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  • 1
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    Inc 47-48 Status (2016)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-09
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: M16-5476 , Payload Operations and Integration Working Group Meeting; 26-28 Jul. 2016; Huntsville, AL ; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Defining the Relationship Between Biomarkers of Oxidative and Inflammatory Stress and the Risk for Atherosclerosis in Astronauts During and After Long-Duration Spaceflight (2017)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-08-25
    Description: Current human space travel consists primarily of long-duration missions onboard the International Space Station (ISS), but in the future may include exploration-class missions to nearby asteroids, Mars, or its moons. These missions will expose astronauts to increased risk of oxidative and inflammatory damage from a variety of sources, including radiation, psychological stress, reduced physical activity, diminished nutritional status, and hyperoxic exposure during extravehicular activity. Evidence exists that increased oxidative stress and inflammation can accelerate the development of atherosclerosis.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: JSC-CN-38038 , NASA Human Research Program Investigators' Workshop (HRP IWS 2017); 23-26 Jan. 2017; Galveston, TX; United States
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  • 3
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    Overview and Evaluation of a Computational Bone Physiology Modeling Toolchain and Its Application to Testing of Exercise Countermeasures (2018)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-11-24
    Description: Prolonged microgravity exposure disrupts natural bone remodeling processes and can lead to a significant loss of bone strength, increasing injury risk during missions and placing astronauts at a greater risk of bone fracture later in life. Resistance based exercise during missions is used to combat bone loss, but current exercise countermeasures do not completely mitigate the effects of microgravity. To address this concern, we present work to develop a personalizable, site-specific computational modeling tool chain of bone remodeling dynamics to understand and estimate changes in volumetric bone mineral density (BMD) in response to microgravityinduced bone unloading and in-flight exercise. The toolchain is evaluated against data collected from subjects in a 70-day bed rest study and is found to provide insight into the amount of exercise stimulus needed to minimize bone loss, quantitatively predicting post-study volumetric BMD of control subjects who did not perform exercise, and qualitatively predicting the effects of exercise. Results suggest that, with additional data, the toolchain could be improved to aid in developing customized in-flight exercise regimens and predict exercise effectiveness.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: NASA/TM-2018-219938 , E-19552 , GRC-EDAA-TN56704
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Engineering a Medical System for Human Spaceflight (2019)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-08
    Description: An historical look at exploration medicine, upcoming missions and medical challenges, risk and spaceflight events, getting the medicine into the engineering system
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: JSC-E-DAA-TN67135
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  • 5
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    Overview and Evaluation of a Computational Bone Physiology Modeling Toolchain and Its Application to Testing of Exercise Countermeasures (2019)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Prolonged microgravity exposure disrupts natural bone remodeling processes and can lead to a significant loss of bone strength, increasing injury risk during missions and placing astronauts at a greater risk of bone fracture later in life. Resistance-based exercise during missions is used to combat bone loss, but current exercise countermeasures do not completely mitigate the effects of microgravity. To address this concern, we present work to develop a personalizable, site-specific computational modeling toolchain of bone remodeling dynamics to understand and estimate changes in volumetric bone mineral density (BMD) in response to microgravity-induced bone unloading and in-flight exercise. The toolchain is evaluated against data collected from subjects in a 70-day bedrest study and is found to provide insight into the amount of exercise stimulus needed to minimize bone loss, quantitatively predicting post-study volumetric BMD of control subjects who did not perform exercise, and qualitatively predicting the effects of exercise. Results suggest that, with additional data, the toolchain could be improved to aid in developing customized in-flight exercise regimens and predict exercise effectiveness.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: GRC-E-DAA-TN68133 , E-19552-1
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  • 6
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    Mini Treadmill for Musculoskeletal Health (2015)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-06
    Description: Because NASA's approach to space exploration calls for long-term extended missions, there is a pressing need to equip astronauts with effective exercise regimens that will maintain musculoskeletal and cardiovascular health. ZIN Technologies, Inc., has developed an innovative miniature treadmill for use in both zero-gravity and terrestrial environments. The treadmill offers excellent periodic impact exercise to stimulate cardiovascular activity and bone remodeling as well as resistive capability to encourage full-body muscle maintenance. A novel speed-control algorithm allows users to modulate treadmill speed by adjusting stride, and a new subject load device provides a more Earth-like gravity replacement load. This new and compact treadmill offers a unique approach to managing astronaut health while addressing the inherent and stringent challenges of space flight. The innovation also has the potential to offer numerous terrestrial applications, as a real-time daily load stimulus (DLS) measurement feature provides an effective mechanism to combat or manage osteoporosis, a major public health threat for 55 percent of Americans over the age of 50.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: An Overview of SBIR Phase 2 Physical Sciences and Biomedical Technologies in Space; 11; NASA/TM-2015-218857
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  • 7
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    MPLA as an Innovative Immune Countermeasure (2018)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-10
    Description: Spaceflight perturbs the human immune system. Among other manifestations, crewmembers may experience latent herpes viruses reactivation due to impaired lymphocyte function, as well as allergic/hypersensitivity reactions. Considering future space travel will be of longer duration (thereby increasing stress, exposure to radiation, etc) with no rapid return option, it is of paramount importance to develop a countermeasure(s) to immune dysregulation. Monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) is a derivative of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a potent inflammatory agent that can cause septic shock. MPLA possesses the immune-stimulatory effects of LPS without the adverse inflammatory effects. We hypothesize that treating immune cells with MPLA will boost their function enough to overcome the inhibitory effects of microgravity. While MPLA has been tested as an adjuvant extensively in mice and preliminarily for human vaccines, it has never been assessed for efficacy in microgravity.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: JSC-E-DAA-TN61280
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    Process for Development of Space Flight Biomedical and Health Hardware According to the Requirements Needs of Users in Medical Device and Diagnostic Industry (2019)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-03
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: JSC-E-DAA-TN68066 , Aerospace Medicine Association Annual Scientific Meeting; May 05, 2019 - May 09, 2019; Las Vegas, NV; United States
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  • 9
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    Earth-Based Analogs & Modeling for Exercise Biomechanics in Space (2018)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-20
    Description: The biomechanics of exercise in space is difficult to study and there are unknowns surrounding exercise performance on future space exploration countermeasures systems. These issues are beginning to be addressed through enhanced modeling techniques fueled initially by human-in-the-loop data collections in ground-based environments. The presentation will focus on an effort completed at the University of South Florida to apply the Computer Assisted Rehabilitation Environment (CAREN) system to address a human spaceflight need. The research explored the interaction between a human and a moving platform while exercise was completed.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: JSC-E-DAA-TN64321
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  • 10
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    Re-evaluation of IIH as the Ideal Terrestrial Analog for Sans: Is There a Better Model to Consider? (2018)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-20
    Description: While astronauts are returning from long duration spaceflight with multiple ocular signs that mimic those seen in terrestrial patients with elevated intracranial pressure (ICP), evidence has yet to prove a clinically significant increase in ICP during space.1 Preliminary research evidence may even suggest that ICP decreases in microgravity. Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) has long been considered the ideal terrestrial analogue to Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome (SANS).1 However, there are several critical features of SANS that do not complement any reported case of IIH on Earth. These findings mandate a closer look at the accuracy of IIH as a terrestrial SANS analog.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: JSC-E-DAA-TN51874 , NASA Human Research Program Investigators Workshop; Jan 22, 2018; Galveston, TX; United States
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