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  • Chemical Engineering  (3,297)
  • 2010-2014  (3)
  • 1990-1994  (3,294)
  • 1
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    The art of entrepreneurship (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Langer, Robert S -- Gura, Trisha -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Nov 28;346(6213):1146. doi: 10.1126/science.346.6213.1146.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Trisha Gura is a freelance writer who lives in Boston. For more on life and careers visit www.sciencecareers.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25430772" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biotechnology ; *Career Choice ; Chemical Engineering ; *Entrepreneurship ; *Science
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Biofuels. Engineering alcohol tolerance in yeast (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-04
    Description: Ethanol toxicity in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae limits titer and productivity in the industrial production of transportation bioethanol. We show that strengthening the opposing potassium and proton electrochemical membrane gradients is a mechanism that enhances general resistance to multiple alcohols. The elevation of extracellular potassium and pH physically bolsters these gradients, increasing tolerance to higher alcohols and ethanol fermentation in commercial and laboratory strains (including a xylose-fermenting strain) under industrial-like conditions. Production per cell remains largely unchanged, with improvements deriving from heightened population viability. Likewise, up-regulation of the potassium and proton pumps in the laboratory strain enhances performance to levels exceeding those of industrial strains. Although genetically complex, alcohol tolerance can thus be dominated by a single cellular process, one controlled by a major physicochemical component but amenable to biological augmentation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4401034/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4401034/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lam, Felix H -- Ghaderi, Adel -- Fink, Gerald R -- Stephanopoulos, Gregory -- R01 GM035010/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01-GM035010/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 3;346(6205):71-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1257859. Epub 2014 Oct 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA. Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA. ; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA. ; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA. gfink@wi.mit.edu gregstep@mit.edu. ; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA. gfink@wi.mit.edu gregstep@mit.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25278607" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biofuels ; Cation Transport Proteins/genetics ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Chemical Engineering ; *Drug Resistance, Fungal/genetics ; Ethanol/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Fermentation ; Genetic Engineering ; Glucose/metabolism ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Phosphates/*metabolism ; Potassium Compounds/*metabolism ; Proton Pumps/genetics ; Proton-Translocating ATPases/genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/drug effects/genetics/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics ; Up-Regulation ; Xylose/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Chemistry. Algae under pressure and in hot water (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Savage, Phillip E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Nov 23;338(6110):1039-40. doi: 10.1126/science.1224310.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Chemical Engineering Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. psavage@umich.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23180853" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biofuels ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Chemical Engineering ; Chlorophyta/*chemistry/growth & development ; *Hot Temperature ; *Hydrostatic Pressure ; *Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct patterning using metallo-organics and its application to mask repair (1992)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 32 (1992), S. 1605-1609 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Au patterns are formed by photographical patterning of polymeric Au mercaptoterpenes (Au resinate), followed by bakeout of the Au resinate patterns to remove carbonaceous materials. Since commercially available Au resinate is not sensitive to 436 nm (g-line) light and cannot be photographically patterned, we mixed azide (photocrosslinker) with Au resinate to give photosensitivity to the g-line. The mixture of Au resinate and azide was spun on an Si substrate, and then exposed with 436 nm (g-line) light by a standard contact printing technique. Upon exposure, Au resinate was crosslinked by the reaction with azide, and became insoluble. Au resinate patterns were generated by development with monochlorobenzene. On baking out the Au resinate patterns to remove carbonaceous materials, we obtained 2 μm line and space Au patterns. The conductivity of the Au patterns obtained was 1/4 that of bulk Au. For a mask repair application, we mixed Cr resinate with a mixture of Au resinate and azide to improve the adhesion of the resulting metal patterns onto the quartz plate. The transmittance and the adhesion were found to depend on the bakeout condition and the mixing ratios of the Cr resinate. Bakeout in vacuum with 0.1 torr oxygen gave far better adhesion and opaqueness than bakeout in air, because of residual carbon in the resultant metal. Mask repair was carried out at the optimized condition by using a spot exposure system. The clear defect was repaired with the transmittance 〈 1% and good adhesion.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760322111
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel auto-photosensitive polyimides with tailored properties (1992)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 32 (1992), S. 1623-1629 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An overview is given on auto-photosensitive polyimides as introduced for the first time in 1985. It is shown how development proceeded and how the chemical basis of auto-photosensitive polyimides was extended beyond BTDA. Novel “photosensitizer tetracarboxylic dianhydrides” like 2,3,6,7-thioxanthonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (TXDA) were synthesized and copolymerized into preimidized nonphotoactive polyimides containing tetracarboxylic acids like 6FDA or ODPA. Novel photosensitive polyimides were obtained that carry all essential features of BTDA based systems plus higher photospeed. They provide the ability to better tailor material properties to specific applications.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760322115
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rubber-toughening of glass fiber-epoxy filament wound composites (1991)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 31 (1991), S. 1057-1063 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An attempt was made to improve the properties of filament wound glass fiber-epoxy composites by addition of carboxyl-terminated-butadiene-acrylonitrile (CTBN)-rubber to the matrix. The interlaminar GIc of unidirectional glass fiber-epoxy increased significantly with CTBN addition whereas the flexural strength decreased. The weepage stress in hoop loading of ±50 degree angle-ply pipes was higher for unmodified as compared with 10 phr CTBN-modified epoxy matrix pipes. However, the strain at weepage and the stress and strain at nonlinearity were higher for the pipes based on toughened epoxy. The reason for the lower weepage stress is that, although the toughened matrix pipes show higher resistance to cracking, their stiffness is lower. The addition of small amounts of CTBN-rubber (about 5 percent by weight is suggested) to the present epoxy matrix for filament winding can be done with only a minor increase in viscosity. This is a way of toughness enhancement for applications where the matrix stiffness reduction and increased moisture absorption are of minor importance.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760311410
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1991)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 31 (1991) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760311501
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Orientation of precrystallized poly(ethylene terephthalate) (1991)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 31 (1991), S. 1071-1078 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The orientation characteristics of crystalline poly(ethylene terephthalate), PET, were studied as a function of degree of crystallinity, orientation temperature, and stretch ratio. Oriented samples were analyzed with respect to mechanical, shrinkage, and barrier properties. The results show that (a) significant impact property improvement can be achieved by orienting crystallized PET, (b) the modulus, ultimate strength, and yield stress increase with orientation of precrystallized PET, (c) the initial degree of crystallinity can affect the strain-hardening properties of PET, and (d) the total amounts of shrinkage and shrinkage stress of stretched PET increase with increasing amounts of crystallinity before orientation.
    Additional Material: 24 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760311412
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The permeability and compressibility of aligned and cross-plied carbon fiber beds during processing of composites (1991)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 31 (1991), S. 1064-1070 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Two of the most important input parameters needed to simulate the processing of continuous fiber laminated composites are the fiber bed permeability and the portion of the autoclave load borne by the consolidating fiber network (compressibility). In this study we have experimentally examined how both these parameter change with resin volume fraction as pressure is applied and consolidation proceeds. For a unidirectional fiber bed, the Kozeny-Carman equation can be used to predict both the transverse (perpendicular to the laminate plies) permeability (Kozeny constant, K′z = 11) and the axial (parallel to the fibers) permeability (Kozeny constant, K′X = 0.57). The axial permeability was found to be dependent on the surface tension of the permeant. For a unidirectionally aligned fiber, the measured transverse permeabilities varied from 1.1 × 10-10 cm2 to 12. × 10-9 cm2 while the axial values varied from 2.1 × 10-9 to 4.4 × 10-8 cm2 for a liquid volume fraction range of 0.25 to 0.5. Axial permeability measurements indicate that the permeability decreases with increasing off-axis angle × (measured from the laminate axial direction). The off-axis permeability behavior can be described by a modified Kozeny-Carman equation. The fiber network compressibility can be described with a logarithmic relation which has been found valid for a large number of consolidated soils.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760311411
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pultruded fiber reinforced thermoplastic poly(methyl methacrylate) composites. Part I. Correlation of processing parameters for optimizing the process (1991)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 31 (1991), S. 1086-1093 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effect of processing parameters on the properties (tensile, flexural strength and modulus and impact strength, etc.) of pultruded fiber reinforced poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) composites has been studied. The processing parameters investigated included pulling rate, die temperature, and postcure. Wetting of fibers by PMMA resin was complete, and the fiber bundles were evenly distributed in the PMMA matrix. The conversion, molecular weight and viscosity of MMA prepolymer were studied by 1H-NMR, GPC and Brookfield viscometer. The optimum die temperature was determined from DSC diagram, molecular weight measurement and from the polymerization rate. The mechanical properties increased with the increasing postcure temperature and decreasing pulling rate and die temperature.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760311503
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