ALBERT

Description: Presence-absence records for four cold-water coral (CWC) taxa (Enallopsammia rostrata, Acanella arbuscula, Metallogorgia spp. and Paramuricea spp.) were gathered to conduct distribution models on seamounts (Cadamosto, Nola, Senghor and Cabo Verde) of the Cabo Verde archipelago (NW Africa), covering a bathymetric range from 2100 to 750 m water depth. Data were extracted from video footage collected with Remotely Operated Vehicles during the M80/3 Meteor (2010) and the iMirabilis2 (2021) research expeditions. Video data from the iMirabilis2 expedition was analysed, quantitively, using the open-source software BIIGLE (Langenkämper et al. 2017). Observations from five continuous 1 to 2 km-long video transects between 2000 and 1400 m depth at Cadamosto Seamount were converted into presence-absence data points. Similar data were not available for the seamounts explored during M80/3 Meteor. However, all the available images and short video clips from that expedition were analysed to identify presence and absence points for each of the four target CWC taxa. All the available presence/absence data from the two expeditions was transformed into one point per grid cell of a 100 m resolution bathymetry grid, with the prevalence of the presence records over the absence records, in grid cells where both categories overlapped.

Description: This dataset presents benthic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O chronostratigraphies and associated uncertainties for Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 980 and 981, based on different tuning targets including LR04 (Lisiecki and Raymo, 2005), LR09 (Lisiecki and Raymo, 2009), CENOGRID (Westerhold et al., 2020) and Probstack (Ahn et al., 2017) and based on manual versus automated tuning techniques (Middleton et al., 2024). The benthic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O record at ODP 980 is based on Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi and Cibicides kullenbergi, and was previously published (McManus et al., 1999; Flower et al., 2000; Oppo et al., 1998). The ODP Site 981 data were measured on benthic foraminifera of the genus Cibicidoides (Raymo et al., 2004). The benthic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O records of ODP Site 980 and 981 were spliced together at ~860 ka (Raymo et al., 2004). Automated tuning is based on Hidden Markov Model (HMM)-Match-based alignments (Middleton et al., 2024) generated using the automated probabilistic HMM-Match algorithm of Lin et al. (2014). The manual alignments of ODP Site 980/981 were obtained by realigning the original age model tie points (e.g., Raymo et al., 2004) to the benthic foraminiferal LR04 δ¹⁸O stack using the QAnalySeries software (Kotov and Pälike, 2018). The dataset provides the basis for investigating and discussing the uncertainties of benthic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O stratigraphies for conventional manual and automated tuning techniques and evaluate their impact on sedimentary age models over the past 1.8 Myr (Middleton et al., 2024).

Description: This dataset presents tie points between sediment core PS75/059-2 and IODP Site U1541 based on an alignment of high-resolution X-ray fluorescence (XRF) Fe intensity variations in both cores, obtained by Middleton et al. (2024). The splicing of the two cores provides the basis for a combination of the benthic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O records for PS75/059-2 (Ullermann et al., 2016) and IODP Site U1541 (Middleton et al., 2024).

Description: This dataset presents benthic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O chronostratigraphies and associated uncertainties for International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Site U1541, based on different tuning targets including LR04 (Lisiecki and Raymo, 2005), LR09 (Lisiecki and Raymo, 2009), CENOGRID (Westerhold et al., 2020) and Probstack (Ahn et al., 2017) and based on manual versus automated tuning techniques (Middleton et al., 2024). The benthic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O record for IODP Site U1541 (54°13'S, 125°25'W) recently recovered from the central South Pacific on IODP Expedition 383 (Winckler et al., 2021) is presented for the first time in Middleton et al. (2024). It is based on stable isotope analyses of Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi and Cibicides kullenbergi (Middleton et al., 2024), and was combined with the benthic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O record of PS75/059-2 (Ullermann et al., 2016). Automated tuning is based on Hidden Markov Model (HMM)-Match-based alignments (Middleton et al., 2024) generated using the automated probabilistic HMM-Match algorithm of Lin et al. (2014). The manual tuning was generated by visual alignment of characteristic peaks and troughs of the benthic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O record of IODP Site U1541 to the benthic foraminiferal LR04 stack using the publicly available QAnalySeries software (Kotov and Pälike, 2018). The dataset provides the basis for investigating and discussing the uncertainties of benthic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O stratigraphies for conventional manual and automated tuning techniques and evaluate their impact on sedimentary age models over the past 3.5 Myr (Middleton et al., 2024).

Description: This dataset presents user-defined tiepoints of the manual alignment of the benthic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O record at IODP Site U1541 to the benthic foraminiferal LR04 δ¹⁸O stack of Lisiecki and Raymo (2005) obtained by Middleton et al. (2024). The benthic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O record for IODP Site U1541 is based on stable isotope analyses of Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi and Cibicides kullenbergi, and was published in Middleton et al. (2024).

Description: This dataset presents benthic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O chronostratigraphies for International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Site U1541, Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1090 and ODP Site 980-981 based on different tuning targets including LR04 (Lisiecki and Raymo, 2005), LR09 (Lisiecki and Raymo, 2009), CENOGRID (Westerhold et al., 2020) and Probstack (Ahn et al., 2017) obtained by Middleton et al. (2024). The benthic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O record for IODP Site U1541 (54°13'S, 125°25'W) recently recovered from the central South Pacific on IODP Expedition 383 (Winckler et al., 2021) is shown for the first time and is published in Middleton et al. (2024). All data records are based on Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi and Cibicides kullenbergi, or combinations thereof. The dataset provides the basis for investigating and discussing the uncertainties of benthic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O stratigraphies for conventional manual and automated tuning techniques and evaluate their impact on sedimentary age models over the past 3.5 Myr (Middleton et al., 2024).

Description: This dataset presents user-defined tiepoints of the manual alignment of the benthic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O record at ODP Site 1090 to the benthic foraminiferal LR04 δ¹⁸O stack of Lisiecki and Raymo (2005) obtained by Middleton et al. (2024). The benthic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O record is based on Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi and was previously published in Hodell et al. (2000) and Venz and Hodell (2002).

Description: This dataset presents user-defined tiepoints of the manual alignment of the benthic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O record at ODP Site 980 and 981 to the benthic foraminiferal LR04 δ¹⁸O stack of Lisiecki and Raymo (2005) obtained by Middleton et al. (2024). The benthic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O record at ODP 980 is based on Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi and Cibicides kullenbergi, and was previously published (McManus et al., 1999; Flower et al., 2000; Oppo et al., 1998). The ODP Site 981 data were measured on benthic foraminifera of the genus Cibicidoides (Raymo et al., 2004). The benthic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O records of ODP Site 980 and 981 were spliced together at ~860 ka (Raymo et al., 2004).

Description: This dataset presents benthic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O chronostratigraphies and associated uncertainties for Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1090, based on different tuning targets including LR04 (Lisiecki and Raymo, 2005), LR09 (Lisiecki and Raymo, 2009), CENOGRID (Westerhold et al., 2020) and Probstack (Ahn et al., 2017) and based on manual versus automated tuning techniques (Middleton et al., 2024). The benthic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O record at ODP Site 1090 is based on Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi and was previously published in Hodell et al. (2000) and Venz and Hodell (2002). Automated tuning is based on Hidden Markov Model (HMM)-Match-based alignments (Middleton et al., 2024) generated using the automated probabilistic HMM-Match algorithm of Lin et al. (2014). The manual alignments of ODP Site 1090 were obtained by realigning the original age model tie points (Venz and Hodell, 2002) to the benthic foraminiferal LR04 δ¹⁸O stack using the QAnalySeries software (Kotov and Pälike, 2018). The dataset provides the basis for investigating and discussing the uncertainties of benthic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O stratigraphies for conventional manual and automated tuning techniques and evaluate their impact on sedimentary age models over the past 2.9 Myr (Middleton et al., 2024).

Description: The dataset comprises elemental data, alkyl lipid data and radiocarbon (14C) data that was obtained on sediment samples from sub-Antarctic South Georgia. The sediments were collected from a range of different sites, including lakes, peat deposits, a marine inlet and a fjord during RV Polarstern expedition PS81 in 2013. Prior to the geochemical analyses reported here, the sediments were freeze-dried and ground. More details on the study sites, sampling and data evaluation can be found in Berg et al. (submitted manuscript). Total organic carbon (TOC) was analyzed with a DIMATOC 200 (DIMATEC Corp., Canada) analyser. The TOC concentration is derived from the difference between total carbon (TC) and total inorganic carbon (TIC) Total carbon (C), total nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) were analyzed using a Vario Micro Cube combustion elemental analyser (Elementar, Germany). Alkyl lipid biomarkers were extracted by accelerated solvent extraction (ASE 300, Thermo, USA) with dichloromethane and methanol (DCM, MeOH; 9:1, v/v at 120°C, 75 bar) (cores Co1305, PS81/283, and Co1308) or via consecutive ultrasonication in DCM:Hexan (1:1), MeOH:DCM (1:1) and MeOH (core Co1306 and the peat and soil samples). The total lipid extract (TLE) was saponified with 0.5 M KOH in MeOH and water (9:1, v/v) at 80°C for 2 h. Neutral lipids (NL) were extracted from the TLE with dichloromethane by liquid-liquid phase separation. Alkanes were purified from NL by silica gel column chromatography (SiO2, deactivated, mesh-size 60) by elution with hexane and alkanols by elution with chloroform. To purify alkanoic acids, the remaining TLE was acidified to pH 1 and acids were extracted from the TLE with dichloromethane by liquid-liquid phase separation. Prior to analysis by gas chromatography (GC, Agilent 7890B, Agilent Technologies, USA) equipped with a flame ionization detector (FID), alkanols were acetylated and alkanoic acids were converted to methyl ester derivatives. Alkanes, alkanols and alkanoic acids were identified and quantified against authentic external standards. Concentrations of all reported lipid biomarkers were normalized to the TOC content of the respective sediment samples (µg/g TOC) and are given as fractional abundances for each compound class. Sediment and plant samples for Radiocarbon (14C) analysis were pre-treated and analyzed as described by Rethemeyer et al. (2019). For the analysis of 14C in bulk organic carbon (bulk OC) and plant fossils were washed with 1% HCl (1 hr, 60°C followed by ca. 10 hr at room temperature) to remove carbonates. The acid insoluble fraction was then graphitized and analyzed for 14C at the CologneAMS facility (Cologne, Germany). For compound-specific 14C analysis individual alkanoic acids, alkanes and alkanols were isolated by preparative capillary GC using a gas chromatograph (7680 Agilent Technologies, USA) equipped with a CIS 4 injection system (Gerstel, Germany), coupled with a preparative fraction collector (PFC; Gerstel, Germany). The purity and quantity of individual compounds was monitored by GC-FID (Agilent 7890B equipped with an on-column injector, Agilent Technologies, USA). Samples with a purity of 〉98% were processed further. For samples from core Co1305 compound-specific 14C analysis was performed on a MICADAS AMS system equipped with a gas ionization source (ETH Zurich, Switzerland, Wacker et al., 2010) on purified CO2 produced by combustion in vacuum-sealed quartz tubes. Compound ages were corrected for processing blanks and carbon added during derivatization using mass balance (Berg et al., 2020). For core Co1308 compound-specific 14C analysis was conducted on the original isolated compounds with a High Voltage 6 MV Tandetron coupled to an EA-GIS periphery at the CologneAMS facility (Stolz et al., 2019). Compound-specific F14C values were corrected for processing blanks and the addition of one carbon atom during derivatization using mass balance (Berg et al. 2020 and Scheidt et al., 2021). AMS results are reported as fraction modern (F14C) and conventional radiocarbon ages (yrs BP) as outlined in Stuiver & Polach (1977)