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  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology
  • Humans
  • SPACE SCIENCES
  • 2020-2024  (7)
  • 1955-1959  (42)
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Keywords
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Years
Year
  • 1
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    How nature shaped echolocation in animals (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: Echolocation has evolved in different groups of animals, from bats and cetaceans to birds and humans, and enables localization and tracking of objects in a dynamic environment, where light levels may be very low or absent. Nature has shaped echolocation, an active sense that engages audiomotor feedback systems, which operates in diverse environments and situations. Echolocation production and perception vary across species, and signals are often adapted to the environment and task. In the last several decades, researchers have been studying the echolocation behavior of animals, both in the air and underwater, using different methodologies and perspectives. The result of these studies has led to rich knowledge on sound production mechanisms, directionality of the sound beam, signal design, echo reception and perception. Active control over echolocation signal production and the mechanisms for echo processing ultimately provide animals with an echoic scene or image of their surroundings. Sonar signal features directly influence the information available for the echolocating animal to perceive images of its environment. In many echolocating animals, the information processed through echoes elicits a reaction in motor systems, including adjustments in subsequent echolocation signals. We are interested in understanding how echolocating animals deal with different environments (e.g. clutter, light levels), tasks, distance to targets or objects, different prey types or other food sources, presence of conspecifics or certain predators, ambient and anthropogenic noise. In recent years, some researchers have presented new data on the origins of echolocation, which can provide a hint of its evolution. Theoreticians have addressed several issues that bear on echolocation systems, such as frequency or time resolution, target localization and beam-forming mechanisms. In this Research Topic we compiled recent work that elucidates how echolocation – from sound production, through echolocation signals to perception- has been shaped by nature functioning in different environments and situations. We strongly encouraged comparative approaches that would deepen our understanding of the processes comprising this active sense.
    Keywords: QP1-981 ; Q1-390 ; bats ; Biosonar ; Humans ; marine mammals ; sensory biology ; Birds ; Behavior ; Communication ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MF Pre-clinical medicine: basic sciences::MFG Physiology
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Chocolate and Health: Friend or Foe? (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: In the ancient past, cocoa has been appreciated as a high-calorie food to boost energy in soldiers and for its undefined medicinal and mystical properties. During other times, chocolate has been considered as the forbidden “food of God”: a treasure of pleasure for the mind and the soul. The overall perception of the consumer for chocolate was of a “charming” and appealing food with lots of negative aspects related to high sugar content leading to consider chocolate as “junk food” for its “obesigen” calories. Recently, in association with the renewed interest of nutrition science in alternative source of health-promoting foods and ingredients, a large body of research has been conducted to unravel the pro and cons of cocoa in relation to human health. Epidemiological evidences indicate that cocoa consumption helps preventing cardiovascular disease for its high content in bioactive flavonoids. Clinical trials show that chocolate consumption might improve vascular function, decreasing platelet aggregation and display an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect. The putative protective action of cocoa seems to be multi-factorial and involving different aspects of vascular, antioxidant and endothelial function. However, the mechanism(s) that account for the benefits of cocoa it is still unclear. The aim of this Research Topic is therefore to provide the reader with an objective picture of the state of art on the association between cocoa and health, mainly through the evidences of human trials; overwhelmingly considered the golden standard for nutritional science. The Research Topic will cover the analysis of the manufacturing processes of the chocolate and the antioxidant effects in humans as well as the majority of the putative health effects of chocolate and cocoa, such as anti-inflammatory properties, effect on immunity, platelet aggregation, blood pressure, endothelial function and cognitive behavior. Unraveling the functional properties of cocoa will help to understand if the 'food of God' is a primordial gift for the health of mankind.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RC581-607 ; TX341-641 ; Antioxidants ; Obesity ; Flavonoids ; Humans ; Chocolate ; Blood pressure ; Inflammation ; Cognitive function ; Cocoa ; Immunity
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    The Functional Organization of the Auditory System (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This eBook comprises s series of original research and review articles dealing with the anatomical, genetic, and physiological organization of the auditory system from humans to monkeys and mice.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; audition ; monkeys ; gens ; translational ; Humans ; Rodents ; Memory ; Perception ; Physiology ; functional imaging ; Anatomy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Spatial memory - a unique window into healthy and pathological ageing (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The global population aged over 60 is set to rise dramatically in the coming decades. In many countries, the older population now faces the prospect of spending a quarter of their lives aged over 65, and a significant proportion will have to cope with cognitive decline associated with normal ageing or with dementia disorders. Given that these fundamental demographic changes will pose a significant challenge to health care systems, a detailed understanding of age-related cognitive and neurobiological changes is essential in helping elderly populations maintain cognitive performance. In addition, developing sensitive biomarkers to identify those at risk of developing dementia is crucial for early and effective interventions. To make inferences about the ageing process from the animal model back to the human, rigorous behavioral paradigms must be used to ensure that the same function is being examined across species. Given that similar navigational paradigms can easily be applied to humans and animals, recent years have seen an expansion of studies attempting to bridge the gap between age-related changes in animal and human spatial cognition. These studies begin to suggest that disruptions in spatial computations are among the earliest indicators of impending cognitive decline. In addition, although many animal studies have identified pathological mechanisms with paradigms involving spatial navigation, these mechanisms support many nonspatial cognitive functions as well. As a consequence, a successful characterization of how spatial processing changes in the ageing brain could reveal fundamental effects of cognitive ageing that could inform about general mechanisms underlying decline in perception, mnemonic processing and multisensory integration.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Neuroscience ; spatial navigation ; Humans ; Aging ; Animal Models ; Dementia ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Hidden Depths (2022)
    White Rose University Press | White Rose University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-12-06
    Description: In Hidden Depths, Professor Penny Spikins explores how our emotional connections have shaped human ancestry. Focusing on three key transitions in human origins, Professor Spikins explains how the emotional capacities of our early ancestors evolved in response to ecological changes, much like similar changes in other social mammals. For each transition, dedicated chapters examine evolutionary pressures, responses in changes in human emotional capacities and the archaeological evidence for human social behaviours. Starting from our earliest origins, in Part One, Professor Spikins explores how after two million years ago, movement of human ancestors into a new ecological niche drove new types of collaboration, including care for vulnerable members of the group. Emotional adaptations lead to cognitive changes, as new connections based on compassion, generosity, trust and inclusion also changed our relationship to material things. Part Two explores a later key transition in human emotional capacities occurring after 300,000 years ago. At this time changes in social tolerance allowed ancestors of our own species to further reach out beyond their local group and care about distant allies, making human communities resilient to environmental changes. An increasingly close relationship to animals, and even to cherished possessions, appeared at this time, and can be explained through new human vulnerabilities and ways of seeking comfort and belonging. Lastly, Part Three focuses on the contrasts in emotional dispositions arising between ourselves and our close cousins, the Neanderthals. Neanderthals are revealed as equally caring yet emotionally different humans, who might, if things had been different, have been in our place today. This new narrative breaks away from traditional views of human evolution as exceptional or as a linear progression towards a more perfect form. Instead, our evolutionary history is situated within similar processes occurring in other mammals, and explained as one in which emotions, rather than ‘intellect’, were key to our evolutionary journey. Moreover, changes in emotional capacities and dispositions are seen as part of differing pathways each bringing strengths, weaknesses and compromises. These hidden depths provide an explanation for many of the emotional sensitivities and vulnerabilities which continue to influence our world today.
    Keywords: Human demography ; Group size ; Lithic transfers ; Raw material movements ; Bonobos ; Dog burial ; Comfort ; Symbolic objects ; Symbolism ; Mobiliary art ; Attachment fluidity ; Hypersociability ; Human-animal relationships ; Dog domestication ; Attachment object ; Approachability ; Approach behaviour ; Avoidance behaviour ; Androgens ; Physiological responses ; Cognitive Archaeology ; Autism Spectrum Condition ; Handaxe ; Biface ; Neurodiversity ; Palaeolithic stone tools ; Evolution of neurodiversity ; Rock art ; Ice age art ; Material Culture ; Cultural transmission ; Emotional commitment ; Biopsychosocial approach ; Social tolerance ; Attachment ; Genus Homo ; Acheulian ; Cultural evolution ; Skeletal abnormality ; Injury ; Illness ; Interdependence ; Emotional sensitivity ; Moral emotions ; Evolution of Altruism ; Hominins ; Upper Palaeolithic ; Lower Palaeolithic ; Ecological niche ; Selective pressure ; Behavioural ecology ; Wolves ; Affective empathy ; Cognitive empathy ; Theory of mind ; Human Cognition ; Vulnerability ; Evolutionary Psychology ; Developmental psychology ; Helping behaviours ; Social cognition ; Social mammals ; Human Emotion ; Human social collaboration ; Generosity ; Emotional brain ; Social emotions ; Comparative behaviour ; Evolution ; Social carnivores ; Primate behavioural ecology ; Primate social systems ; Human Evolution ; Human ancestors ; Collaboration ; Evolutionary Biology ; Emotional vulnerability ; Social connection ; Decolonisation ; Social networks ; Middle Palaeolithic ; Community resilience ; Convergent evolution ; Chimpanzee ; Origin of modern humans ; Social safeness ; Wolf domestication ; Cherished possessions ; Compensatory attachment ; Loneliness ; Palaeolithic art ; Stress reactivity ; Bonding hormones ; Humans ; Hunter-gatherers ; Intergroup collaboration ; Tolerance ; Emotional connection ; Autism ; Trust ; Early Prehistory ; Palaeopathology ; Origins of healthcare ; Human self-domestication ; Palaeolithic Archaeology ; Social brain ; Care-giving ; Empathy ; Neanderthals ; Compassion ; Social Connection ; Evolution of Emotions ; Human Origins ; Adaptation ; Prehistory ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHM Anthropology ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HD Archaeology ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPW Political activism::JPWQ Revolutionary groups & movements ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Neuropharmacological, Neurobiological and Behavioral Mechanisms of Learning and Memory (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: drugs ; Behavior ; Memory tasks ; pre-clinical ; clinical ; Humans ; Animals ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKG Pharmacology
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Pacific Climate Cultures (2022)
    De Gruyter | De Gruyter Open Poland
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-11-22
    Description: This edited volume examines the opportunities to think, do, and/or create jointly afforded by digital storytelling. The contributors discuss digital storytelling in the context of educational programs, teaching anthropology, and ethnographic research involving a variety of populations and subjects that will appeal to researchers and practitioners engaged with qualitative methods and pedagogies that rely on media technology.
    Keywords: Discourse ; Climate Change ; Humans ; Nature ; Oceania ; Resilience ; Environmental Ethics ; Environmental Change ; Worldview ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes::JFFC Social impact of disasters ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFH Popular beliefs & controversial knowledge::JFHF Folklore, myths & legends ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFS Social groups::JFSL Ethnic studies::JFSL9 Indigenous peoples ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBD Population & demography ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHM Anthropology ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSX Human biology::PSXM Medical anthropology
    Language: English
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Foam fractionation of proteins: Concentration of aqueous solutions of bovine serum albumin (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 1 (1959), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effects of pH and concentration on foam separation of the protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) from solution has been studied. All results agree, at least qualitatively, with theory. BSA maximum enrichments were observed at the isoelectric pH and enrichment ratio was found to increase with decreasing protein concentrations.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390010102
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The large-scale separation of fluids from fibrous pulps (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 1 (1959), S. 13-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Most of the free fluid can generally be expressed from fibrous pulps in a few seconds at 50 lb/in2 if the layer of pulp is kept thinner than 1 in. after it has been pressed, and if the fluid is allowed to run away freely. The need for this time and the frictional properties of many pulps are serious obstacles to the design of any strictly continuous press. Roller presses do not allow enough time, screw expellers create too much friction, continuous centrifuges and some other arrangements are intricate and vulnerable.An intermittent but automatic press which avoids these defects is described. In this the material on a perforated conveyor is pressed by a ram and then moved forward as the ram lifts. One such machine has already been made. An outline is given of the principles on which an improved design will depend.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390010103
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Equipment for cultivation of fastidious micro-organisms (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 1 (1959), S. 27-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Equipment has been developed in which fermentation processes for fastidious, pathogenic micro-organisms can be operated on a pilot-plant scale. Experience has shown the need for the development of concepts, techniques, and equipment meeting more stringent requirements than those ordinarily encountered in the fermentation industry. A system has been developed for the preparation of pure cultures which may be used either for the development of processes or in the preparation of substantial quantities of pure cultures. The equipment includes specially designed valves, fermentors, piping arrangement, and requires special methods of operation in order to maintain pure cultures during growth of the organism. The number of cultures of pathogenic, fastidious micro-organisms contaminated in the systems commonly used in industry is materially greater than the number of contaminated cultures produced in the system described.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390010104
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of L-tryptophan in submerged culturePresented before the Division of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Fermentation Subdivision, Symposium on Fermentation Process and Equipment Design, at the 132nd meeting of the American Chemical Society, New York, N.Y., 1957 (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 1 (1959), S. 49-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A strain of C. purpurea has been isolated which will produce L-tryptophan from indole in submerged culture.The L-tryptophan produced is extracellular and in a free form.Levels of up to 1·5 mg/ml of L-tryptophan have been obtained.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390010106
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The significance of surface electric charge on algae in water purification (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 1 (1959), S. 37-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The results of a study on the surface electric charge carried by fresh-water planktonic algae are used to provide a theory for the flocculation of algae with chemical coagulants. Where it is desirable to remove algae from water, for example from lakes or reservoirs for water supply, or from sewage oxidation ponds, the theory indicates certain practices are desirable to obtain the best removal. It is planned to extend the theory and experimental work to cover the removal of untreated algae from water by filtration through porous granular media, believed to be an adsorptive effect. Separation of different species of algae employing their electrokinetic properties is also described.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390010105
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An apparatus for the culture of algae under controlled conditions (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 1 (1959), S. 59-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An apparatus is described in which large numbers of algal cultures can be maintained under the following conditions: (1) Constant temperature within the range 5 to 70°C, four different temperatures being maintained simultaneously; (2) uniform illumination at intensities up to 20,000 metre-candles; (3) continuous shaking at variable speed; and (4) aeration under aseptic conditions with mixtures of up to four different gases in any desired proportions.Among other features, thermoregulator heads, flow-meters and heaters for sterile filters, of improved design are described.To illustrate the use of the apparatus, data showing the effects of light intensity and temperature on the growth of Monodus subterraneus are presented.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390010107
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The protection of some baked products against moulds by chemical and irradiation techniques (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 1 (1959), S. 99-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The nature of the problem of mould growth on baked products is discussed. Existing information on the reduction of this source of wastage by chemical and irradiation techniques is briefly reviewed, and new experimental evidence is presented relating to the use of these procedures. The effectiveness of ionizing radiations in preventing mould growth is indicated but there are many problems to be considered before it can be regarded as a satisfactorily established technique.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390010109
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 1 (1959) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390010201
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The separation of flour into fractions of different protein contents by means of air classification (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 1 (1959), S. 77-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Fractions of markedly different protein contents may be obtained by air-classifying flour (in the sub-sieve range) at cut sizes of about 17 and 35 μ respectively. Of these fractions, the fine, 1 (of high protein content), contains fragments of interstitial endosperm protein and small starch granules; the intermediate, 2 (low protein), mainly large starch granules; the coarse, 3, fragments of endosperm cells. The yields and protein contents of the fractions vary with different wheats; the yields of 1 and 2 may be greatly increased through suitably grinding the flour after milling.In general, 1 may be used for raising the protein content of flours deficient in protein to a level suitable for bread-making. The amount of 1 required depends on its protein contents and on whether it came from a hard or soft wheat, the hard wheat fraction having better bread-making qualities. The resulting variation in the proportion of 1 required in the blend causes variation in the proportion of other particulate materials introduced with 1, in which they have become concentrated during the air classification. These include diastatically active agents and finely divided discolouring matter; the level of the former reached in the blend greatly affects its bread-making value. Pre-grinding of the flour may be helpful in this respect.When chlorinated, 2 is potentially useful for making light-structured cakes, but hard English wheats have mainly given less satisfactory results than soft. Under certain conditions, 3, with or without 2, may be better for biscuit-making than the parent flour.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390010108
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of bacterial cells within fibrous air sterilization filters (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 1 (1959), S. 129-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Applying radio-isotope 32P, the distribution of bacterial cells retained within glass-fibre air sterilization filters was measured. In particular, the time-dependence of the radial as well as the longitudinal distribution was studied. The collection efficiency of glass-fibre was obtained and the experimental result was compared with a theoretical value based upon the sum of interception, inertia and diffusion. Discrepancies could not be accounted for and are similar to those in the literature. An equation was proposed for the estimation of air filter life. This was not completely verified but leads to some suggestive results.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390010202
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Batch centrifuge scale-up for virus processing (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 1 (1959), S. 207-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The mathematical relationship between the throughput of a batch centrifuge and its mechanical characteristics has been applied to the scale-up of one of the steps in virus processing for possible application to the production of vaccines and similar antigens. Slurries that contained a test virus were purified in a laboratory centrifuge. The Q/Σ relationship, developed by Ambler, was used to predict the operating conditions of a larger centrifuge in order to achieve the same clarification of slurry as that produced in the laboratory centrifuge. A correlation between conditions of centrifugation and amount of virus removed from the feed to the centrifuge shows that there is a well-defined Q/Σ value at which significant concentrations of the test virus are sedimented.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390010207
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The interaction of unsaturated and saturated steroids in the production of Δ1,4-androstadienedione with Fusarium caucasicum (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 1 (1959), S. 239-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390010210
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cholesterol by David Kritchevsky. John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1959, xi + 291 pp. 78/- (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 1 (1959), S. 243-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390010211
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An automatic apparatus for extraction of cell suspensions by repeated freezing and thawing (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 1 (1959), S. 229-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An account is given of the construction and operation of a fully automatic apparatus in which the material is kept under agitation in a closed container alternately surrounded by hot and cold alcohol supplied from separate baths. The apparatus has the following applications in microbiology and cell physiology: (1)Extraction of micro-organisms and cell tissues by repeated freezing (F) and thawing (T) at variable temperatures and lengths of FT cycle. Extraction can be controlled automatically or manually. As a practical example of the use of the apparatus a description is given of the extraction of living virulent S. typhi bacteria.(2)Studies of the reactions of living micro-organisms and tissues under varying physical conditions (e.g. high- and low-temperature resistance experiments, osmotic studies, thermal synchronization of bacterial cultures, etc.).(3)If required, the normal gas mixture in the residual air space can without difficulty be replaced by other gases or mixtures such as CO2 or N2.
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    The evaluation of a process for the preparation of co-enzyme A from yeast (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 1 (1959), S. 217-228 
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    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A process is described for the extraction of co-enzyme A from dried yeast. It involves cold water extraction, charcoal adsorption followed by pyridine elution, preparation of an acetone power, co-precipitation as the double cuprous complex with glutathione and removal of the glutathione by means of an ion exchange resin.Improvements over previous processes include use of drum dried yeast plus cold extraction resulting in easy filtration and increase of throughput by a factor of three to five, together with the elimination of the ion exchange step formerly thought necessary to remove zine before the co-precipitation stage. Under the best conditions yields represent 30% recovery of the co-enzyme A in the yeast, the product being 90% pure.
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    Masthead (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 1 (1959) 
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    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390010301
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    Biochemical preparations, Volume 6; Ed. Carl S. Vestling. New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; London, Chapman & Hall, Ltd. IX and 105 pp. 42/- (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 1 (1959), S. 244-244 
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    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390010212
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    A highly sensitive katharometer and its application to the measurement of ethylene and other gases of biological importance (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 1 (1959), S. 245-259 
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    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The design and construction of a highly sensitive katharometer is described with special reference to the application of the instrument for the precise determination of traces of ethylene by gas chromatography. Factors influencing katharometer sensitivity, and the relative advantages and disadvantages of katharometers as compared with other types of detectors, are discussed.
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    Separation of acid polyelectrolytes and proteins in cellular extracts - IWork performed under Contract da-91-508-EUC-263 with the European Office of the Chief of Research and Development, U.S. Department of the Army. (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 1 (1959), S. 273-288 
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    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An electrophoretic method for the separation of acid polyelectrolytes from proteins in cell extracts is described.A description of the apparatus is given and some results of the separation of extracts from Bordetella pertussis are included.
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    Control of foam during fermentation by the application of ultrasonic energy (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 1 (1959), S. 289-295 
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    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An ultrasonic generator was tested at 3 frequencies for its effects on Serratia marcescens during fermentation. The generator controlled foam adequately at 26, 29, and 34 kc/sec at medium aeration rates up to 0·6 ft3/min. Final viable counts were in the same range as those for cultures grown using lard oil as a foam control agent. At 34 kc/sec the final viable counts were slightly higher than those of cultures with lard oil.No harmful effects were evident when large volumes of cultures were exposed to ultrasonic energy during growth.
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    Continuous antibiotic fermentation - design of a 20 litre, single-stage pilot plant and trials with two contrasting processesPreliminary reports of this work have been presented orally at the VIIth International Congress for Microbiology in August, 1958, and at the 134th American Chemical Society Meeting in September, 1958. (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 1 (1959), S. 359-377 
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    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The feasibility of producing antibiotics by single-stage continuous fermentation was explored by means of a specially designed pilot plant. Both the chloramphenicol and penicillin processes appeared adaptable to such an operation. At dilution rates of 1·0 and 0·5 volume changes per day respectively, yields of from ¼ to ½ of the maxima obtained in batch operation were maintained in the steady-state for more than 2 weeks.
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    A kinetic study of the lactic acid fermentation. Batch process at controlled pHPresented at the 134th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Chicago, September 1958. (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 1 (1959), S. 393-412 
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    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Kinetic data are needed to develop basic understanding of fermentation processes and to permit rational design of continuous fermentation processes.The kinetics of the fermentation of glucose to lactic acid have been studied at six constant pH levels between 4·5 and 6·0 by measuring the instantaneous rates of bacterial growth and of lactic acid formation throughout each fermentation.It was found that the instantaneous rate of acid formation dP/dt, could be related to the instantaneous rate of bacterial growth dN/dt, and to the bacterial density N, throughout a fermentation at a given pH, by the expression \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\frac{{{\rm d}P}}{{{\rm d}t}} = \alpha \frac{{{\rm d}N}}{{{\rm d}t}} + \beta N$\end{document} where the constants α and β are determined by the pH of the fermentation.
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    Fermentation process kineticsPresented at the 134th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Chicago, September 1958. (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 1 (1959), S. 413-429 
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    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Information on fermentation process kinetics is potentially valuable for the improvement of batch process performance; it is essential for continuous process design. An empirical examination of rate patterns in various fermentations discloses three basic types: (1) ‘growth associated’ products arising directly from the energy metabolism of carbohydrates supplied, (2) indirect products of carbohydrate metabolism and (3) products apparently unrelated to carbohydrate oxidation. Effects of operating variables on the primary kinetic processes, growth, sugar utilization and antibiotic formation, in the penicillin process, illustrate the special nature of this type.
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    Transient and steady states in continuous fermentaion. Theory and experimentPresented in part, Division of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 128th Meeting, American Chemical Society, Minneapolis, Minnesota, September 1955, and 134th Meeting, American Chemicaly Society, Chicago, Illinois, September 1958. (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 1 (1959), S. 431-459 
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    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Steady-state and transient equations are derived for continuous-flow fermentation processes. Analytical as well as graphical methods for predicting from batch data the performance of single- or multi-stage continuous fermentations are developed. The criteria for stability are also examined. Actual experimental measurements of continuous lactic acid fermentations conducted at controlled pH levels agree with the theory developed.
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    Continuous streptomycin fermentation (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 1 (1959), S. 379-392 
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    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A pilot plant unit for continuous cultivation of hyphaeforming micro-organisms, providing for a uniform flow velocity in fermentations on suspension media with a massive growth of mycelium, is described. For the maintenance of aseptic conditions, over-pressre of air is maintained in the whole equipment. This equipment has been used for studies of the continuous biosynthesis of streptomycin. A three-stage fermentation proved the most advantageous. The first stage serves for multiplication of the inoculum; the second and third for the formation of the antibiotic. The system was maintained for 300-400 h with yields amounting to 2,000-2,500 u. of streptomycin/ml without any signs of contamination or degeneration of the growing culture.
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    Masthead (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 1 (1959) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390010101
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    Composition of a domestic sewage (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 1 (1959), S. 143-162 
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    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An analysis of the organic constituents of whole, domestic sewage was made by analysing four physically separated fractions. Settlement, centrifuging and filtration were used to obtain one liquid and three solid fractions. Concentration of the filtrate was achieved by freeze-drying with only minor changes in composition. The average concentration of organic carbon in fresh, whole domestic sewage was 310 p.p.m., of which about 70 per cent was in suspension. Eight classes of compounds were found, on analysis, to comprise about 75 per cent of the organic carbon in whole sewage and of the soluble organic carbon 80 per cent was distributed between five groups. Using chromatographic methods the concentrations of four volatile acids were determined and the presence of other acids was detected. Similarly, seven of the soluble sugars and eight present in hydrolysed suspended solids have been identified. The probable nature of some of the compounds unaccounted for is discussed.
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    Agitation effects in yeast propagation (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 1 (1959), S. 163-172 
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    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The influence of mechanical agitation in aerobic fermentations is felt mainly through increased aeration efficiency. For yeast propagations in which oxygen supply is abundant - and presumably not limiting to growth - a specific, but limited, effect of fluid agitation on growth rate has been demonstrated. The improved growth rate is attributed primarily to better mixing of the entire fluid mixture rather than to improved cell-fluid mass transfer.
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    Microbiological evaluation of peptonesPaper Presented by Saeed Kheshgi before the Fermentation Subdivision on September 11, 1957, at 132nd meeting of the American Chemical Society, held in New York City (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 1 (1959), S. 115-127 
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    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Information on a reliable method for determining the nutritive value of existing and experimental peptones is lacking in the literature. To overcome this handicap, a method for comparative evaluation of microbiological peptones has been developed.The method is based on measuring the growth of eight carefully selected, fastidious, test cultures. The cultures are grown in presence and absence of yeast extract in an inorganic basal medium containing test peptone and a low and high level of glucose.Statistical analysis of replicate peptone evaluations of six peptones, conducted over a period of six months, shows that 95 per cent confidence limits for this method are ± 2·5 to 7·9 per cent of the mean.Four criteria are employed for determining the overall performance of 12 widely used, commercial peptones.The method is very sensitive for detecting differences between batches of commercial peptones. With the aid of this method a new peptone ‘N-Z-Amine YT’ has been developed. Considering performance and relative cost, this peptone is the most economical of the peptones evaluated.
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    Problems in large-scale culture of H. pertussisThe research reported here has been made possible through the support and sponsorship of the U.S. Department of the Army, through its European Research Office. (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 1 (1959), S. 173-184 
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    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A study of factors affecting the reproducibility and yields in cultivations of H. pertussis (the whooping cough organism). The search for suitable media led to the development of a new kind of blood medium suitable for pre-cultures. Sterility of the blood additive could be ensured by filtration, and contamination on starting the freeze-dried cells was avoided by the use of a special kind of ampoule.In the course of studies of different cultivation techniques a 6,000 ml ‘pulsaerator’ was found to be ideal for the preparation of ordinary small batches. Inoculation density, aeration and other factors affecting the yield were studied and a culture cycle suitable for preparing 500 l. batches was developed.
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    The theory of scaling up laboratory data for the sedimentation type centrifuge (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 1 (1959), S. 185-205 
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    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The mathematical theory of the sedimentation type of centrifuge is developed in terms of unhindered settling of a single particle that has reached equilibrium velocity. From this is derived the sigma value for several of the different forms of sedimentation type centrifuge which is the calculated equivalent area of a settling tank theoretically capable of doing the same amount of work in a unit gravitational field. The limitations controlling the accuracy of scale up between centrifuges of similar geometry and between centrifuges of substantially different geometry are discussed.
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    Development of Streptomyces aureofaciens in submerged culture (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 1 (1959), S. 261-271 
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    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: During the biosynthetic production of chlortetracycline on a medium with sucrose, soy meal, corn steep extract, sodium chloride, ammonium sulphate, calcium carbonate and beet molasses, the amount of nucleic acids synthesized by the culture and the maximum respiration of the culture is determined by the amount of inorganic phosphate in the original medium. Chlortetracycline production does not start until all the inorganic phosphate has been consumed. The adverse influence of increased amounts of inorganic phosphate upon production of chlortetracycline is more apparent in flasks on a shaking machine than in agitated and aerated fermentation tanks with higher oxygen transfer numbers.
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    Automatic feed device for laboratory-size glass circulating evaporator (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 1 (1959), S. 297-302 
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    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A simple, rugged and compact automatic feed control attachment for the laboratory-size glass circulating evaporator has been designed and constructed. Experience has demonstrated that this apparatus operates satisfactorily with a variety of aqueous biological extracts and solutions having resistivity values of 50,000 ohm-in. or less. The device in adaptable to other evaporators and stills.
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    A method of achieving photosynthesis in a stainless steel fermentor (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 1 (1959), S. 303-309 
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    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A description of the cultivation of Rhodospirillum rubrum in 1,000 and 3,000 l. fermentors fitted with a special illumination device, and a discussion of the results.
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    Masthead (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 1 (1959) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390010401
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    Aeration-agitation studies on the novobiocin fermentation (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 1 (1959), S. 311-324 
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    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Novobiocin fermentations in 20 l. baffled fermentors were studied as a function of the size and speed of the dual four-bladed flat-blade turbines used. Power input and sulphite oxidation rate measurements were made. The courses of pH, sugar utilization, mycelial dry weight, carbon dioxide evolution and antibiotic titer were determined. Optimum antibiotic yields were achieved at a power input of 0·5 h.p./100 gal, equivalent to a sulphite oxidation rate of 110 mmoles O2/l.h, when the impeller diameters were 29 per cent or 39 per cent of the tank diameter. A power input of 0·75 h.p./100 gal, equivalent to a sulphite oxidation rate of 160 mmoles O2/l.h, was required for equivalent results with the impeller diameter 49 per cent of the tank diameter. Some explanations of the lack of equivalent results with the large impeller are discussed.
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    Distribution of bacterial cells within fibrous air sterilization filters (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 1 (1959), S. 325-334 
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    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Probability theory has been applied to the analysis of bacterial distribution within a fibrous air sterilization filter. For a long filter layer, to which the so-called ‘log-penetration’ law is no longer applicable, the probability theory is considered to be effective in interpreting the distribution data.The effects of the diameter, volume fraction and moisture content of the glass-fibre on the longitudinal distribution of bacterial cells, were studied. The distribution was estimated beyond the experimental data points. This estimation will be of use for predicting the ‘life’ of an air sterilization filter.
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    The course of bacterial population growth in batch and continuous culture according to the theory of MonodPresented at the 134th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Chicago, September 1958. (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 1 (1959), S. 349-357 
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    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The equations of Monod that describe the course of bacterial population growth and substrate concentration during continuous culturing are usually analysed with reference to steady-state conditions. These equations are analysed to give information on the course of bacterial population growth from inoculation to the achievement of a steady-state condition. For common values of certain parameters occurring in Monod's development, growth is well approximated by an exponential law (logarithmic phase) which depends on: (a) the maximum specific growth-rate constant for the organism and medium concerned, and (b) the constant dilution rate.
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    The effect of agitation on the rate of acid formation by Lactobacillus delbrueckiiAbstracted from a thesis submitted by R. E. West in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the University of Michigan, 1957. Presented before the Fermentation Subdivision of the Division of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, at the 134th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Chicago, Illinois, September 10, 1958. (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering 1 (1959), S. 335-348 
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    ISSN: 0368-1467
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effect of agitation on the rate of acid formation by the microaerophilic organism Lactobacillus delbrueckii was studied. Fermentations were conducted at constant temperature and pH, and with the continuous addition of a nutrilite source. The range of agitator speeds was from 85 to 720 rev/min.The acid formation rate was found to increase with increasing agitator speeds and decrease with decreasing speeds if corn-steep liquor was the nutrilite source. No effect of agitation was observed with yeast extract as the nutrilite source.The data from corn-steep liquor media were found to be consistent with a mass transfer mechanism, but did not warrant a conclusion as to the specific nature of the effect of agitation. It was concluded, however, that the effect of agitation on the acid formation rate was at most very small.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390010402
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    Non-stability in close binary stars (1955)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-11
    Description: Stellar evolution and instability in close binary star
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Format: text
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    FREE-FLIGHT INVESTIGATION AT TRANSONIC SPEEDS OF THE STABILITY CHARACTERISTICS OF A TAILLESS MISSILE CONFIGURATION HAVING A 45 DEG SWEPTBACK WING OF ASPECT RATIO 4 (1956)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-05-11
    Description: Free flight test of tailless missile configuration with 45-deg sweptback wing of aspect ratio 4 - stability at transonic speeds
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NACA-RM-L56E11
    Format: application/pdf
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    ATTITUDE CONTROL OF EARTH SATELLITES (1958)
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    Publication Date: 2019-05-10
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: JPL-EP-505
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