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  • PANGAEA  (48,492)
  • Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
  • 2015-2019  (51,964)
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  • 1
  • 2
    Publication Date: 2022-11-29
    Description: Lake Towuti is a tectonic basin, surrounded by ultramafic rocks. Lateritic soils form through weathering and deliver abundant iron (oxy)hydroxides but very little sulfate to the lake and its sediment. To characterize the sediment biogeochemistry, we collected cores at three sites with increasing water depth and decreasing bottom water oxygen concentrations. Microbial cell densities were highest at the shallow site - a feature we attribute to the availability of labile organic matter and the higher abundance of electron acceptors due to oxic bottom water conditions. At the two other sites, OM degradation and reduction processes below the oxycline led to partial electron acceptor depletion. Genetic information preserved in the sediment as extracellular DNA provides information on aerobic and anaerobic heterotrophs related to Actinobacteria, Nitrospirae, Chloroflexi and Thermoplasmatales. These taxa apparently played a significant role in the degradation of sinking organic matter. However, extracellular DNA concentrations rapidly decrease with core depth. Despite very low sulfate concentrations, sulfate-reducing bacteria were present and viable in sediments at all three sites, as confirmed by measurement of potential sulfate reduction rates. Microbial community fingerprinting supported the presence of taxa related to Deltaproteobacteria and Firmicutes with demonstrated capacity for iron and sulfate reduction. Concomitantly, sequences of Ruminococcaceae, Clostridiales and Methanomicrobiales indicated potential for fermentative hydrogen and methane production. Such first insights into ferruginous sediments show that microbial populations perform successive metabolisms related to sulfur, iron and methane. In theory, iron reduction could reoxidize reduced sulfur compounds and desorb OM from iron minerals to allow remineralization to methane. Overall, we found that biogeochemical processes in the sediments can be linked to redox differences in the bottom waters of the three sites, like oxidant concentrations and the supply of labile OM. At the scale of the lacustrine record, our geomicrobiological study should provide a means to link the extant subsurface biosphere to past environments.
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2022-11-29
    Description: Pore water geochemistry and bulk sediment measurements of downcore profiles covering the upper 100 m-long sequence from site 1A, Lake Towuti, Indonesia
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The airborne laser scanning (ALS) datasets were acquired at the Arctic tundra site of Trail Valley Creek (TVC), Northwest Territories, Canada, which is underlain by continuous permafrost. Basic processing and filtering steps were applied to the ALS point cloud. Based on a classification into ground and vegetation points, a Digital Terrain Model (DTM) and rasters of mean and maximum vegetation heights are derived. Detailed metadata are included.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: A major uncertainty in determining the mass balance of the Antarctic ice sheet from measurements of satellite gravimetry, and to a lesser extent satellite altimetry, is the poorly known correction for the ongoing deformation of the solid Earth caused by glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA). In the past decade, much progress has been made in consistently modelling the ice sheet and solid Earth interactions; however, forward-modelling solutions of GIA in Antarctica remain uncertain due to the sparsity of constraints on the ice sheet evolution, as well as the Earth's rheological properties. An alternative approach towards estimating GIA is the joint inversion of multiple satellite data - namely, satellite gravimetry, satellite altimetry and GPS, which reflect, with different sensitivities, trends of recent glacial changes and GIA. Crucial to the success of this approach is the accuracy of the space-geodetic data sets. Here, we present reprocessed rates of surface-ice elevation change (Envisat/ICESat; 2003-2009), gravity field change (GRACE; 2003-2009) and bedrock uplift (GPS; 1995-2013). The data analysis is complemented by the forward-modelling of viscoelastic response functions to disc load forcing, allowing us to relate GIA-induced surface displacements with gravity changes for different rheological parameters of the solid Earth. The data and modelling results presented here form the basis for the joint inversion estimate of present-day ice-mass change and GIA in Antarctica. This paper presents the first of two contributions summarizing the work carried out within a European Space Agency funded study, REGINA.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 6
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2015-07-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jackson, Rebecca Williams -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jul 16;523(7560):290. doi: 10.1038/523290b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Big Rapids, Michigan, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26178956" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Mentors/*history ; Research Personnel/*history/*standards ; *Sexism
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2015-04-23
    Description: The current outbreak of Ebola virus in West Africa is unprecedented, causing more cases and fatalities than all previous outbreaks combined, and has yet to be controlled. Several post-exposure interventions have been employed under compassionate use to treat patients repatriated to Europe and the United States. However, the in vivo efficacy of these interventions against the new outbreak strain of Ebola virus is unknown. Here we show that lipid-nanoparticle-encapsulated short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) rapidly adapted to target the Makona outbreak strain of Ebola virus are able to protect 100% of rhesus monkeys against lethal challenge when treatment was initiated at 3 days after exposure while animals were viraemic and clinically ill. Although all infected animals showed evidence of advanced disease including abnormal haematology, blood chemistry and coagulopathy, siRNA-treated animals had milder clinical features and fully recovered, while the untreated control animals succumbed to the disease. These results represent the first, to our knowledge, successful demonstration of therapeutic anti-Ebola virus efficacy against the new outbreak strain in nonhuman primates and highlight the rapid development of lipid-nanoparticle-delivered siRNA as a countermeasure against this highly lethal human disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4467030/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4467030/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thi, Emily P -- Mire, Chad E -- Lee, Amy C H -- Geisbert, Joan B -- Zhou, Joy Z -- Agans, Krystle N -- Snead, Nicholas M -- Deer, Daniel J -- Barnard, Trisha R -- Fenton, Karla A -- MacLachlan, Ian -- Geisbert, Thomas W -- U19 AI109711/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19AI109711/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 May 21;521(7552):362-5. doi: 10.1038/nature14442. Epub 2015 Apr 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Tekmira Pharmaceuticals, Burnaby, British Columbia V5J 5J8, Canada. ; 1] Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77550, USA [2] Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77550, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25901685" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Disease Models, Animal ; Ebolavirus/classification/*drug effects/*genetics ; Female ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/pathology/prevention & control/*therapy/*virology ; Humans ; Macaca mulatta/virology ; Male ; Nanoparticles/*administration & dosage ; RNA, Small Interfering/*administration & dosage/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Survival Analysis ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome ; Viral Load/drug effects
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2015-06-07
    Description: The standard model of particle physics describes the fundamental particles and their interactions via the strong, electromagnetic and weak forces. It provides precise predictions for measurable quantities that can be tested experimentally. The probabilities, or branching fractions, of the strange B meson (B(s)(0)) and the B0 meson decaying into two oppositely charged muons (mu+ and mu-) are especially interesting because of their sensitivity to theories that extend the standard model. The standard model predicts that the B(s)(0) --〉micro+micro- and B(0) --〉micro+micro- decays are very rare, with about four of the former occurring for every billion mesons produced, and one of the latter occurring for every ten billion B0 mesons. A difference in the observed branching fractions with respect to the predictions of the standard model would provide a direction in which the standard model should be extended. Before the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN started operating, no evidence for either decay mode had been found. Upper limits on the branching fractions were an order of magnitude above the standard model predictions. The CMS (Compact Muon Solenoid) and LHCb (Large Hadron Collider beauty) collaborations have performed a joint analysis of the data from proton-proton collisions that they collected in 2011 at a centre-of-mass energy of seven teraelectronvolts and in 2012 at eight teraelectronvolts. Here we report the first observation of the B(s)(0) --〉 micro+micro- decay, with a statistical significance exceeding six standard deviations, and the best measurement so far of its branching fraction. Furthermore, we obtained evidence for the B(0) --〉 micro+micro- decay with a statistical significance of three standard deviations. Both measurements are statistically compatible with standard model predictions and allow stringent constraints to be placed on theories beyond the standard model. The LHC experiments will resume taking data in 2015, recording proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 teraelectronvolts, which will approximately double the production rates of B(s)(0) and B0 mesons and lead to further improvements in the precision of these crucial tests of the standard model.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉CMS and LHCb collaborations -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jun 4;522(7554):68-72.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26047778" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2015-12-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jacquet, Jennifer -- Brooks, Cassandra -- England -- Nature. 2015 Dec 3;528(7580):39. doi: 10.1038/528039a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉New York University, New York, USA. ; Stanford University, California, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26632577" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antarctic Regions ; Aquatic Organisms ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Euphausiacea ; Fisheries/*legislation & jurisprudence ; International Cooperation/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Perciformes
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2015-05-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Limardo, Alexander J -- Worden, Alexandra Z -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jun 4;522(7554):36-7. doi: 10.1038/nature14530. Epub 2015 May 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ocean Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA, and at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, California. ; 1] Department of Ocean Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA, and at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, California. [2] Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26017309" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Diatoms/*metabolism/*microbiology ; *Ecosystem ; Indoleacetic Acids/*metabolism ; Phytoplankton/*metabolism/*microbiology ; Rhodobacteraceae/*metabolism
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  • 11
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2015-04-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nordling, Linda -- England -- Nature. 2015 Apr 9;520(7546):142-3. doi: 10.1038/520142a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25855436" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Financing, Organized ; International Cooperation ; Research/economics/*organization & administration ; Research Support as Topic/economics
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2015-05-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Northup, Tracy -- England -- Nature. 2015 May 21;521(7552):295-6. doi: 10.1038/521295a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut fur Experimentalphysik, Universitat Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25993955" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 13
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2015-06-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2015 Jun 4;522(7554):6. doi: 10.1038/522006a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26040858" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemistry ; *Public Opinion ; Research Personnel/*ethics/standards ; Retraction of Publication as Topic ; Science/ethics/*standards ; Scientific Misconduct/*statistics & numerical data ; *Trust
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2015-07-15
    Description: Cells sense their environment and adapt to it by fine-tuning their transcriptome. Wired into this network of gene expression control are mechanisms to compensate for gene dosage. The increasing use of reverse genetics in zebrafish, and other model systems, has revealed profound differences between the phenotypes caused by genetic mutations and those caused by gene knockdowns at many loci, an observation previously reported in mouse and Arabidopsis. To identify the reasons underlying the phenotypic differences between mutants and knockdowns, we generated mutations in zebrafish egfl7, an endothelial extracellular matrix gene of therapeutic interest, as well as in vegfaa. Here we show that egfl7 mutants do not show any obvious phenotypes while animals injected with egfl7 morpholino (morphants) exhibit severe vascular defects. We further observe that egfl7 mutants are less sensitive than their wild-type siblings to Egfl7 knockdown, arguing against residual protein function in the mutants or significant off-target effects of the morpholinos when used at a moderate dose. Comparing egfl7 mutant and morphant proteomes and transcriptomes, we identify a set of proteins and genes that are upregulated in mutants but not in morphants. Among them are extracellular matrix genes that can rescue egfl7 morphants, indicating that they could be compensating for the loss of Egfl7 function in the phenotypically wild-type egfl7 mutants. Moreover, egfl7 CRISPR interference, which obstructs transcript elongation and causes severe vascular defects, does not cause the upregulation of these genes. Similarly, vegfaa mutants but not morphants show an upregulation of vegfab. Taken together, these data reveal the activation of a compensatory network to buffer against deleterious mutations, which was not observed after translational or transcriptional knockdown.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rossi, Andrea -- Kontarakis, Zacharias -- Gerri, Claudia -- Nolte, Hendrik -- Holper, Soraya -- Kruger, Marcus -- Stainier, Didier Y R -- England -- Nature. 2015 Aug 13;524(7564):230-3. doi: 10.1038/nature14580. Epub 2015 Jul 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26168398" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Brain/metabolism/pathology ; CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics ; *Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Larva/genetics ; Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics ; Morpholinos/genetics ; Mutation/*genetics ; *Phenotype ; Proteome/analysis ; *RNA Interference ; Suppression, Genetic/*genetics ; Transcriptome/genetics ; Up-Regulation/*genetics ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics ; Zebrafish/embryology/*genetics/metabolism ; Zebrafish Proteins/genetics
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2015-09-22
    Description: Piezo proteins are evolutionarily conserved and functionally diverse mechanosensitive cation channels. However, the overall structural architecture and gating mechanisms of Piezo channels have remained unknown. Here we determine the cryo-electron microscopy structure of the full-length (2,547 amino acids) mouse Piezo1 (Piezo1) at a resolution of 4.8 A. Piezo1 forms a trimeric propeller-like structure (about 900 kilodalton), with the extracellular domains resembling three distal blades and a central cap. The transmembrane region has 14 apparently resolved segments per subunit. These segments form three peripheral wings and a central pore module that encloses a potential ion-conducting pore. The rather flexible extracellular blade domains are connected to the central intracellular domain by three long beam-like structures. This trimeric architecture suggests that Piezo1 may use its peripheral regions as force sensors to gate the central ion-conducting pore.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ge, Jingpeng -- Li, Wanqiu -- Zhao, Qiancheng -- Li, Ningning -- Chen, Maofei -- Zhi, Peng -- Li, Ruochong -- Gao, Ning -- Xiao, Bailong -- Yang, Maojun -- England -- Nature. 2015 Nov 5;527(7576):64-9. doi: 10.1038/nature15247. Epub 2015 Sep 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences or Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. ; Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. ; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. ; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26390154" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; *Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Electric Conductivity ; Ion Channel Gating ; Ion Channels/*chemistry/metabolism/*ultrastructure ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Pliability ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits/chemistry/metabolism
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2015-07-02
    Description: Multicellularity is often considered a prerequisite for morphological complexity, as seen in the camera-type eyes found in several groups of animals. A notable exception exists in single-celled eukaryotes called dinoflagellates, some of which have an eye-like 'ocelloid' consisting of subcellular analogues to a cornea, lens, iris, and retina. These planktonic cells are uncultivated and rarely encountered in environmental samples, obscuring the function and evolutionary origin of the ocelloid. Here we show, using a combination of electron microscopy, tomography, isolated-organelle genomics, and single-cell genomics, that ocelloids are built from pre-existing organelles, including a cornea-like layer made of mitochondria and a retinal body made of anastomosing plastids. We find that the retinal body forms the central core of a network of peridinin-type plastids, which in dinoflagellates and their relatives originated through an ancient endosymbiosis with a red alga. As such, the ocelloid is a chimaeric structure, incorporating organelles with different endosymbiotic histories. The anatomical complexity of single-celled organisms may be limited by the components available for differentiation, but the ocelloid shows that pre-existing organelles can be assembled into a structure so complex that it was initially mistaken for a multicellular eye. Although mitochondria and plastids are acknowledged chiefly for their metabolic roles, they can also be building blocks for greater structural complexity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gavelis, Gregory S -- Hayakawa, Shiho -- White, Richard A 3rd -- Gojobori, Takashi -- Suttle, Curtis A -- Keeling, Patrick J -- Leander, Brian S -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jul 9;523(7559):204-7. doi: 10.1038/nature14593. Epub 2015 Jul 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada. ; 1] Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada [2] Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada [3] Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan. ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada. ; 1] Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan [2] Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia. ; 1] Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada [2] Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada [3] Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada [4] Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1Z8, Canada. ; 1] Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada [2] Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1Z8, Canada. ; 1] Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada [2] Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada [3] Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1Z8, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26131935" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Dinoflagellida/*genetics/physiology/*ultrastructure ; Genome, Protozoan/genetics ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Mitochondria/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Plastids/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Protozoan Proteins/genetics ; Rhodophyta/genetics ; *Symbiosis
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  • 17
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2015-10-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thomas, Gavin H -- England -- Nature. 2015 Oct 22;526(7574):516-7. doi: 10.1038/nature15638. Epub 2015 Oct 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26444233" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Birds/*classification/*genetics ; *High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; *Phylogeny ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA
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  • 18
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cressey, Daniel -- England -- Nature. 2015 Aug 20;524(7565):280-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26295084" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Appetite/drug effects ; Biomedical Research/*trends ; Cannabis/adverse effects/chemistry ; Child ; Colorado/epidemiology ; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) ; Dronabinol/administration & dosage/adverse effects/analysis/pharmacology ; Humans ; Marijuana Abuse/epidemiology/psychology ; Marijuana Smoking/*adverse effects/epidemiology/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Medical Marijuana/adverse effects/economics/*supply & distribution/therapeutic ; use ; Multiple Sclerosis/drug therapy ; Netherlands/epidemiology ; New Zealand/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Schizophrenia/chemically induced/epidemiology ; Seizures/drug therapy ; Sweden/epidemiology ; Young Adult
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2015-07-24
    Description: Bacteria secrete peptides and proteins to communicate, to poison competitors, and to manipulate host cells. Among the various protein-translocation machineries, the peptidase-containing ATP-binding cassette transporters (PCATs) are appealingly simple. Each PCAT contains two peptidase domains that cleave the secretion signal from the substrate, two transmembrane domains that form a translocation pathway, and two nucleotide-binding domains that hydrolyse ATP. In Gram-positive bacteria, PCATs function both as maturation proteases and exporters for quorum-sensing or antimicrobial polypeptides. In Gram-negative bacteria, PCATs interact with two other membrane proteins to form the type 1 secretion system. Here we present crystal structures of PCAT1 from Clostridium thermocellum in two different conformations. These structures, accompanied by biochemical data, show that the translocation pathway is a large alpha-helical barrel sufficient to accommodate small folded proteins. ATP binding alternates access to the transmembrane pathway and also regulates the protease activity, thereby coupling substrate processing to translocation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lin, David Yin-wei -- Huang, Shuo -- Chen, Jue -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jul 23;523(7561):425-30. doi: 10.1038/nature14623.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA [2] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26201595" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/*chemistry/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/deficiency/metabolism ; Clostridium thermocellum/*chemistry ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Models, Molecular ; Peptides/*metabolism/secretion ; Protein Binding ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2015-05-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roth, Anna -- Diederichs, Sven -- England -- Nature. 2015 May 14;521(7551):170-1. doi: 10.1038/521170a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉RNA Biology and Cancer Division, German Cancer Research Center, and at the Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25971508" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; *Gene Silencing ; Histone Deacetylases/*metabolism ; Male ; Mass Spectrometry/*methods ; Nuclear Proteins/*metabolism ; RNA, Long Noncoding/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic/*genetics ; X Chromosome/*genetics
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2015-09-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thomas, John Meurig -- England -- Nature. 2015 Sep 17;525(7569):325-6. doi: 10.1038/525325a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, and at Peterhouse, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 OFS, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26381979" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 22
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2015-06-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2015 Jun 4;522(7554):5. doi: 10.1038/522005a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26040857" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa, Western/epidemiology ; Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic/trends ; *Disaster Planning ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control ; Ebola Vaccines ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/*drug therapy/epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Humans ; *International Cooperation
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2015-11-19
    Description: The resiliency of the adult nervous system is markedly affected by the environment and the circumstances during infant and child development. As such, adults in resource-limited settings who may have experienced early deprivation are particularly vulnerable to subsequent neurological disorders. Adult populations in countries with relatively recent advances in economic development may still have a higher susceptibility to neurological illness or injury that is reflective of the socioeconomic environment that was present during that population's infancy and childhood. Brain and peripheral nervous system research conducted over the past decade in resource-limited settings has led to an impressive and growing body of knowledge that informs our understanding of neurological function and dysfunction, independent of geography. Neurological conditions feature prominently in the burgeoning epidemic of non-communicable diseases facing low- and middle-income countries. Neurological research in these countries is needed to address this burden of disease. Although the burden of more prevalent and severe neurological disease poses public health and clinical challenges in settings with limited neurological expertise, the same factors, along with genetic heterogeneity and the relative absence of ingrained clinical care practices, offer circumstances well-suited for the conduct of crucial future research that is globally relevant.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Birbeck, Gretchen L -- Meyer, Ana-Claire -- Ogunniyi, Adesola -- England -- Nature. 2015 Nov 19;527(7578):S167-71. doi: 10.1038/nature16031.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Epilepsy Division, Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, 265 Crittenden Boulevard, CU420694, Rochester, New York 14642-0694, USA. ; Chikankata Epilepsy Care Team, Chikankata Hospital, Private Bag S2, Mazabuka, Zambia. ; Department of Neurology, Yale University, P.O. Box 208018, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520-8018, USA. ; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Box 614-40100, Kisumu, Kenya. ; Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, PMB 5016, Ibadan 200001, Nigeria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26580323" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; *Aging/psychology ; Biomedical Research ; Child ; Developing Countries/economics ; Humans ; *Nervous System Diseases/diagnosis/economics/epidemiology/etiology ; *Resource Allocation
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2015-08-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cressey, Daniel -- England -- Nature. 2015 Aug 6;524(7563):18-9. doi: 10.1038/524018a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26245560" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 25
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2015-07-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Woolston, Chris -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jul 23;523(7561):491-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26207265" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Career Mobility ; *Communication ; Research Personnel/*education/psychology ; Science/manpower ; *Vocational Guidance
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2015-01-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lin, Henry -- Horn, Rainer -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jan 29;517(7536):553. doi: 10.1038/517553d.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China; and Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA. ; Christian Albrechts University zu Kiel, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25631433" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; China ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*trends ; Goals ; *International Cooperation ; Soil/*chemistry ; *United Nations ; Water Supply/standards
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2015-05-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉James, Richard D -- England -- Nature. 2015 May 21;521(7552):298-9. doi: 10.1038/521298a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Aerospace Engineering and Mechanics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25993957" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 28
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2015-05-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2015 May 28;521(7553):423. doi: 10.1038/521423e.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26017433" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2015-10-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Birney, Ewan -- Soranzo, Nicole -- England -- Nature. 2015 Oct 1;526(7571):52-3. doi: 10.1038/526052a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK. ; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1HH, UK, and at the School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26432243" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Genetic Variation/*genetics ; Genetics, Population/*standards ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Genomics/*standards ; Humans ; *Internationality ; *Physical Chromosome Mapping
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2015-09-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Geddes, Linda -- England -- Nature. 2015 Sep 24;525(7570):436-7. doi: 10.1038/525436a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26399806" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Brain/*growth & development ; Child ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Electric Stimulation Therapy/*adverse effects ; Humans ; Learning ; Learning Disorders/*therapy ; Male ; Mathematics ; Risk Assessment ; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ; Young Adult
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  • 31
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2015-11-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Geddes, Linda -- England -- Nature. 2015 Nov 5;527(7576):22-5. doi: 10.1038/527022a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26536940" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Attention Deficit Disorder with ; Hyperactivity/diagnosis/physiopathology/psychology ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis/physiopathology/psychology ; Brain/blood supply/*growth & development/*physiology ; *Child Development ; Child, Preschool ; Electroencephalography ; Electromyography ; Eye Movements/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Behavior/*physiology/*psychology ; *Laboratories ; London ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Mirror Neurons ; Neuroimaging ; Personality ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ; Time Factors
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2015-12-10
    Description: Epithelial regeneration is critical for barrier maintenance and organ function after intestinal injury. The intestinal stem cell (ISC) niche provides Wnt, Notch and epidermal growth factor (EGF) signals supporting Lgr5(+) crypt base columnar ISCs for normal epithelial maintenance. However, little is known about the regulation of the ISC compartment after tissue damage. Using ex vivo organoid cultures, here we show that innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), potent producers of interleukin-22 (IL-22) after intestinal injury, increase the growth of mouse small intestine organoids in an IL-22-dependent fashion. Recombinant IL-22 directly targeted ISCs, augmenting the growth of both mouse and human intestinal organoids, increasing proliferation and promoting ISC expansion. IL-22 induced STAT3 phosphorylation in Lgr5(+) ISCs, and STAT3 was crucial for both organoid formation and IL-22-mediated regeneration. Treatment with IL-22 in vivo after mouse allogeneic bone marrow transplantation enhanced the recovery of ISCs, increased epithelial regeneration and reduced intestinal pathology and mortality from graft-versus-host disease. ATOH1-deficient organoid culture demonstrated that IL-22 induced epithelial regeneration independently of the Paneth cell niche. Our findings reveal a fundamental mechanism by which the immune system is able to support the intestinal epithelium, activating ISCs to promote regeneration.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4720437/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4720437/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lindemans, Caroline A -- Calafiore, Marco -- Mertelsmann, Anna M -- O'Connor, Margaret H -- Dudakov, Jarrod A -- Jenq, Robert R -- Velardi, Enrico -- Young, Lauren F -- Smith, Odette M -- Lawrence, Gillian -- Ivanov, Juliet A -- Fu, Ya-Yuan -- Takashima, Shuichiro -- Hua, Guoqiang -- Martin, Maria L -- O'Rourke, Kevin P -- Lo, Yuan-Hung -- Mokry, Michal -- Romera-Hernandez, Monica -- Cupedo, Tom -- Dow, Lukas E -- Nieuwenhuis, Edward E -- Shroyer, Noah F -- Liu, Chen -- Kolesnick, Richard -- van den Brink, Marcel R M -- Hanash, Alan M -- HHSN272200900059C/PHS HHS/ -- K08 HL115355/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- K08-HL115355/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- K99 CA176376/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K99-CA176376/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA023766/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01-CA023766/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA008748/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30-CA008748/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI080455/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI100288/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI101406/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL069929/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL125571/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01-AI080455/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01-AI100288/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01-AI101406/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01-HL069929/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01-HL125571/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI116497/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Dec 24;528(7583):560-4. doi: 10.1038/nature16460. Epub 2015 Dec 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands. ; Department of Immunology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia. ; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, USA. ; Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; Department of Cancer Biology &Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. ; Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands. ; Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26649819" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Epithelial Cells/*cytology/immunology/pathology ; Female ; Graft vs Host Disease/pathology ; Humans ; Immunity, Mucosal ; Interleukins/deficiency/*immunology ; Intestinal Mucosa/*cytology/immunology/pathology ; Intestine, Small/*cytology/immunology/pathology ; Mice ; Organoids/cytology/growth & development/immunology ; Paneth Cells/cytology ; Phosphorylation ; *Regeneration ; STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cell Niche ; Stem Cells/*cytology/*metabolism
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  • 33
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2015-03-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cressey, Daniel -- England -- Nature. 2015 Mar 19;519(7543):280-2. doi: 10.1038/519280a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25788078" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Conservation of Natural Resources/statistics & numerical data/*trends ; Data Collection/*methods/standards ; Fisheries/*statistics & numerical data ; *Fishes/classification ; Food Supply/statistics & numerical data ; *Internationality ; Oceans and Seas ; Population Density ; Seafood/statistics & numerical data ; United Nations
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2015-10-28
    Description: For renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric to be effectively used in the grid of the future, flexible and scalable energy-storage solutions are necessary to mitigate output fluctuations. Redox-flow batteries (RFBs) were first built in the 1940s and are considered a promising large-scale energy-storage technology. A limited number of redox-active materials--mainly metal salts, corrosive halogens, and low-molar-mass organic compounds--have been investigated as active materials, and only a few membrane materials, such as Nafion, have been considered for RFBs. However, for systems that are intended for both domestic and large-scale use, safety and cost must be taken into account as well as energy density and capacity, particularly regarding long-term access to metal resources, which places limits on the lithium-ion-based and vanadium-based RFB development. Here we describe an affordable, safe, and scalable battery system, which uses organic polymers as the charge-storage material in combination with inexpensive dialysis membranes, which separate the anode and the cathode by the retention of the non-metallic, active (macro-molecular) species, and an aqueous sodium chloride solution as the electrolyte. This water- and polymer-based RFB has an energy density of 10 watt hours per litre, current densities of up to 100 milliamperes per square centimetre, and stable long-term cycling capability. The polymer-based RFB we present uses an environmentally benign sodium chloride solution and cheap, commercially available filter membranes instead of highly corrosive acid electrolytes and expensive membrane materials.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Janoschka, Tobias -- Martin, Norbert -- Martin, Udo -- Friebe, Christian -- Morgenstern, Sabine -- Hiller, Hannes -- Hager, Martin D -- Schubert, Ulrich S -- England -- Nature. 2015 Nov 5;527(7576):78-81. doi: 10.1038/nature15746. Epub 2015 Oct 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany. ; Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany. ; JenaBatteries GmbH, Botzstrasse 5, 07743 Jena, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26503039" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Publication Date: 2015-07-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Till, Christy -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jul 16;523(7560):293-4. doi: 10.1038/523293a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26178958" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2015-11-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Janssen, Michel -- Renn, Jurgen -- England -- Nature. 2015 Nov 19;527(7578):298-300. doi: 10.1038/527298a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉History of Science, Technology, and Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA. ; Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Berlin, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26581276" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2015 May 28;521(7553):394. doi: 10.1038/521394a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26017406" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Bibliometrics/history ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Research/*history ; Time Factors
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2015-11-26
    Description: Drought threatens tropical rainforests over seasonal to decadal timescales, but the drivers of tree mortality following drought remain poorly understood. It has been suggested that reduced availability of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) critically increases mortality risk through insufficient carbon supply to metabolism ('carbon starvation'). However, little is known about how NSC stores are affected by drought, especially over the long term, and whether they are more important than hydraulic processes in determining drought-induced mortality. Using data from the world's longest-running experimental drought study in tropical rainforest (in the Brazilian Amazon), we test whether carbon starvation or deterioration of the water-conducting pathways from soil to leaf trigger tree mortality. Biomass loss from mortality in the experimentally droughted forest increased substantially after 〉10 years of reduced soil moisture availability. The mortality signal was dominated by the death of large trees, which were at a much greater risk of hydraulic deterioration than smaller trees. However, we find no evidence that the droughted trees suffered carbon starvation, as their NSC concentrations were similar to those of non-droughted trees, and growth rates did not decline in either living or dying trees. Our results indicate that hydraulics, rather than carbon starvation, triggers tree death from drought in tropical rainforest.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rowland, L -- da Costa, A C L -- Galbraith, D R -- Oliveira, R S -- Binks, O J -- Oliveira, A A R -- Pullen, A M -- Doughty, C E -- Metcalfe, D B -- Vasconcelos, S S -- Ferreira, L V -- Malhi, Y -- Grace, J -- Mencuccini, M -- Meir, P -- England -- Nature. 2015 Dec 3;528(7580):119-22. doi: 10.1038/nature15539. Epub 2015 Nov 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK. ; Centro de Geosciencias, Universidade Federal do Para, Belem 66075-110, Brazil. ; School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK. ; Instituto de Biologia, UNICAMP, Campinas 13.083-970, Brazil. ; The University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK. ; Environmental Change Institute, The University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK. ; Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund S-223 62, Sweden. ; EMBRAPA Amazonia Oriental, Belem 66095-903, Brazil. ; Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Belem 66077-830, Brazil. ; ICREA at CREAF, 08193 Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain. ; Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26595275" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomass ; Body Size ; Brazil ; Carbohydrate Metabolism ; Carbon/*metabolism ; *Droughts ; Plant Leaves/metabolism ; Plant Stems/metabolism ; *Rainforest ; Seasons ; Soil/chemistry ; Trees/growth & development/*metabolism ; *Tropical Climate ; Water/*metabolism ; Xylem/metabolism
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2015-10-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibney, Elizabeth -- Castelvecchi, Davide -- England -- Nature. 2015 Oct 8;526(7572):175. doi: 10.1038/nature.2015.18513.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26450060" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2015-04-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zalasiewicz, Jan -- England -- Nature. 2015 Apr 23;520(7548):436. doi: 10.1038/520436b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Leicester, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25903617" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Chronology as Topic ; *Environment ; Geology/*methods ; Human Activities/*history
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2015-11-03
    Description: To advance quantum information science, physical systems are sought that meet the stringent requirements for creating and preserving quantum entanglement. In atomic physics, robust two-qubit entanglement is typically achieved by strong, long-range interactions in the form of either Coulomb interactions between ions or dipolar interactions between Rydberg atoms. Although such interactions allow fast quantum gates, the interacting atoms must overcome the associated coupling to the environment and cross-talk among qubits. Local interactions, such as those requiring substantial wavefunction overlap, can alleviate these detrimental effects; however, such interactions present a new challenge: to distribute entanglement, qubits must be transported, merged for interaction, and then isolated for storage and subsequent operations. Here we show how, using a mobile optical tweezer, it is possible to prepare and locally entangle two ultracold neutral atoms, and then separate them while preserving their entanglement. Ground-state neutral atom experiments have measured dynamics consistent with spin entanglement, and have detected entanglement with macroscopic observables; we are now able to demonstrate position-resolved two-particle coherence via application of a local gradient and parity measurements. This new entanglement-verification protocol could be applied to arbitrary spin-entangled states of spatially separated atoms. The local entangling operation is achieved via spin-exchange interactions, and quantum tunnelling is used to combine and separate atoms. These techniques provide a framework for dynamically entangling remote qubits via local operations within a large-scale quantum register.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaufman, A M -- Lester, B J -- Foss-Feig, M -- Wall, M L -- Rey, A M -- Regal, C A -- England -- Nature. 2015 Nov 12;527(7577):208-11. doi: 10.1038/nature16073. Epub 2015 Nov 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA. ; Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA. ; Joint Quantum Institute and the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26524533" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2015-06-25
    Description: In response to DNA damage, tissue homoeostasis is ensured by protein networks promoting DNA repair, cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. DNA damage response signalling pathways coordinate these processes, partly by propagating gene-expression-modulating signals. DNA damage influences not only the abundance of messenger RNAs, but also their coding information through alternative splicing. Here we show that transcription-blocking DNA lesions promote chromatin displacement of late-stage spliceosomes and initiate a positive feedback loop centred on the signalling kinase ATM. We propose that initial spliceosome displacement and subsequent R-loop formation is triggered by pausing of RNA polymerase at DNA lesions. In turn, R-loops activate ATM, which signals to impede spliceosome organization further and augment ultraviolet-irradiation-triggered alternative splicing at the genome-wide level. Our findings define R-loop-dependent ATM activation by transcription-blocking lesions as an important event in the DNA damage response of non-replicating cells, and highlight a key role for spliceosome displacement in this process.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4501432/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4501432/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tresini, Maria -- Warmerdam, Daniel O -- Kolovos, Petros -- Snijder, Loes -- Vrouwe, Mischa G -- Demmers, Jeroen A A -- van IJcken, Wilfred F J -- Grosveld, Frank G -- Medema, Rene H -- Hoeijmakers, Jan H J -- Mullenders, Leon H F -- Vermeulen, Wim -- Marteijn, Jurgen A -- 10-0594/Worldwide Cancer Research/United Kingdom -- 233424/European Research Council/International -- 340988/European Research Council/International -- P01 AG017242/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jul 2;523(7558):53-8. doi: 10.1038/nature14512. Epub 2015 Jun 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 CN, The Netherlands. ; Division of Cell Biology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, The Netherlands. ; Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 CN, The Netherlands. ; Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZC, The Netherlands. ; Erasmus MC Proteomics Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 CN, The Netherlands. ; Erasmus Center for Biomics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 CN, The Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26106861" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alternative Splicing/physiology ; Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Chromatin/metabolism ; DNA Damage/*physiology ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Humans ; *Signal Transduction ; Spliceosomes/*metabolism ; Ultraviolet Rays
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  • 43
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2015-03-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2015 Mar 26;519(7544):S54-5. doi: 10.1038/519S54a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25806694" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Air Pollution/prevention & control ; Biomedical Research ; Chemistry/statistics & numerical data ; China ; Drug Industry ; Genome, Human/genetics ; Humans ; Investments ; Marine Biology ; Private Sector ; Publishing/statistics & numerical data ; Research/economics/*statistics & numerical data
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2015-10-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉de Oliveira, Joao Ricardo Mendes -- England -- Nature. 2015 Oct 22;526(7574):506. doi: 10.1038/526506e.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26490608" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brazil ; Financing, Organized/*economics/*organization & administration ; Research Personnel/*economics ; Research Support as Topic/*economics/*organization & administration ; Time Factors
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2015-05-29
    Description: Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) high-harmonic radiation emerging from laser-driven atoms, molecules or plasmas underlies powerful attosecond spectroscopy techniques and provides insight into fundamental structural and dynamic properties of matter. The advancement of these spectroscopy techniques to study strong-field electron dynamics in condensed matter calls for the generation and manipulation of EUV radiation in bulk solids, but this capability has remained beyond the reach of optical sciences. Recent experiments and theoretical predictions paved the way to strong-field physics in solids by demonstrating the generation and optical control of deep ultraviolet radiation in bulk semiconductors, driven by femtosecond mid-infrared fields or the coherent up-conversion of terahertz fields to multi-octave spectra in the mid-infrared and optical frequencies. Here we demonstrate that thin films of SiO2 exposed to intense, few-cycle to sub-cycle pulses give rise to wideband coherent EUV radiation extending in energy to about 40 electronvolts. Our study indicates the association of the emitted EUV radiation with intraband currents of multi-petahertz frequency, induced in the lowest conduction band of SiO2. To demonstrate the applicability of high-harmonic spectroscopy to solids, we exploit the EUV spectra to gain access to fine details of the energy dispersion profile of the conduction band that are as yet inaccessible by photoemission spectroscopy in wide-bandgap dielectrics. In addition, we use the EUV spectra to trace the attosecond control of the intraband electron motion induced by synthesized optical transients. Our work advances lightwave electronics in condensed matter into the realm of multi-petahertz frequencies and their attosecond control, and marks the advent of solid-state EUV photonics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Luu, T T -- Garg, M -- Kruchinin, S Yu -- Moulet, A -- Hassan, M Th -- Goulielmakis, E -- England -- Nature. 2015 May 28;521(7553):498-502. doi: 10.1038/nature14456.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max-Planck-Institut fur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26017451" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2015-05-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Savulescu, Julian -- Gyngell, Chris -- Douglas, Tom -- England -- Nature. 2015 Apr 30;520(7549):623. doi: 10.1038/520623b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Oxford, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25925471" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Embryo Research/*ethics ; Genetic Engineering/*ethics ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Germ Cells/*metabolism ; Germ-Line Mutation/*genetics ; Humans ; Patient Safety/*standards
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2015-04-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibney, Elizabeth -- Cressey, Daniel -- England -- Nature. 2015 Apr 2;520(7545):16-7. doi: 10.1038/520016a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25832385" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Federal Government ; Great Britain ; *Politics ; Science/economics/*legislation & jurisprudence/trends
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2015-12-15
    Description: Studies of the dwarf planet (1) Ceres using ground-based and orbiting telescopes have concluded that its closest meteoritic analogues are the volatile-rich CI and CM carbonaceous chondrites. Water in clay minerals, ammoniated phyllosilicates, or a mixture of Mg(OH)2 (brucite), Mg2CO3 and iron-rich serpentine have all been proposed to exist on the surface. In particular, brucite has been suggested from analysis of the mid-infrared spectrum of Ceres. But the lack of spectral data across telluric absorption bands in the wavelength region 2.5 to 2.9 micrometres--where the OH stretching vibration and the H2O bending overtone are found--has precluded definitive identifications. In addition, water vapour around Ceres has recently been reported, possibly originating from localized sources. Here we report spectra of Ceres from 0.4 to 5 micrometres acquired at distances from ~82,000 to 4,300 kilometres from the surface. Our measurements indicate widespread ammoniated phyllosilicates across the surface, but no detectable water ice. Ammonia, accreted either as organic matter or as ice, may have reacted with phyllosilicates on Ceres during differentiation. This suggests that material from the outer Solar System was incorporated into Ceres, either during its formation at great heliocentric distance or by incorporation of material transported into the main asteroid belt.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉De Sanctis, M C -- Ammannito, E -- Raponi, A -- Marchi, S -- McCord, T B -- McSween, H Y -- Capaccioni, F -- Capria, M T -- Carrozzo, F G -- Ciarniello, M -- Longobardo, A -- Tosi, F -- Fonte, S -- Formisano, M -- Frigeri, A -- Giardino, M -- Magni, G -- Palomba, E -- Turrini, D -- Zambon, F -- Combe, J-P -- Feldman, W -- Jaumann, R -- McFadden, L A -- Pieters, C M -- Prettyman, T -- Toplis, M -- Raymond, C A -- Russell, C T -- England -- Nature. 2015 Dec 10;528(7581):241-4. doi: 10.1038/nature16172.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, INAF, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy. ; Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1567, USA. ; Southwest Research Institute, 1050 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80302, USA. ; Bear Fight Institute, 22 Fiddler's Road, PO Box 667, Winthrop, Washington 98862, USA. ; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1410, USA. ; Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, Arizona 85719-2395, USA. ; Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Rutherfordstrasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany. ; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA. ; Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA. ; Institut de Recherche d'Astrophysique et Planetologie, Observatoire Midi Pyrenees, Universite Paul Sabatier, 14 Avenue E. Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France. ; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26659184" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2015-11-27
    Description: The Moon is generally thought to have formed from the debris ejected by the impact of a planet-sized object with the proto-Earth towards the end of planetary accretion. Models of the impact process predict that the lunar material was disaggregated into a circumplanetary disk and that lunar accretion subsequently placed the Moon in a near-equatorial orbit. Forward integration of the lunar orbit from this initial state predicts a modern inclination at least an order of magnitude smaller than the lunar value--a long-standing discrepancy known as the lunar inclination problem. Here we show that the modern lunar orbit provides a sensitive record of gravitational interactions with Earth-crossing planetesimals that were not yet accreted at the time of the Moon-forming event. The currently observed lunar orbit can naturally be reproduced via interaction with a small quantity of mass (corresponding to 0.0075-0.015 Earth masses eventually accreted to the Earth) carried by a few bodies, consistent with the constraints and models of late accretion. Although the encounter process has a stochastic element, the observed value of the lunar inclination is among the most likely outcomes for a wide range of parameters. The excitation of the lunar orbit is most readily reproduced via collisionless encounters of planetesimals with the Earth-Moon system with strong dissipation of tidal energy on the early Earth. This mechanism obviates the need for previously proposed (but idealized) excitation mechanisms, places the Moon-forming event in the context of the formation of Earth, and constrains the pristineness of the dynamical state of the Earth-Moon system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pahlevan, Kaveh -- Morbidelli, Alessandro -- England -- Nature. 2015 Nov 26;527(7579):492-4. doi: 10.1038/nature16137.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire Lagrange, Universite Cote d'Azur, Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur, CNRS Boulevard de l'Observatoire CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26607544" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 50
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2015-09-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pain, Stephanie -- England -- Nature. 2015 Sep 24;525(7570):S10-1. doi: 10.1038/525S10a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26398731" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Canada ; Cannabinol/history ; *Cannabis/adverse effects/chemistry/classification/genetics ; China ; Dronabinol/adverse effects/history/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Drug Approval/history ; Drug and Narcotic Control/*history ; Endocannabinoids/history/metabolism ; Herbal Medicine/*history ; History, 16th Century ; History, 17th Century ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; History, Medieval ; Humans ; Medical Marijuana/adverse effects/history/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Multiple Sclerosis/drug therapy/physiopathology ; New Orleans ; Phytotherapy/history ; Plant Extracts/therapeutic use ; Plants, Medicinal/adverse effects/chemistry/classification/genetics ; Receptors, Cannabinoid/history/metabolism
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2015-07-15
    Description: Surface polysaccharides are important for bacterial interactions with multicellular organisms, and some are virulence factors in pathogens. In the legume-rhizobium symbiosis, bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS) are essential for the development of infected root nodules. We have identified a gene in Lotus japonicus, Epr3, encoding a receptor-like kinase that controls this infection. We show that epr3 mutants are defective in perception of purified EPS, and that EPR3 binds EPS directly and distinguishes compatible and incompatible EPS in bacterial competition studies. Expression of Epr3 in epidermal cells within the susceptible root zone shows that the protein is involved in bacterial entry, while rhizobial and plant mutant studies suggest that Epr3 regulates bacterial passage through the plant's epidermal cell layer. Finally, we show that Epr3 expression is inducible and dependent on host perception of bacterial nodulation (Nod) factors. Plant-bacterial compatibility and bacterial access to legume roots is thus regulated by a two-stage mechanism involving sequential receptor-mediated recognition of Nod factor and EPS signals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kawaharada, Y -- Kelly, S -- Nielsen, M Wibroe -- Hjuler, C T -- Gysel, K -- Muszynski, A -- Carlson, R W -- Thygesen, M B -- Sandal, N -- Asmussen, M H -- Vinther, M -- Andersen, S U -- Krusell, L -- Thirup, S -- Jensen, K J -- Ronson, C W -- Blaise, M -- Radutoiu, S -- Stougaard, J -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jul 16;523(7560):308-12. doi: 10.1038/nature14611. Epub 2015 Jul 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling. Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000 C, Denmark [2] Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000 C, Denmark. ; 1] Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling. Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000 C, Denmark [2] Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000 C, Denmark [3] Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand. ; 1] Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling. Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000 C, Denmark [2] Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1871 C, Denmark. ; Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA. ; 1] Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling. Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000 C, Denmark [2] Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26153863" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Carbohydrate Sequence ; Lipopolysaccharides/chemistry/*metabolism ; Lotus/genetics/*metabolism/*microbiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation/genetics ; Phenotype ; Plant Epidermis/metabolism/microbiology ; Plant Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Plant Root Nodulation ; Protein Kinases/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Cell Surface/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Rhizobium/*metabolism ; Root Nodules, Plant/metabolism/microbiology ; Signal Transduction ; Species Specificity ; Suppression, Genetic/genetics ; *Symbiosis
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  • 52
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2015-07-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lynch, Michael -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jul 23;523(7561):414-6. doi: 10.1038/nature14634. Epub 2015 Jul 15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26176917" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arabidopsis/*genetics ; Bees/*genetics ; Female ; *Heterozygote ; Male ; Mutagenesis/*genetics ; *Mutation Rate ; Oryza/*genetics
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  • 53
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2015-01-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schaefer, Henry F -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jan 1;517(7532):22. doi: 10.1038/517022a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA. He was a colleague of Paul Schleyer's for 24 years.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25557708" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adamantane/analogs & derivatives/chemical synthesis ; Chemistry/*history ; Dipeptides/chemical synthesis ; Germany ; History, 20th Century ; Memantine/chemical synthesis ; Nobel Prize ; United States
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2015-04-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brierley, Andrew S -- England -- Nature. 2015 Apr 9;520(7546):157. doi: 10.1038/520157c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of St Andrews, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25855443" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Japan ; Research/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Whales
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  • 55
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2015-11-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Trevan, Tim -- England -- Nature. 2015 Nov 12;527(7577):155-8. doi: 10.1038/527155a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26560283" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Attitude ; Biohazard Release/prevention & control ; Biomedical Research/economics/*methods ; CRISPR-Cas Systems ; Containment of Biohazards/economics/*methods ; Humans ; Leadership ; Nuclear Energy ; Peer Influence ; Safety/economics/*standards
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2015-11-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tollefson, Jeff -- England -- Nature. 2015 Nov 12;527(7577):141-2. doi: 10.1038/nature.2015.18751.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26560274" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 57
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2015 May 7;521(7550):28. doi: 10.1038/521028a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25951269" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2015-01-28
    Description: Thirst is the basic instinct to drink water. Previously, it was shown that neurons in several circumventricular organs of the hypothalamus are activated by thirst-inducing conditions. Here we identify two distinct, genetically separable neural populations in the subfornical organ that trigger or suppress thirst. We show that optogenetic activation of subfornical organ excitatory neurons, marked by the expression of the transcription factor ETV-1, evokes intense drinking behaviour, and does so even in fully water-satiated animals. The light-induced response is highly specific for water, immediate and strictly locked to the laser stimulus. In contrast, activation of a second population of subfornical organ neurons, marked by expression of the vesicular GABA transporter VGAT, drastically suppresses drinking, even in water-craving thirsty animals. These results reveal an innate brain circuit that can turn an animal's water-drinking behaviour on and off, and probably functions as a centre for thirst control in the mammalian brain.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4401619/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4401619/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Oka, Yuki -- Ye, Mingyu -- Zuker, Charles S -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Apr 16;520(7547):349-52. doi: 10.1038/nature14108. Epub 2015 Jan 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA [2] Department of Neuroscience, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25624099" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Dehydration/physiopathology ; Drinking ; Drinking Behavior/*physiology ; Drinking Water ; Lasers ; Mice ; Optogenetics ; Satiety Response ; Subfornical Organ/*cytology/*physiology ; Thirst/*physiology ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Vesicular Inhibitory Amino Acid Transport Proteins/metabolism
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2015-01-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xiao, Hong-Wei -- Mujumdar, A S -- Che, Liming -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jan 8;517(7533):145. doi: 10.1038/517145b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉China Agricultural University, Beijing, China. ; McGill University, Quebec, Canada. ; Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25567271" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Air Pollution/adverse effects/*statistics & numerical data ; China/epidemiology ; Cities ; Environmental Pollutants/adverse effects/analysis ; Gross Domestic Product/*statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Life Expectancy ; Respiratory Tract Diseases/mortality
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2015-05-29
    Description: Robots have transformed many industries, most notably manufacturing, and have the power to deliver tremendous benefits to society, such as in search and rescue, disaster response, health care and transportation. They are also invaluable tools for scientific exploration in environments inaccessible to humans, from distant planets to deep oceans. A major obstacle to their widespread adoption in more complex environments outside factories is their fragility. Whereas animals can quickly adapt to injuries, current robots cannot 'think outside the box' to find a compensatory behaviour when they are damaged: they are limited to their pre-specified self-sensing abilities, can diagnose only anticipated failure modes, and require a pre-programmed contingency plan for every type of potential damage, an impracticality for complex robots. A promising approach to reducing robot fragility involves having robots learn appropriate behaviours in response to damage, but current techniques are slow even with small, constrained search spaces. Here we introduce an intelligent trial-and-error algorithm that allows robots to adapt to damage in less than two minutes in large search spaces without requiring self-diagnosis or pre-specified contingency plans. Before the robot is deployed, it uses a novel technique to create a detailed map of the space of high-performing behaviours. This map represents the robot's prior knowledge about what behaviours it can perform and their value. When the robot is damaged, it uses this prior knowledge to guide a trial-and-error learning algorithm that conducts intelligent experiments to rapidly discover a behaviour that compensates for the damage. Experiments reveal successful adaptations for a legged robot injured in five different ways, including damaged, broken, and missing legs, and for a robotic arm with joints broken in 14 different ways. This new algorithm will enable more robust, effective, autonomous robots, and may shed light on the principles that animals use to adapt to injury.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cully, Antoine -- Clune, Jeff -- Tarapore, Danesh -- Mouret, Jean-Baptiste -- England -- Nature. 2015 May 28;521(7553):503-7. doi: 10.1038/nature14422.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Sorbonne Universites, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Paris 06, UMR 7222, Institut des Systemes Intelligents et de Robotique (ISIR), F-75005, Paris, France [2] CNRS, UMR 7222, Institut des Systemes Intelligents et de Robotique (ISIR), F-75005, Paris, France. ; Department of Computer Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, USA. ; 1] Sorbonne Universites, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Paris 06, UMR 7222, Institut des Systemes Intelligents et de Robotique (ISIR), F-75005, Paris, France [2] CNRS, UMR 7222, Institut des Systemes Intelligents et de Robotique (ISIR), F-75005, Paris, France [3] Inria, Team Larsen, Villers-les-Nancy, F-54600, France [4] CNRS, Loria, UMR 7503, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, F-54500, France [5] Universite de Lorraine, Loria, UMR 7503, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, F-54500, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26017452" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; Algorithms ; Animals ; *Artificial Intelligence ; Behavior, Animal ; Biomimetics/*methods ; Dogs ; Extremities/*injuries/physiopathology ; Motor Skills ; Robotics/*instrumentation/*methods ; Time Factors
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2015-05-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Russell, Stuart -- Hauert, Sabine -- Altman, Russ -- Veloso, Manuela -- England -- Nature. 2015 May 28;521(7553):415-8. doi: 10.1038/521415a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of California, Berkeley.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26017428" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Artificial Intelligence/*ethics/*trends ; Communication ; Decision Support Systems, Clinical ; Diagnosis ; Healthcare Disparities ; Humans ; Pattern Recognition, Automated ; Public Opinion ; Research Personnel ; Risk Management ; Robotics/*ethics/*trends ; Symbiosis ; Weapons/ethics
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2015-05-29
    Description: How can a machine learn from experience? Probabilistic modelling provides a framework for understanding what learning is, and has therefore emerged as one of the principal theoretical and practical approaches for designing machines that learn from data acquired through experience. The probabilistic framework, which describes how to represent and manipulate uncertainty about models and predictions, has a central role in scientific data analysis, machine learning, robotics, cognitive science and artificial intelligence. This Review provides an introduction to this framework, and discusses some of the state-of-the-art advances in the field, namely, probabilistic programming, Bayesian optimization, data compression and automatic model discovery.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ghahramani, Zoubin -- England -- Nature. 2015 May 28;521(7553):452-9. doi: 10.1038/nature14541.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26017444" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Artificial Intelligence ; Automation ; Bayes Theorem ; Data Compression ; *Models, Statistical ; Statistics, Nonparametric ; Uncertainty
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 2015-10-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tollefson, Jeff -- England -- Nature. 2015 Oct 22;526(7574):488-9. doi: 10.1038/526488a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26490598" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources/economics/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Cuba ; Gulf of Mexico ; International Cooperation/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Mexico ; *Sharks ; United States
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  • 64
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2015 May 7;521(7550):6. doi: 10.1038/521006b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25951247" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: In Drosophila, just as in vertebrates, changes in external temperature are encoded by bidirectional opponent thermoreceptor cells: some cells are excited by warming and inhibited by cooling, whereas others are excited by cooling and inhibited by warming. The central circuits that process these signals are not understood. In Drosophila, a specific brain region receives input from thermoreceptor cells. Here we show that distinct genetically identified projection neurons (PNs) in this brain region are excited by cooling, warming, or both. The PNs excited by cooling receive mainly feed-forward excitation from cool thermoreceptors. In contrast, the PNs excited by warming ('warm-PNs') receive both excitation from warm thermoreceptors and crossover inhibition from cool thermoreceptors through inhibitory interneurons. Notably, this crossover inhibition elicits warming-evoked excitation, because warming suppresses tonic activity in cool thermoreceptors. This in turn disinhibits warm-PNs and sums with feed-forward excitation evoked by warming. Crossover inhibition could cancel non-thermal activity (noise) that is positively correlated among warm and cool thermoreceptor cells, while reinforcing thermal activity which is anti-correlated. Our results show how central circuits can combine signals from bidirectional opponent neurons to construct sensitive and robust neural codes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Wendy W -- Mazor, Ofer -- Wilson, Rachel I -- R01 DC008174/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Mar 19;519(7543):353-7. doi: 10.1038/nature14170. Epub 2015 Mar 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. ; 1] Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25739502" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*cytology/*physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/cytology/*physiology ; Female ; Interneurons/physiology ; *Temperature ; Thermoreceptors/*physiology ; Thermosensing/*physiology
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  • 66
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2015-10-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gies, Erica -- England -- Nature. 2015 Oct 29;526(7575):S100-1. doi: 10.1038/526S100a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26509947" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2015-01-17
    Description: The structure of water near non-polar molecular fragments or surfaces mediates the hydrophobic interactions that underlie a broad range of interfacial, colloidal and biophysical phenomena. Substantial progress over the past decade has improved our understanding of hydrophobic interactions in simple model systems, but most biologically and technologically relevant structures contain non-polar domains in close proximity to polar and charged functional groups. Theories and simulations exploring such nanometre-scale chemical heterogeneity find it can have an important effect, but the influence of this heterogeneity on hydrophobic interactions has not been tested experimentally. Here we report chemical force microscopy measurements on alkyl-functionalized surfaces that reveal a dramatic change in the surfaces' hydrophobic interaction strengths on co-immobilization of amine or guanidine groups. Protonation of amine groups doubles the strength of hydrophobic interactions, and guanidinium groups eliminate measurable hydrophobic interactions in all pH ranges investigated. We see these divergent effects of proximally immobilized cations also in single-molecule measurements on conformationally stable beta-peptides with non-polar subunits located one nanometre from either amine- or guanidine-bearing subunits. Our results demonstrate the importance of nanometre-scale chemical heterogeneity, with hydrophobicity not an intrinsic property of any given non-polar domain but strongly modulated by functional groups located as far away as one nanometre. The judicious placing of charged groups near hydrophobic domains thus provides a strategy for tuning hydrophobic driving forces to optimize molecular recognition or self-assembly processes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ma, C Derek -- Wang, Chenxuan -- Acevedo-Velez, Claribel -- Gellman, Samuel H -- Abbott, Nicholas L -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jan 15;517(7534):347-50. doi: 10.1038/nature14018.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA. ; 1] Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA [2] Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA. ; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25592540" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Ammonium Compounds/chemistry ; Arginine/chemistry ; Buffers ; Cations/chemistry ; Colloids/chemistry ; Ethanolamines/chemistry ; Guanidine/chemistry ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; *Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Lysine/chemistry ; Methanol/chemistry ; Microscopy, Atomic Force ; Peptides/chemistry ; Protons ; Reproducibility of Results ; Surface Properties
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2015-09-17
    Description: Intracellular lipopolysaccharide from Gram-negative bacteria including Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella flexneri, and Burkholderia thailandensis activates mouse caspase-11, causing pyroptotic cell death, interleukin-1beta processing, and lethal septic shock. How caspase-11 executes these downstream signalling events is largely unknown. Here we show that gasdermin D is essential for caspase-11-dependent pyroptosis and interleukin-1beta maturation. A forward genetic screen with ethyl-N-nitrosourea-mutagenized mice links Gsdmd to the intracellular lipopolysaccharide response. Macrophages from Gsdmd(-/-) mice generated by gene targeting also exhibit defective pyroptosis and interleukin-1beta secretion induced by cytoplasmic lipopolysaccharide or Gram-negative bacteria. In addition, Gsdmd(-/-) mice are protected from a lethal dose of lipopolysaccharide. Mechanistically, caspase-11 cleaves gasdermin D, and the resulting amino-terminal fragment promotes both pyroptosis and NLRP3-dependent activation of caspase-1 in a cell-intrinsic manner. Our data identify gasdermin D as a critical target of caspase-11 and a key mediator of the host response against Gram-negative bacteria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kayagaki, Nobuhiko -- Stowe, Irma B -- Lee, Bettina L -- O'Rourke, Karen -- Anderson, Keith -- Warming, Soren -- Cuellar, Trinna -- Haley, Benjamin -- Roose-Girma, Merone -- Phung, Qui T -- Liu, Peter S -- Lill, Jennie R -- Li, Hong -- Wu, Jiansheng -- Kummerfeld, Sarah -- Zhang, Juan -- Lee, Wyne P -- Snipas, Scott J -- Salvesen, Guy S -- Morris, Lucy X -- Fitzgerald, Linda -- Zhang, Yafei -- Bertram, Edward M -- Goodnow, Christopher C -- Dixit, Vishva M -- England -- Nature. 2015 Oct 29;526(7575):666-71. doi: 10.1038/nature15541. Epub 2015 Sep 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiological Chemistry, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA. ; Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA. ; Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA. ; Department of Bioinformatics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA. ; Department of Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA. ; Program in Cell Death Signaling Networks, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA. ; The Australian Phenomics Facility, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia. ; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia. ; Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia. ; St. Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Australia, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26375259" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2015-08-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Broadfoot, Marla -- England -- Nature. 2015 Aug 20;524(7565):275. doi: 10.1038/nature.2015.18187.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26289186" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Data Collection ; Female ; Homophobia/psychology/statistics & numerical data ; Homosexuality/psychology/*statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Job Satisfaction ; Laboratories/*manpower ; Male ; Research Personnel/psychology/*statistics & numerical data ; Science/*manpower ; Sex Ratio
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  • 70
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    Publication Date: 2015-03-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2015 Mar 19;519(7543):262. doi: 10.1038/519262a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25788058" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Astronomy/history ; History, 16th Century ; History, 17th Century ; History, 19th Century ; *Mathematics/history ; *Music/history/psychology ; *Science/history
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: When cosmic star formation history reaches a peak (at about redshift z approximately 2), galaxies vigorously fed by cosmic reservoirs are dominated by gas and contain massive star-forming clumps, which are thought to form by violent gravitational instabilities in highly turbulent gas-rich disks. However, a clump formation event has not yet been observed, and it is debated whether clumps can survive energetic feedback from young stars, and afterwards migrate inwards to form galaxy bulges. Here we report the spatially resolved spectroscopy of a bright off-nuclear emission line region in a galaxy at z = 1.987. Although this region dominates star formation in the galaxy disk, its stellar continuum remains undetected in deep imaging, revealing an extremely young (less than ten million years old) massive clump, forming through the gravitational collapse of more than one billion solar masses of gas. Gas consumption in this young clump is more than tenfold faster than in the host galaxy, displaying high star-formation efficiency during this phase, in agreement with our hydrodynamic simulations. The frequency of older clumps with similar masses, coupled with our initial estimate of their formation rate (about 2.5 per billion years), supports long lifetimes (about 500 million years), favouring models in which clumps survive feedback and grow the bulges of present-day galaxies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zanella, A -- Daddi, E -- Le Floc'h, E -- Bournaud, F -- Gobat, R -- Valentino, F -- Strazzullo, V -- Cibinel, A -- Onodera, M -- Perret, V -- Renaud, F -- Vignali, C -- England -- Nature. 2015 May 7;521(7550):54-6. doi: 10.1038/nature14409.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire AIM-Paris-Saclay, CEA/DSM-CNRS-Universite Paris Diderot, Irfu/Service d'Astrophysique, CEA Saclay, Orme des Merisiers, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France. ; 1] Laboratoire AIM-Paris-Saclay, CEA/DSM-CNRS-Universite Paris Diderot, Irfu/Service d'Astrophysique, CEA Saclay, Orme des Merisiers, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France [2] School of Physics, Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Heogiro 85, Seoul 130-722, Republic of Korea. ; 1] Laboratoire AIM-Paris-Saclay, CEA/DSM-CNRS-Universite Paris Diderot, Irfu/Service d'Astrophysique, CEA Saclay, Orme des Merisiers, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France [2] Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 Munchen, Germany. ; 1] Laboratoire AIM-Paris-Saclay, CEA/DSM-CNRS-Universite Paris Diderot, Irfu/Service d'Astrophysique, CEA Saclay, Orme des Merisiers, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France [2] Astronomy Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK. ; Institute for Astronomy, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-strasse 27, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland. ; Aix Marseille Universite, CNRS, LAM (Laboratoire dAstrophysique de Marseille), F-13388 Marseille, France. ; 1] Laboratoire AIM-Paris-Saclay, CEA/DSM-CNRS-Universite Paris Diderot, Irfu/Service d'Astrophysique, CEA Saclay, Orme des Merisiers, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France [2] Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK. ; 1] Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy [2] INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna, Via Ranzani 1, 40127 Bologna, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25951282" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2015-05-23
    Description: Classical crystallography can determine structures as complicated as multi-component ribosomal assemblies with atomic resolution, but is inadequate for disordered systems--even those as simple as water ice--that occupy the complex middle ground between liquid-like randomness and crystalline periodic order. Correlated disorder nevertheless has clear crystallographic signatures that map to the type of disorder, irrespective of the underlying physical or chemical interactions and material involved. This mapping hints at a common language for disordered states that will help us to understand, control and exploit the disorder responsible for many interesting physical properties.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Keen, David A -- Goodwin, Andrew L -- England -- Nature. 2015 May 21;521(7552):303-9. doi: 10.1038/nature14453.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, UK. ; Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25993960" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Crystallization ; *Crystallography ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Electronics ; Ice/analysis ; Magnetic Phenomena ; Proteins/chemistry
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2015-06-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉de Vries, Sacco -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jun 25;522(7557):424-5. doi: 10.1038/nature14535. Epub 2015 Jun 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6703 HA, the Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26083745" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/*metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/*metabolism ; *Binding, Competitive ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Plant Stomata/*growth & development/*metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/*metabolism
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2015-05-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Trias-Blasi, Anna -- Vorontsova, Maria -- England -- Nature. 2015 May 14;521(7551):161. doi: 10.1038/521161c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25971502" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Botany/*education/*manpower
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2015-01-13
    Description: The phylogeny of Silurian and Devonian (443-358 million years (Myr) ago) fishes remains the foremost problem in the study of the origin of modern gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates). A central question concerns the morphology of the last common ancestor of living jawed vertebrates, with competing hypotheses advancing either a chondrichthyan- or osteichthyan-like model. Here we present Janusiscus schultzei gen. et sp. nov., an Early Devonian (approximately 415 Myr ago) gnathostome from Siberia previously interpreted as a ray-finned fish, which provides important new information about cranial anatomy near the last common ancestor of chondrichthyans and osteichthyans. The skull roof of Janusiscus resembles that of early osteichthyans, with large plates bearing vermiform ridges and partially enclosed sensory canals. High-resolution computed tomography (CT) reveals a braincase bearing characters typically associated with either chondrichthyans (large hypophyseal opening accommodating the internal carotid arteries) or osteichthyans (facial nerve exiting through jugular canal, endolymphatic ducts exiting posterior to the skull roof) but lacking a ventral cranial fissure, the presence of which is considered a derived feature of crown gnathostomes. A conjunction of well-developed cranial processes in Janusiscus helps unify the comparative anatomy of early jawed vertebrate neurocrania, clarifying primary homologies in 'placoderms', osteichthyans and chondrichthyans. Phylogenetic analysis further supports the chondrichthyan affinities of 'acanthodians', and places Janusiscus and the enigmatic Ramirosuarezia in a polytomy with crown gnathostomes. The close correspondence between the skull roof of Janusiscus and that of osteichthyans suggests that an extensive dermal skeleton was present in the last common ancestor of jawed vertebrates, but ambiguities arise from uncertainties in the anatomy of Ramirosuarezia. The unexpected contrast between endoskeletal structure in Janusiscus and its superficially osteichthyan-like dermal skeleton highlights the potential importance of other incompletely known Siluro-Devonian 'bony fishes' for reconstructing patterns of trait evolution near the origin of modern gnathostomes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Giles, Sam -- Friedman, Matt -- Brazeau, Martin D -- England -- Nature. 2015 Apr 2;520(7545):82-5. doi: 10.1038/nature14065. Epub 2015 Jan 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3AN, UK. ; 1] Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands [2] Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25581798" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anatomy, Comparative ; Animals ; Fishes/*anatomy & histology/*classification ; *Fossils ; *Phylogeny ; Siberia ; Skull/*anatomy & histology ; X-Ray Microtomography
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2015-04-22
    Description: Impaired mitochondrial maintenance in disparate cell types is a shared hallmark of many human pathologies and ageing. How mitochondrial biogenesis coordinates with the removal of damaged or superfluous mitochondria to maintain cellular homeostasis is not well understood. Here we show that mitophagy, a selective type of autophagy targeting mitochondria for degradation, interfaces with mitochondrial biogenesis to regulate mitochondrial content and longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans. We find that DCT-1 is a key mediator of mitophagy and longevity assurance under conditions of stress in C. elegans. Impairment of mitophagy compromises stress resistance and triggers mitochondrial retrograde signalling through the SKN-1 transcription factor that regulates both mitochondrial biogenesis genes and mitophagy by enhancing DCT-1 expression. Our findings reveal a homeostatic feedback loop that integrates metabolic signals to coordinate the biogenesis and turnover of mitochondria. Uncoupling of these two processes during ageing contributes to overproliferation of damaged mitochondria and decline of cellular function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Palikaras, Konstantinos -- Lionaki, Eirini -- Tavernarakis, Nektarios -- England -- Nature. 2015 May 28;521(7553):525-8. doi: 10.1038/nature14300. Epub 2015 Apr 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Nikolaou Plastira 100, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece [2] Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece. ; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Nikolaou Plastira 100, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece. ; 1] Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Nikolaou Plastira 100, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece [2] Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71110, Crete, Greece.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25896323" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/pathology/*physiology ; Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/*cytology/genetics/*physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Homeostasis ; Insulin/metabolism ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism ; Longevity ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Mitochondria/genetics/*metabolism/pathology ; *Mitochondrial Degradation/genetics ; Signal Transduction ; Stress, Physiological ; Transcription Factors/metabolism
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  • 77
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2015-03-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2015 Mar 19;519(7543):261. doi: 10.1038/519261a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25788057" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Air Travel/*statistics & numerical data ; Carbon Footprint/*statistics & numerical data ; Congresses as Topic/organization & administration/*utilization ; Conservation of Natural Resources/methods/*trends ; Global Warming/*prevention & control ; Research Personnel/*statistics & numerical data ; *Science/organization & administration
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2015-11-20
    Description: When used in combination with raster scanning, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) has proven to be a valuable imaging technique of the nanoscale, for example of bone, teeth and brain matter. Although two-dimensional projection imaging has been used to characterize various materials successfully, its three-dimensional extension, SAXS computed tomography, poses substantial challenges, which have yet to be overcome. Previous work using SAXS computed tomography was unable to preserve oriented SAXS signals during reconstruction. Here we present a solution to this problem and obtain a complete SAXS computed tomography, which preserves oriented scattering information. By introducing virtual tomography axes, we take advantage of the two-dimensional SAXS information recorded on an area detector and use it to reconstruct the full three-dimensional scattering distribution in reciprocal space for each voxel of the three-dimensional object in real space. The presented method could be of interest for a combined six-dimensional real and reciprocal space characterization of mesoscopic materials with hierarchically structured features with length scales ranging from a few nanometres to a few millimetres--for example, biomaterials such as bone or teeth, or functional materials such as fuel-cell or battery components.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schaff, Florian -- Bech, Martin -- Zaslansky, Paul -- Jud, Christoph -- Liebi, Marianne -- Guizar-Sicairos, Manuel -- Pfeiffer, Franz -- England -- Nature. 2015 Nov 19;527(7578):353-6. doi: 10.1038/nature16060.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lehrstuhl fur Biomedizinische Physik, Physik-Department &Institut fur Medizintechnik, Technische Universitat Munchen, 85748 Garching, Germany. ; Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, 22185 Lund, Sweden. ; Julius Wolff Institute, Charite - Universitatsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany. ; Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland. ; Institut fur diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universitat Munchen, 81675 Munchen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26581292" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Collagen/ultrastructure ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods ; Nanostructures/ultrastructure ; *Scattering, Small Angle ; Tomography/*methods ; Tooth/ultrastructure ; *X-Ray Diffraction
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  • 79
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    Unknown
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2015-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brody, Herb -- England -- Nature. 2015 Dec 17;528(7582):S117. doi: 10.1038/528S117a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26672779" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cancer Vaccines/economics/therapeutic use ; Cell Hypoxia/drug effects ; Humans ; Inflammation/complications ; Male ; Prostate-Specific Antigen/blood ; *Prostatic Neoplasms/complications/diagnosis/immunology/therapy ; Tissue Extracts/immunology/therapeutic use
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2015-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schaetz, Tobias -- England -- Nature. 2015 Dec 17;528(7582):337-8. doi: 10.1038/528337a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Physics, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26672548" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 2015-12-15
    Description: Intensification of the hydrologic cycle is a key dimension of climate change, with substantial impacts on human and natural systems. A basic measure of hydrologic cycle intensification is the increase in global-mean precipitation per unit surface warming, which varies by a factor of three in current-generation climate models (about 1-3 per cent per kelvin). Part of the uncertainty may originate from atmosphere-radiation interactions. As the climate warms, increases in shortwave absorption from atmospheric moistening will suppress the precipitation increase. This occurs through a reduction of the latent heating increase required to maintain a balanced atmospheric energy budget. Using an ensemble of climate models, here we show that such models tend to underestimate the sensitivity of solar absorption to variations in atmospheric water vapour, leading to an underestimation in the shortwave absorption increase and an overestimation in the precipitation increase. This sensitivity also varies considerably among models due to differences in radiative transfer parameterizations, explaining a substantial portion of model spread in the precipitation response. Consequently, attaining accurate shortwave absorption responses through improvements to the radiative transfer schemes could reduce the spread in the predicted global precipitation increase per degree warming for the end of the twenty-first century by about 35 per cent, and reduce the estimated ensemble-mean increase in this quantity by almost 40 per cent.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉DeAngelis, Anthony M -- Qu, Xin -- Zelinka, Mark D -- Hall, Alex -- England -- Nature. 2015 Dec 10;528(7581):249-53. doi: 10.1038/nature15770.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA. ; Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26659186" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Climate Change ; *Models, Theoretical ; Rain ; Temperature ; *Water Cycle
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2015-09-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Keenan, Trevor F -- England -- Nature. 2015 Oct 1;526(7571):48-9. doi: 10.1038/nature15633. Epub 2015 Sep 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26416739" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 83
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2015-10-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Palmer, Tim -- England -- Nature. 2015 Oct 1;526(7571):32-3. doi: 10.1038/526032a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Royal Society research professor of climate physics and co-director of the Oxford Martin Programme on Modelling and Predicting Climate at the University of Oxford, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26432226" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Climate Change ; Computer Simulation/*trends ; Computers/*trends ; *Conservation of Energy Resources ; Equipment Design ; Models, Biological
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2015-10-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schebesta, Hanna -- Purnhagen, Kai -- England -- Nature. 2015 Oct 22;526(7574):506. doi: 10.1038/526506b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wageningen University, the Netherlands; and European University Institute, Florence, Italy. ; Wageningen University; and Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26490609" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere/chemistry ; Environmental Policy/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Federal Government ; Greenhouse Effect/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Netherlands
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2015-05-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zanne, Amy E -- Tank, David C -- Cornwell, William K -- Eastman, Jonathan M -- Smith, Stephen A -- FitzJohn, Richard G -- McGlinn, Daniel J -- O'Meara, Brian C -- Moles, Angela T -- Reich, Peter B -- Royer, Dana L -- Soltis, Douglas E -- Stevens, Peter F -- Westoby, Mark -- Wright, Ian J -- Aarssen, Lonnie -- Bertin, Robert I -- Calaminus, Andre -- Govaerts, Rafael -- Hemmings, Frank -- Leishman, Michelle R -- Oleksyn, Jacek -- Soltis, Pamela S -- Swenson, Nathan G -- Warman, Laura -- Beaulieu, Jeremy M -- England -- Nature. 2015 May 21;521(7552):E6-7. doi: 10.1038/nature14394.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA. [2] Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development, Missouri Botanical Garden, St Louis, Missouri 63121, USA. ; 1] Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844, USA. [2] Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844, USA. ; 1] Department of Ecological Sciences, Systems Ecology, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands. [2] Evolution &Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA. ; 1] Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T1Z4, Canada. [2] Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia. ; Department of Biology, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina 29424, USA. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA. ; Evolution &Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia. ; 1] Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA. [2] Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, New South Wales 2751, Australia. ; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut 06459, USA. ; 1] Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA. [2] Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA. [3] Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA. ; Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St Louis, St Louis, Missouri 63121, USA. ; Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia. ; Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada. ; Department of Biology, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, Massachusetts 01610, USA. ; Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA. ; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond TW9 3AB, UK. ; 1] Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA. [2] Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Dendrology, 62-035 Kornik, Poland. ; 1] Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA. [2] Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA. ; Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA. ; 1] Evolution &Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia. [2] Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, USDA Forest Service, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA. ; National Institute for Mathematical &Biological Synthesis, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25993971" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiosperms/*anatomy & histology/*physiology ; *Biological Evolution ; *Cold Climate ; *Ecosystem ; *Freezing ; Xylem/*anatomy & histology
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2015-02-20
    Description: Pluripotent stem cells provide a powerful system to dissect the underlying molecular dynamics that regulate cell fate changes during mammalian development. Here we report the integrative analysis of genome-wide binding data for 38 transcription factors with extensive epigenome and transcriptional data across the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells to the three germ layers. We describe core regulatory dynamics and show the lineage-specific behaviour of selected factors. In addition to the orchestrated remodelling of the chromatin landscape, we find that the binding of several transcription factors is strongly associated with specific loss of DNA methylation in one germ layer, and in many cases a reciprocal gain in the other layers. Taken together, our work shows context-dependent rewiring of transcription factor binding, downstream signalling effectors, and the epigenome during human embryonic stem cell differentiation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4499331/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4499331/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tsankov, Alexander M -- Gu, Hongcang -- Akopian, Veronika -- Ziller, Michael J -- Donaghey, Julie -- Amit, Ido -- Gnirke, Andreas -- Meissner, Alexander -- 5F32DK095537/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P01 GM099117/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01GM099117/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P50HG006193/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01 ES017155/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- U01ES017155/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Feb 19;518(7539):344-9. doi: 10.1038/nature14233.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA [2] Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA [3] Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. ; 1] Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA [2] Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. ; 1] Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA [2] Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, 76100 Israel.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25693565" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Cell Differentiation/genetics ; Cell Lineage ; Chromatin/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly/genetics ; DNA Methylation ; Embryonic Stem Cells/*cytology/*metabolism ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic/genetics ; Epigenesis, Genetic/genetics ; Epigenomics ; Genome, Human/genetics ; Germ Layers/cytology/metabolism ; Histones/chemistry/metabolism ; Humans ; Protein Binding ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic/genetics
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2015-10-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tollefson, Jeff -- England -- Nature. 2015 Oct 1;526(7571):13-4. doi: 10.1038/nature.2015.18440.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26432216" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carbon Dioxide/analysis/*economics/*supply & distribution ; China ; Environmental Policy/*economics/*trends ; *International Cooperation ; Renewable Energy/statistics & numerical data ; United Nations ; United States
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2015-01-21
    Description: The regulated release of anorexigenic alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) and orexigenic Agouti-related protein (AgRP) from discrete hypothalamic arcuate neurons onto common target sites in the central nervous system has a fundamental role in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Both peptides bind with high affinity to the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R); existing data show that alpha-MSH is an agonist that couples the receptor to the Galphas signalling pathway, while AgRP binds competitively to block alpha-MSH binding and blocks the constitutive activity mediated by the ligand-mimetic amino-terminal domain of the receptor. Here we show that, in mice, regulation of firing activity of neurons from the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) by alpha-MSH and AgRP can be mediated independently of Galphas signalling by ligand-induced coupling of MC4R to closure of inwardly rectifying potassium channel, Kir7.1. Furthermore, AgRP is a biased agonist that hyperpolarizes neurons by binding to MC4R and opening Kir7.1, independently of its inhibition of alpha-MSH binding. Consequently, Kir7.1 signalling appears to be central to melanocortin-mediated regulation of energy homeostasis within the PVN. Coupling of MC4R to Kir7.1 may explain unusual aspects of the control of energy homeostasis by melanocortin signalling, including the gene dosage effect of MC4R and the sustained effects of AgRP on food intake.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4383680/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4383680/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ghamari-Langroudi, Masoud -- Digby, Gregory J -- Sebag, Julien A -- Millhauser, Glenn L -- Palomino, Rafael -- Matthews, Robert -- Gillyard, Taneisha -- Panaro, Brandon L -- Tough, Iain R -- Cox, Helen M -- Denton, Jerod S -- Cone, Roger D -- 5R01 DK082884-03/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK020593/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- F31 DK102343/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK020593/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK064265/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK070332/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01DK064265/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01DK070332/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R25 GM059994/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Apr 2;520(7545):94-8. doi: 10.1038/nature14051. Epub 2015 Jan 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Physiology &Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA. ; Department of Chemistry &Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA. ; 1] Department of Molecular Physiology &Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA [2] Department of Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee 37208, USA. ; King's College London, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK. ; 1] Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA [2] Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25600267" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Agouti-Related Protein/metabolism ; Animals ; Eating/genetics ; Energy Metabolism ; Female ; *GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs ; HEK293 Cells ; Homeostasis/genetics ; Humans ; Ligands ; Male ; Melanocortins/metabolism ; Mice ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus/*cytology ; Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying/*metabolism ; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction/genetics ; alpha-MSH/metabolism
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2015-10-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jo, Kyoung-nam -- Woo, Kyung Sik -- Yi, Sangheon -- Yang, Dong Yoon -- Lim, Hyoun Soo -- Wang, Yongjin -- Cheng, Hai -- Edwards, R Lawrence -- England -- Nature. 2015 Oct 1;526(7571):E2-3. doi: 10.1038/nature14977.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 305-350, South Korea. ; Department of Geology, Kangwon National University, Gangwondo 200-701, South Koreawooks@kangwon.ac.kr. ; Department of Geological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea. ; College of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, China. ; Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China. ; Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26432255" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2015-09-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tollefson, Jeff -- England -- Nature. 2015 Sep 24;525(7570):434-5. doi: 10.1038/525434a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26399805" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Conservation of Natural Resources/legislation & jurisprudence/*trends ; *Goals ; Humans ; *International Cooperation ; Poverty/legislation & jurisprudence/*prevention & control/trends ; Time Factors ; *United Nations/legislation & jurisprudence
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2015-11-13
    Description: Neuroblastoma is a paediatric malignancy that typically arises in early childhood, and is derived from the developing sympathetic nervous system. Clinical phenotypes range from localized tumours with excellent outcomes to widely metastatic disease in which long-term survival is approximately 40% despite intensive therapy. A previous genome-wide association study identified common polymorphisms at the LMO1 gene locus that are highly associated with neuroblastoma susceptibility and oncogenic addiction to LMO1 in the tumour cells. Here we investigate the causal DNA variant at this locus and the mechanism by which it leads to neuroblastoma tumorigenesis. We first imputed all possible genotypes across the LMO1 locus and then mapped highly associated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) to areas of chromatin accessibility, evolutionary conservation and transcription factor binding sites. We show that SNP rs2168101 G〉T is the most highly associated variant (combined P = 7.47 x 10(-29), odds ratio 0.65, 95% confidence interval 0.60-0.70), and resides in a super-enhancer defined by extensive acetylation of histone H3 lysine 27 within the first intron of LMO1. The ancestral G allele that is associated with tumour formation resides in a conserved GATA transcription factor binding motif. We show that the newly evolved protective TATA allele is associated with decreased total LMO1 expression (P = 0.028) in neuroblastoma primary tumours, and ablates GATA3 binding (P 〈 0.0001). We demonstrate allelic imbalance favouring the G-containing strand in tumours heterozygous for this SNP, as demonstrated both by RNA sequencing (P 〈 0.0001) and reporter assays (P = 0.002). These findings indicate that a recently evolved polymorphism within a super-enhancer element in the first intron of LMO1 influences neuroblastoma susceptibility through differential GATA transcription factor binding and direct modulation of LMO1 expression in cis, and this leads to an oncogenic dependency in tumour cells.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4775078/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4775078/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Oldridge, Derek A -- Wood, Andrew C -- Weichert-Leahey, Nina -- Crimmins, Ian -- Sussman, Robyn -- Winter, Cynthia -- McDaniel, Lee D -- Diamond, Maura -- Hart, Lori S -- Zhu, Shizhen -- Durbin, Adam D -- Abraham, Brian J -- Anders, Lars -- Tian, Lifeng -- Zhang, Shile -- Wei, Jun S -- Khan, Javed -- Bramlett, Kelli -- Rahman, Nazneen -- Capasso, Mario -- Iolascon, Achille -- Gerhard, Daniela S -- Guidry Auvil, Jaime M -- Young, Richard A -- Hakonarson, Hakon -- Diskin, Sharon J -- Look, A Thomas -- Maris, John M -- 100210/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 100210/Z/12/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 1K99CA178189/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R00-CA151869/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA124709/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA180692/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01-CA109901/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01-CA124709/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01-CA180692/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- RC1MD004418/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/ -- T32 HG000046/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- T32-HG000046/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Dec 17;528(7582):418-21. doi: 10.1038/nature15540. Epub 2015 Nov 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. ; Medical Scientist Training Program, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. ; Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, Auckland Region 1142, New Zealand. ; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA. ; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA. ; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and MIT, Boston, Massachusetts 02142, USA. ; Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. ; Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. ; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Austin, Texas 78744, USA. ; The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK. ; University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy. ; CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80131 Naples, Italy. ; Office of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. ; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. ; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26560027" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Alleles ; Allelic Imbalance ; Binding Sites ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*genetics ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic/*genetics ; Epigenomics ; GATA3 Transcription Factor/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/*genetics ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Genotype ; Histones/chemistry/metabolism ; Humans ; Introns/genetics ; LIM Domain Proteins/*genetics ; Lysine/metabolism ; Neuroblastoma/*genetics ; Organ Specificity ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/*genetics ; Reproducibility of Results ; Transcription Factors/*genetics
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2015-04-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Yongbo -- Li, Junsheng -- Stewart, C Neal Jr -- England -- Nature. 2015 Apr 16;520(7547):295. doi: 10.1038/520295c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China. ; University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25877196" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Communication ; *Consumer Product Safety ; Food, Genetically Modified/*supply & distribution ; Humans ; *Public Opinion ; *Research Personnel
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2015-07-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bond, Mariano -- Tejedor, Marcelo F -- Campbell, Kenneth E Jr -- Chornogubsky, Laura -- Novo, Nelson -- Goin, Francisco -- England -- Nature. 2015 Sep 24;525(7570):552. doi: 10.1038/nature14955. Epub 2015 Jul 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26222028" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2015-03-25
    Description: Wing polyphenism is an evolutionarily successful feature found in a wide range of insects. Long-winged morphs can fly, which allows them to escape adverse habitats and track changing resources, whereas short-winged morphs are flightless, but usually possess higher fecundity than the winged morphs. Studies on aphids, crickets and planthoppers have revealed that alternative wing morphs develop in response to various environmental cues, and that the response to these cues may be mediated by developmental hormones, although research in this area has yielded equivocal and conflicting results about exactly which hormones are involved. As it stands, the molecular mechanism underlying wing morph determination in insects has remained elusive. Here we show that two insulin receptors in the migratory brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens, InR1 and InR2, have opposing roles in controlling long wing versus short wing development by regulating the activity of the forkhead transcription factor Foxo. InR1, acting via the phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase (PI(3)K)-protein kinase B (Akt) signalling cascade, leads to the long-winged morph if active and the short-winged morph if inactive. InR2, by contrast, functions as a negative regulator of the InR1-PI(3)K-Akt pathway: suppression of InR2 results in development of the long-winged morph. The brain-secreted ligand Ilp3 triggers development of long-winged morphs. Our findings provide the first evidence of a molecular basis for the regulation of wing polyphenism in insects, and they are also the first demonstration--to our knowledge--of binary control over alternative developmental outcomes, and thus deepen our understanding of the development and evolution of phenotypic plasticity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xu, Hai-Jun -- Xue, Jian -- Lu, Bo -- Zhang, Xue-Chao -- Zhuo, Ji-Chong -- He, Shu-Fang -- Ma, Xiao-Fang -- Jiang, Ya-Qin -- Fan, Hai-Wei -- Xu, Ji-Yu -- Ye, Yu-Xuan -- Pan, Peng-Lu -- Li, Qiao -- Bao, Yan-Yuan -- Nijhout, H Frederik -- Zhang, Chuan-Xi -- England -- Nature. 2015 Mar 26;519(7544):464-7. doi: 10.1038/nature14286. Epub 2015 Mar 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. ; Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25799997" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Forkhead Transcription Factors/deficiency/metabolism ; Hemiptera/*anatomy & histology/enzymology/genetics/*metabolism ; Insulin/metabolism ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism ; Receptor, Insulin/deficiency/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Wings, Animal/anatomy & histology/enzymology/*growth & development/*metabolism
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2015-12-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ghani, Azra C -- Burgess, Deborah Hay -- Reynolds, Alison -- Rousseau, Christine -- England -- Nature. 2015 Dec 3;528(7580):S50-2. doi: 10.1038/nature16038.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK. ; Principal, Kimataifa Diagnostics and Devices Consulting, 17319 15th Drive SE, Mill Creek, Washington 98012. Seattle, USA. ; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, 500 5th Avenue North, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26633765" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Communicable Diseases/*diagnosis/*economics/virology ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine/*economics/utilization ; Global Health/*economics ; HIV Infections/diagnosis/virology ; Health Resources/economics ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/diagnosis/epidemiology ; Humans ; Leishmaniasis, Visceral/diagnosis ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Viral Load
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2015-10-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉MacCoun, Robert -- Perlmutter, Saul -- England -- Nature. 2015 Oct 8;526(7572):187-9. doi: 10.1038/526187a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stanford University in California, USA. ; University of California, Berkeley, USA. He shared the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26450040" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2015-03-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zaratiegui, Mikel -- England -- Nature. 2015 Apr 9;520(7546):162-4. doi: 10.1038/nature14376. Epub 2015 Mar 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25807482" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Multiprotein Complexes/*metabolism ; *RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering/*genetics ; Schizosaccharomyces/*genetics/*metabolism ; Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins/*metabolism
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  • 98
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    Unknown
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2015-06-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ma, Xiaoya -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jul 2;523(7558):38-9. doi: 10.1038/nature14627. Epub 2015 Jun 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China, and at the Natural History Museum, London, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26106859" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Fossils/*ultrastructure ; Invertebrates/*classification/*ultrastructure ; *Phylogeny
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2015-10-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Panagos, Panos -- Borrelli, Pasquale -- Robinson, David A -- England -- Nature. 2015 Oct 8;526(7572):195. doi: 10.1038/526195d.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉European Commission Joint Research Centre - IES, Ispra, Italy. ; NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26450048" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2015-10-10
    Description: Quantum critical systems derive their finite-temperature properties from the influence of a zero-temperature quantum phase transition. The paradigm is essential for understanding unconventional high-Tc superconductors and the non-Fermi liquid properties of heavy fermion compounds. However, the microscopic origins of quantum phase transitions in complex materials are often debated. Here we demonstrate experimentally, with support from numerical renormalization group calculations, a universal crossover from quantum critical non-Fermi liquid behaviour to distinct Fermi liquid ground states in a highly controllable quantum dot device. Our device realizes the non-Fermi liquid two-channel Kondo state, based on a spin-1/2 impurity exchange-coupled equally to two independent electronic reservoirs. On detuning the exchange couplings we observe the Fermi liquid scale T*, at energies below which the spin is screened conventionally by the more strongly coupled channel. We extract a quadratic dependence of T* on gate voltage close to criticality, and validate an asymptotically exact description of the universal crossover between strongly correlated non-Fermi liquid and Fermi liquid states.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Keller, A J -- Peeters, L -- Moca, C P -- Weymann, I -- Mahalu, D -- Umansky, V -- Zarand, G -- Goldhaber-Gordon, D -- England -- Nature. 2015 Oct 8;526(7572):237-40. doi: 10.1038/nature15261.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA. ; BME-MTA Exotic Quantum Phases "Lendulet" Group, Institute of Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary. ; Department of Physics, University of Oradea, Oradea 410087, Romania. ; Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan 61-614, Poland. ; Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 96100, Israel.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26450057" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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