ALBERT

Description: A systematic investigation of the extant coccolithophore community around Azores Archipelago was performed during the cruise M150 of FS Meteor between August, 27, and October, 2, 2018, in the scope of the project BIODIAZ - Controls in benthic and pelagic BIODIversity of the AZores. For the description of the spacial and vertical distribution of the extant coccolithophore community sampling was done at 50 stations along 9 transects including 3 islands, a seamount and islets from 5 to 8 water depths between surface and 150 m. A total of 306 samples were obtained, filtered onboard onto polycarbonate membranes and sections of these filters mounted in the laboratory on microscope slides for analysis by cross-polarized light microscopy. At least 400 coccospheres were counted through a randomly selected sequence of fields of view and the absolute abundances (Coccospheres/L) were estimated.

Description: Multibeam bathymetry raw data was recorded in the North Atlantic during cruise SO276 MerMet 17-6 that took place between 2020-06-22 and 2020-07-26. The data was collected using the ship's own Kongsberg EM 122. Sound velocity profiles (SVP) were applied on the data for calibration. Please see environmental data (zip file) and the cruise report for details.

Description: This file contains data on number of mesopelagic fish collected during the CSIC-SUMMER survey carried out in October 2020 in five zones around the Iberian Peninsula: Balears and Alboran in the western Mediterranean, and Cadiz, Lisboa and Galicia. The scientific midwater trawl Mesopelagos fitted with a Multisampler placed at the end of the net was used to collect specimens at seven layers of the water column. The depth of the net was controlled by a SCANMAR system. In the five zones, hauls were carried out day and night to study vertical migration patterns of mesopelagic fish. A total of 24 deployments were made (between 0 and 700 m), of which 14 discriminated water layers. Additionally, to more accurately sample the epipelagic layers 7 night hauls were restricted to the first 210 m of the water column. Fish were identified and counted on board, or frozen for later processes in the laboratory. These data were obtained within the European Union Project 'Sustainable Management of Mesopelagic Resources' (SUMMER, Grant Agreement 817806) as funded by the Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme.

Description: This raster dataset, in Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF format (COG), provides information on land surface changes at the pan-arctic scale. Multispectral Landsat-5 TM, Landsat-7 ETM+, and Landsat-8 OLI imagery (cloud-cover less than 80%, months July and August) was used for detecting disturbance trends (associated with abrupt permafrost degradation) between 2003 and 2022. For each satellite image we calculated the Tasseled Cap multi-spectral index to translate the spectral reflectance signal to the semantic information Brightness, Greenness, and Wetness. In order to characterize change information, we calculated the linear trend of the Brightness, Greenness and Wetness over two decades on the individual pixel level. The final map product therefore contains information on the direction and magnitude of change for all three Tasseled Cap parameters in 30m spatial resolution across the pan-arctic permafrost domain. Features detected include coastal erosion, lake drainage, infrastructure expansion, and fires. The general processing methodology was developed by Fraser et al. 2014 and adapted and expanded by Nitze et al. 2016 and Nitze et al. 2018. Here we upscaled the processing to the circum-arctic permafrost region and the recent 20-year period from 2003 through 2022. The service covers the permafrost region up to 81° North: Alaska (USA), Canada, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia, Mongolia, and China. For Russia and China, regions not containing permafrost were excluded. The data has been processed in Google EarthEngine within the research projects ERC PETA-CARB, ESA CCI+ Permafrost, NSF Permafrost Discovery Gateway, and EU Arctic PASSION. The dataset is a contribution to the 'Panarctic requirements-driven Permafrost Service' of the Arctic PASSION project (see references). Changes in the Tasseled Cap indices Brightness, Greenness, and Wetness are displayed in the image bands red, green, and blue, respectively. Here, coastal erosion (a trend of a land surface transitioning to a water surface) is depicted in dark blue colors, while coastal accretion (a trend of a water surface transitioning to a land surface) is depicted in bright orange colors. Drained lakes appear in bright yellow or orange colors, depending on the soil conditions and vegetation regrowth. Fire scars are a further common feature, which can appear in different colors, depending on the time of the fire and pre-fire land cover. The data can be explored via the Arctic Landscape EXplorer (ALEX, see references) and is available as a public web map service (WMS, see references), both hosted by Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research.

Description: The Holocene delta deposit (1st terrace) exposure SOB14-A-21 (72.53671°N, 127.98945°E) was sampled on 17 August 2014 North of Sobo-Sise Island in the Lena Delta during the framework of the joint Russian-German Expedition LENA 2014. The surface (top) of the exposure was characterized by mosses and sedges. The exposure itself was predominately sandy with few organic remnants. The top organic layer is thin (1.5 cm) and the active layer depth could not be determined exactly. However, the top 170 cm of the exposure were unfrozen although the thaw front might not only be from the top down but also horizontally due to the nature of the exposure. The exposure was first cleaned with a spade and then sampled with a knife and a hole saw from top to bottom. The entire exposure had a depth of 605 cm whereof the bottom 35 cm consisted of ice. Every 25 cm a sample was collected resulting in 22 samples (20 sediment samples and 2 ice samples). The samples were kept cool during the transport and later analyzed in the laboratory for bulk density, total organic carbon, and total nitrogen with a Vario EL III Elemental Analyzer. Prior to analysis, samples were freeze-dried, homogenized, and ground before measuring the samples with the elemental analyzer. The ice samples were not analyzed.

Description: Foraminiferal shells of the species M. allisonensis from the PETM section of ODP Site 865, Central Pacific, were cast with 3 grains of UWC-3 calcite standard (Kozdon et al., 2009) in the center of a 25 mm round epoxy mount, ground to the level of best exposure, polished, cleaned, and Au-coated. Prior to geochemical analysis, shells were examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to identify subdomains suitable for in-situ d13C and Mg/Ca ratio measurements and to avoid diagenetically altered zones within each shell. In-situ d13C measurements were performed with ~7 µm beam spot size in the WiscSIMS Laboratory at UW-Madison by a CAMECA ims-1280 large radius multicollector ion microprobe) using the protocols described in a previous study (Kozdon et al., 2018). The in-situ d13C microanalyses primarily targeted subdomains located at the base of pustular outgrowths (muricae) along the chamber walls of each shell. Previous studies have shown that these subdomains are less susceptible to post-depositional alteration than the rest of the shell (Kozdon et al., 2011; Kozdon et al., 2013). Between one and five SIMS d13C microanalyses were performed for each shell. Reproducibility of the individual spot analysis of UWC-3 standard (d13C = -0.91‰ V-PDB, Kozdon et al., 2011) bracketing samples is on average 0.7‰ (± 2 SD).

Description: Tree canopies are considered to effectively buffer climate extremes and to mitigate climate change effects. Droughts, which are predicted to become more frequent in the course of climate change, might alter the microclimatic cooling potential of trees. However, our understanding of how microclimate at the tree canopy level is modulated by environmental and tree characteristics and their interactions is still limited. Here, we investigated canopy temperature regulation for five mature co-occurring tree species for two contrasting hydrological situations during the severe drought in 2018.

Description: Size, weight, body-mass density and swim bladder measurements of Cyclothone species were analysed during the IDEADOS (Mediterranean Sea, July 2010), Bathypelagic (North Atlantic, May-June 2018) and SUMMER (Mediterranean Sea and North Atlantic, September-October 2020), and cruises. Specimens used to analyse size and weight were collected with a Multiple Opening/Closing Net and Environmental Sensing System (MOCNESS-1 m²), fitted with nets of 0.2 mm mesh size. Hauls were carried out between the surface and 700-800 m, in IDEADOS and SUMMER cruises, and up to 1800 m in Bathypelagic survey. Measures of body mass-density were obtained during the SUMMER cruise from specimens collected using the "Mesopelagos" midwater trawl. Finally, measures of swim bladder length, height, width, angle, volume, equivalent spherical radius, and aspect ratio were measured from specimens collected during the Bathypelagic cruise.

Description: This file contains data on mesopelagic fish stomach content reported as the number of prey categories in each fish stomach and their carbon masses. These data come from samples collected around the Iberian Peninsula (sampled during the CSIC-SUMMER cruise in October 2020). 120 samples come from the western Mediterranean and 173 from the Atlantic. Overall 42 different prey taxa could be identified from the stomachs. Five zones around the Iberian Peninsula were studied: south of the Balearic Islands, Alboran Sea, Gulf of Cadiz, off Lisboa and off Galicia. The table contains 5785 prey data records from 293 stomachs of 29 species of mesopelagic fish. Each data record (row) corresponds to one prey item, therefore for each fish stomach there are as many records as number of prey in the stomach. The complete dataset presents predators (mesopelagic fish) identified to species level, and prey taxa identified to genus level when possible (42 prey taxa). The studied mesopelagic fish correspond to orders Stomiiformes and Myctophiphormes and were selected because they were the most common and abundant in the cruise. The most diverse group was Myctophidae, with 14 species. The Stomiiformes were represented by four families, of which 5 species were Gonostomatidae, 2 Phosichthyidae, 4 Sternoptychidae and 4 Stomiidae.

Description: We tested the antagonistic effects of three strains of the dinoflagellate HAB species Alexandrium catenella on three target species (the chlorophyte Tetraselmis sp., the cryptomonad Rhodomonas salina, and the diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii) at various biomass ratios between species, at ambient (16 ◦C and 400 μatm CO2) and OWA (20 ◦C and 2000 μatm CO2) conditions. In these experiments the Alexandrium strains had been raised under OWA conditions for ~100 generations. All three non-HAB species increased their growth rate under OWA relative to ambient conditions. This dataset is included in the OA-ICC data compilation maintained in the framework of the IAEA Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (see https://oa-icc.ipsl.fr). Original data were downloaded from the Zenodo (see Source). In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2024) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation by seacarb is 2024-05-13.