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  • Articles  (40,577)
  • 2020-2024  (40,577)
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  • 1
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    Ocean Decade Vision 2030 White Papers – Challenge 5: Unlock Ocean-Based Solutions to Climate Change. (2024)
    UNESCO-IOC | Paris, France
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-09
    Description: By 2030, success for Ocean Decade Challenge number 5 will be marked by a move toward a more sustainable and climate-resilient ocean that aligns with the United Nations’ sustainable development goals. Crucially, the success of Challenge 5 is intricately linked to the outcomes of Challenges 1 to 4, which focus on understanding climate-ocean interactions, controlling marine pollution, conserving biodiversity, and ensuring sustainable food production. Success will include fulfillment of critical science and knowledge gaps with respect to climate adaptation and mitigation. Both approaches need to be addressed in parallel. Key mitigation approaches include the development of marine renewable energies, reduction in marine pollution, the development of blue carbon ecosystems, and marine carbon dioxide removal (mCDR). Adaptation approaches include increased ocean literacy/awareness; co-designed governance and co-operation; improved risk reduction policies; and improved predictive capability of ocean, climate, and weather forecasts. Challenge 5 was reported as one of the most commonly cited Challenges for knowledge uptake in the Decade. However, important gaps still remain in terms of the geographical scope of the actions under this and other challenges.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Climate change effects ; Ocean prediction ; Ocean forecasting ; Weather forecasting
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report
    Format: 25pp.
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  • 2
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    Ocean Decade Vision 2030 White Papers – Challenge 9: Skills, Knowledge, Technology, and Participatory Decision-Making for All. (2024)
    UNESCO-IOC | Paris, France
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-09
    Description: Challenge 9 aims to ensure comprehensive capacity development and equitable access to data, information, knowledge, technology, and participatory decision-making across all aspects of ocean science and for all stakeholders. It is based on the understanding that everyone has something to contribute through shared knowledge, resources, ideas, or partnerships. Challenge 9 therefore is focused on equity and justice in access to capacity, resources, and decision making. By 2030, success for Ocean Decade Challenge 9 will be reached when: Technical, transdisciplinary, and transversal skills required by scientists, resource users, educators, communicators, managers, and policymakers, to deliver the Decade’s challenges, are strengthened and evenly distributed with an emphasis on least developed countries (LDCs) and Small Island Developing States (SIDS) and other under-represented groups. Funding mechanisms, multi-directional partnerships, multi-directional partnerships, infrastructure, and technology required to deliver the Decade’s challenges across regions and communities are enhanced and evenly distributed with emphasis on promoting access to LDCs and SIDS and on promoting greater cooperation between regions. Users and stakeholders from currently under-represented groups (i.e., women; ECOPs; Indigenous communities; LDCs and SIDS; people with disabilities; and others) are well-represented and participatory in ocean science, communication, management, decision making, and policy within the Decade framework. Wider promotion of ethically-driven actions and access to open-source software, ocean data, knowledge, and information among different users of the ocean has been achieved, and language barriers/restrictions have been mediated, including sharing knowledge in forms that are well articulated by non-scientific audiences. Recognition for Indigenous and local knowledge and traditional beliefs that promote conservation receives backing by the Decade and is integrated into all the Decade challenges. Success will include fulfilment of the following critical capacity development needs: skills enhancement; representation and meaningful participation; equitable funding; infrastructure; technology; access to data and information; publishing of research findings; better representation of scientists and knowledge from LDCs, SIDS and other under-represented groups in international publications and decision-making bodies and procedures; and promotion of the use of multiple languages in ocean science communication.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Capacity development ; Under-represented groups ; Least Developed Countries (LDC) ; Equitable access ; Open access ; Small Island Developing States (SIDS)
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report
    Format: 28pp.
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  • 3
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    Ocean Decade Vision 2030 White Papers – Challenge 1: Understand And Beat Marine Pollution. (2024)
    UNESCO-IOC | Paris, France
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-09
    Description: By 2030, the success of Ocean Decade Challenge No.1 ‘Understand and Beat Marine Pollution’ will be demonstrated by the generation of scientifically sound data enabling a holistic understanding of the extent and impact of pollution across the land-ocean continuum, thereby supporting the achievement of a cleaner and healthier ocean where all ecosystems and their inhabitants thrive free from the impacts of marine pollution, allowing for their full functioning and service provision. This success will be based on completion of a comprehensive review of all available evidence about marine pollution, including an analysis of data gaps and the development and implementation of strategies for filling those gaps, as well as a comprehensive analysis of solutions for addressing and preventing the negative effects of marine pollution. Achieving this success will require knitting together existing and new data sets using AI and other technologies, identifying priority pollutants and areas for action, and providing globally consistent monitoring, data collection, storage and sharing protocols. Success will further be demonstrated through the establishment of new connections and partnerships among users across the public - private spectrum that lead to the funding, development and implementation of new technologies and projects aimed at monitoring, controlling, reducing, and/or mitigating marine pollution from any source, including the creation and sustainability of a global network of strategically positioned sentinel stations and regional laboratory hubs for sustained, long-term monitoring of marine pollution. Success will include fulfilment of the following critical knowledge gaps: • a comprehensive and holistic understanding of the impacts of priority pollutants (e.g., pollutants found or expected to emerge in high concentrations, or with high toxicity, or with significant adverse effects on biota or human health) across the land to ocean continuum; • a better understanding of the sources, sinks, fate and impacts of all pollutants, including the pollutants of emerging concern; • improved knowledge on the distribution and impacts of marine pollution, particularly in the Global South and deep ocean waters, which currently represent the largest geographical gaps. and the following priority datasets gaps: • long-term time series of marine pollutants; • baseline and toxicity data of pollutants across the land-ocean continuum; • data on the impacts of the co-occurrence of multiple pollutants; • data on the effects of climate change on the toxicity, bioavailability and impacts of multiple co-existent pollutants. • It will include development of: • a global network of strategically positioned sentinel stations for continuous, long-term monitoring; • cost-effective, real-time monitoring systems and technologies for tracking pollutant sources, distribution, and transfers across the land-ocean continuum; • a global network of regional laboratory hubs focused on generating high-quality data, promoting capacity building and facilitating technology transfer; • training programs on harmonized protocols for the acquisition, reporting and recording of quality-controlled data on marine pollution; • environmentally robust new technologies and processes for the control and mitigation of marine pollution.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Marine pollution ; Pollutants ; Ocean health
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report
    Format: 27pp.
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  • 4
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    Ocean Decade Vision 2030 White Papers – Challenge 4: Develop a Sustainable and Equitable Ocean Economy. (2024)
    UNESCO-IOC | Paris, France
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-09
    Description: This draft White Paper is one of a series of ten White Papers all of which have been authored by an expert Working Group. Accompanied by a synthesis report authored by the Decade Coordination Unit, it will be discussed at the 2024 Ocean Decade Conference before being finalised and published. 1.2 Strategic Ambition of Ocean Decade Challenge No. 4 By 2030, success for Ocean Decade Challenge No. 4: Develop a sustainable and equitable ocean economy, will be marked by significant advancements in establishing a knowledge-driven framework for informed decision-making and policy formulation. There will be enhanced collaboration among stakeholders, ensuring diverse community engagement and equitable benefit sharing while acknowledging and prioritising the culture, identity, and rights of IPLC that have historically depended on and thrived alongside ocean resources. Strategic mobilisation of blue finance will support investments in sustainable coastal and marine infrastructure, innovative technologies, and conservation efforts, reinforcing the economic foundation. Key policies and governance frameworks promoting sustainability and equity will be in place, alongside a balanced and reflective approach, laying the groundwork for a resilient and inclusive ocean economy. This success will be underpinned by improved data accessibility and capacity-sharing efforts, fostering a shared understanding and commitment to sustainable ocean use. Success will include fulfilment of the following critical science and knowledge gaps: addressing the interface between knowledge systems, policy implementation, and public-private partnerships to enable informed decision-making, focusing on biodiversity restoration, protection, and sustainable management as foundational elements of a sustainable and equitable ocean economy, and ensuring the inclusion of local and indigenous knowledge alongside environmental sustainability and social equity. The following priority datasets gaps will be targeted: comprehensive and up-to-date data on both human activities and state of the environment supporting informed and equitable decision-making and ensuring stakeholder and rights holder engagement in data capture and knowledge co-production. It will include robust capacity development and sharing as well as knowledge exchange to deepen understanding of ocean-human activity interconnections, emphasising investment in context-specific education, training, and research programs, and the integration of appropriate technology and innovation to support a sustainable, equitable, and resilient ocean economy and ensuring that future generations can benefit from the ocean's diverse resources and opportunities.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Sustainable economy ; Ocean economy ; Ocean governance ; Science policy interface
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report
    Format: 26pp.
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  • 5
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    Ocean Decade Vision 2030 White Papers - Challenge 10: Restoring Society's Relationship with the Ocean. (2024)
    UNESCO-IOC | Paris, France
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-09
    Description: By 2030, success for Ocean Decade Challenge No. 10 will be evidenced through a culture shift in the ocean community leading to implicit understanding that ocean threats are an outcome of human behaviour. This will require a shift in the way that ocean science, in the broad sense as defined in the Decade, is formulated, practiced, and communicated to ensure that all sectors of society have strengthened emotional connections with the ocean, and understand the vital role that the ocean plays in human and planetary well-being, including climate stability. All members of society across regions, sectors, and scales will have increased motivation, capability, and opportunity to make decisions and behave in ways that ensure a healthy ocean. By 2030, success for Ocean Decade Challenge No. 10 will include fulfilment of critical science and knowledge gaps: Increased priority and practice of science that embraces multiple knowledge systems and transdisciplinary collaboration Increased priority of Indigenous-led research, consistent with the supporting articles of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP), inherent rights, and signed treaty obligations with Indigenous Nations Increased priority of marine social sciences, particularly: public perceptions ocean research marine citizenship and identity research behavioural science research linked to ocean-climate education and communications research on how ocean literacy can be measured and monitored over time, and the impacts of an ocean literate society on ocean health research on ocean literacy as a policy tool science communication through multiple approaches including immersive technology, storytelling, and the arts Success will also depend on the generation, sharing, and use of the following priority datasets: human-ocean connection/human-ocean values dataset(s) pro-ocean behaviour change methodologies, case studies, and effective practices impact mapping of regional and key global ocean literacy initiatives ocean culture mapping that includes a global body of evidence (contextual, local knowledge) that demonstrates and supports cultural engagement as an enabler of ocean-human health. It will include the development of: a co-designed theory of change to action key drivers of Challenge 10, in which regional expertise helps guide the initial and ongoing strategic direction of the newly launched Decade Coordinating Office (DCO), Connecting People and Ocean a guiding portfolio of best practices on research co-design, co-production, co-implementation, and co-evaluation, respectfully bridging different forms of knowledge, ensuring mutual recognition and benefits, and nurturing long-term relationships with each other and nature a collaborative global, multi-dimensional ocean literacy survey tool (i.e., Ocean & Society Survey) to measure ocean connection and values, as well as motivators, enablers, barriers to action and behaviour change a global network of ocean communications experts and regional ocean communications communities of practice to support training, accreditation, upskilling, knowledge exchange, and impact measurement a global network of ocean-climate education experts (formal, informal, and non-formal) to support teacher training, certification programmes, and knowledge exchange a Global Blue Schools Network, building off the All-Atlantic and European Blue Schools Networks, to bridge practitioner best practices with research and training a global framework for sharing successful community projects that demonstrate practices and solutions specific to cultural connections, heritage, language, and place-based innovations for ocean-human health.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Human activities ; Ocean health ; Indigenous knowledge ; Marine social sciences ; Ocean literacy ; Societal impact ; Science communication
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report
    Format: 38pp.
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  • 6
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    Ocean Decade Vision 2030 White Papers – Challenge 3: Ocean Contributions to Nourishing the World’s Population. (2024)
    UNESCO-IOC | Paris, France
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-09
    Description: This draft White Paper has been prepared as part of the Vision 2030 process of the United Nations (UN) Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (hereafter, Ocean Decade). The Vision 2030 process aims to identify tangible measures of success for each of the ten Ocean Decade Challenges by 2030. From a starting point of existing initiatives underway in the Ocean Decade and beyond, and through a lens of priority user needs, the process determines critical gaps in science and knowledge, needs for capacity development, priority datasets, infrastructure, and technology for each Challenge. Focusing investments in science and knowledge to address these needs will help ensure progress towards meeting each critical Challenge by the end of the Ocean Decade in 2030. The results of the process will contribute to the scoping of future Decade Actions, identification of resource mobilisation priorities, and ensure relevance of the Challenges over time. This draft White Paper is one of a series of ten White Papers, all of which have been authored by an expert Working Group and discussed at the 2024 Ocean Decade Conference. A synthesis report, authored by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO/IOC), will accompany the White Papers. With a substantial portion of people depending on the ocean as a primary source of nutrition and livelihood, a significant challenge comes into focus: How can we ensure that the ocean's resources continue to effectively nourish an expanding global population? The Ocean Decade responds to this critical concern through its Challenge 3: “Sustainably nourish the global population”.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Food ; Agriculture ; Sustainable economy ; Fisheries ; World population ; Ocean economy ; Nutrition ; Aquatic foods ; Aquaculture ; Sustainable production ; Forward look ; Vision paper
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report
    Format: 33pp.
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  • 7
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    Ocean Decade Vision 2030 White Papers – Challenge 6: Increase Community Resilience to Ocean Hazards. (2024)
    UNESCO-IOC | Paris, France
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-09
    Description: By 2030, successful achievement of Ocean Decade Challenge No. 6 will require demonstrating substantial advancements within the global community towards enhancing their resilience to coastal and ocean hazards. This includes implementing two crucial elements: (1) establishing comprehensive 'people-centered' early warning systems capable of addressing multiple hazards, and (2) devising adaptation strategies that specifically target risks associated with the ocean, including those linked to climate change. These endeavours will play a pivotal role in guiding sustainable practices in ocean planning. Success will also hinge on addressing critical gaps in scientific understanding and knowledge across important components such as risk assessment and risk reduction, in addition to putting in place robust institutional mechanisms for implanting novel solutions that contribute to coastal resilience. Some key elements to be addressed in this context include: (i) gathering and generating observational and modelling datasets relevant to risk assessment, including downscaled climate scenarios for coastal regions, within robust data-sharing frameworks; (ii) promoting interdisciplinary and international research and innovation to tackle challenges comprehensively, with a focus on methodologies like Digital Twin approaches; (iii) improving standards for risk communication at both national and international levels; (iv) fostering partnerships at various scales involving local communities, public and private disaster risk reduction entities, governmental bodies, and academic institutions; (v) building capacity in research and communication to cultivate a shared understanding of coastal resilience strategies; and (vi) enhancing resilient infrastructure and promoting sustainable resource management along coastlines. It is imperative to establish partnerships with existing international UN programs dedicated to disaster risk reduction and coastal resilience. Strengthening connections with UN Decade Actions through Decade Coordination Offices and Decade Collaboration Centers is of utmost importance for effective coordination and collaboration. Based on the above strategic ambition it is also suggested that the formulation of the Ocean Decade Challenge could be modified as follows: Increase community resilience to ocean and coastal risks
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Coastal resilience ; Coastal zone management ; Hazard warning system ; Risk assessement ; Ocean hazards
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report
    Format: 37pp.
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  • 8
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    Ocean Decade Vision 2030 White Papers – Challenge 8: Create a digital representation of the ocean. (2024)
    UNESCO-IOC | Paris, France
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-09
    Description: Ocean Decade Challenge 8 of the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development 2021-2030 (the ‘Ocean Decade’) seeks to create an adaptive and dynamic digital representation of the ocean to make the ocean accessible to a broader community, to enhance decision-making and to support sustainable ocean management. While creating a comprehensive digital representation of the Ocean is the ultimate objective of Decade Challenge 8, the focus in this White Paper is on delivering concrete outcomes and the transformational change needed to create the enabling environment and initial digital content, by 2030, that will allow us to fully deliver on the ambitions of Challenge 8 on the longer term. An Implementation Plan (IP) for the Ocean Decade’s Data and Information Strategy is currently under development by the Data Strategy Implementation Group (DSIG). This IP will outline how data systems participating in the Ocean Decade can co-create a distributed, robust, and collaborative ‘digital ecosystem’ that leverages open, scalable, easily implementable, and responsive technologies and management solutions. An interoperable, distributed data and information sharing system must be both deployed and maintained to allow the realization of Challenge 8, addressing specific challenges such as data interoperability, accessibility, and inclusivity. Additionally, potential issues related to data privacy, cybersecurity, and equitable access to technological infrastructure should be addressed to ensure the comprehensive development of the strategic ambition. In developing the Strategic Ambition for Challenge 8, we consider the data and information needs and priorities identified by the other Decade Challenges and their working groups, as our primary users (and contributors), representing as they do the key sustainability challenges for the Decade, and encompassing all relevant stakeholders. Guided by the Decade’s ambition to ‘leave no one behind’ we recognize that this challenge must deliver outputs that are relevant and useful for the global ocean science community, and in fact by extension the widest possible range of users and stakeholders, including the eight billion people on this planet, who should be able to access and use what is delivered by the Decade in ways adapted to their needs and capacities, if so desired. By 2030, the Strategic Ambition for Ocean Decade Challenge 8 is to have in place the enabling environment for the creation of and access to an increasing number of digital representations and twin applications of the Ocean as well as the underpinning data and information needed to develop them, delivering at minimum 10 societally relevant 0global base-layers accessible via a global online Digital Atlas, complemented by a minimum of 10 local use cases (prioritizing SIDS and LDCs) to address challenges in using and contributing to the Decade’s distributed digital ecosystem and to demonstrate and stress test its relevance, effectiveness and inclusiveness.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Digital Twin of the Ocean ; Data visualisation ; Digital representations ; Digital atlas ; Federated Ocean Data Discovery Service ; Data products ; Ocean forecasting
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Report , Report
    Format: 54pp.
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  • 9
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    Ocean Decade Vision 2030 White Papers – Challenge 7: Sustainably Expand the Global Ocean Observing System. (2024)
    UNESCO-IOC | Paris, France
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-09
    Description: The strategic ambition is to develop an operational, comprehensive, and resourced system that delivers priority observations and information to guide mitigation and adaptation responses to climate change, sustains ocean health within a sustainable blue economy, and facilitates informed decision-making for science, business and society. Such a system is envisioned to be co-designed, fit-for-purpose, multidisciplinary, geographically expanded, responsive, and sustainable in time, delivering ocean observations to all nations and users, prioritising societal needs. Transforming ocean observations into accessible information will require integration across disciplines, across national observing systems, along the value chain, and across stakeholders. Innovative technology approaches and a diversified set of actors and approaches will be required for success. The Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) of IOC UNESCO can provide the implementation framework for Challenge 7 and the UN Ocean Decade provides the opportunity and vehicle for transformation. Five recommendations have been identified to fulfil the strategic ambition of Ocean Decade Challenge 7. Act now on known observational needs. Upgrade and expand ocean observing capacity in poorly-observed areas such as polar regions, island nations and territories, coastal areas of developing nations, coastal systems that are rapidly changing, and the under-observed deep ocean. Thematic priorities for ocean observing by 2030 should focus on key climate risk and adaptation needs, extreme events, coastal services for ocean management, ocean carbon, marine pollution, biogeochemistry, and biodiversity. Adopt new economic thinking. Establish new and sustained financing mechanisms for global ocean observing, including resourcing for Small Island Developing States (SIDS) and Least Developed Countries (LDCs). Use economic models for ocean investment to diversify and accelerate investment in ocean observing and infrastructure from new actors. Partnerships are key. Increase national, regional and global coordination, focusing on co-design and partnerships. Improved coordination that uses the GOOS framework to ensure standards, best practices for a sustainably expanded GOOS. Diversify partnerships across sectors (economic, public, private, and philanthropic) and embrace the abilities and needs of the different stakeholders to co-design, co-develop, and co-deliver observations that translate into the information required by these sectors. Technology and innovation will be a pillar. Integrate and harmonise observations across observing platforms (in situ, satellite, emerging networks). Develop innovative in situ, autonomous and cost-effective technologies to maximise reach, ensuring standardisation and best practices. Technology barriers still need to be lowered to ensure everyone has equitable access to observing technology and has the ability to use these assets. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) tools will provide user-ready information from integrated observations to democratise information for users. Expanded, capable, and diversified workforce. Expand and diversify the workforce of skilled and trained ocean professionals. Training and capacity development will be critical across the observing ‘ecosystem’ outlined in the Framework for Ocean Observing (FOO), from data collection to data analysis and modelling, and for data use and application.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Ocean observation ; GOOS ; Global Ocean Observing System ; Ocean observing
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report
    Format: 22pp.
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  • 10
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    Ocean Decade Vision 2030 White Papers – Challenge 2: Protect and Restore Ecosystems and Biodiversity. (2024)
    UNESCO-IOC | Paris, France
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-09
    Description: This draft White Paper has been prepared as part of the Vision 2030 process being undertaken in the framework of the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. The Vision 2030 process aims to achieve a common and tangible measure of success for each of the ten Ocean Decade Challenges by 2030. From a starting point of existing initiatives underway in the Ocean Decade and beyond, and through a lens of priority user needs, the process determines priority datasets, critical gaps in science and knowledge, and needs in capacity development, infrastructure and technology required for each Challenge to ensure that it can be fulfilled by the end of the Ocean Decade in 2030. The results of the process will contribute to the scoping of future Decade Actions, identification of resource mobilization priorities, and ensuring the ongoing relevance of the Challenges over time. The process identifies achievable recommendations that can be implemented in the context of the Decade, or more broadly before 2030 to achieve the identified strategic ambition and indicators that will be used to measure progress. This draft White Paper is one of a series of ten White Papers all of which have been authored by an expert Working Group. Accompanied by a synthesis report authored by the Decade Coordination Unit, this white paper was discussed at the 2024 Ocean Decade Conference (Barcelona. Spain). Input received from diverse groups through public consultation and at the Conference was reviewed and incorporated as relevant.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Forward look ; Vision paper ; Marine biodiversity ; Ecosystem restoration ; Marine ecosystems ; Climate change effects
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report
    Format: 28pp.
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  • 11
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    Impatiens marroninus, a new species of Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) from Sumatra, Indonesia (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 1, pp. 10-11
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-09
    Description: Impatiens marroninus Utami (Balsaminaceae), collected from Sumatra, Indonesia, is described and illustrated as a new species. The species belongs to subg. Impatiens sect. Kathetophyllon. It is characterized by opposite or whorled leaves, yellow flowers with red maroon stripes in the upper part of the two lateral petals, dark green leaves and the lower sepal deeply navicular and constricted into a short curved spur. This combination of morphological characters was previously unknown. Detailed description, illustration, phenology, IUCN conservation assessment and ecology of the species are provided.
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Balsaminaceae ; endemic ; Impatiens ; Indonesia ; new species ; taxonomy
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 12
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    A new and unusual species of Dichaea (Orchidaceae: Zygopetalinae) from Costa Rica (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 1, pp. 61-64
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-09
    Description: A new and florally unusual species of the genus Dichaea is described and illustrated from Costa Rica, where it is apparently endemic, and its relationships are discussed. Dichaea auriculata is compared with the group of species close to D. graminoides, from which it can be distinguished by the lip with a long isthmus, provided with two rounded auricles at the base, instead of the sessile lip typical of the group. It is also compared with another Costa Rican endemic in the same complex, D. gracillima, from which it can be distinguished by the autogamous, mostly cleistogamous, flowers, the 3-lobed lip with rounded basal lobes, the high keel along the lip isthmus, and the bifid ligule of the column. Notes on the habitat and the ecology of the new species are provided.
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; autogamy ; Dichaeopsis ; Flora of Costa Rica ; new species ; plant diversity ; section Pseudodichaea
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 13
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    COI metabarcoding of large benthic Foraminifera: Method validation for application in ecological studies (2022)
    Wiley
    In:  Ecology and Evolution vol. 12 no. e9549 | H2020 European Institute of Innovation and Technology, Grant/Award Number: 813360; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Grant/ Award Number: 16.161.301
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-09
    Description: Monitoring community composition of Foraminifera (single-celled marine protists) pro-vides valuable insights into environmental conditions in marine ecosystems. Despitethe efficiency of environmental DNA (eDNA) and bulk-sample DNA (bulk-DNA) me-tabarcoding to assess the presence of multiple taxa, this has not been straightforwardfor Foraminifera partially due to the high genetic variability in widely used ribosomalmarkers. Here, we test the correctness in retrieving foraminiferal communities by me-tabarcoding of mock communities, bulk-DNA from coral reef sediment samples, andeDNA from their associated ethanol preservative using the recently sequenced cy-tochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) marker. To assess the detection success, we com-pared our results with large benthic foraminiferal communities previously reportedfrom the same sampling sites. Results from our mock communities demonstrate thatall species were detected in two mock communities and all but one in the remainingfour. Technical replicates were highly similar in number of reads for each assigned ASVin both the mock communities and bulk-DNA samples. Bulk-DNA showed a signifi-cantly higher species richness than their associated eDNA samples, and also detectedadditional species to what was already reported at the specific sites. Our study con-firms that metabarcoding using the foraminiferal COI marker adequately retrieves thediversity and community composition of both the mock communities and the bulk-DNA samples. With its decreased variability compared with the commonly used nu-clear 18 S rRNA, the COI marker renders bulk-DNA metabarcoding a powerful tool toassess foraminiferal community composition under the condition that the referencedatabase is adequate to the target taxa.
    Keywords: bulk-sample ; DNA ; community composition ; coral reef ; environmental DNA ; foraminifera ; metabarcoding
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 14
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    A taxonomic revision of the sponge-associated genus Thoracactis Gravier, 1918 (Anthozoa: Zoantharia) based on an integrated approach (2024)
    In:  Contributions to Zoology vol. 93, pp. 229-251
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-08
    Description: The integrated approach of molecular phylogenetic and morphological analyses has revolutionized the systematics and our understanding of the evolutionary relationships of marine taxa. One such group is the hexacorallian order Zoantharia Rafinesque, 1815. The monotypic genus Thoracactis Gravier, 1918 has been little investigated since its placement within the order Zoantharia more than 100 years ago. Here, we examined museum specimens collected from the Cape Verde Islands (eastern Atlantic) and newly collected specimens from Brazil (southwestern Atlantic), using a combined molecular and morphological approach. Our results conclusively show Thoracactis to be referable to the family Parazoanthidae. Morphological data show that Thoracactis topsenti Gravier, 1918, the type species of this monotypic genus, has a cyclically transitional arrangement of its sphincter muscle, and this arrangement has previously been reported from the Parazoanthidae. Thoracactis can be distinguished from other hexasterophoran glass-sponge-associated genera (Churabana Kise, Montenegro & Reimer, 2022, Parachurabana Kise, 2023, and Vitrumanthus Kise, Montenegro & Reimer, 2022) by a combination of morphological, ecological and molecular phylogenetic data. In addition, molecular phylogenetic analyses clearly indicate that Thoracactis topsenti is placed within Parazoanthidae. These results are yet another demonstration of the utility of comprehensive combined approaches. From now, research attention should focus on the revision of remaining taxonomic questions within the family Epizoanthidae, with the goal of a comprehensively revised suborder Macrocnemina within reach.
    Keywords: glass sponge ‒ molecular phylogenetics ‒ sphincter muscle ‒ topotypes ‒ zoantharian
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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    Macroevolutionary Dynamics in Micro-organisms: Generalists Give Rise to Specialists Across Biomes in the Ubiquitous Bacterial Phylum Myxococcota (2024)
    In:  Molecular Biology and Evolution vol. 41 no. 5
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-08
    Keywords: macroevolution ; microbes ; prokaryotes ; habitat transitions ; specialization ; diversification ; myxobacteria ; comparative phylogenetics
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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    Decomposition of physical processes controlling EASM precipitation changes during the mid-Piacenzian: new insights into data–model integration (2024)
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    In:  EPIC3npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 7(1), ISSN: 2397-3722
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-08
    Description: The mid-Piacenzian warm period (MPWP, ~3.264–3.025 Ma) has gained widespread interest due to its partial analogy with future climate. However, quantitative data–model comparison of East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) precipitation during the MPWP is relatively rare, especially due to problems in decoding the imprint of physical processes to climate signals in the records. In this study, pollen-based precipitation records are reconstructed and compared to the multi-model ensemble mean of the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project Phase 2 (PlioMIP2). We find spatially consistent precipitation increase in most simulations but a spatially divergent change in MPWP records. We reconcile proxy data and simulation by decomposing physical processes that control precipitation. Our results 1) reveal thermodynamic control of an overall enhancement of EASM precipitation and 2) highlight a distinct control of thermodynamic and dynamical processes on increases of tropical and subtropical EASM precipitation, reflecting the two pathways of water vapor supply that enhance EASM precipitation, respectively.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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    Analyse und (Weiter-)Entwicklung von Umsetzungsmechanismen und Politikansätzen zur Stärkung und Aufwertung des Deutschen Ressourceneffizienzprogramms ProgRess : Abschlussbericht (2024)
    Dessau-Roßlau : Umweltbundesamt
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-07
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: report , doc-type:report
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    Ressourcenkompetenz für Rohstoffnutzung in globalen Wertschöpfungsketten : eine exemplarische Analyse am Beispiel von Studiengängen im Bereich Design und Ingenieurwissenschaft ; Abschlussbericht (2024)
    Dessau-Roßlau : Umweltbundesamt
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-07
    Keywords: ddc:370
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: report , doc-type:report
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    Through the desert towards fresh water : or just a fata morgana? (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-07
    Description: The twenty-eighth Conference of the Parties (COP28) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in Dubai among many other items concluded the first Global Stocktake (GST) under the Paris Agreement. This article discusses the conference's outcomes in the areas of mitigation, loss and damage, adaptation, climate finance, and cooperation under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement. The conference arguably made history by for the first time ever recognising the need to "transition away" from fossil fuels, adopting specific targets for the scale-up of renewable energy and energy efficiency, and by operationalising a fund to support developing countries in dealing with loss and damage caused by climate change. However, the legal language in the call for an energy transition is relatively non-committal and the conference failed to underpin the new global objectives with adequate resources. Actual implementation of the Dubai outcomes will therefore to a large extent depend on whether COP29 in Baku, Azerbaijan - already billed as "finance COP" - will be able to cut the Gordian knot of finance.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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    Klimaschutz als Kapitalanlage und Bildungsauftrag : Chancen für Investition und Bildung in Schulen (2024)
    Kissing : WEKA Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-07
    Description: Aufgrund struktureller Haushaltsprobleme ist in vielen Gebietskörperschaften in den letzten Jahrzehnten im Bereich ihrer Liegenschaften ein immer größer werdender Sanierungsstau entstanden. Das heißt, notwendige Instandsetzungsinvestitionen, Modernisierungen und/oder energetische Sanierungen sind vielerorts unterblieben. Dieses Fachbuch zeigt innovative Lösungen auf.
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: book , doc-type:book
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    Towards a climate-neutral basic materials industry in North Rhine-Westphalia (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-07
    Description: North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) is the industrial center of Germany and one of the most important industrial locations in Europe. It is a key location for the energy-intensive basic materials industry like the production of steel and non-ferrous metals, (petro)chemicals, cement and lime, bricks, glass and ceramics, and paper. Around 20 % of NRW's total greenhouse emissions derive from industrial processes. By 2045, industry must achieve climate-neutrality, which requires a massive transformation effort. Technologically, this needs large-scale utilization of green hydrogen, carbon management, consequent circular economy, and climate-neutral production of process heat. Furthermore, various adjustments to the policy framework are essential.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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    EcoHub: Datenbasierte Nachhaltigkeitsoptimierung : Potenziale der Digitalisierung für das Nachhaltigkeitsmanagement (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-07
    Description: Digitalisierung und Nachhaltigkeit sind Megatrends der Gegenwart und der Zukunft. Die Digitalisierung bietet das Potenzial, das Nachhaltigkeitsmanagement von Unternehmen zu unterstützen. Die Nachhaltigkeitsplattform "EcoHub" erlaubt es, Unternehmensdaten mit Bezug zur Nachhaltigkeit an einer zentralen Stelle unter Berücksichtigung von Aspekten der Datensicherheit und Zugriffsberechtigung zu sammeln und als zentrale Datensenke der weiteren Analyse und für die Rückkopplung im Unternehmen zur Verfügung zu stellen.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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    Towards clean cooking energy for all in Nigeria : pathways and impacts (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-07
    Description: Over 175 million Nigerians rely on the use of traditional biomass for cooking, and it is estimated that more than 128,000 people died in Nigeria in 2019 from household air pollution related to these fuels. There is currently a gap in the study of possible pathways to meet Nigeria's goals in clean cooking and in understanding the health and climate impacts that different pathways can bring about. We explore clean cooking access scenarios for Nigeria until 2060 under a business-as-usual scenario, a moderate climate mitigation scenario, and an ambitious transformative scenario. We carry out a disaggregation at the state level for the period up to 2030 to better guide shorter-term policy development. Our analysis shows that under an ambitious scenario where 85 million households achieve access to clean cooking by 2060, annual premature deaths due to exposure to household air pollution would decrease by 7 % compared to 2018 levels. A baseline scenario, on the other hand, sees a dramatic 77 % increase, resulting in 209,000 people dying prematurely, of which 94,000 children under 5. Furthermore, we find that woodfuel removals from forestland would lead to a tripling of carbon dioxide emissions from land use change, reaching 602 Mt CO2 by 2060. Our findings stress the vital importance of a clean cooking transition in Nigeria and underline the urgent need for immediate acceleration in national efforts regarding access to clean cooking for all.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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    COT - Circle of Tools : Entwicklung und Erprobung geschlossener CE-Konzepte für die metallverarbeitende Werkzeug- und Schneidwarenindustrie (2024)
    Remscheid : TKM GmbH
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-07
    Description: Das zentrale Anliegen des Projektes besteht darin, regionale Stoffkreisläufe in der metallverarbeitenden Industrie zu schließen - mit einem Schwerpunkt auf (Hand-) Werkzeuge und Schneidwaren - sowie dies durch den Einsatz digitaler Technologien zu organisieren und zu optimieren. Das Ziel ist, Ressourcen- und Energieverbräuche zu reduzieren sowie ökonomische Vorteile für die Unternehmen zu realisieren. Im Detail soll es darum gehen, verschlissene metallische Produkte am End-of-Life nicht einer Verwertung durch Umschmelzen zuzuführen, sondern durch Remanufacturing und Repurposing die Nutzungsdauer der mit hohem Energie- und Ressourcenaufwand erzeugten Metalle zu verlängern. Diese Ansätze sollen unternehmensübergreifend aufgestellt werden und erfordern eine digital unterstützte Logistikkette sowie eine vollständige Rückverfolgbarkeit. Eine Rückführung verschlissener Maschinenmesser lohnt sich nach derzeitigem Kenntnisstand nicht, wenn dieses Material nur den Schrottpreis aufweist. Im Projekt "Circle of Tools" soll daher ein neues Geschäftsmodell entwickelt werden, das darauf basiert, sortenreine, qualitativ hochwertige Materialien entweder im primären Herstellungsprozess zu nutzen oder zur Weiterverarbeitung in andere Herstellungsprozesse unternehmensübergreifend zu integrieren. Neben den rein technischen Möglichkeiten werden betriebswirtschaftliche Faktoren, das Ressourceneffizienzpotenzial und der rechtliche Rahmen untersucht. Die in der europäischen Abfallrahmenrichtlinie und dem deutschen Kreislaufwirtschaftsgesetz verankerte Abfallhierarchie geht von der grundsätzlichen ökologischen Vorteilhaftigkeit der unterschiedlichen Stufen aus. Während das stoffliche Recycling von Produkten in der Regel vorteilhafter ist als ihre thermische Verwertung oder Deponierung, sind Reuse/Kaskadennutzung demnach ökologisch vorteilhafter als sämtliche Recyclingtechnologien. Die Datenlage ist hier jedoch im Vergleich zu vielen Recyclingtechnologien noch äußerst lückenhaft und unsystematisch. Einzelne Untersuchungen weisen jedoch auf signifikante Ressourceneffizienzpotenziale hin. Abschätzungen zeigen, dass die in diesem Vorhaben angedachte Reuse-/Kaskadennutzung zu einer Einsparung von 300 Tonnen Primär-Werkzeugstahl führen könnte. Das Vorhaben kann diese signifikanten Potenziale nachweisen und gleichzeitig geeignete und übertragbare Geschäftsmodelle aufzeigen. Auf Grundlage der empirischen Erhebungen werden im Projekt genaue Wirkungen berechnet für folgende Fragen: (1) Welche Mengen an Rohstoffe können durch Remanufacturing/Repurposing eingespart werden? (2) Welche ökonomische Wertschöpfung ist damit zu erzielen? (3) Wie ist ein Remanufacturing/Repurposing im Vergleich zu anderen Verwertungsverfahren ökologisch und ökonomisch einzuschätzen?
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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    Logic model for environmental, social, and governance (ESG) impact pathways and assessments (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-07
    Description: The goal of this dissertation is to facilitate the assessment of impacts from sustainable measures and projects with an emphasis on impact reporting for Green, Social or Sustainability Bonds in the Sustainable Finance market. It does so by providing analysts with the means to develop, depict, formulate, and assess a causal hypothesis between an intervention and its subsequent effects in an impact-chain, represented by desired environmental (E), social (S) or governance (G) changes. This is achieved by developing a methodology for so-called ESG Logic Models or ESG-LM, that combine heuristic Theories-of-Change with propositional logic and Bayesian Reasoning. Three research questions are investigated and responded to. Research Question 1 asks how such Theories-of-Change can be developed for any type of ESG-related issue and how the different process steps in a causal chain can be classified, hierarchised, and prioritised regarding their efficacy towards overarching sustainability goals and their plausibility. Research Question 2 studies (a) the means by which the analyst or any other interested third party might be warranted in believing the causal claims from an ESG-LM, and (b) how an ESG-LM can be improved if this credence is low. Research Question 3 then looks at the reporting of impacts themselves regarding indicator selection, indicator assessment and indicator quantification as well as the provision of information on the contributions and attributions by different actors. The dissertation draws on a variety of theories and adapts existing methods to achieve that. It operationalises concepts from empirical Sustainable Finance research and already existing impact assessment methodologies. It adapts scholarly and practitioner approaches for theory-based evaluation and applies a qualitative social science perspective towards theory-building and evaluation, while some of the assessment tools in the dissertation are grounded in Logic, Set Theory and Bayesian Epistemology. Examples for such tools include rules for the Attribution by actors, heuristics for the abduction of plausible outcome pathways, or a four-stage Argument and Decision-Tree to assess the credibility of ESG-LM claims (based on Bayes Theorem). My assessment of the entire methodology is positive overall, as it provides solutions to each of the three research areas. Limitations of the approach, and thus opportunities for further research, are the additional expertise and time required by analysts compared to the existing, and somewhat more pragmatic, solutions in the current market. However, this is outweighed in my opinion by the ability of the framework to strongly mitigate impact washing by actors in the financial markets as well as biases by analysts. Its overall methodology also provides opportunities for new research angles in the area of sustainability indicators and assessments.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: doctoralthesis , doc-type:doctoralThesis
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    Improving the Accuracy of Digital Terrain Models Using Drone-Based LiDAR for the Morpho-Structural Analysis of Active Calderas: The Case of Ischia Island, Italy (2024)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-07
    Description: Over the past two decades, the airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) system has become a useful tool for acquiring high-resolution topographic data, especially in active tectonics studies. Analyzing Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) from LiDAR exposes morpho-structural elements, aiding in the understanding of fault zones, among other applications. Despite its effectiveness, challenges persist in regions with rapid deformation, dense vegetation, and human impact. We propose an adapted workflow transitioning from the conventional airborne LiDAR system to the usage of drone-based LiDAR technology for higher-resolution data acquisition. Additionally, drones offer a more cost-effective solution, both in an initial investment and ongoing operational expenses. Our goal is to demonstrate how drone-based LiDAR enhances the identification of active deformation features, particularly for earthquake-induced surface faulting. To evaluate the potential of our technique, we conducted a drone-based LiDAR survey in the Casamicciola Terme area, north of Ischia Island, Italy, known for the occurrence of destructive shallow earthquakes, including the 2017 Md = 4 event. We assessed the quality of our acquired DTM by comparing it with existing elevation datasets for the same area. We discuss the advantages and limitations of each DTM product in relation to our results, particularly when applied to fault mapping. By analyzing derivative DTM products, we identified the fault scarps within the Casamicciola Holocene Graben (CHG) and mapped its structural geometry in detail. The analysis of both linear and areal geomorphic features allowed us to identify the primary factors influencing the current morphological arrangement of the CHG area. Our detailed map depicts a nested graben formed by two main structures (the Maio and Sentinella faults) and minor internal faults (the Purgatorio and Nizzola faults). High-resolution DEMs acquired by drone-based LiDAR facilitated detailed studies of the geomorphology and fault activity. A similar approach can be applied in regions where the evidence of high slip-rate faults is difficult to identify due to vegetation cover and inaccessibility.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1899
    Description: OST3 Vicino alla faglia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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    Some Considerations on the Seismic Event of 23 November 1980 (Southern Italy) (2024)
    Scientific Publishing Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-07
    Description: More than forty years after the 23 November 1980 earthquake, which devastated the Campania and Basilicata regions, causing the destruction of a large number of towns and the death of around three thousand people, we have tried, through a large survey, to understand how and to what extent the urban fabric and the most affected communities have been rebuilt. Our main objective was to show, on one side, the commitment of the scientific community, and on the other the transitions that have led from the emergency to reconstruction. Of the Apenninic towns Conza della Campania, Laviano, Lioni, Santomenna, and others, where the devastation was almost total, we have tried to give an iconographic vision of the post-earthquake phase through the change in the urban layout. The partial or total reconstruction of the towns has taken place most of the time in situ, only in some cases by relocating buildings to neighboring areas, as happened in Conza della Campania, Bisaccia and Romagnano al Monte. Reconstruction was carried out mainly of anti-seismic buildings and only in some cases recovering preexisting buildings in historic centres; reconstruction was completed after a very long period, in some cases lasting over thirty years, inevitably passing through a dramatic experience of the population in temporary settlements of various kinds, from tents, caravans, railway carriages, to containers, and finally to thermo-igloos and to prefabricated wooden chalet-type. A very complex and detailed reconstruction was linked to factors not only territorial, economic and political but also conditioned unfortunately by the non-negligible intervention of organized crime.
    Description: Published
    Description: 103-130
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca and stable isotopes from the planktonic foraminifera T. sacculifer: testing a multi-proxy approach for inferring paleotemperature and paleosalinity (2021)
    COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
    In:  EPIC3Biogeosciences, COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH, 18, pp. 423-439, ISSN: 1726-4170
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-06
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    A new species of Freycinetia (Pandanaceae; Freycinetoideae) from Luzon Island, the Philippines (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 2, pp. 102-103
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-06
    Description: A new species of Freycinetia (Pandanaceae; Freycinetoideae) from Llavac, Quezon Province in Luzon Island, the Philippines, is proposed here, namely Freycinetia nonatoi. Freycinetia nonatoi is characterized by a lobed auricle of the sheath with conspicuous spines on the margins and bright yellow bracts. These three morphological features distinguish it from the nearest species, F. sumatrana. The discovery of F. nonatoi also marks the first record of a member of the section Auriculifoliae with spiny margins.
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Auriculifoliae ; Freycinetia ; Luzon ; Pandanaceae ; Philippines ; Quezon
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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    Timonius eremiticus (Rubiaceae), a new species from the Philippines (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 2, pp. 104-106
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-06
    Description: Timonius eremiticus, a new species from Mount Pulgar, Palawan Island, the Philippines, is here described and illustrated. It is morphologically close to T. flavescens but is characterized by membranous to chartaceous leaves with 2–4 pairs of lateral nerves, ivory-white corolla, bracteate staminate inflorescences bearing bracteolate flowers, 5-petaled pistillate flowers, (sub)globose fruits that are round and not 4-angled, and pyrenes being obliquely radiated in cross-section of fruits. Timonius eremiticus is assessed as Critically Endangered following IUCN criteria. Buod (Wikang Filipino)   Inilarawan at iginuhit sa lathalaing ito ang Timonius eremiticus na isang bagong espesye ng halaman na matatagapuan sa Bundok Pulgar sa pulo ng Palawan sa Pilipinas. Ito ay kawangis ng T. flavescens subalit natatangi dahil sa mga malalamad o malapapel nitong mga dahon na may dalawa o hanggang apat na pares ng nerbiyong lateral, kulay garing na mga talulot, brakteadong istaminate na mga inflorescence at bulaklak, mga pistiladong bulaklak na may limang talulot, (mala)bilugang mga bunga na hindi nakalundo sa apat, at mga pyrene na oblikong naka-radiate sa pahalang na hati ng mga bunga. Ang Timonius eremiticus ay itinataya rin na lubos nang nanganganib na maubos alinsunod sa mga pamantayan ng IUCN.
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; endemic ; Guettardeae ; Mount Pulgar ; Palawan ; Rubiaceae ; Timonius
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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    Peliosanthes macrophylla var. assamensis (Asparagaceae), a new variety from Behali Reserve Forest in Assam, Northeast India (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 2, pp. 121-125
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-06
    Description: Peliosanthes macrophylla var. assamensis, a new variety from Behali Reserve Forest in Assam, Northeast India, is described with accompanying photos and relevant taxonomic data. It differs from var. macrophylla from Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim, Northeast India, mainly by the staminal corona internally protruding near the middle (vs internally upright corona without a particular inward protrusion), shorter anthers somewhat divergent distally (vs nearly upright anthers), and longer, papillulate pistils exceeding the anthers (vs glabrous pistils not exceeding the anthers).
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Asparagaceae ; Eastern Himalayas ; floral structure ; new variety ; Peliosanthes macrophylla ; taxonomy
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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    Senecio beltranii (Asteraceae, Senecioneae): a new caespitose species endemic to South Peru (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 2, pp. 162-166
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-06
    Description: Senecio beltranii, a new species of Asteraceae (Senecioneae) belonging to S. ser. Suffruticosi subser. Caespitosi, is described from the highland mountains of southern Peru. Morphologically, S. beltranii is similar to S. algens, but can easily be distinguished by its subshrub matt-forming habit, the presence of scattered papillose trichomes on stems and leaves, its pinnatilobate leaf shape, larger involucre and pedicel length, calycular bracts nearly glabrous, larger phyllary length and by the larger number of phyllaries. The major differences between the species are outlined in a morphological comparison table and discussed. The IUCN status is defined as Vulnerable (VU).
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Asteraceae ; Senecio subser. Caespitosi ; South America ; taxonomy
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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    The Pleuranthodium (Zingiberaceae) of Mount Wilhelm, Papua New Guinea (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 2, pp. 95-101
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-06
    Description: Three species of Pleuranthodium were encountered and collected during a survey of gingers at Mount Wilhelm, Chimbu Province, Papua New Guinea. Based on new material, the only previously known Pleuranthodium from this area, P. piundaundense, is described in more detail highlighting new diagnostic characters and its known distribution range is expanded based on identification of older specimens at Edinburgh from two other provinces. Two species so far only known from Mount Wilhelm could not be identified after studying all protologues, types and material from several herbaria. These are here described as new species, P. corniculatum and P. sagittatum. A key with both floral and vegetative characters is provided to all three species. Pleuranthodium corniculatum is distinct in having apical appendages on the calyx, and P. sagittatum has a wrinkled calyx. All species are described and illustrated, and conservation assessments are made.
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Chimbu ; Eastern Highlands ; Pleuranthodium corniculatum ; Pleuranthodium piundaundense ; Pleuranthodium sagittatum ; taxonomy ; Zingiberaceae
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  • 34
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    New species of Amorphophallus (Araceae) in the Philippines and an updated key (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 1, pp. 1-9
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-06
    Description: The number of named Philippine species of the genus Amorphophallus (Araceae-Thomsonieae) amounts to 13 today. Three existing species names (not included in this count) cannot be attributed to presently recognized species for lack of their holotypes, which were all destroyed in WWII. Five new species are described here and an identification key to all species recognized from the Philippines is presented.
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Amorphophallus ; Araceae ; identification key ; new species ; Philippines ; taxonomy
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  • 35
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    New species and a new record of Pterichis sect. Pterichis (Orchidaceae) from Bolivia (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 3, pp. 212-218
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-06
    Description: Pterichis comprises about 40 species distributed from Costa Rica in the north to Bolivia in the south. The species grow as terrestrial plants usually in paramo and subparamo, but there are also reports of populations in high montane forest. In this paper the complete enumeration of the six Bolivian representatives of the orchid genus Pterichis sect. Pterichis is presented.A total of four new species are described and one new record, P. aragogiana, for the country is reported. An updated key to the species of the nominal section of Pterichis from Bolivia is presented.
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Andes ; biodiversity ; Neotropics ; new record for Bolivia ; Pterichis aragogiana ; Pterichis fuentesii ; Pterichis lunatilabia ; Pterichis obcordatilabia ; Pterichis vasquezii
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  • 36
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    Asplenium alleniae (Aspleniaceae), a new fern species from Borneo and New Guinea (2021)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 3, pp. 219-223
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-06
    Description: A new species, Asplenium alleniae, is described from high elevation habitats in Sabah (Malaysia) and Papua New Guinea. Previous phylogenetic analyses of chloroplast loci determined that A. alleniae was most closely related to A. pauperequitum from New Zealand. Asplenium alleniae differs from A. pauperequitum most obviously by the acuminate apices of its longer pinnae. The combination of pinnate fronds with few pairs of primary pinnae and dark red-brown axes distinguishes A. alleniae from superficially similar species of Asplenium in Malesia. Asplenium alleniae is provisionally assessed as Endangered.
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; conservation ; Malaysia ; Malesia ; Mount Kinabalu ; Papua New Guinea ; Sabah ; taxonomy
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  • 37
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    A systematic revision of the vulnerable mangrove genus Pelliciera (Tetrameristaceae) in equatorial America (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 2, pp. 107-120
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-06
    Description: Pelliciera is a genus of mangrove trees with distinct showy flowers with five petals subtended by two large foliaceous bracts. The genus, thought to be monotypic, only containing P. rhizophorae, was classified recently in the small diverse family, the Tetrameristaceae. This distinctive genus occurs in a relatively restricted distribution in Central and northern South America in the Atlantic-East Pacific region. In this recent decade, two varietal forms have been reported across its range, of which one appears to be a colour morph referred to much earlier as P. rhizophorae var. benthamii. The taxonomic status of the earlier morph was, however, insufficient to warrant individual recognition at the time, so the genus remained monotypic with no varietal forms. The aim of this treatment has been to review the systematic history of the genus, to thoroughly re-assess available observations and to re-evaluate the current taxonomic status. In conclusion, the genus is recognised now as having two closely related species, described here as P. benthamii along with a redefined P. rhizophorae. Characters such as leafy bract colour, leaf dentition and petal shape used in their discrimination are provided, along with notes on the ecology, phenology, a diagnostic key, and a revised distribution map that displays the oddly overlapping occurrences.
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Atlantic-East Pacific ; Central America ; conservation ; mangrove ; morphometrics ; nectar ; Pelliciera benthamii ; Pelliciera rhizophorae ; phenology ; pollen ; South America ; Tetrameristaceae
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  • 38
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    A new subspecies and new records of Trichosanthes (Cucurbitaceae) for India, and notes on T. khasiana (2021)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 3, pp. 233-243
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-06
    Description: In India, knowledge of the geographic distribution of Trichosanthes species is inadequate, largely due to the lack of revisionary work. Based on field observations, collected specimens and data from herbarium specimens, this paper describes a new taxon – T. dunniana subsp. clarkei from Sikkim and northern hill districts of West Bengal in northeastern India; and presents the first confirmed records of three southeast Asian taxa, viz., T. dunniana subsp. dunniana and T. wallichiana subsp. subrosea from northeastern India, and T. tricuspidata from the Andaman & Nicobar Islands. The name T. khasiana has been lectotypified, and Indochinese T. inthanonensis has been reduced under it. The southern Chinese Trichosanthes subrosea is transferred at reduced rank as T. wallichiana subsp. subrosea, while T. tridentata has been reduced to synonymy of this subspecies. Furthermore, we provide an updated distribution map with confirmed occurrences of these taxa in India, critical taxonomic notes and additional taxonomic characters.
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; distribution ranges ; India ; Trichosanthes dunniana ; subsp. clarkei ; Trichosanthes khasiana ; Trichosanthes tricuspidata ; Trichosanthes wallichiana ; subsp. subrosea
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  • 39
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    In memoriam Willem F. Prud'homme van Reine (3 April 1941 – 21 March 2020) (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 2, pp. i-ix
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-06
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics
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  • 40
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    Taxonomic revision of Dehaasia (Lauraceae) in Sumatra (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 2, pp. 167-175
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-06
    Description: A revision of Dehaasia (Lauraceae) in Sumatra is presented. Eight species are recognized, including two newly described species (D. bandaharense and D. pilosa). Akey to the eight species, descriptions and distribution maps of each species and illustrations of newly described species are provided. A neotype for D. incrassata is designated.
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Dehaasia ; Lauraceae ; revision ; Sumatra ; taxonomy
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  • 41
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    Four new Curcuma species (Zingiberaceae) from Thailand (2021)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 3, pp. 244-253
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-06
    Description: Four new Curcuma species (Zingiberaceae) from Thailand are described here. Curcuma fimbriata, C. micrantha and C. spathulata belong to C. subg. Hitcheniopsis, while C. globulifera belongs to the nominal C. subg. Curcuma. Each species is compared to the morphologically closest species and detailed descriptions, colour plates and information on their distribution, ecology, phenology and uses are provided. A preliminary IUCN conservation assessment of each of these species is proposed.
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Curcuma globulifera ; Curcuma fimbriata ; Curcuma micrantha ; Curcuma parviflora ; Curcuma spathulata ; Curcuma subg. Hitcheniopsis
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  • 42
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    Key to the families and genera of Malesian Euphorbiaceae in the wide sense (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 1, pp. 53-60
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-06
    Description: Identification keys are provided to the different families in which the Euphorbiaceae are split after APG IV. Presently, Euphorbiaceae in the strict sense, Pandaceae, Peraceae, Phyllanthaceae, Picrodendraceae and Putranjivaceae are distinguished as distinct families. Within the families, keys to the different genera occurring in the Malesian area, native and introduced, are presented. The keys are to be tested and responses are very welcome.
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Euphorbiaceae ; keys ; Pandaceae ; Peraceae ; Phyllanthaceae ; Picrodendraceae ; Putranjivaceae
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  • 43
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    Maesa brevipedicellata (Primulaceae), a new species from Papua New Guinea (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 1, pp. 83-85
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-06
    Description: Maesa brevipedicellata, a new species of Maesa (Primulaceae-Maesoideae) from Papua New Guinea, is described and illustrated based on herbarium specimen observations. The collections of this species resemble M. rufovillosa and were previously determined as that species. Maesa brevipedicellata is unique with its selfsupporting habit, hispid hairs throughout and paniculate inflorescences with very short pedicels. This new species mainly differs from M. rufovillosa by the habit (tree/shrub in M. brevipedicellata vs climber in M. rufovillosa) and the inflorescence structure (panicles in M. brevipedicellata vs simple racemes in M. rufovillosa).
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Ericales ; Maesa ; Malesia ; Myrsinaceae ; new species ; Papuasia ; taxonomy
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  • 44
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    Distribution of cystoliths in the leaves of Acanthaceae and its effect on leaf surface anatomy (2021)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 3, pp. 224-232
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-06
    Description: Cystoliths are large outgrowths of cell wall material and calcium carbonate with a silicon-containing stalk found in the leaves, stems and roots of only a handful of plant families. Each cystolith is contained within a cell called a lithocyst. In leaves, lithocysts may be found in the mesophyll or the epidermis. Astudy by Koch et al. (2009) reported unique, indented features on the surface of superamphiphilic Ruellia devosiana (Acanthaceae) leaves which the authors named ‘channel cells’. We report herein that such ‘channel cells’ in the Acanthaceae are actually lithocysts containing fully formed cystoliths in which only a portion of the lithocyst is exposed at the epidermis, forming a leaf epidermal impression. Intact leaves and isolated cystoliths from 28 Acanthaceae species (five in the non-cystolith clade and 23 in the cystolith clade) were examined using light and scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis. All 23 members of the cystolith clade examined contained cystoliths within lithocysts, but not all showed leaf epidermal impressions. In four species, the lithocysts were in the leaf mesophyll, did not contact the leaf surface, and did not participate in leaf epidermal impression formation. The remaining 19 species had lithocysts in the epidermis and possessed leaf epidermal impressions of differing sizes, depths and morphologies
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics
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  • 45
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    Orchidantha anthracina (Lowiaceae), a new species from Vietnam (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 1, pp. 90-93
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-06
    Description: Orchidantha anthracina (Lowiaceae), discovered at the south central coast of Vietnam, is described and illustrated, bringing the total number of species in the family to 26, of which four occur in Vietnam. The notes on distribution, habitat and etymology are given and a preliminary conservation assessment is provided. The species is compared with O. vietnamica, with which it shares flowers of similar size and colours, but from which it is readily distinguished by a narrow and strongly reflexed dorsal sepal and spreading lateral sepals, not supporting the labellum. Notes with additional comparisons to all species with a similar arrangement of lateral sepals are also provided.
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Orchidantha grandiflora ; Orchidantha inouei ; Orchidantha vietnamica ; Phú Yên province ; south central coast of Vietnam ; vulnerable ; Zingiberales
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  • 46
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    Hibiscus fabiana sp. nov. (Malvaceae) from the Guinea Highlands (West Africa) (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 1, pp. 69-74
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-06
    Description: Hibiscus fabiana Cheek (sect. Furcaria, Malvaceae) is described from the Guinea Highlands of West Africa, and its taxonomic affinities and ecology are considered. Hibiscus fabiana has previously been confused with H. rostellatus but has red fleshy calyx ribs (vs not red and non-fleshy), the calyx surface is glabrous apart from 1-armed bristles (vs densely covered in minute white stellate hairs and bristles 2–5-armed), the leaves 3(–5)-lobed, bases truncate to rounded (vs 5-lobed, cordate). The conservation status of the new species is assessed using the IUCN 2012 standard as Vulnerable. In the context of the recently discovered extinction of the Guinean endemic Inversodicraea pygmaea G.Taylor (Podostemaceae), we discuss the 30 new species to science discovered in Guinea since 2005, all but one of which are also range-restricted and threatened, usually by development or habitat loss. We consider it urgent to avoid their extinction, ideally with in situ conservation using an Important PlantAreas approach.
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Bowal ; conservation ; Furcaria ; Guinea Highlands ; Hibiscus ; Important Plant Areas ; Simandou
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  • 47
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    A new species of Eurystyles (Orchidaceae: Spiranthinae) from Costa Rica (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 1, pp. 65-68
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-06
    Description: Eurystyles comprises about 23 species ranging from Mexico to northernArgentina. Six species are recognized in Mexico and Central America and three in Costa Rica. A new species, named E. uxoris, is here described and illustrated based on Costa Rican material. The species is similar to Eurystyles auriculata and E. standleyi, however, it differs by the smaller plants up to 3 cm tall, smaller leaves of less than 1.6 cm long, flowers with brown dorsal sepal and brown lip apex, petals callose or thickened at apex, and a pandurate lip. Information about distribution, habitat, ecology, etymology and phenology of the new species is provided. An updated key to the Costa Rican species of Eurystyles is presented.
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Eurystyles auriculata ; Eurystyles cornu-bovis ; Eurystyles standleyi ; floristics ; neotropics ; taxonomy
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  • 48
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    Three new combinations in Villaria (Octotropideae, Rubiaceae), an endemic genus from the Philippines (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 1, pp. 86-89
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-06
    Description: Three new species combinations are made under Villaria for the Philippine endemics Hypobathrum coriaceum, H. multibracteatum and H. purpureum. Morphological features of these three Hypobathrum species revealed a closer resemblance with Villaria than with Hypobathrum, as the three Philippine endemics possess a unilocular ovary with parietal placentation; a character that is not found in any genera of Octotropideae except in Villaria. Lectotypes and a neotype are selected.
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Hypobathrum ; Ixoroideae ; Octotropideae ; Philippine endemics ; Rubiaceae ; Villaria
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  • 49
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    On the morphological variation of Rafflesia cantleyi (Rafflesiaceae) on Pulau Tioman, Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 1, pp. 75-82
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-06
    Description: In Peninsular Malaysia, Rafflesia is represented by seven species of which R. kerrii (and R. su-meiae) stands out distinctly from the other five. The other five species, R. azlanii, R. cantleyi, R. parvimaculata, R. sharifahhapsahiae and R. tuanku-halimii, are collectively close enough to each other to be referred to as the R. cantleyi complex after its first-described species, R. cantleyi. Pulau Tioman has a population of R. cantleyi, which, because of its island location, is isolated from the mainland complex. This study was conducted to determine morphological variation in a selected location in Pulau Tioman. Twelve flowers were studied with respect to characteristics such as wart (blotch) pattern on perianth lobes, warts (dots) on upper surface of the diaphragm, shape of the aperture, shape of processes and types of ramenta. These are the characters that have been used to define species in the R. cantleyi complex. The variation in the local Tioman population was compared with the variation in the R. cantleyi complex on the mainland, which is about the same magnitude. This supports the idea that R. cantleyi is a single highly polymorphic species and that the species that have been described in the R. cantleyi complex should be reduced to varieties.
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; morphology ; Pulau Tioman ; Rafflesia cantleyi complex ; variability
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  • 50
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    Dispersal‐related plant traits are associated with range size in the Atlantic Forest (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  Diversity and Distributions vol. 2024 no. e13856
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-06
    Description: Aim: The efficiency of animal-mediated seed dispersal is threatened by the decline of animal populations, especially in tropical forests. We hypothesise that large-seeded plants with animal-mediated dispersal tend to have limited geographic ranges and face an increased risk of extinction due to the potential decline in seed dispersal by large-bodied fruit-eating and seed-dispersing animals (frugivores). Location: Atlantic Forest, Brazil, South America. Taxon: Angiosperms. Methods: First, we collected dispersal-related traits (dispersal syndrome, fruit size, and seed size), growth form (tree, climber, and other) and preferred vegetation type (open and closed) data for 1052 Atlantic Forest plant species. Next, we integrated these with occurrence records, extinction risk assessments, and phylogenetic trees. Finally, we performed phylogenetic generalised least squares regressions to test the direct and interactive effects of dispersal-related traits and vegetation type on geographical range size. Results: Large-seeded species had smaller range sizes than small-seeded species, but only for species with animal-mediated dispersal, not for those dispersed by abiotic mechanisms. However, plants with abiotic dispersal had overall smaller range sizes than plants with animal-mediated dispersal. Furthermore, we found that species restricted to forests had smaller ranges than those occurring in open or mixed vegetation. Finally, at least 29% of the Atlantic Forest flora is threatened by extinction, but this was not related to plant dispersal syndromes. Main Conclusions: Large-seeded plants with animal-mediated dispersal may be suffering from dispersal limitation, potentially due to past and ongoing defaunation of large-bodied frugivores, leading to small range sizes. Other factors, such as deforestation and fragmentation, will probably modulate the effects of dispersal on range size, and ultimately extinction. Our study sheds light on the relationship between plant traits, mutualistic interactions, and distribution that are key to the functioning of tropical forests.
    Keywords: defaunation ; extinction risk ; frugivory ; phylogeny ; range size ; seed dispersal ; tropical forest
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  • 51
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    Taxonomic notes on Trigonostemon (Euphorbiaceae) in the Philippines (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 1, pp. 12-24
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-06
    Description: Descriptions of five Trigonostemon species in the Philippines (four endemic) are updated with taxonomic notes based on herbarium collections and field observations. A new species of Trigonostemon is described. All species treated here are illustrated with photos. The formerly uncertain species, T. stenophyllus, is now synonymized with T. filiformis. In addition to T. pentandrus, three more Trigonostemon species are reported to cohabit with ants. A new identification key and an updated identification list of Trigonostemon species in the Philippines are provided.
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Euphorbiaceae ; Philippines ; revision ; taxonomy ; Trigonostemon
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  • 52
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    Timing and direction of faunal exchange between the Nearctic and the Palaearctic in Odonata (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  Journal of Biogeography vol. 2024 no. 14963
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-06
    Description: Aim Species have different distribution patterns across the globe and among biogeographical regions. The Nearctic and Palaearctic regions share lineages because of their parallel biogeographic histories and ecological conditions. As the number of phylogenetic studies increases, there are more insights into past exchange events between these two regions and their effects on the current distribution of diversity. However, several groups have not been tested and an overall generalization is still missing. Here, we analyse the biogeographic history across multiple genera of odonates to elucidate a general process of species exchange, vicariance and species divergence between these two regions. Location The Holarctic, including the entire Nearctic and the East and West Palaearctic. Taxon 14 genera of Odonata (Insecta). Methods We reconstructed a time-calibrated phylogenetic tree for each genus to determine species relationships and divergence time using 3614 COI sequences of 259 species. Biogeographic ancestral range estimation was inferred for each phylogeny using BioGeoBEARS. Preferred habitat (lotic versus lentic) was established for each species. Results Exchange events were not restricted in time, direction or either lentic habitat or lotic habitat. Most genera crossed between both regions only once, and it was mainly across the Beringia, while three diverse anisopteran genera revealed multiple exchanges. Recent exchanges during the Pleistocene were associated with cold-dwelling and lentic species. Main Conclusions Our finding reveals the absence of a generalizable pattern of species exchange and divergence between the Nearctic and Palaearctic regions; instead, we found lineage-specific biogeographic patterns. This finding highlights the complexity of drivers and functional traits that shaped current diversity patterns. Moreover, it emphasizes that general conclusions cannot be formulated based on one single clade.
    Keywords: biogeography ; climate change ; damselflies ; dragonflies ; Holarctic
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  • 53
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    A taxonomic revision of Trigonostemon (Euphorbiaceae) outside Malesia (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 1, pp. 25-52
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-06
    Description: The Trigonostemon species outside Malesia are taxonomically revised based on herbarium collections and fresh material. The research history in the concerning regions, i.e., the Indian subcontinent (including S India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Myanmar), China, Thailand, Indochina, NE Australia and New Caledonia, is briefly summarised. A total of 32 species are accepted (including one doubtful species) and 17 names are newly treated as synonyms. Trigonostemon montanus is newly described for India. Regional identification keys, nomenclature, descriptions, geographic distributions and taxonomic notes are provided. Together with our previous work, the genus is now fully revised. A total of 59 species are accepted. A full identification list of all Trigonostemon collections seen is presented.
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Euphorbiaceae ; identification ; morphological revision ; non-Malesian ; taxonomy ; Trigonostemon
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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    The botanical exploration of Angola by Germans during the 19th and 20th centuries, with biographical sketches and notes on collections and herbaria (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 2, pp. 126-161
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-06
    Description: A catalogue of 29 German individuals who were active in the botanical exploration of Angola during the 19th and 20th centuries is presented. One of these is likely of Swiss nationality but with significant links to German settlers in Angola. The catalogue includes information on the places of collecting activity, dates on which locations were visited, the whereabouts of preserved exsiccata, maps with itineraries, and biographical information on the collectors. Initial botanical exploration in Angola by Germans was linked to efforts to establish and expand Germany’s colonies in Africa. Later exploration followed after some Germans had settled in the country. However, Angola was never under German control. The most intense period of German collecting activity in this south-tropical African country took place from the early-1870s to 1900. Twenty-four Germans collected plant specimens in Angola for deposition in herbaria in continental Europe, mostly in Germany. Five other naturalists or explorers were active in Angola but collections have not been located under their names or were made by someone else. A further three collectors, who are sometimes cited as having collected material in Angola but did not do so, are also briefly discussed
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Angola ; botanical exploration ; German explorers ; plant collections
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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    A new subgenus representing a newly recorded genus from China, with a new species featured with special palps (Acari, Hydryphantoidea, Hydryphantidae, Partnunia) (2024)
    Les Amis d'Acarologia
    In:  Acarologia vol. 64 no. 2, pp. 654-660
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-06
    Description: A new subgenus Peculiaripalpus subgen. nov. with a new species Partnunia (Peculiaripalpus) longlingensis sp. nov. which belongs to Partnunia Piersig, 1896 is described and illustrated. Partnunia represents a newly record genus of Protziinae Koenike, 1909 for Chinese fauna. The diagnosis of Partnunia is modified according to the new species. An updated key is provided for the subfamilies, genera and subgenera of Hydryphantidae.
    Keywords: water mites; new taxa; scanning electron microscope
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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    Single-Cell Genomics Reveals the Divergent Mitochondrial Genomes of Retaria (Foraminifera and Radiolaria) (2023)
    American Society for Microbiology
    In:  mBio vol. 14 no. 2
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-06
    Description: Mitochondria originated from an ancient bacterial endosymbiont that underwent reductive evolution by gene loss and endosymbiont gene transfer to the nuclear genome. The diversity of mitochondrial genomes published to date has revealed that gene loss and transfer processes are ongoing in many lineages. Most well-studied eukaryotic lineages are represented in mitochondrial genome databases, except for the superphylum Retaria—the lineage comprising Foraminifera and Radiolaria. Using singlecell approaches, we determined two complete mitochondrial genomes of Foraminifera and two nearly complete mitochondrial genomes of radiolarians. We report the complete coding content of an additional 14 foram species. We show that foraminiferan and radiolarian mitochondrial genomes contain a nearly fully overlapping but reduced mitochondrial gene complement compared to other sequenced rhizarians. In contrast to animals and fungi, many protists encode a diverse set of proteins on their mitochondrial genomes, including several ribosomal genes; however, some aerobic eukaryotic lineages (euglenids, myzozoans, and chlamydomonas-like algae) have reduced mitochondrial gene content and lack all ribosomal genes. Similar to these reduced outliers, we show that retarian mitochondrial genomes lack ribosomal protein and tRNA genes, contain truncated and divergent small and large rRNA genes, and contain only 14 or 15 proteincoding genes, including nad1, -3, -4, -4L, -5, and -7, cob, cox1, -2, and -3, and atp1, -6, and -9, with forams and radiolarians additionally carrying nad2 and nad6, respectively. In radiolarian mitogenomes, a noncanonical genetic code was identified in which all three stop codons encode amino acids. Collectively, these results add to our understanding of mitochondrial genome evolution and fill in one of the last major gaps in mitochondrial sequence databases.
    Keywords: Foraminifera ; mitochondrial evolution ; mitochondrial genome ; Radiolaria ; Retaria ; Rhizaria
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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    Positive feedbacks and alternative stable states in forest leaf types (2024)
    In:  Nature Communications vol. 15 no. 4658
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-06
    Description: The emergence of alternative stable states in forest systems has significant implications for the functioning and structure of the terrestrial biosphere, yet empirical evidence remains scarce. Here, we combine global forest biodiversity observations and simulations to test for alternative stable states in the presence of evergreen and deciduous forest types. We reveal a bimodal distribution of forest leaf types across temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere that cannot be explained by the environment alone, suggesting signatures of alternative forest states. Moreover, we empirically demonstrate the existence of positive feedbacks in tree growth, recruitment and mortality, with trees having 4–43% higher growth rates, 14–17% higher survival rates and 4–7 times higher recruitment rates when they are surrounded by trees of their own leaf type. Simulations show that the observed positive feedbacks are necessary and sufficient to generate alternative forest states, which also lead to dependency on history (hysteresis) during ecosystem transition from evergreen to deciduous forests and vice versa. We identify hotspots of bistable forest types in evergreen-deciduous ecotones, which are likely driven by soil-related positive feedbacks. These findings are integral to predicting the distribution of forest biomes, and aid to our understanding of biodiversity, carbon turnover, and terrestrial climate feedbacks.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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    Assessing plastic pollution in Brazilian aquatic ecosystems:an integrated study of pollution in organisms and environments. (2024)
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-05
    Description: Plastics are pervasive contaminants worldwide, accumulating from the poles to the equator, spanning pristine environments to deep ocean basins.This workexplores how seasonal variations in a floodplain influence the ingestion of plastics by freshwater fish and systematically examines trends and gaps in Brazilian research related to plastic pollution.Additionally, the potential relationship between anthropogenic activities and the amounts of plastic found in Brazilian aquatic environmentswas investigated.Among the 23 fish species analyzed in the Upper Paraná River floodplain, nine were ingested plastics, and the particles were associated with fishingactivity and domestic waste. Seasonality played a crucial role in the amounts of plastic ingested by these species, with the highest number of particles recorded during the wet season. As for trends and gaps in Brazilian research on plastic pollution, a substantial number of publications related to marine environments, microplastics, and fishwas identified. Conversely, freshwater environments and invertebrates are underexplored.Considering the distribution of studies within Brazilian biomes, the Pantanaland Cerrado had the lowest number of publications—an alarming trend considering the significant rivers and basins they house.Finally, themodels were unable to find strong and significant correlations between the number of plastics and anthropogenic activities in Brazilian municipalities.The lack of significant relationships may be attributed to the limitations of our dataset, specificallydue to the low number of studies.Nevertheless, other factors influenced the quantities of plastic detected.In biotic samples, the number of ingested plastics was influenced by the animal group, with reptiles, birds, and fish being the most affected groups. For abiotic samples, the type of environment emerged as a significant factor.In sediment samples, the quantity of plastics was higher in estuarine and freshwater environments. In water samples, the quantity of plastics was higher exclusively in freshwater environments.The finds of this workcontribute to new research on plastic pollution in Brazilian aquatic environments, expanding theunderstanding of the dynamics of plastics in freshwater environments and their interaction with various organisms.
    Description: Plásticos são contaminantes onipresentes no planeta, acumulando-se dos polos ao equador, desde ambientes pristinos em grandes altitudes até bacias oceânicas profundas. Investigou-se como a ingestão de plásticos por peixes de água doce é influenciada pelas variações sazonais de uma planície de inundação, bem como as tendências e lacunas da pesquisa brasileira em relação a poluição plástica. Investigou-se também a possível relação entre atividades antropogênicas e as quantidades de plástico encontradas nos ambientes aquáticos brasileiros. Das 23 espécies de peixes analisadas na planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná, nove ingeriram plásticos, e as partículas encontradas são associadas com a atividade pesqueira e o lixo doméstico. A sazonalidade promovida pelo ciclo hidrológico desempenhou um papel importante nas quantidades de plásticos ingeridas por essas espécies, onde o maior número de partículas foi registrado durante o período de cheias. Em relação as tendências e lacunas da pesquisa brasileira sobre a poluição plástica, encontrou-se um grande número de publicações para ambientes marinhos, microplásticos e peixes. Ambientes de água doce e invertebrados permanecem pouco estudados no país. Considerando a distribuição dos estudos dentro dos biomas brasileiros, Pantanal e Cerrado foram os biomas com o menor número de publicações, um fato preocupante visto os importantes rios e bacias que estes abrigam. Por fim, os modelos não encontraram correlações entre a quantidade de plásticos e as atividades antropogênicas dos municípios brasileiros. A ausência dessas relações pode estar relacionada às limitações do conjunto de dados, especificamente devido ao baixo número de estudos com dados disponíveis. Entretanto, outros fatores influenciaram as quantidades de plásticos encontradas. Em amostras bióticas, o número de plásticos ingeridos esteve associado ao grupo animal, sendo os répteis, aves e peixes os mais afetados. Para amostras abióticas, o tipo de ambiente foi um fator influente. Em amostras de sedimento o número de plásticos foi maior para ambientes estuarinos e de água doce. Para as amostras de água, o número de plásticos foi maior apenas para ambientes de água doce. Devido aos efeitos negativos da poluição plástica e à importância econômica e ecológica das espécies afetadas, os resultados desse estudo representam um passo importante na avaliação dos impactos gerados nas populações de peixes de água doce pela ingestão de plásticos. Espera-se que estes resultados contribuam para o direcionamento de novas pesquisas em relação a poluição plástica nos ambientes aquáticos brasileiros, e que estes estudos expandam nosso conhecimento sobre a dinâmica dos plásticos em ambientes de água doce, assim como sua interação com diferentes organismos.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Organismos de água doce ; Peixes de água doce ; Ecossistemas aquáticos de água doce ; Ingestão de plásticos ; Poluição aquática ; Plásticos ; Impactos ambientais ; Impactos antropogênicos ; Revisão sistemática ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::O::Organisms (aquatic) ; ASFA_2015::A::Aquatic ecology ; ASFA_2015::E::Ecosystems ; ASFA_2015::P::Pollution ; ASFA_2015::E::Environmental impact ; ASFA_2015::A::Anthropogenic effects ; ASFA_2015::S::Systematics ; ASFA_2015::P::Plastics ; ASFA_2015::L::Literature reviews
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
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    Virtual experiments on an IP laboratory measurement (2024)
    In:  Protokoll über das 30. Schmucker-Weidelt-Kolloquium für Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: St. Marienthal, 25. September - 29. September 2023
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-05
    Description: Carrying out laboratory experiments is usually a time-consuming process. In addition, the options for varying parameter studies are limited and adjustments to the design of the measuring equipment are often not possible at all. In order to circumvent these limitations, we supplement our laboratory experiments with virtual experiments as best as possible. For this purpose, we have expanded our finite element library FEMALY [1] to include the so-called complete electrode model [2], which allows us to simulate electrodes of any shape for DC and IP applications and also provides us with explicit mathematical expressions for calculating sensitivities [3]. As a first case study, we consider an IP measurement on a measuring cylinder with embedded ring electrodes to virtually reproduce the time-varying change of the apparent resistivity for laboratory tracer experiments (Figure 1). We present the real and imaginary part of the sensitivity distribution of the underlying measurement configuration that confirms our initial assumption that the actual electrode surface shape has a relatively small influence on the observed measurement quantities.
    Language: English
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    Optimization process of the DESMEX induction coil bird for AFMAG measurements (2024)
    In:  Protokoll über das 30. Schmucker-Weidelt-Kolloquium für Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: St. Marienthal, 25. September - 29. September 2023
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-05
    Language: English
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    The auroral electrojet, magnetic activity, and source effects in mid latitude induction arrows: Results from longterm observations (2024)
    In:  Protokoll über das 30. Schmucker-Weidelt-Kolloquium für Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: St. Marienthal, 25. September - 29. September 2023
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-05
    Language: English
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    Multidimensional inversion of sedimentary sequences in the Atacama Desert, Chile, using transient electromagnetic data (2024)
    In:  Protokoll über das 30. Schmucker-Weidelt-Kolloquium für Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: St. Marienthal, 25. September - 29. September 2023
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-05
    Description: The Atacama Desert along the Chilean Coastal Cordillera is a unique landscape to understand the Earth's evolution in hyper-arid and arid environments. The Paranal clay pan has studied by the CRC 1211 project to recover a continuous climate record for paleoclimate research. The goal is to provide the sedimentary architecture and bedrock topography of the Paranal site by interpreting multidimensional inversion of loop source transient electromagnetic (TEM) data. A total of 133 TEM soundings were carried out using a central loop configuration, with a transmitter loop size of 40×40 m2 and a receiver of about 10×10 m2. The TEM data was processed and analyzed, exhibiting high-quality data, with an average of noise level of about ηnoi = 3·10−10V/Am2. The 1D Occam inversion results exhibits a clear three-layered resistivitydepth structure with a second conductive layer of roughly 20 Ωm. The clay pan's resistivity distribution is well-resolved with a global misfit of around 1.1. However, the study site showed 2D effects that were stronlgy visible at the edges of the clay pan, leading to misinterpretations of the TEM data. This was confirmed based on 2D forward modelling. In this manner, to better deal with the observed 2D distortions in the TEM data and to derive a more accurate geometry of the clay pan, the recently developed Julia Package (3DTEMinv) for time-domain 3D inversion and modeling data was performed. The resulting 3D inversion presents a high convergence rate, and acceptable solutions are obtained after ten iterations with a good misfit of about 1.6. The 3D model exhibits a well-resolved geometry of the clay pan, with a high resolution of the derived conductive body. The drill core results confirm the 1D and 3D TEM models at the center of the clay pan, which is in good agreement with the resulting lithology with a maximum thickness of about 171 m depth and a weathered granodioritic bedrock below. These results agree with the local and regional geological context, improving the understanding of sediment deposition and transportation in this hilly and arid environment.
    Language: English
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    Semi-airborne electromagnetic exploration for deep earth resources - large scale multi source 3D imaging of a graphite deposit (2024)
    In:  Protokoll über das 30. Schmucker-Weidelt-Kolloquium für Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: St. Marienthal, 25. September - 29. September 2023
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-05
    Description: The transition towards renewable energies demands secure supply with critical raw material and requires efficient non-invasive methods for deep earth resources exploration. The novel DESMEX (Deep electromagnetic sounding for mineral exploration) semi-airborne electromagnetic (semi-AEM) exploration concept aims at efficient exploration of resources down to 1 km depth. Here we present a large-scale semi-AEM exploration study in a graphite mining district in eastern Bavaria, Germany. At the ground, several horizontal electrical dipole transmitters were deployed and helicopter-towed magnetic field sensors measure the EM fields along flight lines within several overlapping flight areas, providing a fast data acquisition and a high spatial coverage. Imaged shallow high conductivity structures can be correlated with graphite-rich zones and match well with existing helicopter-borne EM results. The presence of graphite leads to significant induced polarization (IP) effects with considerably high chargeabilities superposing electromagnetic induction. We include these effects in a realistic 3D inversion using a synthetic data study to analyse, if the IP effect alters the overall conductivity structure and demonstrate that the obtained 3D model is reliable.
    Language: English
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    Geophysical Investigation of the Weidenpesch Waste Site in Cologne, Germany (2024)
    In:  Protokoll über das 30. Schmucker-Weidelt-Kolloquium für Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: St. Marienthal, 25. September - 29. September 2023
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-05
    Language: English
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    1D modeling of TEM data influenced by IP effects (2024)
    In:  Protokoll über das 30. Schmucker-Weidelt-Kolloquium für Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: St. Marienthal, 25. September - 29. September 2023
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-05
    Description: Transient electromagnetic (TEM) data can be significantly distorted by induced polarization (IP) effect, leading to a sign reversal feature and, if overlooked, false geological interpretation. The aim of this paper is to incorporate IP effects in the forward modelling and recover the distorted TEM data using an efficient inversion algorithm. To achieve this aim, we developed a 1D forward solver to incorporate the IP effects using various IP parameterizations including Cole-Cole, maximum phase angle (MPA), maximum imaginary conductivity (MIC) (Fiandaca et al., 2018) and the Jeffrey transform of Cole-Cole parameters (Ghorbani et al., 2007). For 1D inversion of distorted TEM data we used Levenberg-Marquardt and very fast simulated annealing algorithms. The result of 1D forward calculation and inversion of synthetic IPdistorted TEM data revealed that, for incorporation the IP effects into the TEM data, the Cole- Cole parametrization is more robust and reliable than MPA, MIC, and Jeffrey transform. Moreover, the result of inversion using Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm is strongly depends on the starting model. We successfully implemented these algorithms for 1D inversion of synthetic IP-affected TEM data (Fig. 1 ). For synthetic data generation, a 3-layered half space model with the thickness of the first and second layers of 5 m was considered. The resistivities of the layers from top to bottom are 10, 5 and 300 Ωm, respectively. To include the IP effect, second layer considered to be chargeable with Cole-Cole parameters of m = 0.5, τ = 0.01 s and c = 0.5. TEM central-loop configuration with a loop size of 50*50 m2 and step-off current of 1 A with a zero ramp time was used for data simulation. We evaluated the performance of our algorithm using field data, successfully.
    Language: English
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    Three-Dimensional Inversion of Magnetotelluric Data from Mt. Ruapehu, New Zealand (2024)
    In:  Protokoll über das 30. Schmucker-Weidelt-Kolloquium für Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: St. Marienthal, 25. September - 29. September 2023
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    Publication Date: 2024-06-05
    Language: English
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    Employment of drone-towed sensors in semi-airborne EM studies (2024)
    In:  Protokoll über das 30. Schmucker-Weidelt-Kolloquium für Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: St. Marienthal, 25. September - 29. September 2023
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-05
    Language: English
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    3D Inversion of Loop-Source Time-Domain Electromagnetic Data - Application to Synthetic & Field Data (2024)
    In:  Protokoll über das 30. Schmucker-Weidelt-Kolloquium für Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: St. Marienthal, 25. September - 29. September 2023
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-05
    Description: Multi-dimensional inversion of Transient electromagnetic data is a computationally expensive task. Only few developments and practical interpretation tools exist. Here, we present a multidimensional inversion framework for loop source time-domain electromagnetic data. The developed algorithm is a robust, efficient, and user-oriented tool for the multi-dimensional inversion of typical loop source time-domain electromagnetic configurations. A time-domain finite volume discretization and the direct solver MUMPS are utilized to solve the 3D TEM forward problem. An iterative Gauss-Newton optimization method is implemented for the inversion kernel. The code is parallelized for calculating multiple sources simultaneously to accelerate the inversion. Based on exploration tasks, different configurations exist for commonly used loop source TEM configurations and typical field scales. Synthetic examples are used to verify the effectiveness and benchmark the developed 3D algorithm. Considering that TEM data is often gathered along profiles, adjusting the model roughness along the different modeling domain directions, sufficiently constrains to allow for 2D imaging. In addition to the vertical signal components, we also included horizontal components for large scale fixed loop applications. Subsequent to synthetic validation, the inversion algorithm is further verified using ~120 dense TEM soundings collected over a clay pan site in the Atacama Desert, Chile, to provide bedrock geometry information and suitable coring sites. The 3D inversion result provided an excellent depth estimate of sedimentary infill as well as the bedrock topography and was later confirmed by deep coring. Another interesting site is the Roter Kamm impact crater in Namibia. Our preliminary results obtained from largescale multicomponent fixed loop TEM data reveal a sedimentary infill down to ~300 m depth. In conclusion, our presented 3D inversion code is capable to handle data from various exploration scenarios and provides a robust tool for advanced EM interpretation.
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    Hydraulic conductivity imaging by induced polarization and hydraulic tomography (2024)
    In:  Protokoll über das 30. Schmucker-Weidelt-Kolloquium für Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: St. Marienthal, 25. September - 29. September 2023
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    Publication Date: 2024-06-05
    Language: English
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    Effect of microvariability on electrical rock properties: investigations based on microstructure simulations (2024)
    In:  Protokoll über das 30. Schmucker-Weidelt-Kolloquium für Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: St. Marienthal, 25. September - 29. September 2023
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    Publication Date: 2024-06-05
    Description: In petrophysics, physical rock properties are typically established through laboratory measurements of individual samples. These measurements predominantly relate to the specific sample and can be challenging to associate with the rock as a whole since the physical attributes are heavily reliant on the microstructure, which can vary significantly in different areas. Thus, the obtained values have limited applicability to the entirety of the original rock mass. To examine the dependence of petrophysical measurements based on the variable microstructure, we generate sets of random microstructure representations for a sample, taking into account macroscopic parameters such as porosity and mean grain size. We show that the methodology can adequately mimic the physical behavior of real rocks, showing consistent emulation of the dependence of electrical conductivity on connected porosity according to Archie's law across different types of pore space (micro-fracture, inter-granular, and vuggy, oomoldic pore space). Furthermore, properties such as the internal surface area and its fractal dimension as well as the electrical tortuosity are accessible for the random microstructures and show reasonable behavior. Finally, the possibilities, challenges and meshing strategies for extending the methodology to 3D microstructures are discussed.
    Language: English
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    Semi-Airborne Electromagnetic Survey Design and Inversion for Large-Scale Mineral Exploration in the Harz Area, Germany (2024)
    In:  Protokoll über das 30. Schmucker-Weidelt-Kolloquium für Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: St. Marienthal, 25. September - 29. September 2023
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-05
    Description: This study investigates the optimization of Semi-Airborne Electromagnetic (SAEM) surveys for enhanced subsurface imaging in mineral exploration. It highlights the utility of multi-transmitter systems and explores real data utilization and the challenges of large-scale surveys. With emphasis on Data obtained from DESMEX project surveys. The use of multiple transmitters is crucial. Single transmitters can distort results and mask subsequent bodies. Employing two transmitters on both sides of the target enhances resolution and depth accuracy. results are based on finite element forward operator custEM and pyGIMLi’s inverse solver [1]. substantial advantages of combining single and multi-patch inversion data. This integration results in improved resolution, reduced artifacts, enhanced continuity of geological structures, superior anomaly detection, minimized edge effects, and improved depth penetration [2]. These findings open promising avenues for further exploration and research in geosciences, offering valuable insights into the Earth's subsurface and its intricate geological features. The next logical step involves expanding our methodology to large-scale inversion using more than three transmitters.
    Language: English
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    Magnetotelluric data from the grounding zone of the Ekström Ice Shelf, East Antarctica (2024)
    In:  Protokoll über das 30. Schmucker-Weidelt-Kolloquium für Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: St. Marienthal, 25. September - 29. September 2023
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-05
    Language: English
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    FEMALY: A Finite Element MAtlab LibrarY for Electromagnetics (2024)
    In:  Protokoll über das 30. Schmucker-Weidelt-Kolloquium für Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: St. Marienthal, 25. September - 29. September 2023
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    Publication Date: 2024-06-05
    Description: We present a finite element software library written in Matlab for the numerical simulation and inversion of electromagnetic fields in two and three dimensions. It is designed in a modular way to easily plug together fundamental building blocks for various electromagnetic applications from DC to the inductive range in the frequency and even time domain. External modules comprise the mesh generator and the equation solver library. Through its homogeneous software concept the adoption to any field application is relatively simple and makes the code suitable to open source distribution. We introduce the key features of this library including higher-order Lagrange and Nédélec finite elements formulated on unstructured tetrahedral grids, a Gauss- Newton inversion approach using linear Raviart-Thomas elements for H1 regularization, and the ability to incorporate any geometric feature such as topography, bathymetry and internal voids like caves, tunnels and mine buildings. The library is currently being tested with large real data sets to confirm its usefulness as a tool for practical data interpretation. Therefore, case studies for the magnetotelluric, direct current resistivity, controlled source electromagnetic and induced polarization methods in the field and laboratory are briefly outlined as examples with challenging geometric features.
    Language: English
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  • 74
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    3-D MT model of the Laguna Colorada - Sol de Ma˜nana geothermal field in SW Bolivia (2024)
    In:  Protokoll über das 30. Schmucker-Weidelt-Kolloquium für Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: St. Marienthal, 25. September - 29. September 2023
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-05
    Language: English
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  • 75
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    TEM at breathtaking heights: Investigating fumaroles on Lastarria Volcano, Chile (2024)
    In:  Protokoll über das 30. Schmucker-Weidelt-Kolloquium für Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: St. Marienthal, 25. September - 29. September 2023
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-05
    Language: English
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  • 76
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    Investigation of the shallow geo-electrical resistivity distribution at a fault zone in Sub-Himalayan region in Uttarakhand (India) using Radio-Magnetotellurics (2024)
    In:  Protokoll über das 30. Schmucker-Weidelt-Kolloquium für Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: St. Marienthal, 25. September - 29. September 2023
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-05
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  • 77
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    Lithospheric resistivity as a damping parameter in Schumann resonances: A chance for planetary exploration? (2024)
    In:  Protokoll über das 30. Schmucker-Weidelt-Kolloquium für Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: St. Marienthal, 25. September - 29. September 2023
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-05
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  • 78
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    Deep Learning Anisotropic CSEM Resistivity Inversion with Federated Networks (2024)
    In:  Protokoll über das 30. Schmucker-Weidelt-Kolloquium für Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: St. Marienthal, 25. September - 29. September 2023
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-05
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  • 79
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    First results from a new surface-towed controlled source electromagnetic experiment to detect offshore extensions of freshwater aquifers in the Adriatic Sea (2024)
    In:  Protokoll über das 30. Schmucker-Weidelt-Kolloquium für Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: St. Marienthal, 25. September - 29. September 2023
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-05
    Description: play significant roles in coastal hydrologic systems. Despite the importance of these offshore groundwater systems and their interactions with onshore systems along global coastlines, a lack of understanding persists due to limitations in geophysical methodologies. Controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) techniques are one promising noninvasive avenue for identifying and characterizing OFG and SGD. However, the current availability of CSEM systems in academic research is limited, and applications are still restricted to specific regions. Existing CSEM systems are commonly associated with high deployment costs, logistical complexity, limited modification options and in case of seafloor-towed applications, slow data acquisition rates. To address these limitations, we introduce SWAN - a low-cost, modular, surface-towed hybrid time-frequency domain CSEM system capable of detecting OFG and SGD up to water depths of 100 m. A field test conducted in the central Adriatic Sea showcased the system's capabilities at water depths ranging from several tens to approximately 160 m. SWAN's ability to provide continuous measurements has proven effective in acquiring high-quality data while operating at towing speeds of 2.5 to 3 knots. The system's data coverage allows for the detection of subsurface resistivity variations to depths of approximately 150–200 m below the seafloor. With its user-friendly, modular design, SWAN offers a cost-efficient solution for investigating the hydrogeology of shallow offshore environments. The presentation shows the technological developments of SWAN, including illustrations of measured time series, processed data and first 2D inversion results from the Adriatic Sea.
    Language: English
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  • 80
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    Vorwort (2024)
    In:  Protokoll über das 30. Schmucker-Weidelt-Kolloquium für Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: St. Marienthal, 25. September - 29. September 2023
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    Publication Date: 2024-06-05
    Language: German
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  • 81
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    Imaging of the Iron Mountain and Lusatian thrust faults (Czechia) by audiomagnetotellurics, gravity and resistivity surveys (2024)
    In:  Protokoll über das 30. Schmucker-Weidelt-Kolloquium für Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: St. Marienthal, 25. September - 29. September 2023
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-05
    Language: English
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  • 82
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    Propagation of signal-to-noise ratio into semi-airborne EM inversions (2024)
    In:  Protokoll über das 30. Schmucker-Weidelt-Kolloquium für Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: St. Marienthal, 25. September - 29. September 2023
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-05
    Description: Semi-airborne EM (sAEM) transfer functions are estimated by regression over Fourier coefficients over a (small) number of time windows and binned frequencies. The estimation error is determined from the prediction error. However, Fourier coefficients themselves are afflicted with noise and thus erroneously estimated. Here, we make an attempt to incorporate the noise level as weighting coefficients in a weighted least squares regression (WLS). Reliable error estimates are crucial for inverting data; we show 2D inversion results with new error estimates for a test data set using a scalar magnetometer (OPM).
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  • 83
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    Multivariate processing of AFMAG data - Application to the Gobabis demonstration survey (Namibia) (2024)
    In:  Protokoll über das 30. Schmucker-Weidelt-Kolloquium für Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: St. Marienthal, 25. September - 29. September 2023
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-05
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  • 84
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    Ongoing Approaches for utilizing Neural Networks in DC Resistivity Inversion (2024)
    In:  Protokoll über das 30. Schmucker-Weidelt-Kolloquium für Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: St. Marienthal, 25. September - 29. September 2023
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-05
    Description: As part of an investigation into applications of Neural Networks for EM problems, different approaches have been tested for DC resistivity modeling and inversion. The first approach consists of using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) for DC resistivity inversion. For this purpose, dipole-dipole pseudosections were simulated using the in-house FEMALY toolbox and used as input data for a CNN, which was trained to output underground resistivity. Training results showed qualitatively good match with the ground truth. However, the predictions are characterized by lack of extrapolation to unseen types of data (e.g. homogeneous half-spaces) and coarse grid enforced by the approach. The second approach laid in the use of Physics Informed Neural Networks (PINN). In this approach, the relevant partial differential equation is included as a regularization term in the loss function, leading to a network whose outputs are guided by physics. Derivatives for the PDE termare obtained via automatic differentiation, removing the need for discretization. This also necessitated a move to solving the forward problem. While this approach has the benefits of being mesh-free and incorporating physics into the training process, in practice it failed at even elementary modeling cases, particularly involving resistivity anomalies. A third approach aimed at combining the previous two, by creating a physics-informed Convolutional Neural Network. This was achieved by replacing the previous loss approaches by a convolution with a Laplace-operator Kernel. This approach produces results that look promising qualitatively for homogeneous half-spaces, however full Dirichlet boundary conditions are required and resistivity anomalies can again not be easily incorporated.
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  • 85
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    Investigation of the Garzweiler Coal Deposit using Central and Fixed Loop Transient Electromagnetics (2024)
    In:  Protokoll über das 30. Schmucker-Weidelt-Kolloquium für Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: St. Marienthal, 25. September - 29. September 2023
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-05
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  • 86
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    New insights into the DeepEarthShape project (Chile) by comparison of 2D and 3D inversion results of RMT data using GoFEM and ModEM (2024)
    In:  Protokoll über das 30. Schmucker-Weidelt-Kolloquium für Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: St. Marienthal, 25. September - 29. September 2023
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-05
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  • 87
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    Joint Transientelectromagnetic and Magnetotelluric characterization of deep aquifers in North Jordan (2024)
    In:  Protokoll über das 30. Schmucker-Weidelt-Kolloquium für Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: St. Marienthal, 25. September - 29. September 2023
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-05
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  • 88
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    An iterative solution framework based on the Block-Based PREconditioner for Square Blocks PRESB: robustness, efficiency and scalability (2024)
    In:  Protokoll über das 30. Schmucker-Weidelt-Kolloquium für Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: St. Marienthal, 25. September - 29. September 2023
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-05
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  • 89
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    Smart data selection - First insights from using machine learning for controlled-source RMT data processing (2024)
    In:  Protokoll über das 30. Schmucker-Weidelt-Kolloquium für Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: St. Marienthal, 25. September - 29. September 2023
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-05
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  • 90
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    High Voltage DC Power Lines in EM: Preliminary Results (2024)
    In:  Protokoll über das 30. Schmucker-Weidelt-Kolloquium für Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: St. Marienthal, 25. September - 29. September 2023
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-05
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  • 91
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    Modelling of infrastructure effects in semi-airborne EM data (2024)
    In:  Protokoll über das 30. Schmucker-Weidelt-Kolloquium für Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: St. Marienthal, 25. September - 29. September 2023
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-05
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  • 92
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    Deep electrical structure of the Deception Island active volcano (Antarctica) by means of magnetotelluric data (2024)
    In:  Protokoll über das 30. Schmucker-Weidelt-Kolloquium für Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: St. Marienthal, 25. September - 29. September 2023
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-05
    Language: English
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  • 93
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    An Estimate of the Effect of 3D Heterogeneous Density Distribution on Coseismic Deformation Using a Spectral Finite-Element Approach (2024)
    In:  International Association of Geodesy Symposia | X Hotine-Marussi Symposium on Mathematical Geodesy: Proceedings of the Symposium in Milan, Italy, June 13-17, 2022
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-05
    Description: The advancement of the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS) has enabled monitoring of mass transport and solid-Earth deformation processes with unprecedented accuracy. Coseismic deformation is modelled as an elastic response of the solid Earth to an internal dislocation. Self-gravitating spherical Earth models can be employed in modelling regional to global scale deformations. Recent seismic tomography and high-pressure/high-temperature experiments have revealed finer-scale lateral heterogeneities in the elasticity and density structures within the Earth, which motivates us to quantify the effects of such finer structures on coseismic deformation. To achieve this, fully numerical approaches including the Finite Element Method (FEM) have often been used. In our previous study, we presented a spectral FEM, combined with an iterative perturbation method, to consider lateral heterogeneities in the bulk and shear moduli for surface loading. The distinct feature of this approach is that the deformation of the entire sphere is modelled in the spectral domain with finite elements dependent only on the radial coordinate. By this, self-gravitation can be treated without special treatments employed when using an ordinary FEM. In this study, we extend the formulation so that it can deal with lateral heterogeneities in density in the case of coseismic deformation. We apply this approach to a longer-wavelength vertical deformation due to a large earthquake. The result shows that the deformation for a laterally heterogeneous density distribution is suppressed mainly where the density is larger, which is consistent with the fact that self-gravitation reduces longer-wavelength deformations for 1-D models. The effect on the vertical displacement is relatively small, but the effect on the gravity change could amount to the same order of magnitude of a given heterogeneity if the horizontal scale of the heterogeneity is large enough.
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  • 94
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    Airborne Geophysical Peat Volume Mapping: Advantages and Limitations Compared to Traditional Methods (2024)
    In:  Protokoll über das 30. Schmucker-Weidelt-Kolloquium für Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: St. Marienthal, 25. September - 29. September 2023
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-05
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  • 95
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    CSEM modelling of different sources in the RMT frequency band including displacement currents (2024)
    In:  Protokoll über das 30. Schmucker-Weidelt-Kolloquium für Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: St. Marienthal, 25. September - 29. September 2023
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-05
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  • 96
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    Joint inversion of drone-based semi-airborne data measured in two frequency ranges with scalar and vector magnetometers (2024)
    In:  Protokoll über das 30. Schmucker-Weidelt-Kolloquium für Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: St. Marienthal, 25. September - 29. September 2023
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-05
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  • 97
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    Preliminary insights into the lithospheric structure of the Iberian Pyrite belt in Portuguese terrains through magnetotelluric research (2024)
    In:  Protokoll über das 30. Schmucker-Weidelt-Kolloquium für Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: St. Marienthal, 25. September - 29. September 2023
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-05
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  • 98
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    A magnetotelluric exploration of volcanic structures in the San Pedro-Ceboruco Graben (Mexico): insights from 3D modeling (2024)
    In:  Protokoll über das 30. Schmucker-Weidelt-Kolloquium für Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: St. Marienthal, 25. September - 29. September 2023
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-05
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  • 99
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    Geophysical Imaging of the Roter Kamm Crater, Namibia, using the Transient Electromagnetic Method (2024)
    In:  Protokoll über das 30. Schmucker-Weidelt-Kolloquium für Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: St. Marienthal, 25. September - 29. September 2023
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-05
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  • 100
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    Exploring the Atacama Desert with TEM: Quebrada de los Tiburones and Salar Grande, Chile (2024)
    In:  Protokoll über das 30. Schmucker-Weidelt-Kolloquium für Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: St. Marienthal, 25. September - 29. September 2023
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-05
    Language: English
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