ALBERT

Description: Data underlying figures 1, 2, 3 and 5. Figure 1: Monthly mass changes of the Greenland Ice Sheet from GRACE/GRACE-FO and SMB-D (2003-2019) Figure 2: Biennial mass balance and its components from GRACE/GRACE-FO and SMB-D (2003-2018) for the Greenland Ice Sheet, along with regional estimates for 2017-2018 for East and West. Figure 3: Rate of mass change for year 2019 from GRACE/GRACE-FO and SMB-D Figure 5: Annual mass balance and its main components from SMB-D (1948-2019) and GRACE/GRACE-FO (2003-2019)

Description: Here, we provide the raw pollen data archived in three Siberian lake sediment cores spanning the mid-Holocene to the present (7.6-0 cal ka BP), from northern typical tundra to southern open larch forest in the Omoloy region. There are three cores: 1. 14-OM-20B, Lat. / °: 70.53, Lon. / °: 132.91, Ele. / m a.s.l.: 52, Modern vegetation: open larch forest, Lake area / km2: 0.26, Maximal depth / m: 3.4 2. 14-OM-02B, Lat. / °: 70.72, Lon. / °: 132.67, Ele. / m a.s.l.: 58, Modern vegetation: forest tundra, Lake area / km2: 0.08, Maximal depth / m: 3.5 3. 14-OM-12A, Lat. / °: 70.96, Lon. / °: 132.57, Ele. / m a.s.l.: 60, Modern vegetation: tundra, Lake area / km2: 0.09, Maximal depth / m: 4.5 Three lake sediment cores, 14OM12A (33 cm long), 14OM02B (49.5 cm long) and 14OM20B (86 cm long), were recovered from three sites using a UWITEC gravity corer (6 cm internal diameter) equipped with a hammer tool in July 2014. From the three cores, 16 bulk organic carbon samples were selected because of the lack of macrofossil remains and radiocarbon dated using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) at Poznań radiocarbon laboratory of Adam Mickiewicz University, Poland. In addition, 30 freeze-dried samples per core at 0.25 or 0.5 cm intervals between 0 and 15 cm were analysed for 210Pb/137Cs at the Liverpool University Environmental Radioactivity Laboratory. In this project, we analyse pollen and sedaDNA (Liu et al., 2020; doi:10.5061/dryad.69p8cz900) from three lake sediment cores from the Omoloy region in north-eastern Siberia (northern Yakutia), which are currently surrounded by different vegetation types ranging from typical tundra to open larch forest. First, our aim is to compare sedaDNA with the pollen data to see whether both methods track the same pattern with respect to compositional changes and diversity changes across the northern Russian treeline zone or are complementary to each other. Second, we reconstruct the mid- to late-Holocene changes of vegetation composition along a north–south transect. Third, we use the sedaDNA data to reconstruct variations in species richness and relate this to vegetation and climate change.

Description: Understanding the resilience of African savannas to global change requires quantitative information on long-term vegetation dynamics. Here we present a reconstruction of past vegetation cover of the northern Namibian savanna obtained after applying the REVEALS model to fossil pollen data from Lake Otjikoto. We also present modern pollen and vegetation data used to calculate pollen productivity estimates for the major Namibian savanna taxa Acacia (Senegalia, Vachellia), Combretaceae, Dichrostachys, Grewia and Poaceae. Data were collected at 10 sites along a rainfall gradient in north central Namibia. Modern pollen was extracted from soil samples collected from plots at the different sites. Vegetation data were extracted from satellite images covering a 1.5 km radius from the plots where pollen was collected. The mean cover of the studied taxa was calculated by 100 m rings.

Description: The Late Holocene is a substantial cultural and economic transition in the eastern Eurasian Steppe and Altai Region, but paleoclimate conditions during this time remain unclear. Therefore, we established a high-resolution paleoclimate record from Lake Khar Nuur in the Mongolian Altai, spanning the last 4200 years. Lake Khar Nuur is a high-altitude lake with a small catchment located at 2,486 m a.s.l. (48°37'22.9"N, 88°56'42.5"E). We recovered the sediment core (that we abbreviate KN18) from the deepest part of the lake (49.4 m) in July 2018 using an Uwitec gravity corer. Within the sediment core KN18, a wide array of lake sediment proxies was measured. While total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen, bulk δ^13^C~TOC~, δ^15^N and biogenic silica were measured in 2 cm resolution, the elemental composition (log (Ca/Ti) ratio) was measured in 0.5 cm resolution. Additionally, compound-specific hydrogen isotopic composition of _n_-alkanes was measured in 1 cm resolution.

Description: A shallow subtidal area in the northern Wadden Sea was monitored over 17 years for sediment parameters and macrobenthic fauna using stratified random sampling of a grid of 50 sampling positions. Samples were collected with a Reineck-type box-corer of 0.02 m² surface area, always during preceeded high tide. Granulometric sediment composition was analysed from a sub-sample of each box-core using a diffraction laser particle-size analyser. Macrobenthos (sieved through 1 mm square meshes and fixed in buffered formalin solution) was counted, identified to species level, and the size of hard-shelled individuals measured. The amount of shell detritus was quantified as wet-weight in the benthos samples. From 2003 to 2007 sampling was approximatively monthly and from 2008 to 2013 seasonally. When a new ship with larger drought was put into operation, the number of sampling sites needed to be reduced to 33 from 2014 onwards and sampling frequency was only once per year in autumn.

Description: The data set contains the results of laboratory examination of 13 soil samples taken at the ground truthing reference sites during the flight campaign.

Description: Here we present soil characteristics from Alpine European larch and Swiss pine forests, as well as mixed forests. The forests are located in the LTSER area "Val Mazia/Matschertal" in the Vinschgau Valley, South Tyrol, Italy. Each three replicates from each forest type (larch, pine, and mixed) were sampled in late summer 2017.

Description: This dataset includes alkalinity measurements of a loess weathering column experiment, which was conducted under laboratory conditions with atmospheric pCO2.

Description: This dataset includes alkalinity measurements of a loess weathering column experiment, which was conducted under laboratory conditions with saturated pCO2.

Description: This Dataset serves as supplementary table S2 for our publication (Farfan et al, 2021). It contains all of the mineralogical, oxygen isotope, and Kentucky Lake environmental data compiled for the study, set into nacre-transect space defined by the SIMS-pits taken during oxygen isotope analyses.

Description: Offshore wind energy is a steadily growing sector contributing to the worldwide energy production. The impact of these offshore constructions on the marine environment, however, remains unclear in many aspects. In fact, little is known about potential emissions from corrosion protection systems such as organic coatings or galvanic anodes composed of Al and Zn alloys, used to protect offshore structures. In order to assess potential chemical emissions from offshore wind farms and their impact on the marine environment water and sediment samples were taken in the surroundings of offshore wind farms of the German Bight between 25.07.2016 and 02.08.2016. At every sampling station oceanographic parameters were measured directly on board with respective probes of a multimeter covering pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature and conductivity.

Description: Barium (Ba) isotopes are a promising new tracer for riverine freshwater input to the ocean and marine biogeochemical cycling. However, many processes that affect Ba cycling at continental margins have not yet been investigated with respect to Ba isotope fractionation. We present a comprehensive data set of Ba concentration and isotope data for water column, pore water and sediment samples from Kiel Bight, a seasonally stratified and hypoxic fjord in the southwestern Baltic Sea.

Description: Barium (Ba) isotopes are a promising new tracer for riverine freshwater input to the ocean and marine biogeochemical cycling. However, many processes that affect Ba cycling at continental margins have not yet been investigated with respect to Ba isotope fractionation. We present a comprehensive data set of Ba concentration and isotope data for water column, pore water and sediment samples from Kiel Bight, a seasonally stratified and hypoxic fjord in the southwestern Baltic Sea.

Description: Barium (Ba) isotopes are a promising new tracer for riverine freshwater input to the ocean and marine biogeochemical cycling. However, many processes that affect Ba cycling at continental margins have not yet been investigated with respect to Ba isotope fractionation. We present a comprehensive data set of Ba concentration and isotope data for water column, pore water and sediment samples from Kiel Bight, a seasonally stratified and hypoxic fjord in the southwestern Baltic Sea.

Description: Barium (Ba) isotopes are a promising new tracer for riverine freshwater input to the ocean and marine biogeochemical cycling. However, many processes that affect Ba cycling at continental margins have not yet been investigated with respect to Ba isotope fractionation. We present a comprehensive data set of Ba concentration and isotope data for water column, pore water and sediment samples from Kiel Bight, a seasonally stratified and hypoxic fjord in the southwestern Baltic Sea.

Description: Barium (Ba) isotopes are a promising new tracer for riverine freshwater input to the ocean and marine biogeochemical cycling. However, many processes that affect Ba cycling at continental margins have not yet been investigated with respect to Ba isotope fractionation. We present a comprehensive data set of Ba concentration and isotope data for water column, pore water and sediment samples from Kiel Bight, a seasonally stratified and hypoxic fjord in the southwestern Baltic Sea.

Description: Swiftia phaeton, a new species, is described for Mauritania where it is endemic at the upper bathyal. This azooxanthellate octocoral is distinctive from congeneric species in the NE Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea by the dark red coloration of the colonies and polyps, the presence of a layer of rod sclerites on top of the calyces and different sizes of polyps and sclerites. Coral gardens dominated by a species of the genus Swiftia Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 were filmed for the first time it the southern NE Atlantic Ocean. The extensive Swiftia phaeton sp. nov. dominated habitats were recorded during the Phaeton expedition onboard Maria S. Merian in 2010 at the Mauritanian Slope between 20°24N and 17°54N in 470 - 640 m depth, co-occurring with the framework-forming scleractinians Lophelia pertusa (Linnaeus, 1758) and Madrepora oculata (Linnaeus, 1758). ROV video annotation based on size and density distribution of Swiftia enabled the characterization of the new biotope.

Description: Five sites across the Kiel Fjord in the Baltic Sea (GEOMAR Pier: 54.330383 N 10.150683 E, Kiel Canal Entry: 54.361167 N, 10.162533 E, Falckenstein: 54.390217 N, 10.194983 E, Laboe: 54.405633 N, 10.209750 E, and Strande: 54.428267 N, 10.209267 E) were monitored biweekly from June 2013 until October 2020 (with some discontinuities in winter). Depth profiles were taken with a CTD (Sea & Sun Technology, Trappenkamp, CTD 60) recording temperature, salinity, pH, oxygen concentration as well as oxygen saturation. Oxygen and pH were corrected for temperature and salinity based on Standard Data Acquisition SSDA (C)opyright by SST 1999-2006. To avoid showing wrong measurements of the CTD probe, thresholds for the measured parameters were set (Temperature ≤ 25 °C, 8 ≤ Salinity ≥ 23, 5 ≤ pH ≥10, 0 mg L-1 ≤ Oxygen concentration ≥ 12 mg L-1 and 0% ≤ Oxygen Saturation ≥ 120%). Only those values were kept in the data set that did not exceed or fell below these thresholds. Furthermore, station specific depth limits were set (GEOMAR Pier ≤ 19 m, Kiel Canal Entry ≤ 13 m, Falckenstein ≤ 16 m, Laboe ≤ 17 m and Strande ≤ 17 m) and date exceeding of falling below these limits were excluded from the data set.

Description: The submitted datasets contain surface seawater partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) values measured with Kongsberg Contros/4H-Jena HydroC-FT membrane-based sensors. These sensors were integrated on the FerryBox installed on the commercial vessel Hafnia Sea (DFDS Seaways shipping company) travelling in the North Sea and maintained by the Coastal Research group at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Germany. The pCO2 data were reprocessed from the raw data and corrected for sensor post-calibration where this was available. The instrument produces a result every second. 20-second averages are used for calculations and reported. Temperature and salinity results are also provided where available. These were measured from the underway with Falmouth Scientific Instruments/ Teledyne Instruments sensors also integrated with the FerryBox. The sensors were regularly maintained and occasionally replaced.

Description: The submitted datasets contain surface seawater partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) values measured with Kongsberg Contros/4H-Jena HydroC-FT membrane-based sensors. These sensors were integrated on the FerryBox installed on the commercial vessel Lysbris Seaways (DFDS Seaways shipping company) travelling in the North Sea and maintained by the Coastal Research group at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Germany. The pCO2 data were reprocessed from the raw data and corrected for sensor post-calibration where this was available. The instrument produces a result every second. 20-second averages are used for calculations and reported. Temperature and salinity results are also provided where available. These were measured from the underway with Falmouth Scientific Instruments/ Teledyne Instruments sensors also integrated with the FerryBox. The sensors were regularly maintained and occasionally replaced.

Description: The submitted datasets contain surface seawater partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) values measured with Kongsberg Contros/4H-Jena HydroC-FT membrane-based sensors. These sensors were integrated on the FerryBox installed on the commercial vessel Lysbris Seaways (DFDS Seaways shipping company) travelling in the North Sea and maintained by the Coastal Research group at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Germany. The pCO2 data were reprocessed from the raw data and corrected for sensor post-calibration where this was available. The instrument produces a result every second. 20-second averages are used for calculations and reported. Temperature and salinity results are also provided where available. These were measured from the underway with Falmouth Scientific Instruments/ Teledyne Instruments sensors also integrated with the FerryBox. The sensors were regularly maintained and occasionally replaced.

Description: The submitted datasets contain surface seawater partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) values measured with Kongsberg Contros/4H-Jena HydroC-FT membrane-based sensors. These sensors were integrated on the FerryBox installed on the commercial vessel Hafnia Sea (DFDS Seaways shipping company) travelling in the North Sea and maintained by the Coastal Research group at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Germany. The pCO2 data were reprocessed from the raw data and corrected for sensor post-calibration where this was available. The instrument produces a result every second. 20-second averages are used for calculations and reported. Temperature and salinity results are also provided where available. These were measured from the underway with Falmouth Scientific Instruments / Teledyne Instruments sensors also integrated with the FerryBox. The sensors were regularly maintained and occasionally replaced.

Description: The submitted datasets contain surface seawater partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) values measured with Kongsberg Contros/4H-Jena HydroC-FT membrane-based sensors. These sensors were integrated on the FerryBox installed on the commercial vessel Lysbris Seaways (DFDS Seaways shipping company) travelling in the North Sea and maintained by the Coastal Research group at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Germany. The pCO2 data were reprocessed from the raw data and corrected for sensor post-calibration where this was available. The instrument produces a result every second. 20-second averages are used for calculations and reported. Temperature and salinity results are also provided where available. These were measured from the underway with Falmouth Scientific Instruments/ Teledyne Instruments sensors also integrated with the FerryBox. The sensors were regularly maintained and occasionally replaced.

Description: The submitted datasets contain surface seawater partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) values measured with Kongsberg Contros/4H-Jena HydroC-FT membrane-based sensors. These sensors were integrated on the FerryBox installed on the commercial vessel Lysbris Seaways (DFDS Seaways shipping company) travelling in the North Sea and maintained by the Coastal Research group at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Germany. The pCO2 data were reprocessed from the raw data and corrected for sensor post-calibration where this was available. The instrument produces a result every second. 20-second averages are used for calculations and reported. Temperature and salinity results are also provided where available. These were measured from the underway with Falmouth Scientific Instruments/ Teledyne Instruments sensors also integrated with the FerryBox. The sensors were regularly maintained and occasionally replaced.

Description: Data set of current meter and temperature logger mooring deployed at position 30°29.04'N, 30°11.7'W, in 4530m water depth. Record starts on Aug 8, 2017, ends May, 10, 2018. Instruments at 299m (ADCP/SBE56), 609m (Aquadopp/SBE56), 1027m (Aquadopp/SBE56), 1426m (Aquadopp/SBE39+), 2053m (Aquadopp/SBE39+), 2889m (Aquadopp/SBE39+), 3729m (Aquadopp/SBE39+), 4566m (Aquadopp/SBE39+).

Description: Dissolved zirconium (Zr) is present in open-ocean seawater in low pmol/kg concentrations and studies for the Pacific Ocean reported an increase in concentration with depth although Zr is characterized as being particle-reactive. We observed the same pattern in this study and report the first data on dissolved Zr in the (sub)tropical Atlantic Ocean. We analyzed dissolved Zr in 194 Atlantic seawater samples (0.2 µm filtered) collected at 16 stations located in the (sub)tropical Atlantic during GEOTRACES cruise M81/1 (GEOTRACES cruise GA11, RV Meteor, 04.02.-08.03.2010). Seawater samples were collected with a trace metal clean CTD and filtration, subsampling and acidification was performed in the clean laboratory container onboard. Measurements were done using our newly developed online-preconcentration method for the SeaFAST-system (ESI, seaFAST 1) with subsequent analysis by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (Perkin-Elmer, ELAN DRC-e). Details on the preconcentration of Zr and the analytical measurement are provided in Poehle et al. 2015 (doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2014.11.014). Our results showed an increase in dissolved Zr with depth with some distinct maxima at intermediate depths along a NE-SW transect (30°N to 12°S) in the Atlantic. Surface depletion was less pronounced along the Atlantic SE-NW transect (12°S to 8°N) and disappeared almost completely at the northernmost station at 8°N. We suggest that dust deposited off West Africa scavenged Zr from surface waters and riverine discharge from the Amazon may represent a source to the West Atlantic. The correlation of Zr with Si hints to a coupling of Zr to the uptake and release on and from Si particles such as biogenic opal. Remineralization of Si-particulates in deep waters release Zr which seems to be stabilized in the dissolved phase by complexation with e.g. organic ligands. This is supported by a sequential filtration approach (0.2 µm and 0.015 µm filter pore size) on seawater samples collected in the Pacific Ocean (research cruise SO229, 2011) showing that up to 91% of dissolved Zr in deep waters are present in the fraction 〈 0.015 µm. Hence, truly dissolved or colloidally bound Zr seems to a reasonable explanation for the observed increase in concentration with depth. Submitted data include the date of sample collection, geographic coordinates, depth and the concentration of dissolved Zr in pmol/kg.

Description: The Scotian Shelf harbors unique aggregations of the glass sponge Vazella pourtalesii providing an important habitat for benthic and pelagic fauna. Recent studies have shown that these sponge grounds have persisted in the face of strong inter-annual and multi-decadal variability in temperature and salinity. However, little is known of the environmental characteristics on hourly-seasonal time scales. This study presents the first hydrodynamic observations and associated (food) particle supply mechanisms for the Vazella sponge grounds, highlighting the influence of natural variability in environmental conditions on sponge growth and resilience. Near-bottom environmental conditions were characterized by high temporal resolution data collected with a benthic lander, deployed during a period of 10-months in the Sambro Bank Sponge Conservation Area. The lander was equipped with temperature and oxygen sensors, a current meter, a sediment trap and a video camera. In addition, water column profiles of temperature and salinity were recorded along a transect, conducted in a gradient from high to lower sponge presence probability. Over the course of the lander deployment, temperature fluctuated between 8.8-12 °C with an average of 10.6 °C ± 0.4 °C. The water contained on average 6.3 mg l-1 oxygen and near bottom current speed was on average 0.12 m/s, with peaks up to 0.47 m/s. Semi-diurnal tidal flow was observed to result in constant resuspension of particulate matter in the benthic boundary layer. Surface storm events episodically caused extremely turbid conditions on the seafloor that persisted for several days, with particles being resuspended to more than 13 m above the seabed. The carbon flux in the near-bottom sediment trap peaked during storm events and also after a spring bloom in April, when fresh phytodetritus was observed in the bottom boundary layer. While resuspension events can represent a major stressor for sponges, limiting their filtration capability and remobilizing them, episodes of strong currents and lateral particle transport likely play an important role in food supply and the replenishment of nutrients and oxygen. Our results contextualize human-induced threats such as bottom fishing and climate change by providing more knowledge of the natural environmental conditions under which sponge grounds persist.

Description: The submitted datasets contain surface seawater partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) values measured with Kongsberg Contros/4H-Jena HydroC-FT membrane-based sensors. These sensors were integrated on the FerryBox installed on the commercial vessel Hafnia Sea (DFDS Seaways shipping company) travelling in the North Sea and maintained by the Coastal Research group at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Germany. The pCO2 data were reprocessed from the raw data and corrected for sensor post-calibration where this was available. The instrument produces a result every second. 20-second averages are used for calculations and reported. Temperature and salinity results are also provided where available. These were measured from the underway with Falmouth Scientific Instruments / Teledyne Instruments sensors also integrated with the FerryBox. The sensors were regularly maintained and occasionally replaced.

Description: The submitted datasets contain surface seawater partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) values measured with Kongsberg Contros/4H-Jena HydroC-FT membrane-based sensors. These sensors were integrated on the FerryBox installed on the commercial vessel Lysbris Seaways (DFDS Seaways shipping company) travelling in the North Sea and maintained by the Coastal Research group at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Germany. The pCO2 data were reprocessed from the raw data and corrected for sensor post-calibration where this was available. The instrument produces a result every second. 20-second averages are used for calculations and reported. Temperature and salinity results are also provided where available. These were measured from the underway with Falmouth Scientific Instruments/ Teledyne Instruments sensors also integrated with the FerryBox. The sensors were regularly maintained and occasionally replaced.

Description: The submitted datasets contain surface seawater partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) values measured with Kongsberg Contros/4H-Jena HydroC-FT membrane-based sensors. These sensors were integrated on the FerryBox installed on the commercial vessel Lysbris Seaways (DFDS Seaways shipping company) travelling in the North Sea and maintained by the Coastal Research group at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Germany. The pCO2 data were reprocessed from the raw data and corrected for sensor post-calibration where this was available. The instrument produces a result every second. 20-second averages are used for calculations and reported. Temperature and salinity results are also provided where available. These were measured from the underway with Falmouth Scientific Instruments/ Teledyne Instruments sensors also integrated with the FerryBox. The sensors were regularly maintained and occasionally replaced.

Description: The submitted datasets contain surface seawater partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) values measured with Kongsberg Contros/4H-Jena HydroC-FT membrane-based sensors. These sensors were integrated on the FerryBox installed on the commercial vessel Lysbris Seaways (DFDS Seaways shipping company) travelling in the North Sea and maintained by the Coastal Research group at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Germany. The pCO2 data were reprocessed from the raw data and corrected for sensor post-calibration where this was available. The instrument produces a result every second. 20-second averages are used for calculations and reported. Temperature and salinity results are also provided where available. These were measured from the underway with Falmouth Scientific Instruments/ Teledyne Instruments sensors also integrated with the FerryBox. The sensors were regularly maintained and occasionally replaced.

Description: These data report surface mass balance (SMB) stake measurements at the frontal part of Gourdon Glacier on James Ross Island, northern Antarctic Peninsula. The measurements were conducted by drilling stakes made of bamboo or aluminium into the ice. Changes in the height above the glacier surface were measured in yearly field campaigns during January/February from 2014 until 2017. The resulting height differences in meter ice equivalents [SMB (m i.e.)] are presented together with the coordinates [Latitude Start (°)], [Longitude Start (°)], [Latitude End (°)], [Longitude End (°)] and the elevation in regard to the WGS84 ellipsoid [Altitude Start (m)] and [Altitude End (m)] for the start and the end date of each measurement period. GNSS measurements were done with a single-frequency hand-held Garmin GPS 60. The mass balance measurements were not corrected for movement within one yearly measurement period.

Description: Surface current drifters were deployed east of Brava island (Cape Verde archipelago, Atlantic ocean) from the RV Meteor during the cruise M160, which took place between 22. November and 20. December 2019. The drifters were deployed in 3 clusters with 3 drifters per cluster. The utilized drifters are the MD03i from Albatros Marine Technologies, Spain. They have a cylinder shape with a 10 cm diameter and 32 cm length. About 8 cm protrude from the water surface and a drogue of both 50 cm length and diameter is attached to each drifter 50 cm below the sea surface so that difter represent currents in the upper 1 m surface layer. The drifter obtains the GPS position and transmits it via the satellite communication system Iridium to the vessel. The overall ratio of drag area inside to drag area outside the water is 33.2.

Description: This data set includes the supplementary data to Schwarzenbach et al., subm., Journal of Geophysical Research. I includes major and trace element bulk rock data, rare earth element bulk rock data, bulk rock radiogenic strontium isotope, stable oxygen and hydrogen isotope data of serpentinites and ophicalcites from the Northern Apennine ophiolite sequence in Italy. In situ mineral data include rare earth element data and electron microprobe data of serpentine, amphibole, chlorite and talc. Carbonate vein data of microdrilled veins include radiogenic strontium isotope data and stable carbon and oxygen data.

Description: Stable oxygen and carbon isotopes were measured on (i) the planktic foraminifera species Globigerinoides ruber (white) and alternatively, in samples in which G. ruber was lacking, on Globigerinoides conglobatus; and (ii) the benthic foraminifera species Cibicidoides pachyderma and alternatively, in samples in which C. pachyderma was lacking, on Cibicides lobatulus. 10–15 planktic and 4-6 benthic specimens of the fraction 〉250 μm were selected. Additionally, attention was paid to select specimens of similar size to minimise influences of metabolic effects and changing preferential habitats during ontogeny. For cleaning and removal of sediment, the selected foraminifera were cracked between two glass plates, transferred to a sample cup, covered with ethanol and immerged into an ultrasonic bath for 5–10 s. The sediment brought into suspension was decanted. The procedure was repeated until the ethanol remained clear after the ultrasonic bath. The cleaned foraminifera were reacted with 100% phosphoric acidat 75 °C using a Kiel III online carbonate preparation line connected to a ThermoFinnigan 252 mass spectrometer (Geochemical Laboratory of the GeoZentrum Nordbayern,Germany). Isotopic data are expressed in per mil relative to V-PDB by assigning a δ18O-value of -2.20 ‰ to NBS19, using the standard δ-notation. The reproducibility was checked by replicate analysis of laboratory standards and was found to be better than ±0.05 for δ18O and δ13C (1σ).