizontal electric field on the traction-free and insulating surface shows some special features and its maximum magnitude can be as high as 3.5×107 V/m when the uniform mismatch eigenstrain is 0.07. Furthermore, the piezoelectric field on the traction-free and conducting surface exhibits different characters as compared to the traction-free and insulating case. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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    Characterization of reflectivity inversion, α- and β-phase transitions and nanostructure formation in hydrogen activated thin Pd films on silicon based substrates (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 3829-3840 
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    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Optically thin palladium metal films evaporated on different silicon based substrates are investigated following exposure to different concentrations of hydrogen gas in air. Laser modulated reflectance off the palladium surface of silicon oxide and silicon nitride substrates is used to recover information regarding the reflectivity inversion and α/β-phases of the palladium complex after both first and multiple gas cycling. Atomic force microscopy confirms the formation of metal nanostructures following exposure to hydrogen of the optically thin palladium films. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1417992
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    Carbon nanotubes synthesized by Ni-assisted atmospheric pressure thermal chemical vapor deposition (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 3847-3854 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A detailed systematic study on the growth morphology of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on Si in atmospheric pressure thermal chemical vapor deposition was undertaken. The role of NH3 for vertical alignment of CNTs was investigated. The direct cause for the alignment was a dense distribution of the catalytic metal particles, but that the particles are maintained catalytically active under amorphous carbon deposits was established by NH3. It allows a dense nucleation of the CNTs, and consequently, assists vertical alignment through entanglement and mechanical leaning among the tubes. The CNTs grew in a base growth mode. Since Ni is consumed both by silicide reaction and by capture into the growing tube, the growth stops when Ni is totally depleted. It occurs earlier for smaller particles, and thus a long time of growth results in a thin bottom with poor adhesion. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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    Thermal stability and performance reliability of Pt/Ti/WSi/Ni ohmic contacts to n-SiC for high temperature and pulsed power device applications (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 3864-3868 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Pt/Ti/WSi/Ni ohmic contacts to n-SiC, initially annealed at 950 and 1000 °C for 30 s, were evaluated for thermal stability via pulsed/cyclic thermal fatigue and aging experiments at 650 °C. Modifications of material properties in response to cyclic thermal fatigue and aging tests were quantitatively assessed via current–voltage measurements, field emission scanning microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. Negligible changes in the electrical properties, microstructure, and surface morphology/roughness were observed for both annealed ohmic contacts in response to 100 cycles of acute cyclic thermal fatigue. Aging of the 950 °C annealed contact for 75 h at 650 °C resulted in electrical failure and chemical interdiffusion/reaction between the contact and SiC substrate. The 1000 °C annealed contact retained ohmicity after 100 h of aging and was found to be chemically and microstructurally stable. These findings indicate that the 1000 °C annealed Pt/Ti/WSi/Ni ohmic contact to n-SiC is thermally stable and merits strong potential for utilization in high temperature and pulsed power devices. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1450024
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    Structural properties of undoped and doped cubic GaN grown on SiC(001) (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 4983-4987 
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    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction measurements reveal the presence of stacking faults (SFs) in undoped cubic GaN thin layers. We demonstrate the importance of the defects in the interfacial region of the films by showing that the SFs act as nucleation sites for precipitates of residual impurities such as C and Si present in the GaN layers grown on SiC(001) substrates. We used the imaging secondary ion mass spectroscopy technique to locate these impurities. The systematic decrease of the SF density as a function of the layer thickness is explained by an annihilation mechanism. Finally, the effects of usual dopants on the structural properties of GaN layers are discussed. It is shown that Mg has a tendency to incorporate out of the Ga site by forming Mg precipitates for a concentration higher than 1019 cm−3 in contrast with the results found for heavily Si doped layers. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1456243
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    Thermally stimulated photoluminescence in poly(2,5-dioctoxy p-phenylene vinylene) (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 5016-5023 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Results of thermally stimulated photoluminescence (TSL) measurements in poly(2,5-dioctoxy p-phenylene vinylene) (DOO–PPV) are reported. The obtained results are analyzed in terms of the hopping model of TSL in disordered organic materials. It is shown that the experimentally obtained TSL curve can be fitted on the basis of a double-peak Gaussian density-of-states distribution. The upper peak is associated with intrinsic localized states while the lower one can be ascribed to aggregates. The latter assignment is also supported by measurements of steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence in DOO–PPV films and solutions. Possible mechanisms of charge carrier photogeneration in DOO–PPV are discussed. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1464235
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    Attenuated total reflection spectroscopy for infrared analysis of thin layers on a semiconductor substrate (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 5029-5034 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A theoretical analysis based on a perturbation method is used to elucidate the results of attenuated total reflection (ATR) measurements performed on silicon oxide layers of different thicknesses on silicon substrates. This analysis shows that the absorbance ATR spectrum in p polarization is the image of the layer energy loss function, under specific conditions. It is pointed out that the enhanced sensitivity of ATR is controlled by the air gap thickness, the optical properties of the media involved, and the probing light polarization. An exact ATR spectrum simulation using a matrix formalism showed that straightforward interpretation in terms of the layer dielectric function is limited to a very narrow layer thickness range. The ATR spectrum fitting process is considered for layers out of this range and evaluated for the interpretation of experimental silicon oxide layer spectra. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1464231
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    Enhanced efficiency of PbWO4:Mo,Nb scintillator (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 5041-5044 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effect of Nb codoping on the optical properties of the PbWO4:Mo scintillator is investigated by radio- and thermoluminescence, scintillation decay, and light yield measurements. Steady-state radioluminescence efficiency of PbWO4:Mo,Nb with optimized doping concentrations (2750 and 350 molar ppm, respectively) becomes up to 20 times higher with respect to that of undoped PbWO4 and is comparable to that of Bi3Ge4O12. However, slow components down to several tens of microseconds appear in the time decay. Their existence may be related to the presence of traps monitored by thermoluminescence. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1462420
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  • 85
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    Negative thermal expansion behavior in single crystal and ceramic of Nb2O5-based compositions (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 5051-5054 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The thermal expansion coefficients of a single crystal and ceramic of Nb2O5 are measured in the temperature range of −200–500 °C by the dilatometer technique. Both single crystals and ceramics of Nb2O5 and Nb2O5(1−x):xTiO2 show negative thermal expansion in this temperature range. Some contribution to the result could be due to the presence of the Magneli phases. The main phase transition temperature, which also matches with the dielectric anomaly, occurs at (approximate)150 °C. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1464232
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  • 86
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    Recombination dynamics for photogenerated carriers in germanium-doped ZnSe epilayers grown by molecular beam epitaxy (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 5066-5071 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Germanium-doped ZnSe epilayers have been grown on (001)-oriented semi-insulating GaAs substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra exhibit strong near-band edge emission similar to those from undoped, chlorine-doped and gallium-doped samples, though some differences exist. The prominent PL peak at 2.795 eV (10 K) is attributed to the germanium-bound exciton recombination and is accompanied by free exciton (2.802 eV), Ia-type exciton (2.785 eV) and Iv-type exciton (2.775 eV) emission peaks. Following an increase in temperature, the intensity of all the IGe, Ia, and Iv emission peaks decreases gradually, indicating the presence of nonradiative recombination mechanisms with thermal activation energies of 40, 70, and 50 meV respectively. However, for the Iv peak, there is one additional nonradiative recombination mechanism in accordance with the thermally activated transfer of excitons from the Iv-type centers to Ia-type centers. This nonradiative recombination mechanism with activation energy of 9 meV is responsible for the decrease of the Iv peak intensity when the sample temperature is changed from 15 to 100 K. Following an increase in temperature, the Iv peak, Ia peak, and germanium-related peak disappear gradually and successively. Finally, the PL spectrum is dominated by free exciton emission at temperatures exceeding 210 K. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1461899
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  • 87
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    Electronic property variations due to an embedded potential barrier layer in modulation-doped step quantum wells (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 5089-5092 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Electronic property variations of a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in modulation-doped step quantum wells due to an embedded potential barrier were studied by performing Shubnikov–de Haas (SdH), Van der Pauw–Hall-effect, and cyclotron resonance measurements on two kinds of InxGa1−xAs/InyAl1−yAs step quantum wells which were one without and the other with an embedded barrier. The fast Fourier transformation results for the SdH data at 1.5 K indicated the electron occupation of two subbands in both step quantum wells. The total electron carrier density and the mobility of the 2DEG in the step quantum well with an embedded barrier were smaller than those in the quantum well without an embedded barrier. The electron effective masses were determined from the slopes of the main peak absorption energies as functions of the magnetic field, and satisfied qualitatively the nonparabolicity effects in both quantum wells. The electronic subband energies, the wave functions, and the Fermi energies were calculated by using a self-consistent method taking into account exchange-correlation effects together with strain and nonparabolicity effects. These present results indicate that the electronic parameters in modulation-doped InxGa1−xAs/InyAl1−yAs step quantum wells are significantly affected by an embedded barrier. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1454198
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  • 88
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    Direct and trap-assisted elastic tunneling through ultrathin gate oxides (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 5116-5124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The direct and assisted-by-trap elastic tunnel current in metal–oxide–semiconductor capacitors with ultrathin gate oxide (1.5–3.6 nm) has been studied. Bardeen's method has been adapted to obtain the assisted tunnel current, in addition to the direct tunnel current. The dependence of the assisted current on the trap distribution in energy has also been analyzed. This allows us to obtain the trap distribution in energy from experimental current curves. Finally, we have analyzed the role of the image force, the inclusion of which can avoid a barrier height dependence on the oxide thickness. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1461062
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  • 89
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    Electronic structure of ytterbium-doped strontium fluoroapatite: Photoemission and photoabsorption investigation (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 5135-5140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: X-ray photoemission and x-ray photoabsorption were used to study the composition and the electronic structure of ytterbium-doped strontium fluoroapatite (Yb:S-FAP). High resolution photoemission measurements on the valence band electronic structure and Sr 3d, P 2p and 2s, Yb 4d and 4p, F 1s, and O 1s core lines were used to evaluate the surface and near surface chemistry of this fluoroapatite. Element specific density of unoccupied electronic states in Yb:S-FAP were probed by x-ray absorption spectroscopy at the Yb 4d (N4,5 edge), Sr 3d (M4,5 edge), P 2p (L2,3 edge), F 1s, and O 1s (K edges) absorption edges. These results provide measurements of the electronic structure and surface chemistry of this material. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1459601
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  • 90
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    Plasma induced microstructural, compositional, and resistivity changes in ultrathin chemical vapor deposited titanium nitride films (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 5149-5154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Extremely thin titanium nitride (TiN) barrier layers for Cu based interconnects were deposited using metal organic chemical vapor deposition. The effect of the subsequently performed nitrogen/hydrogen plasma treatment on the microstructure, composition, and electrical properties of these films is studied using conventional and high resolution transmission electron microscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, and four point probe resistivity measurements. In the studied system the crystallization of the TiN film starts from an amorphous matrix and a polycrystalline morphology is developed upon the H2/N2 plasma treatment. After a short plasma treatment, most of the film is already crystalline and consists of grains of a few nanometers in diameter. Continued plasma treatment leads to grain growth and a significant reduction of contaminants such as oxygen and carbon. The resistivity of the films drops with plasma treatment time, and a correlation between resistivity and oxygen content is found, which suggests that oxygen in the grain boundaries plays a decisive role for the resistivity of the films. It is shown that the oxygen in the grain boundaries leads to an electron reflectance of 0.9. Thus, the oxygen accumulation in the grain boundaries is the limiting factor for the reduction of film resistivity by plasma treatment. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1459750
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  • 91
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    Effects of the number of periods on strain in superlattices (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 5155-5157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effect of periods on the accumulation and release of stress in GaAs/AlInAs superlattices structure is reported here. It is observed that in GaAs/AlInAs superlattices, when the Indium (In) content is greater than 10%, stress accumulates monotonically as the number of period increases. In GaAs/AlInAs superlattices with an In content of 5%, the accumulated stress is larger when the number of periods is less than 10. However when the number of periods exceeds 10, it was observed that suddenly there is a significant increase in defects and stress release. However, with any further increase in period number, there is once again an accumulation of stress. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1462419
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  • 92
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    Deep levels in strongly Si-compensated GaAs and AlGaAs (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 5158-5162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Five electron traps were detected successfully in heavily Si-doped GaAs and AlxGa1−xAs of low Al content with a Si concentration of above 1×1019 cm−3 using deep level transient spectroscopy. The junctions were grown by liquid phase epitaxy and were strongly compensated. The traps were investigated for functions of the Si concentration and the AlAs mole fraction. The traps are discussed in terms using their spectra and concentration as opposed to the previous results which used point defects in the GaAs and AlGaAs. The traps show distinctive features, which can be attributed to strongly Si-compensated crystals. Three traps among them were confirmed to be DX centers. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1462847
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  • 93
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    Transient response of a bilayer organic light emitting diode: Building-up of external and recombination currents (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 5170-5175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Using a theoretical model of a bilayer organic light emitting diode, we calculate numerically the evolution of carrier densities and electric fields inside the device. The obtained results allow us to detail injection and accumulation of carriers during transient excitation. Charge densities as a function of applied voltage present two distinct thresholds which determine three operating ranges: no injection, unipolar injection, and bipolar injection. Dynamically these thresholds depend on the rise time of the applied voltage and have a clear signature in the current densities. We show that the electroluminescence threshold has static and dynamic values which may be different. Calculated external current in response to a voltage ramp presents two steps related to the evolution of the capacity of the device. This capacitive behavior is observed experimentally. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1464212
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  • 94
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    Radiative and nonradiative lifetimes in GaInN/GaN multiquantum wells (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 5176-5181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This paper analyzes a simplified rate equation model of localized exciton emission in GaInN. Expressions for temperature dependent photoluminescence (PL) efficiency and decay time are derived and compared with time integrated (TIPL) and time resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) data for a series of multiquantum well light emitting diodes with varying In composition in the active region. Time resolved photoluminescence is measured up to relatively high temperature (540 K) and a decreasing efficiency coupled with a peak energy decay time that is weakly dependent on temperature is observed. The decay time at peak emission energy begins to decrease at a temperature that depends on the In content in the quantum wells. The analysis developed here demonstrates that application of the expressions τr=τpl/η and τnr=τpl/(1−η) is not sufficient to determine radiative and nonradiative lifetimes from TRPL and TIPL data in the GaInN system. (Here τr is the radiative decay time, τnr is the nonradiative decay time, τpl is the measured PL decay time, and η is the measured TIPL intensity normalized to the low temperature intensity.) GaInN with even small amounts of In exhibits highly efficient luminescence due to recombination through localizing centers. As relaxation occurs into both defects and localizing states after initial generation with the above GaInN band gap excitation, the number of carriers arriving at localization centers can change with temperature. This temperature dependent change should be considered when calculating relevant decay times from TRPL and TIPL data. This mechanism is distinct from an increase in the intrinsic radiative decay time obtained by applying conventional analysis to extract radiative and nonradiative lifetimes from TRPL and TIPL data. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1459106
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  • 95
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    Avalanche breakdown voltage of In0.53Ga0.47As (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 5200-5202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Avalanche breakdown voltages were determined for a series of In0.53Ga0.47As p-i-n diodes with i-region thicknesses ranging from 0.4 to 4.79 μm using measurements of reverse dark current and phase-sensitive photomultiplication. Despite its narrower bandgap In0.53Ga0.47As is found to have a very similar breakdown voltage to GaAs. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1462845
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    Enhanced tunneling in GaN/InGaN multi-quantum-well heterojunction diodes after short-term injection annealing (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 5203-5207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Multi-quantum-well GaN/InGaN heterojunction diodes prepared by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition on sapphire showed effects of strong tunneling in their I–V characteristics. The space charge region was shown to be located in the GaN/InGaN superlattice (SL). The injection of moderately high forward currents through the structure for several hours enhanced the overall tunneling through the structure and facilitated faster tunneling between the layers in the GaN/InGaN SL. These results may have relevance to the aging characteristics of light-emitting diodes under bias. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1465119
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    Current and voltage noise in WO3 nanoparticle films (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 5221-5226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Current and voltage noise measurements have been carried out on nanoparticle WO3 films. The fluctuation dissipation theorem holds, which indicates that the observed noise is an equilibrium phenomenon. Results on the thinnest films show that noise measurements can be used for quality assessment of nanocrystalline insulating films. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1423398
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  • 98
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    Effects of transition metal substitution on the glass-formation ability and magnetic properties of Fe62Co9.5Nd3Dy0.5B25 glassy alloy (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 5227-5229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Fe–Co–Nd–Dy–B glassy alloys are a current type of ferromagnetic material. To increase their glass-forming ability against the growth of a crystallization phase, the effects of the addition of transition metals TM (TM=V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, and W) on the glass-formation ability and magnetic properties of Fe62Co9.5Nd3Dy0.5B25 glassy alloy have been investigated. The substitution of 2 at. % elements TM (=Nb, Ta, Mo, and W) for Fe and Co increases crystallization temperature Tx and decreases the onset temperature of solidification Tm, leading to a significant increase in the thermal stability against crystallization for Fe60.3Co9.2TM2Nd3Dy0.5B25. The difference (ΔTx=Tx−Tg) between Tx and the glass transition temperature Tg increases from 55 K at 0 at. % TM to 87 K at 2 at. % TM. The bulk glassy alloy with a diameter up to 1.2 mm was produced by copper mold casting. Also no distinct changes in Tg, Tx and ΔTx are seen for the addition of Cr and V. The results can be explained by the difference of atomic size in the additional elements. The saturation magnetization decreases slightly by the addition of 2 at. % TM elements. The saturation magnetization and coercive force of glassy Fe60.3Co9.2TM2Nd3Dy0.5B25 alloys are 1.13 to 1.19 T and 3.85–4.98 A/m, respectively. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1457538
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    Effect of Ti seed layer on the magnetization reversal process of Co/NiFe/Al-oxide/NiFe junction films (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 5234-5239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Ti/Co/NiFe/Al-oxide/NiFe (F1) and Co/NiFe/Al-oxide/NiFe (F2) junction films were characterized using high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM), Lorentz transmission electron microscopy (LTEM), and alternating gradient force magnetometry (AGFM). HREM images showed that the Ti seed layer induced a strong 〈111〉 texture in the bottom Co/NiFe bilayer. The ferromagnet/Al-oxide interfaces in F1 showed correlated waviness, while the interface waviness in F2 appeared uncorrelated. Thus, "orange-peel" coupling effect was more significant in F1 than in F2, which was confirmed by the steep slope of the magnetization curve in the "antiparallel" magnetization configuration for F1. The LTEM in situ magnetizing experiment results and the AGFM measurement of magnetization curves showed that both junction films possessed a two-stage magnetization reversal characteristic—magnetization of the top NiFe layer reversed first followed by the reversal of the bottom Co/NiFe bilayer. LTEM observation revealed that the magnetization reversal of the top NiFe layer was via domain wall motion, while the reversal of the bottom Co/NiFe bilayers was mainly by wall motion together with a small degree of moment rotation. Domain wall mobility in the Co/NiFe bilayer of F1 was higher due to the strong crystallographic texture and large grain size appeared in the bilayer. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1459598
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    Magnetic tunnel junction device with perpendicular magnetization films for high-density magnetic random access memory (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 5246-5249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present here a magnetic tunnel junction device using perpendicular magnetization films designed for magnetic random access memory (MRAM). In order to achieve high-density MRAM, magnetic tunnel junction devices with a small area of low aspect ratio (length/width) is required. However, all MRAMs reported so far consist of in-plane magnetization films, which require an aspect ratio of 2 or more in order to reduce magnetization curling at the edge. Meanwhile, a perpendicular magnetic tunnel junction (pMTJ) can achieve an aspect ratio=1 because the low saturation magnetization does not cause magnetization curling. Magnetic-force microscope shows that stable and uniform magnetization states were observed in 0.3 μm×0.3 μm perpendicular magnetization film fabricated by focused-ion beam. In contrast, in-plane magnetization films clearly show the presence of magnetization vortices at 0.5 μm×0.5 μm, which show the impossibility of information storage. The PMTJ shows a magnetoresistive (MR) ratio larger than 50% with a squareness ratio of 1 and no degradation of MR ratio at 103 Ω μm2 ordered junction resistance. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1459605
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