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  • Etna
  • American Geophysical Union  (3)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (1)
  • Geological Society of America  (1)
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • 2005-2009  (5)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
Year
  • 1
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    Heat loss measured at a lava channel and its implications for down-channel cooling and rheology (2007)
    Geological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: During May 2001 we acquired 2016 thermal images over an ~8-h-long period for a section of active lava channel on Mount Etna (Italy). We used these to extract surface temperature and heat-loss profi les and thereby calculate core cooling rates. Flow surface temperatures declined from ~1070 K at the vent to ~930 K at 70 m. Heat losses were dominated by radiation (5 × 104 W m2) and convection (~104 W/m2). These compare with a heat gain from crystallization of 6 × 103 W/m2. The imbalance between sinks and sources gives core cooling (δT/δx) of ~110 K/km. However, cooling rate per unit distance also depends on fl ow conditions, where we distinguished: (1) unimpeded, high-velocity (~0.2 m/s) fl ow with low δT/δx (0.3 K/m); (2) unimpeded, low-velocity (~0.1 m/s) fl ow with higher δT/δx (0.5 K/m); (3) waning, insulated fl ow at low velocity (~0.1 m/s) with low δT/δx (0.3 K/m); and (4) impeded fl ow at low velocity (〈0.1 m/s) with higher δT/δx (0.4 K/m). Our data allow us to defi ne three thermal states of fl ow emplacement: insulated, rapid, and protected. Insulated is promoted by the formation of hanging blockages and coherent roofs. During rapid emplacement, higher velocities suppress cooling rates, and δT/δx can be tied to mean velocity (Vmean) by δT/δx = aVmean –b. In the protected case, deeper, narrow channels present a thermally effi cient channel, where δT/δx can be assessed using the ratio of channel width (w) to depth (d) in w/d = aδT/δx–b.
    Description: Published
    Description: 125-146
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: lava channel ; Etna ; heat loss ; cooling ; viscosity ; velocity ; FLIR ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 2
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    Valle del Bove, Eastern Flank of Etna Volcano: a Comprehensive Model for the Opening of the Depression and Implications for Future Hazards (2007)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In this paper we integrate stratigraphic and sedimentological analyses of the volcaniclastic deposits, emplaced during initial opening and later widening of the Valle del Bove depression, with the available stratigraphy of the inner walls, and marine offshore data, structural data, and magnetic surveys to develop a comprehensive model for the opening of the Valle del Bove depression. The resulting model adds new insight into the triggering mechanisms of the flank collapse. Additionally, it suggests a three-stage evolution of the eastern flank of Etna. (1) About 10 Kyr ago, the extinct Ellittico volcano (60 80 (per uniformità anche con Acireale) to 15 Kyr) collapsed, forming the early Valle del Bove. The collapse produced an avalanche deposit that spread ESE and formed the base of the Milo Lahar and the Chiancone deposits. (2) The second stage involved instability-related minor collapses within the valley, causing southward and westward enlargement of the depression and the emplacement of the debris flow sequence that comprises the upper part of the Milo Lahar deposit. (3) Available debris that accumulated within the Valle del Bove from smaller subsequent collapses was deposited at the mouth of the Valle del Bove in the fluvial sequence that forms most of the exposed part of the Chiancone deposit. The emplacement of the whole volcaniclastic sequence occurred between 10 and 2 Kyr ago. Since then, the Valle del Bove has acted as a basin protecting the lower eastern flank of Etna from lava flows or inundations of volcaniclastic debris.
    Description: Published
    Description: 65-75
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: open
    Keywords: Etna ; flank collapse ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 3
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    The changing face of Mount Etna’s summit area documented with Lidar technology (2008)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Morphostructural data derived from Lidar (Light detection and ranging) surveys carried out on Mount Etna in 2005 and 2007 are compared with earlier aerophotogrammetric surveys in 1986 and 1998. These data render an unprecedentedly clear and quantitative image of morphostructural and volumetric changes that have affected the summit area of the volcano in the past two decades and permit the production of a new topographic map. The computed volume gain during the 1986–2007 period amounts to 112 ± 12 106 m3, at a mean annual rate of 5.3 106 m3. The comparison of the various surveys furthermore emphasizes the levels of accuracy and resolution of the different techniques applied. The Lidar technology used in 2007 allows production of high-precision maps in near-real-time, facilitating work concerning environmental hazards such as numerical simulations of, e.g., lava flows.
    Description: Published
    Description: L09305
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: 1.10. TTC - Telerilevamento
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Lidar ; Etna ; morphostructural changes ; lava flows ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    New results of 40Ar/39Ar dating constrain the timing of transition from fissure-type to central volcanism at Mount Etna (Italy) (2008)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Recent geological studies performed at Etna allow reassessing the stratigraphic frame of the volcano where distinct evolutionary phases are defined. This stratigraphic reconstruction was chronologically constrained on the basis of a limited number of U–Th and K–Ar age determinations whose uncertainty margins are sometimes too wide. For this reason, we successfully adopted at Etna the 40Ar/39Ar technique that allowed obtaining more precise age determinations. The incremental heating technique also gives information on sample homogeneity, and potential problems of trapped argon. Five samples were collected from stratigraphically well-controlled volcanic units in order to chronologically define the transition between the fissure-type volcanism of the Timpe phase to the central volcanism of the Valle del Bove Centers. Isotopic ages with an uncertainty margin of 2–4% have been obtained emphasizing that this transition occurred (130– 126 ka) without significant temporal hiatus.
    Description: University of Catania grants (COFIN- 2002, resp. F. Lentini); CNR-IDPA and INGV-Sezione di Catania grants.
    Description: Published
    Description: 292-298
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: 40Ar/39Ar dating ; Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
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    Link between major flank slip and 2002–2003 eruption at Mt. Etna (Italy) (2008)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The 2002–2003 Etna eruption is studied through earthquake distributions and surface fracturing. In September 2002, earthquake-induced surface rupture (sinistral offset 0.48 m) occurred along the E-W striking Pernicana Fault (PF), on the NE flank. In late October, a flank eruption accompanied further ( 0.77 m) surface rupturing, reaching a total sinistral offset of 1.25 m; the deformation then propagated for 18 km eastwards to the coastline (sinistral offset 0.03 m) and southwards, along the NW-SE striking Timpe (dextral offset 0.04 m) and, later, Trecastagni faults (dextral offset 0.035 m). Seismicity (〈4 km bsl) on the E flank accompanied surface fracturing: fault plane solutions indicate an overall ESEWNWextension direction, consistent with ESE slip of the E flank also revealed by ground fractures. A three-stage model of flank slip is proposed: inception (September earthquake), climax (accelerated slip and eruption) and propagation (E and S migration of the deformation).
    Description: Published
    Description: 2286
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: volcano seismology ; surface fracturing ; flank slip ; eruption ; Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.02. Geological and geophysical evidences of deep processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.02. Earthquake interactions and probability ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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