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  • 1
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    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: An essential question in ecology relies on whether to analyze functional diversity through species traits or to explore the traits' variability at the individual level. Traditionally, several studies have been based on unique values to represent species traits, assuming that intraspecific trait variation (ITV) has minimal impact on overall community trait variability. However, ITV can significantly influence assessments of individual and species adaptation to environmental disturbances, providing insights concerning density patterns, speciation, dispersal, and biological interactions. Thus, the importance of ITV was assessed from two perspectives: (i) community assembly rules and (ii) biological invasions. A dataset comprising ten morphological traits related to habitat use and diet of 5226 fishes belonging to 49 species that occupy the marginal areas of the Itaipu Reservoir (Brazil) was used as a case study. First, the relative contributions of ITV and species turnover (interspecific variability) to overall trait variability and the strength of internal and external filters on fish assemblages using individual traits were investigated. Species turnover accounted for most trait variance within assemblages, but ITV also played an important role for specific traits. Internal filters such as competition highly influence the functional diversity of fish species in an old reservoir. Alternatively, external filters (i.e., regional processes) did not present significant effects on functional traits, which may be related to their greater influence during the reservoir's filling phase. The difference between the functional niche occupied by native species and non-native ones, and the impact of non-native species dominance on the functional diversity patterns of native assemblages (indexed by functional richness, functional evenness, functional divergence, and functional redundancy) was also investigated. It was observed that the functional niche occupied by native species differs from non-native species, suggesting that non-native species have traits that enable them to exploit resources differently. Non-native species presented negative effects on the functional attributes of native fish populations, even in highly impacted environments such as reservoirs, reinforcing the importance of understanding the dynamics between native and non-native species in specific ecosystems. It is expected that the results of this study will assist in the development of public policies in the area of reservoir conservation, offering new insights into critical mechanisms associated with the biodiversity of the marginal regions of reservoirs that are exploited by human activities.
    Description: Uma questão fundamental na ecologia consiste na escolha entre analisar a diversidade funcional por meio de traços a nível de espécie ou explorar a variabilidade dentro de cada espécie, a nível de indivíduo. Tradicionalmente, a maioria dos estudos têm se baseado em valores únicos para representar os traços das espécies, assumindo que a variabilidade intraespecífica dos traços (VIT) tem um impacto mínimo na variabilidade geral dos traços em uma comunidade. No entanto, a VIT pode influenciar significativamente a adaptação das espécies a perturbações ambientais, fornecendo insights sobre padrões de densidade, especiação, dispersão e interações biológicas. Assim, a importância da VIT foi avaliada a partir de duas perspectivas: (i) regras de montagem de comunidades e (ii) invasões biológicas, utilizando como estudo de caso um conjunto de dados composto por 10 traços morfológicos relacionados ao uso de habitat e dieta de 5226 peixes pertencentes a 49 espécies que ocupam as margens do reservatório de Itaipu. Primeiro, investigou-se a contribuição relativa da VIT versus turnover de espécies (variabilidade interespecífica) para a variabilidade geral dos traços, e também quais filtros atuam sobre as assembleias de peixes utilizando dados a nível de indivíduo. O turnover de espécies representou a maior parte da variância dos traços dentro das assembleias, mas a VIT também exerceu um papel significativo, especialmente para alguns traços. Observou-se que os filtros internos, como a competição, parecem atuar sobre a diversidade funcional das espécies de peixes em um reservatório antigo. Filtros externos (ou seja, processos regionais) não apresentaram efeitos significativos, o que pode ser atribuído à sua provável maior influência durante a fase de formação do reservatório, onde mudanças ambientais ocorreram de forma mais frequente. Investigou-se também a diferença entre o nicho funcional ocupado por espécies nativas e não nativas, e o impacto da dominância de espécies não nativas sobre a riqueza, equitabilidade, divergência e redundância funcional das assembleias de peixes nativas. Observou-se que nicho funcional ocupado por espécies nativas difere das espécies não nativas, sugerindo que as espécies não nativas possuem traços que lhes permitem explorar recursos de maneira diferente. Também se demonstrou que espécies não nativas exerceram efeitos negativos nos atributos funcionais das populações de peixes nativos, mesmo em ambientes altamente impactados como os reservatórios, destacando a importância de compreender a dinâmica entre espécies nativas e não nativas dentro de ecossistemas específicos. Espera-se que os resultados deste estudo auxiliem na elaboração de políticas públicas na área da conservação de reservatórios, oferecendo novos insights sobre mecanismos críticos associados à biodiversidade das áreas marginais de reservatórios que são exploradas por atividades humanas.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Peixes de água doce ; Comunidades, Ecologia de ; Invasões biológicas ; Diversidade funcional ; Ecomorfologia ; Variabilidade intraespecífica dos traços (VIT) ; Reservatórios ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological) ; ASFA_2015::D::Dams ; ASFA_2015::B::Biodiversity ; ASFA_2015::D
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 77pp.
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: The State of the Ocean Report (StOR) has the ambition to inform policymakers about the state of the ocean and to stimulate research and policy actions towards ‘the ocean we need for the future we want’, contributing to the 2030 Agenda and in particular SDG 14, which reads ‘Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources’, as well as other global processes such as the UNFCCC, the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction. Structured around the seven UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development Outcomes, the Report provides important information about the achievements of the UN Ocean Decade and, in the longer term, about ocean well-being. The StOR will be used to inform policy and administrative priorities and identify research focus areas that need to be strengthened or developed.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Plastic pollution ; Ecosystem restoration ; Deoxygenation ; Blue carbon ecosystems ; Marine spatial planning (MSP) ; Sustainable production ; Sustainable food prduction ; Carbon dioxide ; Harmful algal blooms ; Global Ocean Observing System ; Data sharing ; ASFA_2015::P::Plastics ; ASFA_2015::A::Acidification ; ASFA_2015::G::Global warming ; ASFA_2015::C::Carbon
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report
    Format: 92pp.
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: Mangrove forests provide valuable ecosystem services to coastal communities across tropical and subtropical regions. Current anthropogenic stressors threaten these ecosystems and urge researchers to create improved monitoring methods for better environmental management. Recent efforts that have focused on automatically quantifying the above-ground biomass using image analysis have found some success on high resolution imagery of mangrove forests that have sparse vegetation. In this study, we focus on stands of mangrove forests with dense vegetation consisting of the endemic Pelliciera rhizophorae and the more widespread Rhizophora mangle mangrove species located in the remote Utría National Park in the Colombian Pacific coast. Our developed workflow used consumer-grade Unoccupied Aerial System (UAS) imagery of the mangrove forests, from which large orthophoto mosaics and digital surface models are built. We apply convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for instance segmentation to accurately delineate (33% instance average precision) individual tree canopies for the Pelliciera rhizophorae species. We also apply CNNs for semantic segmentation to accurately identify (97% precision and 87% recall) the area coverage of the Rhizophora mangle mangrove tree species as well as the area coverage of surrounding mud and water land-cover classes. We provide a novel algorithm for merging predicted instance segmentation tiles of trees to recover tree shapes and sizes in overlapping border regions of tiles. Using the automatically segmented ground areas we interpolate their height from the digital surface model to generate a digital elevation model, significantly reducing the effort for ground pixel selection. Finally, we calculate a canopy height model from the digital surface and elevation models and combine it with the inventory of Pelliciera rhizophorae trees to derive the height of each individual mangrove tree. The resulting inventory of a mangrove forest, with individual P. rhizophorae tree height information, as well as crown shape and size descriptions, enables the use of allometric equations to calculate important monitoring metrics, such as above-ground biomass and carbon stocks.
    Keywords: mangrove forests ; forest inventory ; monitoring ; habitat mapping ; UAV ; UAS ; artificial ; intelligence ; machine learning ; instance segmentation ; semantic segmentation ; above ground biomass ; carbon stock
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: Coral reefs are the most biodiverse marine ecosystems, and host a wide range of taxonomic diversity in a complex spatial community structure. Existing coral reef survey methods struggle to accurately capture the taxonomic detail within the complex spatial structure of benthic communities. We propose a workflow to leverage underwater hyperspectral image transects and two machine learning algorithms to produce dense habitat maps of 1150 m2 of reefs across the Curaçao coastline. Our multi-method workflow labelled all 500+ million pixels with one of 43 classes at taxonomic family, genus or species level for corals, algae, sponges, or to substrate labels such as sediment, turf algae and cyanobacterial mats. With low annotation effort (only 2% of pixels) and no external data, our workflow enables accurate (Fbeta of 87%) survey-scale mapping, with unprecedented thematic detail and with fine spatial resolution (2.5 cm/pixel). Our assessments of the composition and configuration of the benthic communities of 23 image transects showed high consistency. Digitizing the reef habitat and community structure enables validation and novel analysis of pattern and scale in coral reef ecology. Our dense habitat maps reveal the inadequacies of point sampling methods to accurately describe reef benthic communities.
    Keywords: coral reefs ; habitat mapping ; hyperspectral imaging ; machine learning ; survey scale mapping ; thematic detail
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: Shallow-water rhodolith beds are rare in the Mediterranean Sea and generally poorly known. The Punta de la Mona rhodolith bed extends for 16,000 square meters in shallow and oligotrophic waters at the southern coast of Spain, off Almuñecar in the Alborán Sea. We present a detailed analysis of the structure (rhodolith cover and density, rhodolith size and shape, sediment granulometry) and morphospecies composition of the bed along a depth gradient. A stratified sampling was carried out at six depths (9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 m), estimating rhodolith cover and abundance; rhodoliths were collected from one 30 by 30 cm quadrat for each transect, resulting in 18 samples and a total of 656 rhodoliths. The collected rhodoliths were measured and the coralline algal components identified morphoanatomically through a stereomicroscope and SEM. Sediment on the seafloor mainly consisted of pebbles and cobbles; the highest rhodolith cover occurred between 15 and 18 m, and the lowest at the shallowest and deepest transects (9 and 24 m). Mean Rhodolith size was similar throughout the depth range (23–35 mm) with a slight increase at 24 m, although the largest rhodoliths occurred at 21 m. In monospecific rhodoliths, size depended more on the forming species than on depth. We found 25 non-geniculate coralline morphospecies, nearly all rhodolith-forming morphospecies reported in the Mediterranean Sea in recent accounts. The highest morphospecies richness (18–19) and proportional abundance were found at intermediate depths (15–18 m), where rhodolith cover is also highest. Lithophyllum incrustans and Lithophyllum dentatum dominated at shallow depths (9–12 m), whereas Lithothamnion valens was the dominant species at intermediate and greater depths. Overall, the latter species was the most common in the rhodolith bed. The shallow-water rhodolith bed in Punta de la Mona is probably the most diverse in the Mediterranean Sea. This highlights the importance of the conservation of this habitat and, in general, emphasizes the role of the Alborán Sea as a diversity center of coralline algae. The Punta de la Mona example contradicts the common assumption in the geological literature that rhodolith beds are indicative of oligophotic environments with high nutrients levels.
    Keywords: coralline red algae ; depth-gradient patterns ; rhodolith cover and size ; rhodolith diversity ; Alboran sea
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: The data are a processed and interpolated P-Cable 3D seismic data cube. The data were collected during expedition POS515 with the research vessel POSEIDON (Riedel et al., 2017) in the Mediterranean Sea, Calabrian Arc offshore southern Italy (map under further details). Seismic source was a Generator-Injector airgun fired in harmonic GI mode with generator and injector volume of 105 cubic inches. The source was towed at a nominal depth of 2 m beneath the sea surface. We deployed a P-Cable system made from 12 parallel streamers (each 12. 5 m in length). Details on the towed geometry are given in Figure 30 of the cruise report (Riedel et al., 2017). The P-Cable data were acquired over the course of 6 days during POS515 starting from 13:45 on July 5, 2017 until 12:06 on July11, 2017 (all CET). Processing included: 3D geometry application, trace editing, static time corrections, band-pass filtering, sorting to common midpoint gathers, normal moveout correction (1520 m/s velocity ), and stacking. The stacked 3D cube was then interpolated to fill any empty bins. Afterwards, Stolt time migration (1550 m/s) was performed, first inline, then crossline direction. The dataset has a horizontal resolution of 3.125 m (bin size) and a dominant frequency of ~100 Hz.
    Keywords: 3D seismic P-Cable data; Binary Object; Binary Object (File Size); Binary Object (MD5 Hash); Binary Object (Media Type); CALVADOS; File content; P-Cable; P-Cable 3D Seismic; P-Cable 3D seismic cube; POS515; POS515_59-2; Poseidon; Sartori mud volcano
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 2 data points
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: The data set contains 13 2D multichannel seismic lines acquired across Poseidon mud volcano chain, Caalbrian Arc, offshore southern Italy. Data were processed onboard during expedition POS515 with R/V POSEIDON. These lines were also recorded on 12 OBS. Details see cruise report (Riedel et al., 2017). Main processing steps include: Geometry definition, Common-Mid-(CMP) Point sorting (1.5625 m bin-space), Normal-Moveout-Corrention (NMO) using a constant velocity of 1500 m/s and Stacking Stolt-Migration (in time) with constant velocity of 1500 m/s. Data processing was completed onboard using the SU processing package. Seismic Surveying at Poseidon mudvlcano started with line P4001 on July 3, 2017 (08:22 am, CET) at 17°40.12'E, 38°21.58N. The last line acquired in this sequence is line P6010. Surveying ended on July 5, 2017 at 04:00 am (CET) at 17°43.12'E, 38°18.96'N.
    Keywords: Binary Object; Binary Object (File Size); Binary Object (MD5 Hash); Binary Object (Media Type); Calabrian accretionary prism; CALVADOS; File content; Mediterranean Sea, Eastern Basin; multichannel reflection seismics; POS515; POS515_45-1; POS515_46-1; Poseidon; SEIS; Seismic; Seismic reflection profile; SEISREFL
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 26 data points
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: Data presented here were collected between January 2022 to November 2022 within the research unit DynaCom (Spatial community ecology in highly dynamic landscapes: From island biogeography to metaecosystems) of the Universities of Oldenburg, Göttingen, and Münster, the iDiv Leipzig and the Nationalpark Niedersächsisches Wattenmeer. Experimental islands and saltmarsh enclosed plots were created in the back barrier tidal flat and in the saltmarsh zone of the island of Spiekeroog. Sediment samples for the determination of pH, water content and loss on ignition were taken bi-/monthly in surface sediments (0-3 cm depth) from the experimental plots. Samples were stored dark and cool (8°C) until measurement. Samples were measured in the laboratory within two months after sampling. Water content (w, [-]) was determined by first weighing the fresh sample (mf; ~ 3-7 g) in pre-weighed aluminium trays and than placed in the drying chamber at 105 °C for 12 hours. After placing samples in the exsiccator for 60 min., samples were re-weight to determine dry weight (md). Water content was calculated using w = (mf - md) / md . Afterwards, samples were placed in the muffle furnace for 2 hours at 430 °C within their aluminium trays, and placed again in the exsiccator for 60 min. Samples were re-weighed to determine the new dry weight (mgl) to calculate loss on ignition (LOI, [%]) using LOI = ((md – mgl) / md ) * 100 . Values of pH were measured according to DIN ISO 10390. Therefore, soil samples were weighed in pre-weighed Falcon™ 50 mL conical centrifuge tubes. Sediment samples were homogenized using a pestle. Ultrapure water was used to measure pH directly within the tubes using a HQ40D digital two channel multi meter and an Intellical PHC101 field low maintenance gel filled pH electrode (Hach Lange GmbH, Germany). The pH electrode was calibrated before measurement using singlet pH buffer sets (pH 4.01, 7.00, 10.01) for single use (Hach Lange GmbH, Germany). Post-processing of measured values were done using MATLAB (R2018a). Quality control was performed by (a) visually checks, and hence (b) the classification into quality control flags using quality check algorithms.
    Keywords: BEFmate; BEFmate_C1low; BEFmate_C1pio; BEFmate_C1upp; BEFmate_C2low; BEFmate_C2pio; BEFmate_C2upp; BEFmate_C3low; BEFmate_C3pio; BEFmate_C3upp; BEFmate_C4low; BEFmate_C4pio; BEFmate_C4upp; BEFmate_C5low; BEFmate_C5pio; BEFmate_C5upp; BEFmate_C6low; BEFmate_C6pio; BEFmate_C6upp; BEFmate_I10low; BEFmate_I10pio; BEFmate_I10upp; BEFmate_I11low; BEFmate_I11pio; BEFmate_I11upp; BEFmate_I12low; BEFmate_I12pio; BEFmate_I12upp; BEFmate_I1low; BEFmate_I1pio; BEFmate_I1upp; BEFmate_I2low; BEFmate_I2pio; BEFmate_I2upp; BEFmate_I3low; BEFmate_I3pio; BEFmate_I3upp; BEFmate_I4low; BEFmate_I4pio; BEFmate_I4upp; BEFmate_I5low; BEFmate_I5pio; BEFmate_I5upp; BEFmate_I6low; BEFmate_I6pio; BEFmate_I6upp; BEFmate_I7low; BEFmate_I7pio; BEFmate_I7upp; BEFmate_I8low; BEFmate_I8pio; BEFmate_I8upp; BEFmate_I9low; BEFmate_I9pio; BEFmate_I9upp; BEFmate_S10low; BEFmate_S10pio; BEFmate_S10upp; BEFmate_S11low; BEFmate_S11pio; BEFmate_S11upp; BEFmate_S12low; BEFmate_S12pio; BEFmate_S12upp; BEFmate_S1low; BEFmate_S1pio; BEFmate_S1upp; BEFmate_S2low; BEFmate_S2pio; BEFmate_S2upp; BEFmate_S3low; BEFmate_S3pio; BEFmate_S3upp; BEFmate_S4low; BEFmate_S4pio; BEFmate_S4upp; BEFmate_S5low; BEFmate_S5pio; BEFmate_S5upp; BEFmate_S6low; BEFmate_S6pio; BEFmate_S6upp; BEFmate_S7low; BEFmate_S7pio; BEFmate_S7upp; BEFmate_S8low; BEFmate_S8pio; BEFmate_S8upp; BEFmate_S9low; BEFmate_S9pio; BEFmate_S9upp; BEFmate_Watt; biodiversity - ecosystem functioning; Calculated; DATE/TIME; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Depth, sediment/rock, bottom/maximum; Depth, sediment/rock, top/minimum; DynaCom; ELEVATION; Event label; experimental islands; FOR 2716: Spatial community ecology in highly dynamic landscapes: from island biogeography to metaecosystems; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; loss on ignition; Loss on ignition; Metacommunity; MULT; Multiple investigations; off Spiekeroog, German Bight, North Sea; pH; Plot; Portable 2-channel multimeter, Hach, HQ40D; Quality flag, loss on ignition; Quality flag, pH; Quality flag, water content; salt marsh; Sample ID; Sampling date; SCO; Spiekeroog; Spiekeroog Coastal Observatory; water content; Water content, relative
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 11310 data points
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Keywords: AGE; Aluminium/Calcium ratio; Barium/Calcium ratio; Cueva Larga, Puerto Rico; DISTANCE; Isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS) with a GasBench; LA-ICP-MS, Laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer; Magnesium/Calcium ratio; Phosphorus/Calcium ratio; PR-LA-1; Sample ID; speleothem; Speleothem sample; SPS; Stable isotopes; Strontium/Calcium ratio; Thorium/Calcium ratio; trace elements; Uranium/Calcium ratio; δ13C, carbonate; δ18O, carbonate
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 20317 data points
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