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  • American Chemical Society  (175,217)
  • Nature Publishing Group  (13,578)
  • Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
  • 2005-2009  (188,795)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2023-01-31
    Description: Palaeoclimate records and numerical model simulations indicate that changes in tropical and subtropical sea surface temperatures and in the annual average position of the intertropical convergence zone are linked to high-latitude climate changes on millennial to glacial–interglacial timescales. It has recently been suggested that cooling in the high latitudes associated with abrupt climate-change events is evident primarily during the northern hemisphere winter, implying increased seasonality at these times8. However, it is unclear whether such a seasonal bias also exists for the low latitudes. Here we analyse the Mg/Ca ratios of surface-dwelling foraminifera to reconstruct sea surface temperatures in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico for the past 300,000 years. We suggest that sea surface temperatures are controlled by the migration of the northern boundary of the Atlantic Warm Pool, and hence the position of the intertropical convergence zone during boreal summer, and are relatively insensitive to winter conditions. Our results suggest that summer Atlantic Warm Pool expansion is primarily affected by glacial–interglacial variability and low-latitude summer insolation. Because a clear signature of rapid climate-change events, such as the Younger Dryas cold event, is lacking in our record, we conclude that high-latitude events seem to influence only the winter Caribbean climate conditions, consistent with the hypothesis of extreme northern-hemisphere seasonality during abrupt cooling events.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © 2008 Nature Publishing Group. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike license. The definitive version was published in Nature Biotechnology 26 (2008): 909-915, doi:10.1038/nbt.1482.
    Description: Plant-parasitic nematodes are major agricultural pests worldwide and novel approaches to control them are sorely needed. We report the draft genome sequence of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, a biotrophic parasite of many crops, including tomato, cotton and coffee. Most of the assembled sequence of this asexually reproducing nematode, totaling 86 Mb, exists in pairs of homologous but divergent segments. This suggests that ancient allelic regions in M. incognita are evolving toward effective haploidy, permitting new mechanisms of adaptation. The number and diversity of plant cell wall–degrading enzymes in M. incognita is unprecedented in any animal for which a genome sequence is available, and may derive from multiple horizontal gene transfers from bacterial sources. Our results provide insights into the adaptations required by metazoans to successfully parasitize immunocompetent plants, and open the way for discovering new antiparasitic strategies.
    Description: SCRI laboratory (V.C.B. and J.T.J.) received funding from the Scottish Government. This work benefited from links funded via COST Action 872. G.V.M. and V.L. are supported by ARC, CNRS, EMBO, MENRT and Region Rhone-Alpes. G.V.M., M.R.-R. and V.L. are also funded by the EU Cascade Network of Excellence and the integrated project Crescendo. M.-C.C. is supported by MENRT.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 3
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 438 (7070). p. 929.
    Publication Date: 2021-08-20
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 4
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 433 (7023). p. 212.
    Publication Date: 2021-08-16
    Description: Sexual mimicry among animals is widespread, but does it impart a fertilization advantage in the widely accepted ‘sneak–guard’ model of sperm competition? Here we describe field results in which a dramatic facultative switch in sexual phenotype by sneaker-male cuttlefish leads to immediate fertilization success, even in the presence of the consort male. These results are surprising, given the high rate at which females reject copulation attempts by males, the strong mate-guarding behaviour of consort males, and the high level of sperm competition in this complex mating system
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2020-10-26
    Description: Resolving flow geometry in the mantle wedge is central to understanding the thermal and chemical structure of subduction zones, subducting plate dehydration, and melting that leads to arc volcanism, which can threaten large populations and alter climate through gas and particle emission. Here we show that isotope geochemistry and seismic velocity anisotropy provide strong evidence for trench-parallel flow in the mantle wedge beneath Costa Rica and Nicaragua. This finding contradicts classical models, which predict trench-normal flow owing to the overlying wedge mantle being dragged downwards by the subducting plate. The isotopic signature of central Costa Rican volcanic rocks is not consistent with its derivation from the mantle wedge1, 2, 3 or eroded fore-arc complexes4 but instead from seamounts of the Galapagos hotspot track on the subducting Cocos plate. This isotopic signature decreases continuously from central Costa Rica to northwestern Nicaragua. As the age of the isotopic signature beneath Costa Rica can be constrained and its transport distance is known, minimum northwestward flow rates can be estimated (63–190 mm yr-1) and are comparable to the magnitude of subducting Cocos plate motion (approx85 mm yr-1). Trench-parallel flow needs to be taken into account in models evaluating thermal and chemical structure and melt generation in subduction zones.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 6
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    American Chemical Society
    In:  Journal of Natural Products, 68 (5). pp. 759-761.
    Publication Date: 2020-07-21
    Description: Two new cyclic peroxides, 2 and 3, were isolated from a sample of the Norwegian sponge Plakortis simplex. Their structures including relative stereochemistry were elucidated by interpretation of MS and NMR data. Compound 3 exhibited moderate in vitro activity against six solid human tumor cell lines with IC50 values in the range 7−15 μg/mL.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2020-07-21
    Description: Anthecularin (1), a minor sesquiterpene lactone with a novel ring system was isolated from Greek Anthemis auriculata (Asteraceae). Its structure was elucidated by means of NMR, HRMS, and X-ray crystallography. Anthecularin showed antitrypanosomal (IC50 = 10.1 μg/mL) and antiplasmodial activity (IC50 = 23.3 μg/mL) and inhibited two key enzymes of the plasmodial type II fatty acid biosynthesis pathway, PfFabI and PfFabG (IC50 values = 14 and 28.3 μg/mL, respectively). A probable biogenesis of 1 is also proposed and discussed.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2020-07-21
    Description: The water-soluble part of the methanolic extract from the aerial parts of Scrophularia crypthophila, through chromatographic methods, yielded three new resin glycosides, crypthophilic acids A−C (1−3). Compounds 1−3 are tetraglycosides of (+)-3S,12S-dihydroxypalmitic acid. The structures of these and 10 known compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical means. All natural resin glycosides known so far have been obtained from Convolvulaceae plants; this is the first report of such glycosides from another, taxonomically unrelated family (Scrophulariaceae).
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 9
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    American Chemical Society
    In:  Journal of Proteome Research, 6 (2). pp. 540-545.
    Publication Date: 2020-07-20
    Description: Metabolomics offers great potential for understanding the metabolic consequences of exposure to chemicals and other stressors in the environment. Biological systems encompass humans exposed to chemicals in the environment as well as the diverse organisms inhabiting an ecosystem and exposed to environmental contaminants. An overall goal of environmental metabolomics is to understand what is metabolomically “normal” or adaptive and what constitutes a threat to human health and the environment.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: Microbial mats collected at cold methane seeps in the Black Sea carry out anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) to carbon dioxide using sulfate as the electron acceptor. These mats, which predominantly consist of sulfate-reducing bacteria and archaea of the ANME-1 and ANME-2 type, contain large amounts of proteins very similar to methyl-coenzyme M reductase from methanogenic archaea. Mass spectrometry of mat samples revealed the presence of two nickel-containing cofactors in comparable amounts, one with the same mass as coenzyme F430 from methanogens (m/z = 905) and one with a mass that is 46 Da higher (m/z = 951). The two cofactors were isolated and purified, and their constitution and absolute configuration were determined. The cofactor with m/z = 905 was proven to be identical to coenzyme F430 from methanogens. For the m/z = 951 species, high resolution ICP-MS pointed to F430 + CH2S as the molecular formula, and LA-ICP-SF MS finally confirmed the presence of one sulfur atom per nickel. Esterification gave two stereoisomeric pentamethyl esters with m/z = 1021, which could be purified by reverse phase HPLC and were subjected to comprehensive NMR analysis, allowing determination of their constitution and configuration as (172S)−172-methylthio-F430 pentamethyl ester and (172R)−172-methylthio-F430 pentamethyl ester. The corresponding diastereoisomeric pentaacids could also be separated by HPLC and were correlated to the esters via mild hydrolysis of the latter. Equilibration of the pentaacids under acid catalysis showed that the (172S) isomer is the naturally occurring albeit thermodynamically less stable one. The more stable (172R) isomer (80% at equilibrium) is an isolation artifact generated under the acidic conditions necessary for the isolation of the cofactors from the calcium carbonate-encrusted mats.
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