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  • Articles  (129)
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  • Evolution  (130)
  • 2020-2024  (130)
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  • 1
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    A new species of Dugesia (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae) from China, with an account on the histochemical structure of its major nervous system (2020)
    Pensoft Publishers
    In:  Zoosystematics and Evolution vol. 96 no. 2, pp. 431-447
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: By means of an integrated approach, including molecular, morphological, anatomical and histological data, we describe a new species of freshwater flatworm of the genus Dugesia from southwest China, representing the third species recorded for the country. Morphologically, the new species, Dugesia umbonata Song & Wang, sp. nov., is particularly characterised by the presence of a muscularised hump immediately antero-dorsally to a knee-shaped bend in its bursal canal and by an ejaculatory duct that opens subterminally through the dorsal side of the penis papilla. Four molecular datasets (18S rDNA; ITS-1; 28S rDNA; COI) facilitated determination of the phylogenetic position of the new species, which belongs to a clade comprising other species from the Australasian and Oriental regions. We also analysed the structure of its major nervous system by means of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) histochemical method and compared these results with data available for three other species of Dugesia.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Molecular phylogeny ; Taxonomy ; Histochemistry ; Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 2
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    A catalogue of the Coleoptera of the Dutch Antilles (2020)
    Brill
    In:  Tijdschrift voor Entomologie vol. 162 no. 2-3, pp. 67-186
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: This paper presents a first critical review of the beetle species (Insecta: Coleoptera) reported from the (former) Dutch Antilles as well as a history of beetle collecting and collectors on the islands. The introductory section provides a concise overview of the location, climate, geology and vegetation of the six islands. The catalogue is concluded with miscellaneous additions, corrections and annotations to the published records of the other islands of the northern Leeward Islands, and a comprehensive bibliography. (ZooBank registration: http://zoobank.org/ \nE2D76464-5AAE-4D75-9AC5-CA119E65D72A)
    Keywords: Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Insect Science
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 3
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    Integrative taxonomy of araneomorph spiders: Breathing new life into an old science (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Taxonomy as a science has accumulated data and knowledge for more than 250 years. The quality and usefulness of the facts recorded in taxonomic literature has greatly improved from the early descriptive texts to the modern data-rich, hypothesis-driven works. Our work illustrates the application of some of the \xe2\x80\x9ce-taxonomic\xe2\x80\x9d tools and the \xe2\x80\x9cNew Taxonomy\xe2\x80\x9d thinking explored in the introduction. Here, we analyzed specimen data contained in legacy taxonomic literature in Chapters 2 and 3\xe2\x80\x94to observe species distribution of one spider group and genital evolution, respectively\xe2\x80\x94and also explored an integrative perspective that involves describing new taxa and testing phylogenetic hypotheses using molecular and morphological data, as done in Chapter 4 and 5.
    Keywords: Spiders ; Taxonomy ; Biodiversity ; Species ; Phylogeny ; DNAMolecules ; Selection ; Genitalia ; Evolution
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
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  • 4
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    Numerous new records of tropical non-indigenous species in the Eastern Mediterranean highlight the challenges of their recognition and identification (2021)
    Pensoft Publishers
    In:  ZooKeys vol. 1010, pp. 1-95
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: New data on 52 non-indigenous mollusks in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea is reported. Fossarus sp. (aff. aptus sensu Blatterer 2019), Coriophora lessepsiana Albano, Bakker & Sabelli, sp. nov., Cerithiopsis sp. aff. pulvis, Joculator problematicus Albano & Steger, sp. nov., Cerithiopsis sp., Elachisina sp., Iravadia aff. elongata, Vitrinella aff. Vitrinella sp. 1 (sensu Blatterer 2019), Melanella orientalis, Parvioris aff. dilecta, Odostomia cf. dalli, Oscilla virginiae, Parthenina cossmanni, Parthenina typica, Pyrgulina craticulata, Turbonilla funiculata, Cylichna collyra, Musculus coenobitus, Musculus aff. viridulus, Chavania erythraea, Scintilla cf. violescens, Iacra seychellarum and Corbula erythraeensis are new records for the Mediterranean. An unidentified gastropod, Skeneidae indet., Triphora sp., Hypermastus sp., Sticteulima sp., Vitreolina cf. philippi, Odostomia (s.l.) sp. 1, Henrya (?) sp., and Semelidae sp. are further potential new non-indigenous species although their status should be confirmed upon final taxonomic assessment. Additionally, the status of Dikoleps micalii, Hemiliostraca clandestina comb. nov. and H. athenamariae comb. nov. is changed to non-indigenous, range extensions for nine species and the occurrence of living individuals for species previously recorded from empty shells only are reported. Opimaphora blattereri Albano, Bakker & Sabelli, sp. nov. is described from the Red Sea for comparison with the morphologically similar C. lessepsiana Albano, Bakker & Sabelli, sp. nov. The taxonomic part is followed by a discussion on how intensive fieldwork and cooperation among institutions and individuals enabled such a massive report, and how the poor taxonomic knowledge of the Indo-Pacific fauna hampers non-indigenous species detection and identification. Finally, the hypothesis that the simultaneous analysis of quantitative benthic death assemblages can support the assignment of non-indigenous status to taxonomically undetermined species is discussed.
    Keywords: Animal Science and Zoology ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Cerithiopsidae ; invasion biology ; Lessepsian invasion ; Mollusca ; new species ; Red Sea ; taxonomy ; Triphoridae
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 5
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    Characterization of a virally encoded flavodoxin that can drive bacterial cytochrome P450 monooxygenase activity (2023)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Lamb, D. C., Goldstone, J. V., Zhao, B., Lei, L., Mullins, J. G. L., Allen, M. J., Kelly, S. L., & Stegeman, J. J. Characterization of a virally encoded flavodoxin that can drive bacterial cytochrome P450 monooxygenase activity. Biomolecules, 12(8), (2022): 1107, https://doi.org/10.3390/biom12081107.
    Description: Flavodoxins are small electron transport proteins that are involved in a myriad of photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic metabolic pathways in Bacteria (including cyanobacteria), Archaea and some algae. The sequenced genome of 0305φ8-36, a large bacteriophage that infects the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis, was predicted to encode a putative flavodoxin redox protein. Here we confirm that 0305φ8-36 phage encodes a FMN-containing flavodoxin polypeptide and we report the expression, purification and enzymatic characterization of the recombinant protein. Purified 0305φ8-36 flavodoxin has near-identical spectral properties to control, purified Escherichia coli flavodoxin. Using in vitro assays we show that 0305φ8-36 flavodoxin can be reconstituted with E. coli flavodoxin reductase and support regio- and stereospecific cytochrome P450 CYP170A1 allyl-oxidation of epi-isozizaene to the sesquiterpene antibiotic product albaflavenone, found in the soil bacterium Streptomyces coelicolor. In vivo, 0305φ8-36 flavodoxin is predicted to mediate the 2-electron reduction of the β subunit of phage-encoded ribonucleotide reductase to catalyse the conversion of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides during viral replication. Our results demonstrate that this phage flavodoxin has the potential to manipulate and drive bacterial P450 cellular metabolism, which may affect both the host biological fitness and the communal microbiome. Such a scenario may also be applicable in other viral-host symbiotic/parasitic relationships.
    Description: The study was supported by the National Institutes of Health grant 5U41HG003345 (J.V.G.), by the Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health, NIH P01 ES021923 and NSF OCE-1314642 (J.J.S.), and by a Fulbright Scholarship (to D.C.L.). Funding at Swansea University supported by the European Regional Development Fund/Welsh European Funding Office via the BEACON project (S.L.K).
    Keywords: Flavodoxin ; Virus/phage ; Cytochrome P450 ; Evolution ; Bacteria
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 6
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    Disentangling a complex genus: systematics, biogeography and bioactivity of the genus Phyllanthus L. and related genera of tribe Phyllantheae (Phyllanthaceae) (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: The largest genus within the Phyllanthaceae family is a group called Phyllanthus L. Recent studies have shown, that Phyllanthus is paraphyletic with the genera Glochidion, Breynia and Synostemon nested within it. In this thesis, I study the evolution and systematics of Phyllanthus and how to solve the apparent paraphyly. First we explore past morphological subgroups to come to a subdivision, which was tested using molecular phylogenetics. Several species of Phyllanthus are also used in traditional medicine and by utilizing the living collections of the Hortus botanicus Leiden, we tested for antibacterial and antifungal bioactivity. The phylogeny resulting from this study is used to study the historical biogeography and diversification of the tribe and to propose a new classification where Phyllanthus is separated into several smaller genera.
    Keywords: Taxonomy ; Systematics ; Botany ; Evolution ; Biogeography ; Phyllanthus ; Phyllanthaceae
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
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  • 7
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    The Shell evolution of the hydrocenidae of Malaysian Borneo (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Mollusca form an important animal phylum that first appeared in the Cambrian, and today is, after Arthropoda, the second largest animal phylum, with more than 100,000 extant species (Bieler, 1992, Brusca and Brusca, 2003), with the class Gastropoda accounting for 80% of the extant species in the Mollusca. Despite its species-richness, a generalized gastropod shell architecture is maintained because of conserved developmental processes. All of the shelled gastropods grow by adding, in a unidirectional accretionary way, shell material with the mantle edge organ, usually at different deposition rates around the existing aperture. This shell ontogeny, or to be more specific aperture ontogeny, gives the general spiral form for the shells. However, spiral forms can vary when there are changes in any one of the aspects in the aperture ontogeny profiles, namely, the rate and direction of shell deposition around the aperture, size and shape of the aperture (i.e. mantle edge), and the total length of the shell ontogeny processes. The interplays between these developmental parameters have generated a great diversity in shell form, for which taxonomists and evolutionary biologist are now trying to accurately characterize and to understand with regard to its evolution. This thesis reveals several hitherto unknown aspects of Plectostoma shell forms, in terms of the developmental homology, the aperture ontogeny profile, anti-predation functionality, and evolutionary pattern in shell characters and ontogenetic morphospace evolution. In fact, these are the issues that have been targeted by biologists for centuries in order to improve the way shell shape is characterized and to improve understanding of shell form evolution.
    Keywords: Hydrocenidae ; Georissa ; Landsnail ; Limestone ; Systematics ; Morphological variation ; Evolution
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
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  • 8
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    Cortinarius subgenus Leprocybe, unexpected diversity and significant differences in species compositions between western and eastern North America (2021)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 46, pp. 216-239
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-19
    Description: The focus of this paper is the North American species of Cortinarius in subg. Leprocybe. Eighteen species, including twelve new ones, and two tentative (aff.) species, are delimited based on morphological and molecular data (DNA ITS-LSU sequences). Existing type specimens of species in subg. Leprocybe were also studied, and neo- or epitypes designated for C. cotoneus, C. melanotus, C. phrygianus and C. venetus to stabilize the nomenclature. In addition, to improve the infrasubgeneric classification of Leprocybe three new sections are proposed: sect. Fuscotomentosi, sect. Melanoti and sect. Squamiveneti. This study adds substantial information to the knowledge of subg. Leprocybe in North America against a background of European species. To date only two species, C. phrygianus and C. squamivenetus have been reported from both continents.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Agaricales ; barcodes ; Cortinariaceae ; ectomycorrhiza ; Europe ; ITS ; North America
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 9
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    Global consortium for the classification of fungi and fungus-like taxa (2023)
    Mushroom Research Foundation
    In:  Mycosphere vol. 14 no. 1, pp. 1960-2012
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-22
    Description: The Global Consortium for the Classification of Fungi and fungus-like taxa is an international initiative of more than 550 mycologists to develop an electronic structure for the classification of these organisms. The members of the Consortium originate from 55 countries/regions worldwide, from a wide range of disciplines, and include senior, mid-career and early-career mycologists and plant pathologists. The Consortium will publish a biannual update of the Outline of Fungi and funguslike taxa, to act as an international scheme for other scientists. Notes on all newly published taxa at or above the level of species will be prepared and published online on the Outline of Fungi website (https://www.outlineoffungi.org/), and these will be finally published in the biannual edition of the Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa. Comments on recent important taxonomic opinions on controversial topics will be included in the biannual outline. For example, ‘to promote a more stable taxonomy in Fusarium given the divergences over its generic delimitation’, or ‘are there too many genera in the Boletales?’ and even more importantly, ‘what should be done with the tremendously diverse ‘dark fungal taxa?’ There are undeniable differences in mycologists’ perceptions and opinions regarding species classification as well as the establishment of new species. Given the pluralistic nature of fungal taxonomy and its implications for species concepts and the nature of species, this consortium aims to provide a platform to better refine and stabilise fungal classification, taking into consideration views from different parties. In the future, a confidential voting system will be set up to gauge the opinions of all mycologists in the Consortium on important topics. The results of such surveys will be presented to the International Commission on the Taxonomy of Fungi (ICTF) and the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi (NCF) with opinions and percentages of votes for and against. Criticisms based on scientific evidence with regards to nomenclature, classifications, and taxonomic concepts will be welcomed, and any recommendations on specific taxonomic issues will also be encouraged; however, we will encourage professionally and ethically responsible criticisms of others’ work. This biannual ongoing project will provide an outlet for advances in various topics of fungal classification, nomenclature, and taxonomic concepts and lead to a community-agreed classification scheme for the fungi and fungus-like taxa. Interested parties should contact the lead author if they would like to be involved in future outlines.
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 10
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    A new Philippine species of Ridsdalea (Rubiaceae, Ixoroideae) from karst vegetation in Palawan (2022)
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 67 no. 1, pp. 15-19
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-07
    Description: Ridsdalea philippinensis (Rubiaceae), a new species from the karst forest in El Nido (Palawan, Philippines), is described and illustrated. It is unique among Malesian Ridsdalea species in having a corolla tube that is distinctly inflated at the apex, a character state also displayed by R. sootepensis and R. thailandica from Laos and Thailand. Amongst others, R. philippinensis, however, differs from both of these species in having smaller flowers and anthers that do not emerge from the corolla tube. An updated key for Philippine Ridsdalea is also presented.
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; El Nido-Taytay Managed Resource Protected Area ; Gardenieae ; Malesia ; Philippines ; Ridsdalea ; Rubiaceae
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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