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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2021-08-04
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The ColLSMSA-KTH2019 gravimetric geoid model has been computed by the University of Gävle, the Lantmäteriet and the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in Sweden. The model has been worked out in the frame of the International Association of Geodesy Joint Working Group 2.2.2 "The 1 cm geoid experiment" and the so called "Colorado experiment". The area covered by the model is 251°E ≤ longitude ≤ 257°E, 36°N ≤ latitude ≤ 39°N with a grid spacing of 1' in both latitude and in longitude. The quasi-geoid is computed using a two-step procedure. First, the terrestrial and de-biased airborne gravity anomalies are gridded using a Remove-Compute-Restore technique and three-dimensional Least Squares Collocation (LSC) with spherical Tscherning and Rapp (1974) type of covariance functions. This step achieves downward continuation of the airborne gravity data and combination with the terrestrial observations. In the second step, the resulting surface gravity anomaly grid is used to compute height anomalies by using Least Squares Modification of Stokes’ formula with Additive corrections (LSMSA or KTH method). The GEOID17RefB global gravity model up to degree 2190 is used in the first gridding step, while the satellite-only GOCO05S model up to degree 240 is used in the second step. Finally, the classical formula by Heiskanen and Moritz (1967) is used for quasi-geoid to geoid conversion. The accuracy of the geoid model, when compared against GSVS17 GPS/leveling, is equal to 2.7 cm. The geoid model is provided in ISG format 2.0 (ISG Format Specifications), while the file in its original data format is available at the model ISG webpage.
    Description: Other
    Description: The International Service for the Geoid (ISG) was founded in 1992 (as International Geoid Service - IGeS) and it is now an official service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), under the umbrella of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). The main activities of ISG consist in collecting, analysing and redistributing local and regional geoid models, as well as organizing international schools on the geoid determination (Reguzzoni et al., 2021).
    Keywords: Geodesy ; Geoid model ; ISG ; Least Squares modification of Stokes integral with additive corrections ; Colorado experiment ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEODETICS 〉 GEOID CHARACTERISTICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2021-08-04
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The ColLSMSA-KTH2019 gravimetric quasi-geoid model has been computed by the University of Gävle, the Lantmäteriet and the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in Sweden. The model has been worked out in the frame of the International Association of Geodesy Joint Working Group 2.2.2 "The 1 cm geoid experiment" and the so called "Colorado experiment". The area covered by the model is 251°E ≤ longitude ≤ 257°E, 36°N ≤ latitude ≤ 39°N with a grid spacing of 1' in both latitude and in longitude. The quasi-geoid is computed using a two-step procedure. First, the terrestrial and de-biased airborne gravity anomalies are gridded using a Remove-Compute-Restore technique and three-dimensional Least Squares Collocation (LSC) with spherical Tscherning and Rapp (1974) type of covariance functions. This step achieves downward continuation of the airborne gravity data and combination with the terrestrial observations. In the second step, the resulting surface gravity anomaly grid is used to compute height anomalies by using Least Squares Modification of Stokes’ formula with Additive corrections (LSMSA or KTH method). The GEOID17RefB global gravity model up to degree 2190 is used in the first gridding step, while the satellite-only GOCO05S model up to degree 240 is used in the second step. The accuracy of the quasi-geoid model, when compared against GSVS17 GPS/leveling, is equal to 2.8 cm. The quasi-geoid model is provided in ISG format 2.0 (ISG Format Specifications), while the file in its original data format is available at the model ISG webpage.
    Description: Other
    Description: The International Service for the Geoid (ISG) was founded in 1992 (as International Geoid Service - IGeS) and it is now an official service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), under the umbrella of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). The main activities of ISG consist in collecting, analysing and redistributing local and regional geoid models, as well as organizing international schools on the geoid determination (Reguzzoni et al., 2021).
    Keywords: Geodesy ; Geoid model ; ISG ; Least Squares modification of Stokes integral with additive corrections ; Colorado experiment ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEODETICS 〉 GEOID CHARACTERISTICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2021-08-19
    Description: Abstract
    Description: High-resolution spherical harmonic representation of the Earth's topographic gravitational potential based on a three-layer decomposition of the topography with variable density values. Main features: - Three-layer decomposition of the topography using information of the new 1'x1' Earth2014 topography model - Rigorous separate modeling of rock, water, and ice masses with layer-specific density values: Rock: 2670 kg m-3, Water: 1030 kg m-3 (Ocean), 1000 kg m-3 (Inland), Ice: 917 kg m-3 - Ellipsoidal arrangement of the topography using the GRS80 ellipsoid + geoid undulations as height reference surface - Additional compilation of a consistent rock-equivalent version REQ_TOPO_2015 using condensed DTM-heights Processing: - Forward modelling in the space domain using tesseroid mass bodies - Transformation of global gridded values to the frequency domain by applying harmonic analysis up to degree and order 2190 Model versions: - Spherical harmonic coefficients of the RWI model are provided by two versions (GM = 3.986004415e+14 m3 s-2, a = 6378136.3 m): RWI_TOPO_2015 (topographic potential) REQ_TOPO_2015 (topogr. potential of rock-equivalent heights) - To allow the evaluation of the RWI model by synthesis software that by default subtracts the coefficients of a normal gravity field, two additional versions are available: RWI_TOPO_2015_plusGRS80 (RWI_TOPO_2015 + GRS80) REQ_TOPO_2015_plusGRS80 (REQ_TOPO_2015 + GRS80) where the following zonal harmonic coefficients of the GRS80 normal gravity field are added to the coefficients of the RWI model: C( 0,0) = 0.100000014676351e+01 C( 2,0) = -0.484167032228604e-03 C( 4,0) = 0.790304535833168e-06 C( 6,0) = -0.168725253450154e-08 C( 8,0) = 0.346053594536695e-11 C(10,0) = -0.265006548323563e-14 C(12,0) = -0.410788602320538e-16 C(14,0) = 0.447176931400485e-18 C(16,0) = -0.346362561442980e-20 Note that these coefficients are already rescaled to the above specified parameters GM and a of the RWI model. Details about the used Earth2014 topography model can be found in Hirt and Rexer (2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2015.03.001).
    Keywords: Gravity forward modeling ; Spherical harmonic model ; Topographic gravity field model ; Rock–Water–Ice (RWI) decomposition ; Topographic potential ; Topographic reduction ; Tesseroids ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 LAND SURFACE 〉 TOPOGRAPHY 〉 TOPOGRAPHIC EFFECTS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2021-08-18
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Tropical cyclones (TCs) pose a major risk to societies worldwide. While data on observed cyclones tracks (location of the center) and wind speeds is publicly available these data sets do not contain information on the spatial extent of the storm and people or assets exposed. Here, we provide a collection of tropical cyclone exposure data (TCE-DAT) derived with the help of spatially-explicit data on population densities and Gross Domestic Product (GDP), also available at http://doi.org/10.5880/pik.2017.007. Up to now, this collection contains:1) A global data set of tropical cyclone exposure accumulated to the country/event level http://doi.org/10.5880/pik.2017.0052) A global data set of spatially-explicit tropical cyclone exposure available for all TC events since 1950 http://doi.org/10.5880/pik.2017.008TCE-DAT is considered key information to 1) assess the contribution of climatological versus socioeconomic drivers of changes in exposure to tropical cyclones, 2) estimate changes in vulnerability from the difference in exposure and reported damages and calibrate associated damage functions, and 3) build improved exposure-based predictors to estimate higher-level societal impacts such as long-term effects on GDP, employment, or migration. We expect that the free availability of the underlying model and TCE-DAT will make research on tropical cyclone risks more accessible to non-experts and stakeholders.
    Keywords: climate risk modeling ; socio-economic exposure ; natural disasters
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2021-08-20
    Description: Abstract
    Description: These data are supplementary material to Pampel (2019) and present the results of a quantitative survey on Open Access among scientific institutions in Germany. Both the report and the data are available in German only. 701 German universities and research institutions were invited to take part in this survey. From September to November 2018, 403 academic institutions took part. Hence, it is the most comprehensive survey on Open Access practices to this day.The results provide an overview of the current state of policies on Open Access and of the status of Open Access infrastructures in Germany. In addition, the results enable a better understanding of today’s handling and monitoring of Open Access publication costs. Furthermore, the study describes the status of Open Access monitoring and reports on current transformation strategies to promote Open Access. The project was founded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) as part of the Project „Options4OA” and conducted by Heinz Pampel of the Helmholtz Open Science Coordination Office.The project was founded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) as part of the Project „Options4OA” and conducted by Heinz Pampel of the Helmholtz Open Science Coordination Office.Version history/ Corrigendum(5 Sep 2019) In version 1.0, incorrect percentages were given for questions for which multiple answers were possible. This error was corrected in version 2.0. The following questions were affected: 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 19, 21, 24, 26, 29, 31, 34 and 38.
    Keywords: Scholarly Communication ; Open Access ; Repositories ; Academic Libraries ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 EDUCATION/OUTREACH ; policy 〉 scientific policy
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2021-08-27
    Description: Abstract
    Description: These data are supplementary material to “Bedrock Geology of DFDP-2B, Central Alpine Fault, New Zealand” (Toy et al., 2017, http://doi.org/10.1080/00288306.2017.1375533). The data tables SF3 and SF4 are provided as well as Excel as well as CSV and PDF versions (in the zip folder). The table numbers below are referring to Toy et al. (2017): Toy_SF1.pdf (Data Description): Supplementary Data to “Bedrock Geology of DFDP-2B, Central Alpine Fault, New Zealand”, including supplementary methods, Information on reference frames and corrections, and protocols for thin section preparation and scanning electron microscopic analyses. Toy_SF2: Table S1. Time vs. depth during drilling, with lag dip corrections Toy_SF3: Table S2. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) data acquired using a TESCAN Integrated Mineral Analyzer (TIMA) and phases detected by mineral liberation analysis (MLA) Toy_SF4: Table S3. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) grain sizes.
    Keywords: Alpine Fault ; New Zealand ; scientific drilling ; mylonite ; cataclasite ; energy dispersive spectroscopy ; TESCAN Integrated Mineral Analyzer ; mineral liberation analysis ; electron backscatter diffraction
    Type: Dataset
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2021-08-13
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The survey-mode GPS (sGPS) network in the IPOC region consists of 91 geodetic markers. Over the last decade, the positions of these points in the network have been periodically measured, thus enabling us to quantify the decadal patterns of deformation processes. This temporal catalogue of coordinates complement the continuous GPS (cGPS) array. Meta-data and raw data in Rinex format for the surveys carried out in 2008, 2011, 2013, 2014, 2015, and 2016 are available for 91 sites in the north of Chile and the northwest of Argentina. Included in this temporal catalogue are observations made shortly after the 2014 Pisagua-Iquique earthquake. Detailed information about data availability, metadata and site descriptions can be found at: https://kg189/gnss/IPOCSGPS. More description about the Integrated Plate Boundary Observatory Chile (IPOC) can be found at the IPOC Website (www.ipoc-network.org) and on the sGPS Survey on www.ipoc-network.org/associated-projects/gps-campaigns/.
    Keywords: GPS ; Chile ; earthquakes ; subduction zone ; active deformation ; monitoring ; IPOC ; Integrated Plate Boundary Observatory Chile
    Language: English
    Type: Dataset
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2021-09-02
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The experimental gravity field model XGM2016 is an outcome of TUM's assessment of a 15'x15' data grid excerpt provided from NGA's updated and revised gravity data base. The assessment shall support NGA's efforts on the way on the way to the Earth Gravity Model EGM2020.
    Description: Other
    Description: XGM2016 is a combination model based on the satellite-only gravity field model GOCO05s and a global 15'x15' data grid provided from NGA's data base.
    Keywords: ICGEM ; global gravitational model ; GOCO ; Geodesy ; GOCE
    Language: English
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2021-09-02
    Description: Abstract
    Description: XGM2019e is a combined global gravity field model represented through spheroidal harmonics up to d/o 5399, corresponding to a spatial resolution of 2’ (~4 km). As data sources it includes the satellite model GOCO06s in the longer wavelength area combined with terrestrial measurements for the shorter wavelengths. The terrestrial data itself consists over land and ocean of gravity anomalies provided by courtesy of NGA (identical to XGM2016, having a resolution of 15’) augmented with topographically derived gravity over land (EARTH2014). Over the oceans, gravity anomalies derived from satellite altimetry are used (DTU13, in consistency with the NGA dataset).The combination of the satellite data with the terrestrial observations is performed by using full normal equations up to d/o 719 (15’). Beyond d/o 719, a block-diagonal least-squares solution is calculated for the high-resolution terrestrial data (from topography and altimetry). All calculations are performed in the spheroidal harmonic domain.In the spectral band up to d/o 719 the new model shows over land a slightly improved behavior over preceding models such as XGM2016, EIGEN6c4 or EGM2008 when comparing it to independent GPS leveling data. Over land and in the spectral range above d/o 719 the accuracy of XGM2019e suffers from the sole use of topographic forward modelling; Hence, errors are increased in well-surveyed areas compared to models containing real gravity data, e.g. EIGEN6c4 or EGM2008. However, the performance of XGM2019e can be considered as globally more homogeneous and independent from existing high resolution global models. Over the oceans the model exhibits an improved performance throughout the complete spectrum (equal or better than preceding models).
    Keywords: geodesy ; global gravity field model ; ICGEM ; GOCO ; GOCE ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEODETICS 〉 GEOID CHARACTERISTICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY
    Language: English
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
    Format: 6 Files
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2021-09-02
    Description: Abstract
    Description: TIM_R6e is an extended version of the satellity-only global gravity field model TIM_R6 (Brockmann et al., 2019) which includes additional terrestrial gravity field observations over GOCE's polar gap areas. The included terrestrial information consists of the PolarGap campaign data (Forsberg et al., 2017) augumented by the AntGG gravity data compilation (Scheinert et al., 2016) over the southern polar gap (〉83°S) and the ArcGP data (Forsberg et al. 2007) over the northern polar gap (〉83°N). The combination is performed on normal equation level, encompassing the terrestrial data as spectrally limited geographic 0.5°x0.5° grids over the polar gaps.
    Description: TechnicalInfo
    Description: Processing procedures: (extending TIM_R6)Gravity from orbits (SST): (identical to TIM_R6)- short-arc integral method applied to kinematic orbits, up to degree/order 150- orbit variance information included as part of the stochastic model, it is refined by empirical covariance functionsGravity from gradients (SGG): (identical to TIM_R6)- parameterization up to degree/order 300- observations used: Vxx, Vyy, Vzz and Vxz in the Gradiometer Reference Frame (GRF)- realistic stochastic modelling by applying digital decorrelation filters to the observation equations; estimated separately for individual data segments applying a robust procedureGravity from terrestrial observations (TER):- collocation of the original terrestrial data sources onto 30'x30' geographic gravity disturbance grids (in the polar gap areas above 83° southern/northern latitude, thus forming a pair of polar caps)- spectral limitation of the data to D/O 300 within the collocation process- the chosen grid is fully compatible with the grid of the zero observation constraints of the original TIM_R6 model. In its function it replaces the original constraints- from the collocated polar caps, a partial normal equation system, up to D/O 300 is derivedCombined solution:- addition of normal equations (SST D/O 150, SGG D/O 300, TER D/O 300)- Constraints: * Kaula-regularization applied to coefficients of degrees/orders 201 - 300 (constrained towards zero, fully compatible with TIM_R6)- weighting of SST and SGG is identical to TIM_R6. All TER observations are weighted with 5 mGal.Specific features of resulting gravity field:- Gravity field solution is (mostly) independent of any other gravity field information (outside the polar gap region)- Constraint towards zero starting from degree/order 201 to improve signal-to-noise ratio- Related variance-covariance information represents very well the true errors of the coefficients (outside the polar gap region)- Solution can be used for independent comparison and combination on normal equation level with other satellite-only models (e.g. GRACE), terrestrial gravity data, and altimetry (outside the polar gap region)- Since in the low degrees the solution is based solely on GOCE orbits, it is not competitive with a GRACE model in this spectral region (outside the polar gap region)- In comparison to TIM_R6, TIM_R6e should deliver more accurate results, especially towards the polar gaps. However, as it uses additional data sources it cannot be seen as totally independent anymore: even outside the polar gap regions correlations (introduced by the holistic nature of spherical harmonics) may be found.
    Keywords: global gravitational model ; ICGEM ; GOCE ; PolarGap ; geodesy ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEODETICS 〉 GEOID CHARACTERISTICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY
    Language: English
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
    Format: 3 Files
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