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  • 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics  (11)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (8)
  • Elsevier  (3)
  • Copernicus
  • 2010-2014  (11)
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Keywords
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Years
Year
  • 1
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    Temperature variations of constitutive parameters can significantly affect the fault dynamics (2011)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A rate- and state-dependent governing law with temperature-dependent constitutive parameters is considered on the basis of laboratory inferences. We model the whole seismic cycle of a homogeneous fault obeying to such a law by adopting a spring-slider dashpot fault analog model. We show that the variations of the parameter a (accounting for the so-called direct effect) with the temperature cause the system to enter, at high speeds, in a conditionally stable regime and also in a velocity strengthening regime. Although we do not observe the complete cessation of slip we can see a severe reduction of the degree of the instability of the fault. In particular, the peaks of the sliding velocity are reduced, as well as the developed temperature due to frictional sliding and the released stress during each instability event. Moreover, the recurrence times are reduced of a factor of two with respect to a reference configuration, where the canonical formulation of rate and state friction (with temporally constant parameters) is assumed. The obtained results can help the interpretation of high velocities laboratory experiments and further illuminate the importance of the temperature in the context of seismic hazard assessment.
    Description: Published
    Description: 272-278
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Dynamic modeling ; Temperature filed ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Fault geometry, coseismic-slip distribution and Coulomb stress change associated with the 2009 April 6, Mw 6.3, L’Aquila earthquake from inversion of GPS displacements (2011)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The 2009 April 6, Mw= 6.3 L’Aquila earthquake occurred within a complex system of NW–SE trending normal faults in the Abruzzi Central Apennines (Italy). We analyse the coseismic deformation as measured by 〉70 global positioning system (GPS) stations, both from continuous and survey-mode networks, providing unprecedented details for a moderate normal faulting earthquake in Italy from GPS measurements. We use rectangular, uniform-slip, dislocations embedded in an elastic, homogeneous and isotropic half-space and a constrained, non-linear optimization algorithm, to solve for the best-fitting rectangular dislocation geometry and coseismic-slip distribution. We use a bootstrap approach to investigate uncertainties in the model parameters and define confidence bounds for all the inverted parameters. The rupture occurred on a N129°E striking and 50° southwestward dipping normal fault, in agreement with geological observations of surface breaks along the Paganica fault. Our distributed slip model exhibits a zone of relatively higher slip (〉60 cm) between ∼1.5 and ∼11 km depth, along a roughly downdip, NW–SE elongated patch, confined within the fault plane inverted assuming uniform-slip. The highest slip, of the order of ∼1 m, occurred on a ∼16 km2 area located at ∼5 km depth, SE of the mainshock epicentre. The analysis of model resolution suggests that slip at depth below ∼5 km can be resolved only at a spatial scale larger than 2 km, so a finer discretization of different asperities within the main patch of coseismic-slip is not allowed by GPS data. We compute the coseismic Coulomb stress changes in the crustal volume affected by the major aftershocks, and compare the results obtained from the uniform-slip and the heterogeneous-slip models. We find that most of the large aftershocks occurred in areas of Coulomb stress increase of 0.2–13 bar and that a deepening of the slip distribution down to a depth greater than 6 km in the SE part of the fault plane, in agreement with the inverted slip model, can explain the deepest, April 7, Mw 5.3 aftershock.
    Description: Published
    Description: 473-489
    Description: 1.9. Rete GPS nazionale
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Satellite geodesy ; Space geodetic surveys ; Earthquake ground motions ; Earthquake source observations ; Earthquake interaction, forecasting, and prediction ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.02. Earthquake interactions and probability ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
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    Post-seismic relaxation following the 2009 April 6, L’Aquila (Italy), earthquake revealed by the mass position of a broad-band seismometer (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-03-16
    Description: Post-seismic relaxation is known to occur after large or moderate earthquakes, on time scales ranging from days to years or even decades. In general, long-term deformation following seismic events has been detected by means of standard geodetic measurements, although seismic instruments are only used to estimate short timescale transient processes. Albeit inertial seismic sensors are also sensitive to rotation around their sensitive axes, the recording of very slow inclination of the ground surface at their standard output channels is practically impossible, because of their design characteristics. However, modern force-balance, broad- band seismometers provide the possibility to detect and measure slow surface inclination, through the analysis of the mass position signal. This output channel represents the integral of the broad-band velocity and is generally considered only for state-of-health diagnostics. In fact, the analysis of mass position data recorded at the time of the 2009 April 6, L’Aquila (MW = 6.3) earthquake, by a closely located STS-2 seismometer, evidenced the occurrence of a very low frequency signal, starting right at the time of the seismic event. This waveform is only visible on the horizontal components and is not related to the usual drift coupled with the temperature changes. This analysis suggests that the observed signal is to be ascribed to slowly developing ground inclination at the station site, caused by post-seismic relaxation following the main shock. The observed tilt reached 1.7 × 10−5 rad in about 2 months. This estimate is in very good agreement with the geodetic observations, giving comparable tilt magnitude and direction at the same site. This study represents the first seismic analysis ever for the mass position signal, suggesting useful applications for usually neglected data.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1717-1724
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Seismic cycle ; Earthquake source observations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    Geochemical evidence for and characterization of CO2 rich gas sources in the epicentral area of the Abruzzo 2009 earthquakes (2011)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We describe the results of a detailed hydrogeochemical campaign on the groundwater circulating in two regional aquifers located in the area of the Abruzzo 2009 earthquakes. The influx of deeply derived CO2 rich gases into the two aquifers is highlighted by the 13C isotopic composition of dissolved carbon species. The source of the gas is roughly localised beneath the epicentral area of the earthquakes where the presence of sources of fluids under high pressure is suggested by seismological investigations. The carbon isotopic-mass balance of the aquifers indicates that the amount of the deep CO2 dissolved and transported by the groundwaters is ~530 t/day. The chemical and isotopic composition of the gas entering the aquifers, named Abruzzo gas, has been derived by comparing the data measured in the springs with the results of a gas–water– rock reaction model, that simulates the evolution of the chemical and isotopic composition of groundwater affected by the input of a deeply-derived CO2 rich gas phase. The composition of Abruzzo gas is compared to that of 40 large gas emissions located in central Italy. The gas becomes progressively richer in radiogenic elements (4He and 40Ar) and in N2, from the volcanic complexes in the west to the Apennines in the east. The Abruzzo gas, in agreement with its location, well matches the composition of the gases emitted in the pre- Apennine region. These geochemical features, consistent with the structural setting of the region, indicate increasing residence times of the gas in the crust moving from west to east. In particular we suggest that the strong increase in radiogenic crustal gases reflects the occurrence of deep traps where the gas is stored at high pressures for a long time and that such high pressure gas pockets play a major role in the generation of Apennine earthquakes.
    Description: Published
    Description: 389–398
    Description: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
    Description: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: carbon dioxide ; Abruzzo earthquakes ; carbon isotopes ; helium isotopes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    New kinematic constraints of the western Doruneh fault, north-eastern Iran, from interseismic deformation analysis (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We used the SBAS DInSAR analysis technique to estimate the interseismic deformation along the western part of the Doruneh fault system (DFS), northeastern Iran. We processed 90 ENVISAT images from four different frames from ascending and descending orbits. Three of the ground velocity maps show a significant interseismic signal. Using a simple dislocation approach we model 2-D velocity profiles concerning three InSAR data set relative to the western part of the DFS, obtaining a good fit to the observations. The resulting model indicates that a slip rate of ∼5mmyr−1 accumulates on the fault below 10 km depth, and that in its western sector the Doruneh fault is not purely strike-slip (left-lateral) as in its central part, but shows a significant thrust component. Based on published geological observations, and assuming that all interseismic deformation is recovered with a single event, we can estimate a characteristic recurrence interval between 630 and 1400 yr.
    Description: Published
    Description: 622-628
    Description: 1.10. TTC - Telerilevamento
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Image processing; Satellite geodesy; Seismic cycle; Radar interferometry; Seismicity and tectonics; Continental tectonics: strike-slip and transform. ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    Magnitude scale for LP events: a quantification scheme for volcanic quakes (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The peculiar source characteristics of long-period seismic events (time persistency of the source, low-frequency peaks in the source spectrum, absence of high-frequency radiation) prevent the formation of a definite high-frequency coda in the seismograms. In contrast, this is well formed in volcano–tectonic quakes. For this reason, the widely used duration magnitude scale that is based on the proportionality between the energy and the coda duration cannot be used for long-period estimation. In observatory practice, the long-period magnitude is sometimes estimated using the same duration magnitude scale, leading to confusing results. In this report, we show a new method to estimate the magnitude of long-period events that generally occur for volcanoes, with some application examples from data for Mt Etna (Italy), Colima Volcano (Mexico) and Campi Flegrei (Italy).
    Description: Published
    Description: 911-919
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Earthquake source observations; ; Volcano monitoring ; Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Are the source models of the M7.1 1908 Messina Straits earthquake reliable? Insights from a novel inversion and a sensitivity analysis of levelling data (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: For decades, many authors have attempted to define the location, geometry and kinematics of the causative fault for the 1908 December 28, M 7.1 earthquake that struck the Messina Straits between Sicily and Calabria (southern Italy). The coseismic displacement caused a predominant downwarping of the Straits and small land uplift away from it, which were documented by levelling surveys performed 1 yr before and immediately after the earthquake. Most of the source models based on inversion of levelling data suggested that the earthquake was caused by a low angle, east-dipping blind normal fault, whose upper projection intersects the Earth surface on the Sicilian (west) side of the Messina Straits.An alternative interpretation holds that the causative fault is one of the high-angle, west-dipping faults located in southern Calabria, on the eastern side of the Straits, and may in large part coincide with the mapped Armo Fault. Here, we critically review the levelling data with the aim of defining both their usefulness and limits in modelling the seismogenic fault. We demonstrate that the levelling data alone are not capable of discriminating between the two oppositely dipping fault models, and thus their role as a keystone for modellers is untenable. However, new morphotectonic and geodetic data indicate that the Armo Fault has very recent activity and is accumulating strain. The surface observations, together with appraisal ofmacroseismic intensity distribution, available seismic tomography and marine geophysical evidence, lends credit to the hypothesis that the Armo and possibly the S. Eufemia faults are part of a major crustal structure that slipped during the 1908 earthquake.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1025-1041
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Earthquake source ; Messina Straits ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.03. Inverse methods ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.04. Statistical analysis
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    The 2009 L'Aquila (Central Italy) seismic sequence as a chaotic process (2010)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In this paper we demonstrate that the seismic sequence of foreshocks culminating with the recent Mw=6.3 main shock on April 6, 2009 in L'Aquila (Central Italy) evolved as a chaotic process. To do this, we apply a nonlinear retrospective prediction to this seismic sequence and look at the temporal behaviour of the error between predicted and actual occurrence of the main shock when gradually increasing parts of the sequence are considered. This is a generalisation of the typical nonlinear approach which is quite powerful to detect chaos in relatively short time series. The method of prediction is based on the Accelerated Strain Release (ASR) analysis in time and on the nonlinear forecasting approach in a reconstructed phase space. We find that i) the temporal decay of the prediction error is consistent with an exponential function with a time constant τ of about 10 days and ii) at around 6 days before the main shock, ASR analysis is quite powerful for anticipating the time of occurrence with an uncertainty of about a day. Due to its retrospective characteristics, the latter result could be affected by changes on some a-priori parameters used in the application of the ASR technique. However, we consider these findings, together with those obtained from the phase-space analysis, to be strong evidence that the studied sequence of foreshocks was produced by a physical process dominated by a significant chaotic component characterised by a K-entropy=1/τ of about 0.1 day−1. This result could have important implications for the predictability of the possible main shock for those seismic sequences showing analogous nonlinear chaotic properties.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Seismic sequence ; Chaotic process ; Accelerated Strain Release ; Nonlinear prediction ; Phase-space reconstruction ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.04. Statistical analysis
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    Post-seismic slip of the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake from GPS observations: implications for depth-dependent properties of subduction megathrusts (2014)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-25
    Description: Here we inverted the GPS data to infer the coseismic slip of the Tohoku-Oki earthquake and the time-dependent afterslip distribution in the 4 months following the main shock. The Tohoku-Oki earthquake showed an unexpected magnitude and a characteristic depth-dependent differentiation of seismic energy radiation. In this context the estimation and comparison of the distribution of the fault portions that slip coseismically and post-seismically contribute to a better understanding of the variation of frictional characteristics of the plate interface. The inferred coseismic slip extends in a relatively compact region located updip from the hypocentre and reaches its highest value (about 60 m) near the trench. Afterslip occurs mostly outside the coseismic rupture and is distributed in two main modal centres. It reaches its largest values in an area located downdip of the coseismic slip and extends to a depth of 80 km. In the depth range between 30 and 50 km afterslip overlaps the portion of the fault that experienced historical moderate earthquakes, high-frequency seismic radiation and thrust-type aftershocks. The behaviour of this area can be explained by a rheologically heterogeneous region made of a ductile fault matrix interspersed with compact brittle asperities. On the contrary, the region beneath 50–60 km depth is probably characterized by a fully velocity strengthening behaviour. Southern afterslip, located off-Chiba Prefecture, is probably related to the Mw 7.9 Ibaraki-Oki aftershock. The northward extension of the afterslip stops at a latitude of about 40◦ N, just south of the off-Aomori region. This may be related to three large events occurred in this area during the last century and the consequent strong coupling or complete depletion of the accumulated strain that characterize this region.
    Description: Published
    Description: 580-596
    Description: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Satellite geodesy; Seismic cycle; Earthquake source observations; Subduction zone processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.04. Plate boundaries, motion, and tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.06. Subduction related processes
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    Anomalous far-field geodetic signature related to the 2009 L’Aquila (central Italy) earthquake (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-24
    Description: The broad availability of geodetic measurements for the Mw 6.3 April 6th 2009 L’Aquila earthquake allowed an unprecedented description of the co- and post-seismic ground deformations, leading to the definition of the Paganica fault geometry and kinematics. Through DInSAR, we found, in a wide area of 20 kilometres on the Paganica hangingwall, a further displacement up to 7 cm, which might have occurred in the earthquake proximity. In this study, we explore the possibility of the co-, post- and pre-seismic alternative scenarios. Although our data are not sufficient to undoubtedly prove that this signal occurred before the main event, this seems to be the most likely hypothesis based on tectonics constraints and image acquisition times. The nature of this deformation remains unclear, but we speculate that deep fluids played a role. These results can drive ad hoc requirements for future space-based missions and design of the GPS network.
    Description: Published
    Description: 343–351
    Description: 1.10. TTC - Telerilevamento
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: InSAR ; L'Aquila earthquake ; GPS ; Anomalous signature ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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