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  • Nature Publishing Group  (40,179)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • 2005-2009  (13,578)
  • 1965-1969  (26,601)
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  • 1
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    Significant contribution of the 18.6 year tidal cycle to regional coastal changes (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 1 (3). pp. 169-172.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-13
    Description: Although rising global sea levels will affect the shape of coastlines over the coming decades1, 2, the most severe and catastrophic shoreline changes occur as a consequence of local and regional-scale processes. Changes in sediment supply3 and deltaic subsidence4, 5, both natural or anthropogenic, and the occurrences of tropical cyclones4, 5 and tsunamis6 have been shown to be the leading controls on coastal erosion. Here, we use satellite images of South American mangrove-colonized mud banks collected over the past twenty years to reconstruct changes in the extent of the shoreline between the Amazon and Orinoco rivers. The observed timing of the redistribution of sediment and migration of the mud banks along the 1,500 km muddy coast suggests the dominant control of ocean forcing by the 18.6 year nodal tidal cycle7. Other factors affecting sea level such as global warming or El Niño and La Niña events show only secondary influences on the recorded changes. In the coming decade, the 18.6 year cycle will result in an increase of mean high water levels of 6 cm along the coast of French Guiana, which will lead to a 90 m shoreline retreat.
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  • 2
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    Prolonged mantle residence of zircon xenocrysts from the western Eger rift (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 2 (12). pp. 886-890.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-04
    Description: Zircon is a common mineral in continental crustal rocks. As it is not easily altered in processes such as erosion or transport, this mineral is often used in the reconstruction of geological processes such as the formation and evolution of the continents. Zircon can also survive under conditions of the Earth’s mantle, and rare cases of zircons crystallizing in the mantle significantly before their entrainment into magma and eruption to the surface have been reported1,2,3. Here we analyse the isotopic and trace element compositions of large zircons of gem quality from the Eger rift, Bohemian massif, and find that they are derived from the mantle. (U–Th)/He analyses suggest that the zircons as well as their host basalts erupted between 29 and 24 million years ago, but fragments from the same xenocrysts reveal U–Pb ages between 51 and 83 million years. We note a lack of older volcanism and of fragments from the lower crust, which suggests that crustal residence time before eruption is negligible and that most rock fragments found in similar basalts from adjacent volcanic fields equilibrated under mantle conditions. We conclude that a specific chemical environment in this part of the Earth’s upper mantle allowed the zircons to remain intact for about 20–60 million years.
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  • 3
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    Relatedness among east African coelacanths (2005)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 435 (7044). p. 901.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-11
    Description: Scattered groups of these ancient fish may all stem from a single remote population. Coelacanths were discovered in the Comoros archipelago to the northwest of Madagascar in 1952. Since then, these rare, ancient fish have been found to the south off Mozambique, Madagascar and South Africa, and to the north off Kenya and Tanzania — but it was unclear whether these are separate populations or even subspecies. Here we show that the genetic variation between individuals from these different locations is unexpectedly low. Combined with earlier results from submersible and oceanographic observations1, 2, our findings indicate that a separate African metapopulation is unlikely to have existed and that locations distant from the Comoros were probably inhabited relatively recently by either dead-end drifters or founders that originated in the Comoros.
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  • 4
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    Oceanography: Power of pull (2007)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 447 . p. 383.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: As the complex interplay of forces in the ocean responds to climate change, the dynamics of global ocean circulation are shifting.
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  • 5
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    Biosynthetic capacities of actinomycetes. 46. Genoketides A1 and A2, new octaketides and biosynthetic intermediates of chrysophanol produced by Streptomyces sp. AK 671 (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Journal of Antibiotics, 61 . pp. 464-473.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-09
    Description: The new aromatic polyketides genoketide A1, genoketide A2 and prechrysophanol glucuronide are biosynthetic intermediates of the octaketide chrysophanol. They were isolated from the alkaliphilic strain Streptomyces sp. AK 671 together with the new metabolite chrysophanol glucuronide. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by mass spectrometry and NMR methods. Genoketide A2 exhibited a slight and prechrysophanol glucuronide a more pronounced inhibition of the proliferation of L5178y lymphoma cells.
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  • 6
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    Agulhas leakage dynamics affects decadal variability in Atlantic overturning circulation (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 456 . pp. 489-492.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Predicting the evolution of climate over decadal timescales requires a quantitative understanding of the dynamics that govern the meridional overturning circulation (MOC)1. Comprehensive ocean measurement programmes aiming to monitor MOC variations have been established in the subtropical North Atlantic2, 3 (RAPID, at latitude 26.5° N, and MOVE, at latitude 16° N) and show strong variability on intraseasonal to interannual timescales. Observational evidence of longer-term changes in MOC transport remains scarce, owing to infrequent sampling of transoceanic sections over past decades4, 5. Inferences based on long-term sea surface temperature records, however, supported by model simulations, suggest a variability with an amplitude of plusminus1.5–3 Sv (1 Sv = 106 m3 s-1) on decadal timescales in the subtropics6. Such variability has been attributed to variations of deep water formation in the sub-arctic Atlantic, particularly the renewal rate of Labrador Sea Water7. Here we present results from a model simulation that suggest an additional influence on decadal MOC variability having a Southern Hemisphere origin: dynamic signals originating in the Agulhas leakage region at the southern tip of Africa. These contribute a MOC signal in the tropical and subtropical North Atlantic that is of the same order of magnitude as the northern source. A complete rationalization of observed MOC changes therefore also requires consideration of signals arriving from the south.
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  • 7
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    Mesozoic climate - Liverworts and all (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 1 (1). pp. 14-15.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-22
    Description: The relationship between carbon dioxide and climate over millions of years has been a source of controversy. Fossilized liverwort leaves can help illuminate both temperature and atmospheric carbon dioxide levels from 200 to 60 million years ago.
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  • 8
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    Phosphorus cycling in the North and South Atlantic Ocean subtropical gyres (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 1 (7). pp. 439-443.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-23
    Description: Despite similar physical properties, the Northern and Southern Atlantic subtropical gyres have different biogeochemical regimes. The Northern subtropical gyre, which is subject to iron deposition from Saharan dust1, is depleted in the nutrient phosphate, possibly as a result of iron-enhanced nitrogen fixation2. Although phosphate depleted, rates of carbon fixation in the euphotic zone of the North Atlantic subtropical gyre are comparable to those of the South Atlantic subtropical gyre3, which is not phosphate limited. Here we use the activity of the phosphorus-specific enzyme alkaline phosphatase to show potentially enhanced utilization of dissolved organic phosphorus occurring over much of the North Atlantic subtropical gyre. We find that during the boreal spring up to 30% of primary production in the North Atlantic gyre is supported by dissolved organic phosphorus. Our diagnostics and composite map of the surface distribution of dissolved organic phosphorus in the subtropical Atlantic Ocean reveal shorter residence times in the North Atlantic gyre than the South Atlantic gyre. We interpret the asymmetry of dissolved organic phosphorus cycling in the two gyres as a consequence of enhanced nitrogen fixation in the North Atlantic Ocean4, which forces the system towards phosphorus limitation. We suggest that dissolved organic phosphorus utilization may contribute to primary production in other phosphorus-limited ocean settings as well.
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  • 9
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    Piceamycin and its N-acetylcysteine adduct is produced by Streptomyces sp GB 4-2 (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Journal of Antibiotics, 62 (9). pp. 513-518.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Piceamycin, a new macrolactam polyketide antibiotic, was detected by HPLC-diode array screening in extracts of Streptomyces sp. GB 4-2, which was isolated from the mycorrhizosphere of Norway spruce. The structure of piceamycin was determined by mass spectrometry and NMR experiments. It showed inhibitory activity against Gram-positive bacteria, selected human tumor cell lines and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B. The Journal of Antibiotics (2009) 62, 513-518; doi:10.1038/ja.2009.64; published online 17 July 2009
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  • 10
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    Marine geophysics: Where there's smoke there's fire (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 2 (7). pp. 463-464.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-10
    Description: Seafloor vents spewing mineral-rich plumes of hydrothermal fluid — termed black smokers — can persist at mid-ocean ridges for decades or longer. Earthquake data indicate that ongoing magma injection may determine their locations.
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  • 11
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    Soaking it up: the complex lives of marine sponges and their microbial associates (2007)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  The ISME Journal, 1 (3). pp. 187-190.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-05-11
    Description: Marine sponges (phylum Porifera) are among the oldest multicellular animals (metazoans), the sea's most prolific producers of bioactive metabolites, and of considerable ecological importance due to their abundance and ability to filter enormous volumes of seawater. In addition to these important attributes, sponge microbiology is now a rapidly expanding field.
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  • 12
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    Arc-parallel flow in the mantle wedge beneath Costa Rica and Nicaragua (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 451 (7182). pp. 1094-1097.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-26
    Description: Resolving flow geometry in the mantle wedge is central to understanding the thermal and chemical structure of subduction zones, subducting plate dehydration, and melting that leads to arc volcanism, which can threaten large populations and alter climate through gas and particle emission. Here we show that isotope geochemistry and seismic velocity anisotropy provide strong evidence for trench-parallel flow in the mantle wedge beneath Costa Rica and Nicaragua. This finding contradicts classical models, which predict trench-normal flow owing to the overlying wedge mantle being dragged downwards by the subducting plate. The isotopic signature of central Costa Rican volcanic rocks is not consistent with its derivation from the mantle wedge1, 2, 3 or eroded fore-arc complexes4 but instead from seamounts of the Galapagos hotspot track on the subducting Cocos plate. This isotopic signature decreases continuously from central Costa Rica to northwestern Nicaragua. As the age of the isotopic signature beneath Costa Rica can be constrained and its transport distance is known, minimum northwestward flow rates can be estimated (63–190 mm yr-1) and are comparable to the magnitude of subducting Cocos plate motion (approx85 mm yr-1). Trench-parallel flow needs to be taken into account in models evaluating thermal and chemical structure and melt generation in subduction zones.
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  • 13
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    North Pacific seasonality and the glaciation of North America 2.7 million years ago (2005)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 433 . pp. 821-825.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: In the context of gradual Cenozoic cooling, the timing of the onset of significant Northern Hemisphere glaciation 2.7 million years ago is consistent with Milankovitch's orbital theory, which posited that ice sheets grow when polar summertime insolation and temperature are low. However, the role of moisture supply in the initiation of large Northern Hemisphere ice sheets has remained unclear. The subarctic Pacific Ocean represents a significant source of water vapour to boreal North America, but it has been largely overlooked in efforts to explain Northern Hemisphere glaciation. Here we present alkenone unsaturation ratios and diatom oxygen isotope ratios from a sediment core in the western subarctic Pacific Ocean, indicating that 2.7 million years ago late-summer sea surface temperatures in this ocean region rose in response to an increase in stratification. At the same time, winter sea surface temperatures cooled, winter floating ice became more abundant and global climate descended into glacial conditions. We suggest that the observed summer warming extended into the autumn, providing water vapour to northern North America, where it precipitated and accumulated as snow, and thus allowed the initiation of Northern Hemisphere glaciation.
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  • 14
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    Clean air policy and Arctic warming (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 2 (4). pp. 243-244.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: The enhanced Arctic warming over the past three decades is attracting much attention. Combining forward and inverse models with observations suggests that regional changes in aerosol concentrations have contributed significantly.
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  • 15
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    Manganese Nodules, Topography and Thickness of Quaternary Sediments in the Central Pacific (1966)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 212 (5066). pp. 983-985.
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    Publication Date: 2016-07-19
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  • 16
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    Advancing Decadal-Scale Climate Prediction in the North Atlantic Sector (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 453 . pp. 84-88.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-18
    Description: The climate of the North Atlantic region exhibits fluctuations on decadal timescales that have large societal consequences. Prominent examples include hurricane activity in the Atlantic1, and surface-temperature and rainfall variations over North America2, Europe3 and northern Africa4. Although these multidecadal variations are potentially predictable if the current state of the ocean is known5, 6, 7, the lack of subsurface ocean observations8 that constrain this state has been a limiting factor for realizing the full skill potential of such predictions9. Here we apply a simple approach—that uses only sea surface temperature (SST) observations—to partly overcome this difficulty and perform retrospective decadal predictions with a climate model. Skill is improved significantly relative to predictions made with incomplete knowledge of the ocean state10, particularly in the North Atlantic and tropical Pacific oceans. Thus these results point towards the possibility of routine decadal climate predictions. Using this method, and by considering both internal natural climate variations and projected future anthropogenic forcing, we make the following forecast: over the next decade, the current Atlantic meridional overturning circulation will weaken to its long-term mean; moreover, North Atlantic SST and European and North American surface temperatures will cool slightly, whereas tropical Pacific SST will remain almost unchanged. Our results suggest that global surface temperature may not increase over the next decade, as natural climate variations in the North Atlantic and tropical Pacific temporarily offset the projected anthropogenic warming.
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  • 17
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    Saline water sinking (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 1 (7). pp. 423-424.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-23
    Description: Ninety-five million years ago, ocean bottom waters were much warmer than at present. Some of this warmth could have come from the proto-North Atlantic's continental shelves after the balmy surface waters became increasingly salty through evaporation.
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  • 18
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    Increase in Agulhas leakage due to poleward shift of Southern Hemisphere westerlies (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 462 . pp. 495-498.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: The transport of warm and salty Indian Ocean waters into the Atlantic Ocean—the Agulhas leakage—has a crucial role in the global oceanic circulation1 and thus the evolution of future climate. At present these waters provide the main source of heat and salt for the surface branch of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC)2. There is evidence from past glacial-to-interglacial variations in foraminiferal assemblages3 and model studies4 that the amount of Agulhas leakage and its corresponding effect on the MOC has been subject to substantial change, potentially linked to latitudinal shifts in the Southern Hemisphere westerlies5. A progressive poleward migration of the westerlies has been observed during the past two to three decades and linked to anthropogenic forcing6, but because of the sparse observational records it has not been possible to determine whether there has been a concomitant response of Agulhas leakage. Here we present the results of a high-resolution ocean general circulation model7, 8 to show that the transport of Indian Ocean waters into the South Atlantic via the Agulhas leakage has increased during the past decades in response to the change in wind forcing. The increased leakage has contributed to the observed salinification9 of South Atlantic thermocline waters. Both model and historic measurements off South America suggest that the additional Indian Ocean waters have begun to invade the North Atlantic, with potential implications for the future evolution of the MOC.
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  • 19
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    Influence of brine formation on Arctic Ocean circulation over the past 15 million years (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 1 . pp. 68-72.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: The early oceanographic history of the Arctic Ocean is important in regulating, and responding to, climatic changes. However, constraints on its oceanographic history preceding the Quaternary (the past 1.8 Myr) have become available only recently, because of the difficulties associated with obtaining continuous sediment records in such a hostile setting. Here, we use the neodymium isotope compositions of two sediment cores recovered near the North Pole to reconstruct over the past approx15 Myr the sources contributing to Arctic Intermediate Water, a water mass found today at depths of 200 to 1,500 m. We interpret high neodymium ratios for the period between 15 and 2 Myr ago, and for the glacial periods thereafter, as indicative of weathering input from the Siberian Putoranan basalts into the Arctic Ocean. Arctic Intermediate Water was then derived from brine formation in the Eurasian shelf regions, with only a limited contribution of intermediate water from the North Atlantic. In contrast, the modern circulation pattern, with relatively high contributions of North Atlantic Intermediate Water and negligible input from brine formation, exhibits low neodymium isotope ratios and is typical for the interglacial periods of the past 2 Myr. We suggest that changes in climatic conditions and the tectonic setting were responsible for switches between these two modes.
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  • 20
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    Generation of intermediate-depth earthquakes by self-localizing thermal runaway (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 2 . pp. 137-140.
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    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
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  • 21
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    Synchronous basin-wide formation and redox-controlled preservation of a Mediterranean sapropel (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 1 . pp. 606-610.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-22
    Description: Organic-rich sedimentary units called sapropels have formed repeatedly in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, in response to variations of solar radiation. Sapropel formation is due to a change either in the flux of organic matter to the sea floor from productivity changes or in preservation by bottom-water oxygen levels. However, the relative importance of surface-ocean productivity versus deep-water preservation for the formation of these organic-rich shale beds is still being debated, and conflicting interpretations are often invoked1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. Here we analyse at high resolution the differences in the composition of the most recent sapropel, S1, in a suite of cores covering the entire eastern Mediterranean basin. We demonstrate that during the 4,000 years of sapropel formation, surface-water salinity was reduced and the deep eastern Mediterranean Sea, below 1,800 m depth, was devoid of oxygen. This resulted in the preferential basin-wide preservation of sapropel S1 with different characteristics above and below 1,800 m depth as a result of different redox conditions. We conclude that climate-induced stratification of the ocean may therefore contribute to enhanced preservation of organic matter in sapropels and potentially also in black shales.
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  • 22
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    The Cenozoic palaeoenvironment of the Arctic Ocean (2006)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 441 . pp. 601-605.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-03
    Description: The history of the Arctic Ocean during the Cenozoic era (0–65 million years ago) is largely unknown from direct evidence. Here we present a Cenozoic palaeoceanographic record constructed from 〉400 m of sediment core from a recent drilling expedition to the Lomonosov ridge in the Arctic Ocean. Our record shows a palaeoenvironmental transition from a warm 'greenhouse' world, during the late Palaeocene and early Eocene epochs, to a colder 'icehouse' world influenced by sea ice and icebergs from the middle Eocene epoch to the present. For the most recent approx14 Myr, we find sedimentation rates of 1–2 cm per thousand years, in stark contrast to the substantially lower rates proposed in earlier studies; this record of the Neogene reveals cooling of the Arctic that was synchronous with the expansion of Greenland ice (approx3.2 Myr ago) and East Antarctic ice (approx14 Myr ago). We find evidence for the first occurrence of ice-rafted debris in the middle Eocene epoch (approx45 Myr ago), some 35 Myr earlier than previously thought; fresh surface waters were present at approx49 Myr ago, before the onset of ice-rafted debris. Also, the temperatures of surface waters during the Palaeocene/Eocene thermal maximum (approx55 Myr ago) appear to have been substantially warmer than previously estimated. The revised timing of the earliest Arctic cooling events coincides with those from Antarctica, supporting arguments for bipolar symmetry in climate change.
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  • 23
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    The Early Miocene onset of a ventilated circulation regime in the Arctic Ocean (2007)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 447 . pp. 986-990.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Deep-water formation in the northern North Atlantic Ocean and the Arctic Ocean is a key driver of the global thermohaline circulation and hence also of global climate1. Deciphering the history of the circulation regime in the Arctic Ocean has long been prevented by the lack of data from cores of Cenozoic sediments from the Arctic's deep-sea floor. Similarly, the timing of the opening of a connection between the northern North Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean, permitting deep-water exchange, has been poorly constrained. This situation changed when the first drill cores were recovered from the central Arctic Ocean2. Here we use these cores to show that the transition from poorly oxygenated to fully oxygenated ('ventilated') conditions in the Arctic Ocean occurred during the later part of early Miocene times. We attribute this pronounced change in ventilation regime to the opening of the Fram Strait. A palaeo-geographic and palaeo-bathymetric reconstruction of the Arctic Ocean, together with a physical oceanographic analysis of the evolving strait and sill conditions in the Fram Strait, suggests that the Arctic Ocean went from an oxygen-poor 'lake stage', to a transitional 'estuarine sea' phase with variable ventilation, and finally to the fully ventilated 'ocean' phase 17.5 Myr ago. The timing of this palaeo-oceanographic change coincides with the onset of the middle Miocene climatic optimum3, although it remains unclear if there is a causal relationship between these two events.
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  • 24
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    Fisheries: Decline of Pacific tuna populations exaggerated? - Ransom and Worm Reply (2005)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 434 . E2.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-10
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  • 25
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    The Phaeodactylum genome reveals the evolutionary history of diatom genomes (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 456 . pp. 239-244.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-06
    Description: Diatoms are photosynthetic secondary endosymbionts found throughout marine and freshwater environments, and are believed to be responsible for around one-fifth of the primary productivity on Earth1, 2. The genome sequence of the marine centric diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana was recently reported, revealing a wealth of information about diatom biology3, 4, 5. Here we report the complete genome sequence of the pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum and compare it with that of T. pseudonana to clarify evolutionary origins, functional significance and ubiquity of these features throughout diatoms. In spite of the fact that the pennate and centric lineages have only been diverging for 90 million years, their genome structures are dramatically different and a substantial fraction of genes (approx40%) are not shared by these representatives of the two lineages. Analysis of molecular divergence compared with yeasts and metazoans reveals rapid rates of gene diversification in diatoms. Contributing factors include selective gene family expansions, differential losses and gains of genes and introns, and differential mobilization of transposable elements. Most significantly, we document the presence of hundreds of genes from bacteria. More than 300 of these gene transfers are found in both diatoms, attesting to their ancient origins, and many are likely to provide novel possibilities for metabolite management and for perception of environmental signals. These findings go a long way towards explaining the incredible diversity and success of the diatoms in contemporary oceans.
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  • 26
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    Mid-Pliocene climate change amplified by a switch in Indonesian subsurface throughflow (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 2 . pp. 434-438.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: The tectonically driven closure of tropical seaways during the Pliocene epoch (approx5–2 million years (Myr) ago) altered ocean circulation and affected the evolution of climate. Plate tectonic reconstructions show that the main reorganization of one such seaway, the Indonesian Gateway, occurred between 4 and 3 Myr ago. Model simulations have suggested that this would have triggered a switch in the source of waters feeding the Indonesian throughflow into the Indian Ocean, from the warm salty waters of the South Pacific Ocean to the cool and relatively fresh waters of the North Pacific Ocean. Here we use paired measurements of the delta18O and Mg/Ca ratios of planktonic foraminifera to reconstruct the thermal structure of the eastern tropical Indian Ocean from 5.5 to 2 Myr ago. We find that sea surface conditions remained relatively stable throughout the interval, whereas subsurface waters freshened and cooled by about 4 °C between 3.5 and 2.95 Myr ago. We suggest that the restriction of the Indonesian Gateway led to the cooling and shoaling of the thermocline in the tropical Indian Ocean. We conclude that this tectonic reorganization contributed to the global shoaling of the thermocline recorded during the Pliocene epoch, possibly contributing to the development of the equatorial eastern Pacific cold tongue.
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    Large-scale distribution of Atlantic nitrogen fixation controlled by iron availability (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 2 . pp. 867-871.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-22
    Description: Oceanic fixed-nitrogen concentrations are controlled by the balance between nitrogen fixation and denitrification. A number of factors, including iron limitation, can restrict nitrogen fixation, introducing the potential for decoupling of nitrogen inputs and losses. Such decoupling could significantly affect the oceanic fixed-nitrogen inventory and consequently the biological component of ocean carbon storage and hence air–sea partitioning of carbon dioxide. However, the extent to which nutrients limit nitrogen fixation in the global ocean is uncertain. Here, we examined rates of nitrogen fixation and nutrient concentrations in the surface waters of the Atlantic Ocean along a north–south 10,000 km transect during October and November 2005. We show that rates of nitrogen fixation were markedly higher in the North Atlantic compared with the South Atlantic Ocean. Across the two basins, nitrogen fixation was positively correlated with dissolved iron and negatively correlated with dissolved phosphorus concentrations. We conclude that inter-basin differences in nitrogen fixation are controlled by iron supply rather than phosphorus availability. Analysis of the nutrient content of deep waters suggests that the fixed nitrogen enters North Atlantic Deep Water. Our study thus supports the suggestion that iron significantly influences nitrogen fixation5, and that subsequent interactions with ocean circulation patterns contribute to the decoupling of nitrogen fixation and loss.
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    The response of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current to recent climate change (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 1 . pp. 864-869.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-22
    Description: Observations show a significant intensification of the Southern Hemisphere westerlies, the prevailing winds between the latitudes of 30° and 60° S, over the past decades. A continuation of this intensification trend is projected by climate scenarios for the twenty-first century. The response of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and the carbon sink in the Southern Ocean to changes in wind stress and surface buoyancy fluxes is under debate. Here we analyse the Argo network of profiling floats and historical oceanographic data to detect coherent hemispheric-scale warming and freshening trends that extend to depths of more than 1,000 m. The warming and freshening is partly related to changes in the properties of the water masses that make up the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, which are consistent with the anthropogenic changes in heat and freshwater fluxes suggested by climate models. However, we detect no increase in the tilt of the surfaces of equal density across the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, in contrast to coarse-resolution model studies. Our results imply that the transport in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and meridional overturning in the Southern Ocean are insensitive to decadal changes in wind stress.
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    Caboxamycin, a new antibiotic of the benzoxazole family produced by the deep-sea strain Streptomyces sp. NTK 937* (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Journal of Antibiotics, 62 . pp. 99-104.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Caboxamycin, a new benzoxazole antibiotic, was detected by HPLC-diode array screening in extracts of the marine strain Streptomyces sp. NTK 937, which was isolated from deep-sea sediment collected in the Canary Basin. The structure of caboxamycin was determined by mass spectrometry, NMR experiments and X-ray analysis. It showed inhibitory activity against Gram-positive bacteria, selected human tumor cell lines and the enzyme phosphodiesterase.
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    Gombapyrones, new α-pyrone metabolites produced by Streptomyces griseoruber Acta 3662 (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Journal of Antibiotics, 62 . pp. 445-452.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Gombapyrones A–D, new members of the α-pyrone family of secondary metabolites, were produced by Streptomyces griseoruber Acta 3662, which was isolated from bamboo tree rhizosphere. The strain was characterized by its morphological and chemotaxonomical features and by 16S rDNA sequencing as S. griseobuber. The gombapyrone structures were determined by mass spectrometry and by NMR experiments, and were found to have an inhibitory activity against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B and glycogen synthase kinase 3β.
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    Climate change: Acid test for marine biodiversity (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 454 . pp. 46-47.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide lead to acidification of the oceans. A site in the Mediterranean, naturally carbonated by under-sea volcanoes, provides clues to the possible effects on marine ecosystems.
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    Origin and evolution of a splay fault in the Nankai accretionary wedge (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 2 . pp. 648-652.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-22
    Description: Subduction zones are often characterized by wedge-shaped sedimentary complexes—called accretionary prisms—that form when sediments are scraped off the subducting plate and added to the overriding plate. Large, landward-dipping thrust faults can cut through such a prism: these faults, known as 'megasplay faults'1, 2, originate near the top of the subducting plate and terminate at the shallow, landward edge of the prism1, 3, 4, 5, 6. Megasplay faults have been the subject of numerous geological and geophysical studies4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, but their initiation and evolution through time remains poorly constrained. Here we combine seismic reflection data from the Nankai accretionary wedge with geological data collected by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) and find that the splay fault cutting this wedge initiated approx1.95 Million years (Myr) ago in the lower part of the prism as an out-of-sequence thrust (OOST). After an initial phase of high activity, the movement along the fault slowed down, but uplift and reactivation of the fault resumed about 1.55 Myr ago. The alternating periods of high and low activity along the splay fault that we document hint at episodic changes in the mechanical stability of accretionary prisms.
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    Biological and chemical sulfide oxidation in a Beggiatoa inhabited marine sediment (2007)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  The ISME Journal, 1 (4). pp. 341-353.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-25
    Description: The ecological niche of nitrate-storing Beggiatoa, and their contribution to the removal of sulfide were investigated in coastal sediment. With microsensors a clear suboxic zone of 2-10cm thick was identified, where neither oxygen nor free sulfide was detectable. In this zone most of the Beggiatoa were found, where they oxidize sulfide with internally stored nitrate. The sulfide input into the suboxic zone was dominated by an upward sulfide flux from deeper sediment, whereas the local production in the suboxic zone was much smaller. Despite their abundance, the calculated sulfide-oxidizing capacity of the Beggiatoa could account for only a small fraction of the total sulfide removal in the sediment. Consequently, most of the sulfide flux into the suboxic layer must have been removed by chemical processes, mainly by precipitation with Fe2+ and oxidation by Fe(III), which was coupled with a pH increase. The free Fe2+ diffusing upwards was oxidized by Mn(IV), resulting in a strong pH decrease. The nitrate storage capacity allows Beggiatoa to migrate randomly up and down in anoxic sediments with an accumulated gliding distance of 4m before running out of nitrate. We propose that the steep sulfide gradient and corresponding high sulfide flux, a typical characteristic of Beggiatoa habitats, is not needed for their metabolic performance, but rather used as a chemotactic cue by the highly motile filaments to avoid getting lost at depth in the sediment. Indeed sulfide is a repellant for Beggiatoa.
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    The otherness of the oceans (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 459 (7244). pp. 166-167.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-03-08
    Description: As scientists discover more about the genomes of marine microorganisms, new views of their physiology and ecosystem networks are opening up, explain Alexandra Z. Worden and Darcy McRose. "Alien Ocean: Anthropological Voyages in Microbial Seas by Stefan Helmreich University of California Press: 2009. 464 pp."
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    Recent Antarctic ice mass loss from radar interferometry and regional climate modelling (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 1 (2). pp. 106-110.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-01-07
    Description: Large uncertainties remain in the current and future contribution to sea level rise from Antarctica. Climate warming may increase snowfall in the continent’s interior1,2,3, but enhance glacier discharge at the coast where warmer air and ocean temperatures erode the buttressing ice shelves4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11. Here, we use satellite interferometric synthetic-aperture radar observations from 1992 to 2006 covering 85% of Antarctica’s coastline to estimate the total mass flux into the ocean. We compare the mass fluxes from large drainage basin units with interior snow accumulation calculated from a regional atmospheric climate model for 1980 to 2004. In East Antarctica, small glacier losses in Wilkes Land and glacier gains at the mouths of the Filchner and Ross ice shelves combine to a near-zero loss of 4±61 Gt yr−1. In West Antarctica, widespread losses along the Bellingshausen and Amundsen seas increased the ice sheet loss by 59% in 10 years to reach 132±60 Gt yr−1 in 2006. In the Peninsula, losses increased by 140% to reach 60±46 Gt yr−1 in 2006. Losses are concentrated along narrow channels occupied by outlet glaciers and are caused by ongoing and past glacier acceleration. Changes in glacier flow therefore have a significant, if not dominant impact on ice sheet mass balance.
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    Protists are microbes too: A perspective (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  The ISME Journal, 3 (1). pp. 4-12.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-24
    Description: Our understanding of the composition and activities of microbial communities from diverse habitats on our planet has improved enormously during the past decade, spurred on largely by advances in molecular biology. Much of this research has focused on the bacteria, and to a lesser extent on the archaea and viruses, because of the relative ease with which these assemblages can be analyzed and studied genetically. In contrast, single-celled, eukaryotic microbes (the protists) have received much less attention, to the point where one might question if they have somehow been demoted from the position of environmentally important taxa. In this paper, we draw attention to this situation and explore several possible (some admittedly lighthearted) explanations for why these remarkable and diverse microbes have remained largely overlooked in the present era of the microbe. © 2009 International Society for Microbial Ecology All rights reserved.
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    Transient sexual mimicry leads to fertilization (2005)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 433 (7023). p. 212.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-08-16
    Description: Sexual mimicry among animals is widespread, but does it impart a fertilization advantage in the widely accepted ‘sneak–guard’ model of sperm competition? Here we describe field results in which a dramatic facultative switch in sexual phenotype by sneaker-male cuttlefish leads to immediate fertilization success, even in the presence of the consort male. These results are surprising, given the high rate at which females reject copulation attempts by males, the strong mate-guarding behaviour of consort males, and the high level of sperm competition in this complex mating system
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    Post-spawning egg care by a squid (2005)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 438 (7070). p. 929.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-08-20
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  • 39
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    Interior pathways of the North Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 459 . pp. 243-248.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-06
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  • 40
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    Enhanced biological carbon consumption in a high CO2 ocean (2007)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 450 (7169). pp. 545-548.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: The oceans have absorbed nearly half of the fossil-fuel carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted into the atmosphere since pre-industrial times1, causing a measurable reduction in seawater pH and carbonate saturation2. If CO2 emissions continue to rise at current rates, upper-ocean pH will decrease to levels lower than have existed for tens of millions of years and, critically, at a rate of change 100 times greater than at any time over this period3. Recent studies have shown effects of ocean acidification on a variety of marine life forms, in particular calcifying organisms4, 5, 6. Consequences at the community to ecosystem level, in contrast, are largely unknown. Here we show that dissolved inorganic carbon consumption of a natural plankton community maintained in mesocosm enclosures at initial CO2 partial pressures of 350, 700 and 1,050 μatm increases with rising CO2. The community consumed up to 39% more dissolved inorganic carbon at increased CO2 partial pressures compared to present levels, whereas nutrient uptake remained the same. The stoichiometry of carbon to nitrogen drawdown increased from 6.0 at low CO2 to 8.0 at high CO2, thus exceeding the Redfield carbon:nitrogen ratio of 6.6 in today’s ocean7. This excess carbon consumption was associated with higher loss of organic carbon from the upper layer of the stratified mesocosms. If applicable to the natural environment, the observed responses have implications for a variety of marine biological and biogeochemical processes, and underscore the importance of biologically driven feedbacks in the ocean to global change.
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    Rapid sea-level rise and reef back-stepping at the close of the last interglacial highstand (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 458 (7240). pp. 881-884.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-06
    Description: Widespread evidence of a +4–6-m sea-level highstand during the last interglacial period (Marine Isotope Stage 5e) has led to warnings that modern ice sheets will deteriorate owing to global warming and initiate a rise of similar magnitude by ad 2100 (ref. 1). The rate of this projected rise is based on ice-sheet melting simulations and downplays discoveries of more rapid ice loss2, 3. Knowing the rate at which sea level reached its highstand during the last interglacial period is fundamental in assessing if such rapid ice-loss processes could lead to future catastrophic sea-level rise. The best direct record of sea level during this highstand comes from well-dated fossil reefs in stable areas4, 5, 6. However, this record lacks both reef-crest development up to the full highstand elevation, as inferred7 from widespread intertidal indicators at +6 m, and a detailed chronology, owing to the difficulty of replicating U-series ages on submillennial timescales8. Here we present a complete reef-crest sequence for the last interglacial highstand and its U-series chronology from the stable northeast Yucatán peninsula, Mexico. We find that reef development during the highstand was punctuated by reef-crest demise at +3 m and back-stepping to +6 m. The abrupt demise of the lower-reef crest, but continuous accretion between the lower-lagoonal unit and the upper-reef crest, allows us to infer that this back-stepping occurred on an ecological timescale and was triggered by a 2–3-m jump in sea level. Using strictly reliable 230Th ages of corals from the upper-reef crest, and improved stratigraphic screening of coral ages from other stable sites, we constrain this jump to have occurred approx121 kyr ago and conclude that it supports an episode of ice-sheet instability during the terminal phase of the last interglacial period.
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    Upper Cretaceous African climate development and implications for the marine carbon cycle (2005)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 437 . pp. 241-244.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-10
    Description: The tropics have been suggested as the drivers of global ocean and atmosphere circulation and biogeochemical cycling during the extreme warmth of the Cretaceous period1, 2; but the links between orbital forcing, freshwater runoff and the biogeochemistry of continental margins in extreme greenhouse conditions are not fully understood. Here we present Cretaceous records of geochemical tracers for freshwater runoff obtained from a sediment core off the Ivory Coast that indicate that alternating periods of arid and humid African climate were driven by orbital precession. Our simulations of the precession-driven patterns of river discharge with a global climate model suggest that ocean anoxia and black shale sedimentation were directly caused by high river discharge, and occurred specifically when the northern equinox coincided with perihelion (the minimum distance between the Sun and the Earth). We conclude that, in a warm climate, the oceans off tropical continental margins respond rapidly and sensitively to even modest changes in river discharge.
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    From climate assessment to climate services (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 1 . pp. 2-3.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: The Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change has convinced the public that climate change is real. To tackle it, the panel needs complementary climate services that provide continuous climate information for all regions and the globe.
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    Cultivation of a novel cold-adapted nitrite oxidizing betaproteobacterium from the Siberian Arctic (2007)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  ISME Journal, 1 . pp. 256-264.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-22
    Description: Permafrost-affected soils of the Siberian Arctic were investigated with regard to identification of nitrite oxidizing bacteria active at low temperature. Analysis of the fatty acid profiles of enrichment cultures grown at 4°C, 10°C and 17°C revealed a pattern that was different from that of known nitrite oxidizers but was similar to fatty acid profiles of Betaproteobacteria. Electron microscopy of two enrichment cultures grown at 10°C showed prevalent cells with a conspicuous ultrastructure. Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA genes allocated the organisms to a so far uncultivated cluster of the Betaproteobacteria, with Gallionella ferruginea as next related taxonomically described organism. The results demonstrate that a novel genus of chemolithoautotrophic nitrite oxidizing bacteria is present in polygonal tundra soils and can be enriched at low temperatures up to 17°C. Cloned sequences with high sequence similarities were previously reported from mesophilic habitats like activated sludge and therefore an involvement of this taxon in nitrite oxidation in nonarctic habitats is suggested. The presented culture will provide an opportunity to correlate nitrification with nonidentified environmental clones in moderate habitats and give insights into mechanisms of cold adaptation. We propose provisional classification of the novel nitrite oxidizing bacterium as 'Candidatus Nitrotoga arctica'.
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    Persistent summer expansion of the Atlantic Warm Pool during glacial abrupt cold events (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-31
    Description: Palaeoclimate records and numerical model simulations indicate that changes in tropical and subtropical sea surface temperatures and in the annual average position of the intertropical convergence zone are linked to high-latitude climate changes on millennial to glacial–interglacial timescales. It has recently been suggested that cooling in the high latitudes associated with abrupt climate-change events is evident primarily during the northern hemisphere winter, implying increased seasonality at these times8. However, it is unclear whether such a seasonal bias also exists for the low latitudes. Here we analyse the Mg/Ca ratios of surface-dwelling foraminifera to reconstruct sea surface temperatures in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico for the past 300,000 years. We suggest that sea surface temperatures are controlled by the migration of the northern boundary of the Atlantic Warm Pool, and hence the position of the intertropical convergence zone during boreal summer, and are relatively insensitive to winter conditions. Our results suggest that summer Atlantic Warm Pool expansion is primarily affected by glacial–interglacial variability and low-latitude summer insolation. Because a clear signature of rapid climate-change events, such as the Younger Dryas cold event, is lacking in our record, we conclude that high-latitude events seem to influence only the winter Caribbean climate conditions, consistent with the hypothesis of extreme northern-hemisphere seasonality during abrupt cooling events.
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    Genome sequence of the metazoan plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © 2008 Nature Publishing Group. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike license. The definitive version was published in Nature Biotechnology 26 (2008): 909-915, doi:10.1038/nbt.1482.
    Description: Plant-parasitic nematodes are major agricultural pests worldwide and novel approaches to control them are sorely needed. We report the draft genome sequence of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, a biotrophic parasite of many crops, including tomato, cotton and coffee. Most of the assembled sequence of this asexually reproducing nematode, totaling 86 Mb, exists in pairs of homologous but divergent segments. This suggests that ancient allelic regions in M. incognita are evolving toward effective haploidy, permitting new mechanisms of adaptation. The number and diversity of plant cell wall–degrading enzymes in M. incognita is unprecedented in any animal for which a genome sequence is available, and may derive from multiple horizontal gene transfers from bacterial sources. Our results provide insights into the adaptations required by metazoans to successfully parasitize immunocompetent plants, and open the way for discovering new antiparasitic strategies.
    Description: SCRI laboratory (V.C.B. and J.T.J.) received funding from the Scottish Government. This work benefited from links funded via COST Action 872. G.V.M. and V.L. are supported by ARC, CNRS, EMBO, MENRT and Region Rhone-Alpes. G.V.M., M.R.-R. and V.L. are also funded by the EU Cascade Network of Excellence and the integrated project Crescendo. M.-C.C. is supported by MENRT.
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  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    News In Brief (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1048-1049 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] 200% ethanol boost from Oz sugar University of Queensland (UQ), Australia, molecular geneticist Robert Birch got more than he bargained for when he introduced a bacterial gene into sugarcane to convert sucrose into its high-value isomer, isomaltulose. In fact, the gene encoding sucrose isomerase, ...
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0706-1048
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    Electronic Resource
    Profile of a bacterial tumor killer (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1484-1485 
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    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Common bacteria, engineered to safely seek out and kill tumors, may well be the next generation of cancer therapeutics. In this issue, Bettegowda et al. report the genome sequence of one such bacterium, Clostridium novyi-NT, which has been engineered to be non-toxic by deleting the major systemic ...
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt1206-1484
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    Electronic Resource
    Anti-infective antibodies: finding the path forward (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1491-1493 
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    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] This June, Basel-based Novartis Pharmaceuticals made a first reconnoiter into antimicrobial antibodies in its quest to find new weapons to fight infections. It paid $569 million to acquire NeuTec Pharmaceuticals of Manchester, UK, and its two late-stage products, both antibody fragments ...
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt1206-1491
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  • 50
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    Prospects for plant-derived antibacterials (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1504-1507 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] The scarcity of disease in wild plants indicates that the success of plant defense mechanisms in combating pathogen infection rivals that of mammalian immune systems. Although there are some interesting parallels between plant and animal defense strategies—for instance, both groups sacrifice ...
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt1206-1504
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    Electronic Resource
    Moving goalposts—regulatory oversight of antibacterial drugs (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1515-1519 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recently rejected new antibiotics for common infections citing the requirement that the drugs intended to treat non-serious infections prove superior to placebo rather than active controls. With the introduction of more stringent statistical criteria, ...
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt1206-1515
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The business of developing antibacterials (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1521-1528 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] For developers of antibacterial products, this century began very much on the wrong foot. The number of pharmaceutical companies chasing antibiotics continued to drop, few genuinely new antibiotics reached the clinic and investors remained lukewarm toward startups in this sector. But, despite ...
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    What is a support vector machine? (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1565-1567 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] A support vector machine (SVM) is a computer algorithm that learns by example to assign labels to objects. For instance, an SVM can learn to recognize fraudulent credit card activity by examining hundreds or thousands of fraudulent and nonfraudulent credit card activity reports. Alternatively, an ...
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    The genome and transcriptomes of the anti-tumor agent Clostridium novyi-NT (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1573-1580 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Bacteriolytic anti-cancer therapies employ attenuated bacterial strains that selectively proliferate within tumors. Clostridium novyi-NT spores represent one of the most promising of these agents, as they generate potent anti-tumor effects in experimental animals. We have determined the 2.55-Mb ...
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    Blue fluorescent proteins with enhanced brightness and photostability from a structurally targeted library (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1569-1571 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] The utility of blue fluorescent protein (BFP) has been limited by its low quantum yield and rapid photobleaching. A library targeting residues neighboring the chromophore yielded a variant with enhanced quantum yield (0.55 versus 0.34), reduced pH sensitivity and a 40-fold increase in ...
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    Antimicrobial and host-defense peptides as new anti-infective therapeutic strategies (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1551-1557 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Short cationic amphiphilic peptides with antimicrobial and/or immunomodulatory activities are present in virtually every life form, as an important component of (innate) immune defenses. These host-defense peptides provide a template for two separate classes of antimicrobial drugs. Direct-acting ...
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    The art of mismanagement (2006)
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    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1300-1300 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Is it possible that ImClone didn't do its homework on Erbitux's ...
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    Merck wipes Serono off Swiss biotech map (2006)
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    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1303-1303 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] On the average report card a test score of three out of five would usually draw the comment 'could do better'. The admonishment to try harder was also given by some observers to Darmstadt-based Merck KGaA's surprise €10.6- ($13.2)-billion acquisition of Serono on September 21. Although ...
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    The protection racket (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1081-1081 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Biotech stocks can be white-knuckle volatile, but there is a way you can profit from, or insure against, such rapid and dramatic price changes. Through put and call options, you may not only make more profits, but also buy and sell 'protection' for your investments (with no need for 'knuckle' ...
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    Recent patent applications in tissue engineering (2006)
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    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1095-1095 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Recent patent applications in tissue engineering ...
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    Evidence and anecdotes: an analysis of human gene patenting controversies (2006)
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    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1091-1094 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Gene patenting has attracted intense scrutiny for decades, raising a host of ethical, legal and economic concerns. Much of the policy debate has focused on seemingly quantifiable and practical concerns about the effect of patents on access to useful technologies in the contexts of both research and ...
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    Lack of correct data format and comparability limits future integrative microarray research (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1322-1323 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] To the editor: One of the challenges for the future is how to integrate all the DNA microarray data that have been generated and deposited in public databases. We have studied data from two data repositories and identified that only 38% meet necessary quality and data format standards. Our results ...
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    Artificial sperm and epigenetic reprogramming (2006)
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    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1097-1098 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
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    Notes: [Auszug] Of the many differentiated cell types that have been derived in vitro from mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, among the most intriguing are cells resembling male and female gametes. Such ES cell–derived germ cells have been shown to undergo meiosis to form haploid gametes that can support early ...
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    Trust, patents and public perceptions: the governance of controversial biotechnology research (2006)
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    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1352-1354 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] The increasingly commercial nature of biomedical research is, rightly or not, a reality of the contemporary research environment. The percentage of biomedical research supported by industry continues to grow, and many public funding agencies now encourage industry partnerships. Although links with ...
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    Engineering the essence of plants (2006)
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    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1359-1361 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
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    Notes: [Auszug] Plant-derived 'essential oils' such as terpenoids are widely used in the fragrance and flavor industries. In this issue, Chappell and colleagues describe an approach for engineering plants that produce elevated levels of commercially relevant terpenoids. They co-express both an enzyme that supplies ...
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    Connecting genes, drugs and diseases (2006)
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    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1365-1366 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] The rallying cry of early 21st century biomedical science is that new combinations of genomic, proteomic and bioinformatic research will provide deeper insights into disease mechanisms, novel markers for diagnostics and new molecular targets for therapeutic intervention. DNA and protein microarrays ...
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    Are we stuck in the standards? (2006)
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    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1374-1376 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Trying to make some sense of it all, But I can see that it makes no sense at all, Is it cool to go to sleep on the floor, 'Cause I don't think that I can take anymore Clowns to the left of me, jokers to the right, Here I am, stuck in the middle with you. Joe Egan and Gerry Rafferty There are ...
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    Corrigendum: Can science resolve the ethical impasse in stem cell research? (2006)
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    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1448-1448 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Nat. Biotechnol. 24, 397–400 (2006); published online 29 March 2006; corrected after print 8 November 2006. In the version of this article initially published, on page 399, column 2, paragraph 4, the authors wrongly credited the idea for using cells from nonviable human embryos as an ...
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    Compact, universal DNA microarrays to comprehensively determine transcription-factor binding site specificities (2006)
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    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1429-1435 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Transcription factors (TFs) interact with specific DNA regulatory sequences to control gene expression throughout myriad cellular processes. However, the DNA binding specificities of only a small fraction of TFs are sufficiently characterized to predict the sequences that they can and cannot bind. ...
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    Reversal of mouse hepatic failure using an implanted liver-assist device containing ES cell–derived hepatocytes (2006)
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    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1412-1419 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
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    Notes: [Auszug] Severe acute liver failure, even when transient, must be treated by transplantation and lifelong immune suppression. Treatment could be improved by bioartificial liver (BAL) support, but this approach is hindered by a shortage of human hepatocytes. To generate an alternative source of cells for BAL ...
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    Vaccine manufacturing: challenges and solutions (2006)
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    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1377-1383 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] The recent influenza vaccine shortages have provided a timely reminder of the tenuous nature of the world's vaccine supply and the potential for manufacturing issues to severely disrupt vital access to important vaccines. The application of new technologies to the discovery, assessment, development ...
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    Making the most of microarrays (2006)
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    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1039-1039 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] No technology embodies the rise of 'omic' science more than the DNA microarray. First reduced to practice in the early 1990s, it has since undergone numerous iterations, adaptations and refinements to achieve its present status as the platform of choice for massively parallel gene expression ...
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    Brazil next biotech trailblazer in Latin America? (2006)
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    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1184-1184 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
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    Notes: [Auszug] One year on from the enforcement of Brazil's innovation law, the first national innovation law in Latin America, it has already earned praise from the country's scientific community, especially from that part dealing with applied research in industry and agriculture, with an emphasis on biotech. ...
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    Profile: Michael Fernandez (2006)
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    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1188-1188 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
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    Notes: [Auszug] When Michael Fernandez took over as director of the Pew Initiative on Food and Biotechnology (PIFB) in September 2005, his former boss bequeathed to him a lava lamp for his desk. Oddly enough, the lamp had been the prize for a Halloween costume that parodied Fernandez' image as a dapper science ...
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    Reactions to Eprex's adverse reactions (2006)
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    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1199-1200 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
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    Notes: [Auszug] To the editor: In their letter of correspondence “Eprex-associated pure red cell aplasia and leachates” in the June issue (Nat. Biotechnol. 24, 613–614, 2006), Schellekens & Jiskoot discuss what they consider to be flaws in Johnson & Johnson's (J&J; New Brunswick, NJ, ...
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    Biotech buybacks—good or bad? (2006)
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    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1207-1207 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] When a biotech company succeeds, it can find more cash in the bank than needed for research and development. It may decide to buy back, or repurchase, its own shares. A buyback is neither good nor bad by definition, but may be smart, dumb or bordering on fraudulent. To make you a savvier, more ...
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    The art of gene function prediction (2006)
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    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1474-1475 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] To the editor: Determining the functions of genes and proteins is a central problem in biology, fundamental to understanding the molecular and biochemical processes that sustain health or cause disease, to identifying and validating new drug targets and to developing reliable diagnostics. Recent ...
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    Putting proteins on the map (2006)
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    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1223-1224 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] The emergence of systems biology has led to a demand for quantitative, comprehensive data on all aspects of biological phenomena. Some aspects, such as RNA expression and protein structure, have received much attention, while others, such as protein location, have lagged behind. In this issue, ...
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    Deciphering bioplastic production (2006)
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    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1227-1229 
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    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] The shift toward sustainable production systems has focused attention on bioplastics, which can be produced by many microorganisms from renewable raw materials. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are natural polyesters synthesized in the form of discrete intracellular granules in abundances that can ...
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    Wastewater genomics (2006)
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    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1229-1230 
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    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Wastewater treatment around the world relies largely on microbial ecosystems, yet little is known about the organisms involved. This 'black box' system mediates aerobic and anaerobic processes that diminish high phosphate loads in wastewaters, a process known as enhanced biological phosphate ...
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    Biosynthetic labeling of RNA with uracil phosphoribosyltransferase allows cell-specific microarray analysis of mRNA synthesis and decay (2005)
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    Nature biotechnology 23 (2005), S. 232-237 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Standard microarrays measure mRNA abundance, not mRNA synthesis, and therefore cannot identify the mechanisms that regulate gene expression. We have developed a method to overcome this limitation by using the salvage enzyme uracil phosphoribosyltransferase (UPRT) from the protozoan Toxoplasma ...
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    Complete genome sequence of the acetic acid bacterium Gluconobacter oxydans (2005)
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    Nature biotechnology 23 (2005), S. 195-200 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Gluconobacter oxydans is unsurpassed by other organisms in its ability to incompletely oxidize a great variety of carbohydrates, alcohols and related compounds. Furthermore, the organism is used for several biotechnological processes, such as vitamin C production. To further our understanding of ...
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    Detection of parallel functional modules by comparative analysis of genome sequences (2005)
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    Nature biotechnology 23 (2005), S. 253-260 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Parallel functional modules are separate sets of proteins in an organism that catalyze the same or similar biochemical reactions but act on different substrates or use different cofactors. They originate by gene duplication during evolution. Parallel functional modules provide versatility and ...
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    Corrigendum: ORFeome cloning and global analysis of protein localization in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe (2006)
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    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1033-1033 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Nat. Biotechnol. 24, 841–847 (2006); published online 25 June 2006; corrected after print 25 July 2006 In the print version of this article and the version initially published online, the last sentence of the URLs section in Methods, p.846, reads, “Sequence information regarding the ...
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    Minimum information requested in the annotation of biochemical models (MIRIAM) (2005)
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    Nature biotechnology 23 (2005), S. 1509-1515 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
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    Notes: [Auszug] Most of the published quantitative models in biology are lost for the community because they are either not made available or they are insufficiently characterized to allow them to be reused. The lack of a standard description format, lack of stringent reviewing and authors' carelessness are the ...
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    The complete genome sequence of the meat-borne lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus sakei 23K (2005)
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    Nature biotechnology 23 (2005), S. 1527-1533 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Lactobacillus sakei is a psychrotrophic lactic acid bacterium found naturally on fresh meat and fish. This microorganism is widely used in the manufacture of fermented meats and has biotechnological potential in biopreservation and food safety. We have explored the 1,884,661-base-pair (bp) circular ...
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    Efficient differentiation of human embryonic stem cells to definitive endoderm (2005)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 23 (2005), S. 1534-1541 
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    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] The potential of human embryonic stem (hES) cells to differentiate into cell types of a variety of organs has generated much excitement over the possible use of hES cells in therapeutic applications. Of great interest are organs derived from definitive endoderm, such as the pancreas. We have ...
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    Combined static and dynamic analysis for determining the quality of time-series expression profiles (2005)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 23 (2005), S. 1503-1508 
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    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Expression profiling of time-series experiments is widely used to study biological systems. However, determining the quality of the resulting profiles remains a fundamental problem. Because of inadequate sampling rates, the effect of arrest-and-release methods and loss of synchronization, the ...
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    Corrigendum: Design of a genome-wide siRNA library using an artificial neural network (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1033-1033 
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    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Nat. Biotechnol. 23, 995–1001 (2005), published online 17 July 2005; corrected after print 25 July 2006 In the Methods section, p. 1,000, col. 2, paragraph 2, the text beginning: “The whole plate was discarded if for any time point...” and ending, “The final data set ...
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    Corrigendum: Dual selection enhances the signaling specificity of a variant of the quorum-sensing transcriptional activator LuxR (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1033-1033 
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    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Nat. Biotechnol. 24, 708–712 (2006); published online 21 May 2006; corrected after print 25 July 2006 In the Methods section, p.711, “Library construction and selection,” line 11 of the print version of this article and the version initially published online, the plates used for ...
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    Inference in Bayesian networks (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 51-53 
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    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] How does one model a simple cell-signaling pathway? Consider a simple example consisting of a stimulant, an extracellular signal, an inhibitor of the signal, a G protein–coupled receptor, a G protein and the cellular response. The stimulant induces production of the extracellular signal in ...
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    Engineering and characterization of a superfolder green fluorescent protein (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 79-88 
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    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Existing variants of green fluorescent protein (GFP) often misfold when expressed as fusions with other proteins. We have generated a robustly folded version of GFP, called 'superfolder' GFP, that folds well even when fused to poorly folded polypeptides. Compared to 'folding reporter' GFP, a ...
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    Extracellular accumulation of recombinant proteins fused to the carrier protein YebF in Escherichia coli (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 100-104 
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    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Bacterial protein secretion is important in the life cycles of most bacteria, in which it contributes to the formation of pili and flagella and makes available extracellular enzymes to digest polymers for nutritional purposes and toxins to kill host cells in infections of humans, animals and ...
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    Transgenic crops expressing Bacillus thuringiensis toxins and biological control (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 63-71 
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    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] The area devoted to growing transgenic plants expressing insecticidal Cry proteins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is increasing worldwide. A major concern with the adoption of Bt crops is their potential impact on nontarget organisms including biological control organisms. Regulatory ...
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    Tysabri back on market (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 874-874 
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    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] The return of the multiple sclerosis (MS) drug Tysabri (natalizumab) to the US market, sanctioned by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on June 5, and its first-time approval in the EU, announced on June 29, was welcomed by investors. The move should also eventually lead to a clearer ...
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    Alfimeprase to succeed Genentech's alteplase? (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 875-876 
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    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Nuvelo is forging ahead with phase 3 trials on its blood-clot buster enzyme alfimeprase, with results expected early next year. The recombinant enzyme attracted the attention of Bayer Healthcare, which earlier this year signed a $385-million deal for alfimeprase's non-US rights—an ...
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0806-875
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    The problem with potency (2005)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 23 (2005), S. 1037-1039 
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    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] As the $30 billion monoclonal antibody (mAb) market moves from murine-based to chimeric and fully human products, it grows at a compounded clip of nearly 20% per year (see ). This spectacular growth—Synagis (pavilivizumb; MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland), Herceptin (trastuzumab; ...
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    Problems with metagenomic screening (2005)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 23 (2005), S. 1045-1045 
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    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] To the editor: The paper by Kazuya Watanabe and colleagues published in the January issue (Nat. Biotechnol. 23, 88–93, 2005) is framed both in the paper itself and in the accompanying News & Views by Jo Handelsman (Nat. Biotechnol. 23, 38–39, 2005) as an astute, general genetic ...
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    Reply to "Problems with metagenomic screening" (2005)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 23 (2005), S. 1045-1046 
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    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Watanabe and colleagues respond: de Lorenzo outlines some possible limitations of the substrate-induced gene expression screening (SIGEX) method. Although we discussed many of the points in his letter in our paper, it is worth reiterating them to emphasize the challenges faced in designing a ...
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    Open source and biotech (2005)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 23 (2005), S. 1046-1046 
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    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] To the editor: Your editorial in the June issue (Nat. Biotechnol. 23, 633, 2005) on the biotech open source movement skirted round one critical difference between biotech and the software industry whose 'open source' movement Richard Jefferson seeks to emulate. Writing software is cheap and can be ...
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