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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2008-03-28
    Description: Although information storage in the central nervous system is thought to be primarily mediated by various forms of synaptic plasticity, other mechanisms, such as modifications in membrane excitability, are available. Local dendritic spikes are nonlinear voltage events that are initiated within dendritic branches by spatially clustered and temporally synchronous synaptic input. That local spikes selectively respond only to appropriately correlated input allows them to function as input feature detectors and potentially as powerful information storage mechanisms. However, it is currently unknown whether any effective form of local dendritic spike plasticity exists. Here we show that the coupling between local dendritic spikes and the soma of rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons can be modified in a branch-specific manner through an N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-dependent regulation of dendritic Kv4.2 potassium channels. These data suggest that compartmentalized changes in branch excitability could store multiple complex features of synaptic input, such as their spatio-temporal correlation. We propose that this 'branch strength potentiation' represents a previously unknown form of information storage that is distinct from that produced by changes in synaptic efficacy both at the mechanistic level and in the type of information stored.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Losonczy, Attila -- Makara, Judit K -- Magee, Jeffrey C -- England -- Nature. 2008 Mar 27;452(7186):436-41. doi: 10.1038/nature06725.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Farm Research Campus, 19700 Helix Dr Ashburn, Virginia 20147, USA. losonczya@janelia.hhmi.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18368112" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials/physiology ; Animals ; Cell Shape ; Dendrites/*physiology ; Ion Channel Gating ; Male ; Mice ; Models, Neurological ; Neuronal Plasticity/*physiology ; Pyramidal Cells/*cytology/*metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism ; Shal Potassium Channels/deficiency/genetics/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2008-05-27
    Description: Relapse to cocaine use after prolonged abstinence is an important clinical problem. This relapse is often induced by exposure to cues associated with cocaine use. To account for the persistent propensity for relapse, it has been suggested that cue-induced cocaine craving increases over the first several weeks of abstinence and remains high for extended periods. We and others identified an analogous phenomenon in rats that was termed 'incubation of cocaine craving': time-dependent increases in cue-induced cocaine-seeking over the first months after withdrawal from self-administered cocaine. Cocaine-seeking requires the activation of glutamate projections that excite receptors for alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) in the nucleus accumbens. Here we show that the number of synaptic AMPA receptors in the accumbens is increased after prolonged withdrawal from cocaine self-administration by the addition of new AMPA receptors lacking glutamate receptor 2 (GluR2). Furthermore, we show that these new receptors mediate the incubation of cocaine craving. Our results indicate that GluR2-lacking AMPA receptors could be a new target for drug development for the treatment of cocaine addiction. We propose that after prolonged withdrawal from cocaine, increased numbers of synaptic AMPA receptors combined with the higher conductance of GluR2-lacking AMPA receptors causes increased reactivity of accumbens neurons to cocaine-related cues, leading to an intensification of drug craving and relapse.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2574981/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2574981/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Conrad, Kelly L -- Tseng, Kuei Y -- Uejima, Jamie L -- Reimers, Jeremy M -- Heng, Li-Jun -- Shaham, Yavin -- Marinelli, Michela -- Wolf, Marina E -- DA00453/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA015835/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA020654/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA09621/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- Z01 DA000434-08/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jul 3;454(7200):118-21. doi: 10.1038/nature06995. Epub 2008 May 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neuroscience, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18500330" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cocaine ; Cocaine-Related Disorders/genetics/metabolism/*physiopathology ; Cues ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Male ; Nucleus Accumbens/*metabolism/physiopathology ; Rats ; Rats, Long-Evans ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, AMPA/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Self Administration ; Time Factors
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2008-04-11
    Description: Energy and glucose homeostasis are regulated by food intake and liver glucose production, respectively. The upper intestine has a critical role in nutrient digestion and absorption. However, studies indicate that upper intestinal lipids inhibit food intake as well in rodents and humans by the activation of an intestine-brain axis. In parallel, a brain-liver axis has recently been proposed to detect blood lipids to inhibit glucose production in rodents. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that upper intestinal lipids activate an intestine-brain-liver neural axis to regulate glucose homeostasis. Here we demonstrate that direct administration of lipids into the upper intestine increased upper intestinal long-chain fatty acyl-coenzyme A (LCFA-CoA) levels and suppressed glucose production. Co-infusion of the acyl-CoA synthase inhibitor triacsin C or the anaesthetic tetracaine with duodenal lipids abolished the inhibition of glucose production, indicating that upper intestinal LCFA-CoAs regulate glucose production in the preabsorptive state. Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy or gut vagal deafferentation interrupts the neural connection between the gut and the brain, and blocks the ability of upper intestinal lipids to inhibit glucose production. Direct administration of the N-methyl-d-aspartate ion channel blocker MK-801 into the fourth ventricle or the nucleus of the solitary tract where gut sensory fibres terminate abolished the upper-intestinal-lipid-induced inhibition of glucose production. Finally, hepatic vagotomy negated the inhibitory effects of upper intestinal lipids on glucose production. These findings indicate that upper intestinal lipids activate an intestine-brain-liver neural axis to inhibit glucose production, and thereby reveal a previously unappreciated pathway that regulates glucose homeostasis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, Penny Y T -- Caspi, Liora -- Lam, Carol K L -- Chari, Madhu -- Li, Xiaosong -- Light, Peter E -- Gutierrez-Juarez, Roger -- Ang, Michelle -- Schwartz, Gary J -- Lam, Tony K T -- DK45024/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK47208/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Apr 24;452(7190):1012-6. doi: 10.1038/nature06852. Epub 2008 Apr 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto M5G 1L7, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18401341" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acyl Coenzyme A/biosynthesis/metabolism ; Animals ; Brain/drug effects/*metabolism ; Dietary Fats/administration & dosage/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Fatty Acids/chemistry/metabolism ; Glucose/*biosynthesis/metabolism ; Homeostasis/drug effects ; Insulin/metabolism ; Intestines/drug effects/innervation/*metabolism ; *Lipid Metabolism ; Liver/drug effects/innervation/*metabolism ; Rats ; Satiety Response/drug effects ; Tetracaine/pharmacology ; Triazenes/pharmacology
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2008-10-03
    Description: The integrity of the cornea, the most anterior part of the eye, is indispensable for vision. Forty-five million individuals worldwide are bilaterally blind and another 135 million have severely impaired vision in both eyes because of loss of corneal transparency; treatments range from local medications to corneal transplants, and more recently to stem cell therapy. The corneal epithelium is a squamous epithelium that is constantly renewing, with a vertical turnover of 7 to 14 days in many mammals. Identification of slow cycling cells (label-retaining cells) in the limbus of the mouse has led to the notion that the limbus is the niche for the stem cells responsible for the long-term renewal of the cornea; hence, the corneal epithelium is supposedly renewed by cells generated at and migrating from the limbus, in marked opposition to other squamous epithelia in which each resident stem cell has in charge a limited area of epithelium. Here we show that the corneal epithelium of the mouse can be serially transplanted, is self-maintained and contains oligopotent stem cells with the capacity to generate goblet cells if provided with a conjunctival environment. Furthermore, the entire ocular surface of the pig, including the cornea, contains oligopotent stem cells (holoclones) with the capacity to generate individual colonies of corneal and conjunctival cells. Therefore, the limbus is not the only niche for corneal stem cells and corneal renewal is not different from other squamous epithelia. We propose a model that unifies our observations with the literature and explains why the limbal region is enriched in stem cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Majo, Francois -- Rochat, Ariane -- Nicolas, Michael -- Jaoude, Georges Abou -- Barrandon, Yann -- England -- Nature. 2008 Nov 13;456(7219):250-4. doi: 10.1038/nature07406. Epub 2008 Oct 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Stem Cell Dynamics, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne CH, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18830243" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult Stem Cells/*cytology ; Animals ; Cattle ; Cells, Cultured ; Child, Preschool ; Clone Cells ; Corneal Transplantation ; Epithelium, Corneal/*cytology/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Infant ; Keratinocytes/cytology/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, SCID ; Models, Biological ; Multipotent Stem Cells/*cytology ; Proteins/metabolism ; Rats ; Swine
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2008-07-04
    Description: Neurotrophins (NTs) are important regulators for the survival, differentiation and maintenance of different peripheral and central neurons. NTs bind to two distinct classes of glycosylated receptor: the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75(NTR)) and tyrosine kinase receptors (Trks). Whereas p75(NTR) binds to all NTs, the Trk subtypes are specific for each NT. The question of whether NTs stimulate p75(NTR) by inducing receptor homodimerization is still under debate. Here we report the 2.6-A resolution crystal structure of neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) complexed to the ectodomain of glycosylated p75(NTR). In contrast to the previously reported asymmetric complex structure, which contains a dimer of nerve growth factor (NGF) bound to a single ectodomain of deglycosylated p75(NTR) (ref. 3), we show that NT-3 forms a central homodimer around which two glycosylated p75(NTR) molecules bind symmetrically. Symmetrical binding occurs along the NT-3 interfaces, resulting in a 2:2 ligand-receptor cluster. A comparison of the symmetrical and asymmetric structures reveals significant differences in ligand-receptor interactions and p75(NTR) conformations. Biochemical experiments indicate that both NT-3 and NGF bind to p75(NTR) with 2:2 stoichiometry in solution, whereas the 2:1 complexes are the result of artificial deglycosylation. We therefore propose that the symmetrical 2:2 complex reflects a native state of p75(NTR) activation at the cell surface. These results provide a model for NTs-p75(NTR) recognition and signal generation, as well as insights into coordination between p75(NTR) and Trks.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gong, Yong -- Cao, Peng -- Yu, Hong-jun -- Jiang, Tao -- England -- Nature. 2008 Aug 7;454(7205):789-93. doi: 10.1038/nature07089. Epub 2008 Jul 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18596692" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Glycosylation ; Humans ; Ligands ; Models, Molecular ; Neurotrophin 3/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rats ; Receptor, Nerve Growth Factor/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Spodoptera
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2008-10-31
    Description: Calcium signalling in astrocytes couples changes in neural activity to alterations in cerebral blood flow by eliciting vasoconstriction or vasodilation of arterioles. However, the mechanism for how these opposite astrocyte influences provide appropriate changes in vessel tone within an environment that has dynamic metabolic requirements remains unclear. Here we show that the ability of astrocytes to induce vasodilations over vasoconstrictions relies on the metabolic state of the rat brain tissue. When oxygen availability is lowered and astrocyte calcium concentration is elevated, astrocyte glycolysis and lactate release are maximized. External lactate attenuates transporter-mediated uptake from the extracellular space of prostaglandin E(2), leading to accumulation and subsequent vasodilation. In conditions of low oxygen concentration extracellular adenosine also increases, which blocks astrocyte-mediated constriction, facilitating dilation. These data reveal the role of metabolic substrates in regulating brain blood flow and provide a mechanism for differential astrocyte control over cerebrovascular diameter during different states of brain activation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4097022/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4097022/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gordon, Grant R J -- Choi, Hyun B -- Rungta, Ravi L -- Ellis-Davies, Graham C R -- MacVicar, Brian A -- R01 GM053395/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM053395-13/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Dec 11;456(7223):745-9. doi: 10.1038/nature07525. Epub 2008 Oct 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Brain Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, British Columbia T2N 2B5, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18971930" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine/metabolism/pharmacology ; Animals ; Arterioles/drug effects/*metabolism ; Astrocytes/*metabolism ; Brain/*blood supply/*metabolism ; Dinoprostone/metabolism ; Glycolysis ; Lactic Acid/metabolism ; Male ; Organic Anion Transporters/metabolism ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Pressure ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Vasoconstriction/drug effects/*physiology ; Vasodilation/drug effects/*physiology ; Vasodilator Agents/pharmacology
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2008-07-11
    Description: Structured RNAs embedded in the untranslated regions (UTRs) of messenger RNAs can regulate gene expression. In bacteria, control of a metabolite gene is mediated by the self-cleaving activity of a ribozyme embedded in its 5' UTR. This discovery has raised the question of whether gene-regulating ribozymes also exist in eukaryotic mRNAs. Here we show that highly active hammerhead ribozymes are present in the 3' UTRs of rodent C-type lectin type II (Clec2) genes. Using a hammerhead RNA motif search with relaxed delimitation of the non-conserved regions, we detected ribozyme sequences in which the invariant regions, in contrast to the previously identified continuous hammerheads, occur as two fragments separated by hundreds of nucleotides. Notably, a fragment pair can assemble to form an active hammerhead ribozyme structure between the translation termination and the polyadenylation signals within the 3' UTR. We demonstrate that this hammerhead structure can self-cleave both in vitro and in vivo, and is able to reduce protein expression in mouse cells. These results indicate that an unrecognized mechanism of post-transcriptional gene regulation involving association of discontinuous ribozyme sequences within an mRNA may be modulating the expression of several CLEC2 proteins that function in bone remodelling and the immune response of several mammals.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2612532/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2612532/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Martick, Monika -- Horan, Lucas H -- Noller, Harry F -- Scott, William G -- R01 AI043393/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI043393-09/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM087721/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01043393/PHS HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Aug 14;454(7206):899-902. doi: 10.1038/nature07117. Epub 2008 Jul 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Molecular Biology of RNA, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA. mmartick@yahoo.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18615019" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3' Untranslated Regions/genetics ; Animals ; Down-Regulation ; Lectins, C-Type/genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; RNA, Catalytic/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Rats ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2008-12-19
    Description: Palmitoylation regulates diverse aspects of neuronal protein trafficking and function. Here a global characterization of rat neural palmitoyl-proteomes identifies most of the known neural palmitoyl proteins-68 in total, plus more than 200 new palmitoyl-protein candidates, with further testing confirming palmitoylation for 21 of these candidates. The new palmitoyl proteins include neurotransmitter receptors, transporters, adhesion molecules, scaffolding proteins, as well as SNAREs and other vesicular trafficking proteins. Of particular interest is the finding of palmitoylation for a brain-specific Cdc42 splice variant. The palmitoylated Cdc42 isoform (Cdc42-palm) differs from the canonical, prenylated form (Cdc42-prenyl), both with regard to localization and function: Cdc42-palm concentrates in dendritic spines and has a special role in inducing these post-synaptic structures. Furthermore, assessing palmitoylation dynamics in drug-induced activity models identifies rapidly induced changes for Cdc42 as well as for other synaptic palmitoyl proteins, suggesting that palmitoylation may participate broadly in the activity-driven changes that shape synapse morphology and function.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2610860/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2610860/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kang, Rujun -- Wan, Junmei -- Arstikaitis, Pamela -- Takahashi, Hideto -- Huang, Kun -- Bailey, Aaron O -- Thompson, James X -- Roth, Amy F -- Drisdel, Renaldo C -- Mastro, Ryan -- Green, William N -- Yates, John R 3rd -- Davis, Nicholas G -- El-Husseini, Alaa -- DA019695/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA13602/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- GM65525/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- NS043782/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA019695/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA019695-01A20001/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA019695-020001/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA013602/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA013602-01/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA013602-02/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA013602-02S1/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA013602-02S2/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA013602-03/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA013602-04/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA013602-05/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS032693/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS032693-08/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS043782/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS043782-01A2/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS043782-02/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS043782-03/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS043782-04/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS043782-05/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R56 NS043782/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R56 NS043782-06/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- RR011823/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Dec 18;456(7224):904-9. doi: 10.1038/nature07605.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry, Brain Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, British Columbia, Canada. rkang@interchange.ubc.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19092927" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alternative Splicing/genetics ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Cerebral Cortex/cytology/embryology ; Dendrites/metabolism ; *Lipoylation ; Models, Neurological ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Organ Specificity ; Proteome/metabolism ; *Proteomics ; Rats ; Synapses/*metabolism ; cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein/genetics/metabolism
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2008-05-23
    Description: Dopamine orchestrates motor behaviour and reward-driven learning. Perturbations of dopamine signalling have been implicated in several neurological and psychiatric disorders, and in drug addiction. The actions of dopamine are mediated in part by the regulation of gene expression in the striatum, through mechanisms that are not fully understood. Here we show that drugs of abuse, as well as food reinforcement learning, promote the nuclear accumulation of 32-kDa dopamine-regulated and cyclic-AMP-regulated phosphoprotein (DARPP-32). This accumulation is mediated through a signalling cascade involving dopamine D1 receptors, cAMP-dependent activation of protein phosphatase-2A, dephosphorylation of DARPP-32 at Ser 97 and inhibition of its nuclear export. The nuclear accumulation of DARPP-32, a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatase-1, increases the phosphorylation of histone H3, an important component of nucleosomal response. Mutation of Ser 97 profoundly alters behavioural effects of drugs of abuse and decreases motivation for food, underlining the functional importance of this signalling cascade.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2796210/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2796210/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stipanovich, Alexandre -- Valjent, Emmanuel -- Matamales, Miriam -- Nishi, Akinori -- Ahn, Jung-Hyuck -- Maroteaux, Matthieu -- Bertran-Gonzalez, Jesus -- Brami-Cherrier, Karen -- Enslen, Herve -- Corbille, Anne-Gaelle -- Filhol, Odile -- Nairn, Angus C -- Greengard, Paul -- Herve, Denis -- Girault, Jean-Antoine -- DA10044/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- MH74866/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA010044/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA010044-020002/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA010044-030002/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA010044-04/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA010044-040002/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA010044-05/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA010044-050002/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA010044-06/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA010044-060002/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA010044-07/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA010044-070002/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA010044-08/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA010044-080002/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA010044-09/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA010044-090002/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA010044-10/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA010044-100002/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA010044-11/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA010044-110005/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA010044-12/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA010044-120005/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA010044-129002/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA010044-13/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA010044-130005/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA010044-139002/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA010044-14/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA010044-140005/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA010044-149002/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA010044-14S1/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P50 MH074866/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P50 MH074866-010001/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P50 MH074866-019001/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P50 MH074866-020001/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P50 MH074866-029001/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P50 MH074866-030001/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P50 MH074866-039001/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P50 MH074866-040001/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P50 MH074866-049001/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P50 MH074866-050001/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P50 MH074866-059001/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jun 12;453(7197):879-84. doi: 10.1038/nature06994. Epub 2008 May 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Inserm, UMR-S 839, 75005 Paris, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18496528" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Dopamine and cAMP-Regulated Phosphoprotein 32/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Food ; Histones/metabolism ; Learning ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Motivation ; Motor Activity/physiology ; Neostriatum/cytology ; Neurons/metabolism ; Nucleosomes/*metabolism ; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation/drug effects ; Phosphoserine/metabolism ; Protein Transport ; Rats ; *Reward ; *Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Substance-Related Disorders
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2008-05-02
    Description: Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) signal downstream of multiple cell-surface receptor types. Class IA PI3K isoforms couple to tyrosine kinases and consist of a p110 catalytic subunit (p110alpha, p110beta or p110delta), constitutively bound to one of five distinct p85 regulatory subunits. PI3Ks have been implicated in angiogenesis, but little is known about potential selectivity among the PI3K isoforms and their mechanism of action in endothelial cells during angiogenesis in vivo. Here we show that only p110alpha activity is essential for vascular development. Ubiquitous or endothelial cell-specific inactivation of p110alpha led to embryonic lethality at mid-gestation because of severe defects in angiogenic sprouting and vascular remodelling. p110alpha exerts this critical endothelial cell-autonomous function by regulating endothelial cell migration through the small GTPase RhoA. p110alpha activity is particularly high in endothelial cells and preferentially induced by tyrosine kinase ligands (such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A). In contrast, p110beta in endothelial cells signals downstream of G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) ligands such as SDF-1alpha, whereas p110delta is expressed at low level and contributes only minimally to PI3K activity in endothelial cells. These results provide the first in vivo evidence for p110-isoform selectivity in endothelial PI3K signalling during angiogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Graupera, Mariona -- Guillermet-Guibert, Julie -- Foukas, Lazaros C -- Phng, Li-Kun -- Cain, Robert J -- Salpekar, Ashreena -- Pearce, Wayne -- Meek, Stephen -- Millan, Jaime -- Cutillas, Pedro R -- Smith, Andrew J H -- Ridley, Anne J -- Ruhrberg, Christiana -- Gerhardt, Holger -- Vanhaesebroeck, Bart -- BB/C505659/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/C505659/2/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0601093/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0601093(79633)/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0700711/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2008 May 29;453(7195):662-6. doi: 10.1038/nature06892. Epub 2008 Apr 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Cell Signalling, Institute of Cancer, Queen Mary, University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18449193" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Movement ; Cells, Cultured ; Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; Endothelial Cells/*cytology/*enzymology ; Female ; Humans ; Mice ; *Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA Interference ; Rats ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/pharmacology ; Wounds and Injuries ; rho GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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