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  • ddc:550  (95)
  • Deutschland
  • Fisheries
  • General Chemistry
  • 2020-2023  (128)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2022-04-04
    Description: Observations in polar regions show that sea ice deformations are often narrow linear features. These long bands of deformations are referred to as Linear Kinematic Features (LKFs). Viscous‐plastic sea ice models have the capability to simulate LKFs and more generally sea ice deformations. Moreover, viscous‐plastic models simulate a larger number and more refined LKFs as the spatial resolution is increased. Besides grid spacing, other aspects of a numerical implementation, such as the placement of velocities and the associated degrees of freedom, may impact the formation of simulated LKFs. To explore these effects this study compares numerical solutions of sea ice models with different velocity staggering in a benchmark problem. Discretizations based on A‐,B‐, and C‐grid systems on quadrilateral meshes have similar resolution properties as an approximation with an A‐grid staggering on triangular grids (with the same total number of vertices). CD‐grid approximations with a given grid spacing have properties, specifically the number and length of simulated LKFs, that are qualitatively similar to approximations on conventional Arakawa A‐grid, B‐grid, and C‐grid approaches with half the grid spacing or less, making the CD‐discretization more efficient with respect to grid resolution. One reason for this behavior is the fact that the CD‐grid approach has a higher number of degrees of freedom to discretize the velocity field. The higher effective resolution of the CD‐discretization makes it an attractive alternative to conventional discretizations.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Sea ice in the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans plays an important role in the exchange of heat and freshwater between the atmosphere and the ocean and hence in the climate in general. Satellite observations of polar regions show that the ice drift sometimes produces long features that are either cracks (leads) and zones of thicker sea ice (pressure ridges). This phenomenon is called deformation. It is mathematically described by the non‐uniform way in which the ice moves. For numerical models of sea ice motion it is difficult to represent this deformation accurately. Details of the numerics may affect the way these models simulate leads and ridges, their number and length. Specifically, we find by comparing different numerical models, that the way the model variables are ordered on a computational grid to solve the mathematical equations of sea ice motion has an effect of how many deformation features can be represented on a grid with a given spacing between grid points. A new discretization (ordering of model variables) turns out to resolve more details of the approximated field than traditional methods.
    Description: Key Points: The placement of the sea ice velocity has a mayor influence on the number of simulated linear kinematic features (LKFs). The CD‐grid resolves twice as many LKFs compared to A, B, C‐grids. A, B, C‐grids on quadrilateral meshes resolve a similar number of LKFs as A‐grids on triangular meshes (with the same total number of nodes).
    Keywords: ddc:550 ; ddc:551.343
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2022-04-01
    Description: Porosity is one of the key properties of fluvial sediments. It is defined as the ratio of pore volume to total volume. In river science, porosity is often assumed to be spatially constant, which might be a gross simplification of reality. Ignoring the spatial variations in porosity can cause errors in morphological, ecological, hydrological, hydrogeological and sedimentological applications. Although detailed information about spatial porosity variations can be obtained from porosity measurements at field sites, such information has never been collected where these variations might be important. In this study, field porosity measurements were carried out to quantify the magnitude of the spatial porosity variation for four different sedimentological environments of a braided river: a confluence, a tributary delta, a braid bar and a secondary channel. A nuclear density gauge was used for the measurement of porosity. The nuclear density gauge proved to be a time‐saving and labour‐saving technique that produces accurate porosity values with a root mean square error of 0.03. The four sedimentological environments showed significant differences in porosity, with mean porosity being lower for confluence and bar than for delta and secondary channel. Semi‐variogram analysis showed the absence of any spatial correlation in porosity for distances beyond 4 m. This shows that distance cannot be used as a parameter for porosity extrapolation in a fluvial system unless the extrapolation distance is less than 4 m. At least eight measurements of porosity are required to obtain a reliable estimate of mean porosity in a sedimentary environment, i.e. with uncertainty 〈0.03. Although grain size characteristics were found to have a significant impact on porosity, the relationships between these parameters and porosity were not very strong in this study. The unique porosity dataset, presented in this article, provides a valuable source of information for researchers and river managers.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
    Keywords: ddc:550
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2022-03-31
    Description: Mixed sand‐ and gravel‐bed rivers record erosion, transport, and fining signals in their bedload size distributions. Thus, grain‐size data are imperative for studying these processes. However, collecting hundreds to thousands of pebble measurements in steep and dynamic high‐mountain river settings remains challenging. Using the recently published digital grain‐sizing algorithm PebbleCounts, we were able to survey seven large (≥ 1,000 m2) channel cross‐sections and measure thousands to tens‐of‐thousands of grains per survey along a 100‐km stretch of the trunk stream of the Toro Basin in Northwest Argentina. The study region traverses a steep topographic and environmental gradient on the eastern margin of the Central Andean Plateau. Careful counting and validation allows us to identify measurement errors and constrain percentile uncertainties using large sample sizes. In the coarse ≥2.5 cm fraction of bedload, only the uppermost size percentiles (≥95th) vary significantly downstream, whereas the 50th and 84th percentiles show less variability. We note a relation between increases in these upper percentiles and along‐channel junctions with large, steep tributaries. This signal is strongly influenced by lithology and geologic structures, and mixed with local hillslope input. In steep catchments like the Toro Basin, we suggest nonlinear relationships between geomorphic metrics and grain size, whereby the steepest parts of the landscape exert primary control on the upper grain‐size percentiles. Thus, average or median metrics that do not apply weights or thresholds to steeper topography may be less predictive of grain‐size distributions in such settings.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Rock fragments on hillsides are transported to rivers, eventually becoming pebbles, sand, and mud as they are carried downstream by flowing water. The initial size of the pebbles, the way the size changes downstream, and the overprinting of the sizes with new pebbles from other hills and tributaries all form a complex process that can be difficult to disentangle. Yet studying the size of the pebbles at a given stream location or in a sedimentary deposit can provide insights into the conditions of their transport in terms of local upstream patterns of erosion, tectonics, and climate. We show that just looking at the size of the large pebbles on a riverbed can be used to infer the sources of material, but, since there are fewer large pebbles, they require more measurements to quantify. This necessitates new methods for pebble measurement using modern image‐processing tools.
    Description: Key Points: Complex grain‐size distributions in dynamic mountain rivers can be computed via thousands of measurements from PebbleCounts. Many measurements allow robust estimation of higher percentiles and we observe the most significant changes in the ≥95th percentile. Downstream grain‐size variation is nonlinearly related to variations in topographic steepness and lithology.
    Description: Deutsches Zentrum für Luft‐ und Raumfahrt (DLR) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002946
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
    Description: Brandenburger Staatsministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kultur (MWFK) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004581
    Description: https://zenodo.org/record/5089789
    Keywords: ddc:551.3 ; ddc:550
    Language: English
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2022-03-29
    Description: A reanalysis is a physically consistent set of optimally merged simulated model states and historical observational data, using data assimilation. High computational costs for modeled processes and assimilation algorithms has led to Earth system specific reanalysis products for the atmosphere, the ocean and the land separately. Recent developments include the advanced uncertainty quantification and the generation of biogeochemical reanalysis for land and ocean. Here, we review atmospheric and oceanic reanalyzes, and more in detail biogeochemical ocean and terrestrial reanalyzes. In particular, we identify land surface, hydrologic and carbon cycle reanalyzes which are nowadays produced in targeted projects for very specific purposes. Although a future joint reanalysis of land surface, hydrologic, and carbon processes represents an analysis of important ecosystem variables, biotic ecosystem variables are assimilated only to a very limited extent. Continuous data sets of ecosystem variables are needed to explore biotic‐abiotic interactions and the response of ecosystems to global change. Based on the review of existing achievements, we identify five major steps required to develop terrestrial ecosystem reanalysis to deliver continuous data streams on ecosystem dynamics.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: A reanalysis is a unique set of continuous variables produced by optimally merging a numerical model and observed data. The data are merged with the model using available uncertainty estimates to generate the best possible estimate of the target variables. The framework for generating a reanalysis consists of the model, the data, and the model‐data‐fusion algorithm. The very specific requirements of reanalysis frameworks have led to the development of Earth‐compartment specific reanalysis for the atmosphere, the ocean and land. Here, we review atmospheric and oceanic reanalyzes, and in more detail biogeochemical ocean and terrestrial reanalyzes. In particular, we identify land surface, hydrologic, and carbon cycle reanalyzes which are nowadays produced in targeted projects for very specific purposes. Based on a review of existing achievements, we identify five major steps required to develop reanalysis for terrestrial ecosystem to shed more light on biotic and abiotic interactions. In the future, terrestrial ecosystem reanalysis will deliver continuous data streams on the state and the development of terrestrial ecosystems.
    Description: Key Points: Reanalyzes provide decades‐long model‐data‐driven harmonized and continuous data sets for new scientific discoveries. Novel global scale reanalyzes quantify the biogeochemical ocean cycle, terrestrial carbon cycle, land surface, and hydrologic processes. New observation technology and modeling capabilities allow in the near future production of advanced terrestrial ecosystem reanalysis.
    Description: European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
    Description: U.S. Department of Energy
    Description: Emory University's Halle Institute for Global Research and the Halle Foundation Collaborative Research
    Description: NSF
    Description: NASA
    Description: Natural Environment Research Council
    Description: European Union'’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme
    Description: NSERC Discovery program, the Ocean Frontier Institute, and MEOPAR
    Description: Research Foundation Flanders (FWO)
    Description: Helmholtz Association
    Description: NASA Terrestrial Ecosystems
    Keywords: ddc:550
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    The International Collective in Support of Fishworkers (ICSF) | India
    Publication Date: 2022-02-21
    Description: Yemaya No. 63, dated May 2021, features articles from US, The Netherlands, Myanmar, Senegal, and an article on women in fisheries and human rights. The article from the US by Linda Behnken argues that a growing coalition of small-scale, community-based fishers is calling for the recognition and protection of Alaska’s invaluable coastal fisheries during COVID-19. The article from the Netherlands by Cornelie Quist looks at the challenges facing women engaged in small-scale fishing and supplying fish through retailers and how they found new ways to directly reach consumers. The conversation between Miranda Bout and Cornelie Quist focuses on how they combined new product development with the use of social media to contact their customer base during the pandemic-induced disruption of traditional marketing chains. The article by Elena Finkbeiner, Juno Fitzpatrick and Whitney Yadao-Evans looks at recent media revelations and scientific research that have brought increased attention to human-rights violations and the myriad social issues facing fisheries, but with a disproportionate focus on labour-rights violations at sea and in industrial fishing operations. The systemic inequalities combined with the effects of COVID-19 exacerbated vulnerabilities of women to health risks, food and livelihood security. The article from Senegal by Aby Dia from Lumière Synergie pour le Développement (LSD), in collaboration with WoMin African Alliance, South Africa, narrates the story of traditional women fish processors from the Bargny who have been, for more than a decade, struggling against development projects that jeopardise their environment, health and livelihoods. In order to preserve their livelihoods, women processors in Senegal have come together to oppose the Tosyali steel project. The European Network of Women in Fisheries and Aquaculture in Europe (AKTEA) urges the Office of the Commissioner for the Environment, Oceans and Fisheries to integrate gender into all aspects of European fishing policy. The Profile column looks at how Linda Behnken became a fisher in Alaska and how fishing has shaped her individuality and work. Natalie Sattler says that fishing for halibut, sablefish and salmon from the sparkling waters of the Pacific along with her children and at the same time passion for working with the Alaska Longline Fishermen’s Association and the Alaska Sustainable Fisheries Trust is an immense challenge.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Fishing Communities ; Women in fisheries ; Gender ; Small-scale fisheries ; Aquaculture ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book/Monograph/Conference Proceedings
    Format: 12p.
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2022-06-26
    Description: Efficient compositional models are required to simulate underground gas storage in porous formations where, for example, gas quality (such as purity) and loss of gas due to dissolution are of interest. We first extend the concept of vertical equilibrium (VE) to compositional flow, and derive a compositional VE model by vertical integration. Second, we present a hybrid model that couples the efficient compositional VE model to a compositional full‐dimensional model. Subdomains, where the compositional VE model is valid, are identified during simulation based on a VE criterion that compares the vertical profiles of relative permeability at equilibrium to the ones simulated by the full‐dimensional model. We demonstrate the applicability of the hybrid model by simulating hydrogen storage in a radially symmetric, heterogeneous porous aquifer. The hybrid model shows excellent adaptivity over space and time for different permeability values in the heterogeneous region, and compares well to the full‐dimensional model while being computationally efficient, resulting in a runtime of roughly one‐third of the full‐dimensional model. Based on the results, we assume that for larger simulation scales, the efficiency of this new model will increase even more.
    Description: Key Points: A compositional vertical equilibrium model is coupled to its full‐dimensional counterpart. A criterion is developed to adaptively identify and assign regions where the vertical equilibrium model is applicable during simulation. A test case of hydrogen storage in a heterogeneous porous aquifer demonstrates efficiency and accuracy of the hybrid model.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: https://git.iws.uni-stuttgart.de/dumux-pub/Becker2021b.git
    Keywords: ddc:551.49 ; ddc:550
    Language: English
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2022-06-22
    Description: Basal melting of marine‐terminating glaciers, through its impact on the forces that control the flow of the glaciers, is one of the major factors determining sea level rise in a world of global warming. Detailed quantitative understanding of dynamic and thermodynamic processes in melt‐water plumes underneath the ice‐ocean interface is essential for calculating the subglacial melt rate. The aim of this study is therefore to develop a numerical model of high spatial and process resolution to consistently reproduce the transports of heat and salt from the ambient water across the plume into the glacial ice. Based on boundary layer relations for momentum and tracers, stationary analytical solutions for the vertical structure of subglacial non‐rotational plumes are derived, including entrainment at the plume base. These solutions are used to develop and test convergent numerical formulations for the momentum and tracer fluxes across the ice‐ocean interface. After implementation of these formulations into a water‐column model coupled to a second‐moment turbulence closure model, simulations of a transient rotational subglacial plume are performed. The simulated entrainment rate of ambient water entering the plume at its base is compared to existing entrainment parameterizations based on bulk properties of the plume. A sensitivity study with variations of interfacial slope, interfacial roughness and ambient water temperature reveals substantial performance differences between these bulk formulations. An existing entrainment parameterization based on the Froude number and the Ekman number proves to have the highest predictive skill. Recalibration to subglacial plumes using a variable drag coefficient further improves its performance.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: In a world of global warming, the melting of glaciers terminating as floating ice tongues into the oceans of Arctic and Antarctic regions allows those glaciers to flow faster and hence to make a considerable contribution to global mean sea‐level rise. Underneath the ice‐ocean interface, turbulent currents of the order of 10 m thickness (so‐called plumes) develop that transport the melt water from the grounding line where the glacier enters the ocean toward the calving front that marks the seaward end of the glacier. At its base, ambient relatively warm and salty ocean water is mixed into the plumes and is vertically transported toward the ice‐ocean interface, where the melting is increased due to the additional heat supply. Understanding these processes is essential for their incorporation into computer models for the prediction of such melt processes. In this study, an accurate simulation model for the water column is constructed that is able to consistently reproduce these processes. The algorithms developed here are proven to provide reliable results also for models with only a few grid points across the plume and can therefore be implemented into climate models with surface‐following coordinates to more accurately simulate future scenarios of sea level rise.
    Description: Key Points: A vertically resolving model with second‐moment turbulence closure has been constructed for subglacial plumes. Convergent numerical formulations for the ocean‐to‐ice fluxes of momentum, freshwater and heat have been derived from an analytical model. Model results are consistent with bulk parameterizations for the entrainment of ambient water.
    Description: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6203838
    Keywords: ddc:550
    Language: English
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2022-06-28
    Description: Las pesquerías basadas en las agregaciones reproductivas pueden amenazar a especies como los pargos que tienen conductas gregarias durante el período reproductivo. Esta nota ofrece elementos que sugieren la existencia de sitios de agregación no registrados previamente y no protegidos en el Parque Nacional Cayos de San Felipe (PNCSF), región suroccidental de Cuba. La información tradicional obtenida de pescadores locales y trabajadores del parque se corroboró con muestreos cualitativos y cuantitativos de peces de arrecifes y datos de pesquerías locales del 2014. En la época de reproducción de pargos (mayo a julio) se observaron grupos de entre 40-100 ejemplares de Lutjanus cyanopterus, Lutjanus synagris y Lutjanus jocu en los arrecifes de la zona occidental del PNCSF (camellones entre 15-30 m de profundidad cerca del borde de la plataforma). Dentro de esa área, se señalan dos sitios que parecen ser utilizados para agregaciones de predesove, por lo que requieren protección y ser estudiados. Los censos cuantitativos confirmaron que en mayo y junio la zona occidental tiene densidad alta de pargos adultos. También, el pico de captura de estas especies ocurrió en la época reproductiva. Se comprobó que las pesquerías se realizaron durante las migraciones de peces hacia el borde de la plataforma en áreas de la zona occidental del PNCSF, y que más del 60% de los individuos tuvieron gónadas maduras (antes de desovar). Esta información debe incentivar el estudio de las agregaciones de desove en esta región de Cuba, la protección de especies amenazadas y áreas de alta significación ecológica y la implementación de pesquerías sostenibles.
    Description: Fisheries based on reproductive aggregations can threaten species such as snappers that have gregarious behavior during the reproductive period. This note provides evidence to support the existence of aggregation sites, not previously registered and unprotected, in the National Park San Felipe Keys (NPSFK), southwestern region of Cuba. Traditionalinformation obtained from local fishermen and from the park staff was complemented with qualitative and quantitative fish reef censuses and local fisheries data in 2014. In the reproductive season of snappers (May to July) groups of between 40-100 specimens of Lutjanus cyanopterus, Lutja- nus synagris and Lutjanus jocu were observed in the western area of the NPSFK on the reefs (spoor and grove between 20-30 m deep close to the platform edge). Within that area two sites are indicated that can be used for prespawning aggregation, so they require protection and study. Quanti- tative censuses confirmed that in May and June the western zone has high density of adult snappers. Also, the peak of capture of these snapper species occurred in the reproduc- tive season. It was found that fisheries carried out during fish migrations to the edge of the shelf in areas of the western area of the NPSFK and more than 60% of the individuals had mature gonads (before spawning). This information should promote the study of spawning aggregations in this region of Cuba, the protection of threatened species and areas of high ecological significance and the implementation of sustainable fisheries.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Región suroccidental de Cuba ; Desove ; Pesquerías ; Migration routes ; Spawning ; Fisheries ; Rutas migraciones
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: pp.54-65
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2022-09-14
    Description: The ICES Workshop on ICES reference points (WKREF2) was tasked review the WKREF1 report and based on the outcome develop updated guidelines for the ICES reference points system and recommendations for ACOM consideration. The WKREF1 report has suggested 5 key recom- mendations to simplify and harmonise the ICES reference points framework representing a ma- jor change to the current guidelines. At WKREF2, we detailed discussions and four key concerns were raised about the proposed approach. The first related to the simplification of rules to define Blim. Around two thirds of category 1 stocks would end up as WKREF1 “Blim Type 2” where Blim would be set as a fraction of B0. The Allee effect or “depensation” maybe more important than previously thought and should be furthered explored for ICES stocks since it has important consequences for Blim. A number of challenges and issues around defining Blim using the current guidelines were documented. Some suggestions on improvement criteria were discussed including using classifiers to define spas- modic stocks and using change point algorithms to address non-stationary productivity regimes. However, further work is need to make these approaches operational and there was no consen- sus that the WKREF1 Blim types should replace the current guidelines. WKREF1 recommended that the FMSY proxy should be based on a biological proxies and should be less than the deterministic FMSY. It was pointed out that the stochastic FMSY estimated in EqSim for example, is lower than the deterministic FMSY and that the current guidelines ensure that the FMSY should not pose a more than 5% risk to Blim. A large amount of work described in WD 1 was carried out to develop an MSE framework to consistency and robustness test a candidate refer- ence point system for North East Atlantic stocks. However, WKREF2 recommended that further work needs to be carried out to condition and test the simulation framework before the conclu- sions could be adopted by ICES and incorporated into the guidelines. A number of considerations for defining MSY related reference points were discussed including using model validation and prediction skill to ensure that ICES provide robust and credible ad- vice. There is evidence that density dependence (DD) is important in the majority of ICES stocks (68% in recruitment and 54% in growth). The correct prediction of the shape and strength of density-dependence in productivity is key to predicting future stock development and providing the best possible long-term fisheries management advice. A suggested approach to use surplus production models (SPMs) to account for DD in FMSY was suggested and discussed but there was no consensus on whether that approach was appropriate. There was consensus that the FECO approach as a means of adapting target fishing mortality to medium-term changes in productiv- ity should be included in the guidelines subject to a benchmark and ACOM approval. While WKREF1 and 2 focused mainly on Category 1 stocks ToR c) called for a “simplified and harmonised set of guidelines for estimating MSY and precautionary reference points applicable in the advice framework across various ICES stock categories.” Ideally the ICES assessment cat- egories should provide equivalent risk across all stocks. This issue was discussed but no recom- mendations emerged. There was no consensus a revised reference point framework was proposed at WKREF2. How- ever, it was agreed that it should be presented here for further discussion at ACOM and other fora. The key feature of the suggested approach is that the stock status evaluation is treated in- dependent of the Advice Rule (AR). The main feature of the system is that the biomass trigger is not linked to a stock status evaluation, it is linked to the expected biomass when fishing at the target fishing mortality, in contrast to the current ICES approach. It also entailed that FMSY would also become an upper limit of fishing mortality and that the advised fishing mortality would be set at or lower than that level. WKREF2 did not discuss what to do in situations where SSB〈 Blim or alternative forms of HCR for the advice rule. Building community understanding and con- sensus around simplified and harmonised guidelines has yet to be achieved. A further workshop WKREF3 will be required to achieve that aim. The report includes 6 recommendations for ACOM consideration.
    Description: ICES
    Description: The main objective of the workshop was to review the recommendations of WKREF1 and con- sider how these might feed into a new reference points framework and guidelines for ICES. There were a number of presentations on the wider issues of best practice for reference points, the Allee effect, density dependence and the WKIRISH approach. The starting point was to try and develop a set of simplified and harmonised guidelines based on the WKREF1 report rather than evolving the current guidelines to include the WKREF1 conclusions. A key aspect of the meeting was to allow for discussions in order to build a shared understanding of the strengths and weakness of the current framework and of the new framework emerging from WKREF1.
    Description: Published
    Description: Non Refereed
    Keywords: ICES ; Reference points ; Management advice ; Fisheries ; Fishery management reference points
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report
    Format: 103pp
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  • 10
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    ARGE GMIT, Bonn
    Publication Date: 2022-09-14
    Description: Die Ausgabe der Geowissenschaftlichen Mitteilungen vom September 2022 enthält die Themenblöcke: GEOfokus: Rohstoffe für die deutsche Energiewende, GEOaktiv (Wirtschaft, Beruf, Forschung und Lehre), GEOlobby (Gesellschaften, Verbände, Institutionen), GEOreport (Geowissenschaftliche Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, Tagungsberichte, Ausstellungen, Exkursionen, Publikationen), GEOszene (Würdigungen, Nachrufe).
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Description: journal
    Keywords: ddc:550
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:book , publishedVersion
    Format: 100
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2022-10-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Dowd, S., Chapman, M., Koehn, L., & Hoagland, P. The economic tradeoffs and ecological impacts associated with a potential mesopelagic fishery in the California Current. Ecological Applications, 32(4), (2022): e2578, https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2578.
    Description: The ocean's mesopelagic zone (200–1000 m) remains one of the most understudied parts of the ocean despite knowledge that mesopelagic fishes are highly abundant. Apex predators from the surface waters are known to consume these fishes, constituting an important ecological interaction. Some countries have begun exploring the potential harvest of mesopelagic fishes to supply fishmeal and fish oil markets due to the high fish abundance in the mesopelagic zone compared with overfished surface waters. This study explored the economic and ecological implications of a moratorium on the harvest of mesopelagic fishes such as lanternfish off the US West Coast, one of the few areas where such resources are managed. We adapted a bioeconomic decision model to examine the tradeoffs between the values gained from a hypothetical mesopelagic fishery with the potential values lost from declines in predators of mesopelagic fishes facing a reduced prey resource. The economic rationale for a moratorium on harvesting mesopelagics was sensitive both to ecological relationships and the scale of the nonmarket values attributed to noncommercial predators. Using a California Current-based ecological simulation model, we found that most modeled predators of mesopelagic fishes increased in biomass even under high mesopelagic harvest rates, but the changes (either increases or decreases) were small, with relatively few predators responding with more than a 10% change in their biomass. While the ecological simulations implied that a commercial mesopelagic fishery might not have large biomass impacts for many species in the California Current system, there is still a need to further explore the various roles of the mesopelagic zone in the ocean.
    Description: Sally Dowd acknowledges sponsorship from the WHOI Summer Student Fellowship and the Rausser College of Natural Resources Honors Program at UC Berkeley. This project would not have been possible without the guidance provided by Kama Thieler and Carl Boettiger. Porter Hoagland acknowledges funding from the Audacious Project, a collaborative endeavor, housed at TED and the J. Seward Johnson Fund in support of the Marine Policy Center at WHOI.
    Keywords: Bioeconomic model ; Fisheries ; Mesopelagic fishes ; Moratorium ; Nonmarket value ; Predators ; Rpath ; Willingness-to-pay values
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2022-10-17
    Description: Hydrogen is a promising alternative to carbon based energy carriers and may be stored in large quantities in subsurface storage deposits. This work assesses the impact of static (density and phase equilibria) and dynamic (viscosity and diffusion coefficients) properties on the pressure field during the injection and extraction of hydrogen in the porous subsurface. In a first step, we derive transport properties for water, hydrogen and their mixture using the Perturbed‐Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory equation of state in combination with an entropy scaling approach and compare model predictions to alternative models from the literature. Our model compares excellently to experimental transport coefficients and models from literature with a higher number of adjustable parameters, such as GERG2008, and shows a clear improvement over empirical correlations for transport coefficients of hydrogen. In a second step, we determine the effect of further model reduction by comparing our against a much simpler model applying empirical transport coefficients from the literature. For this purpose, hydrogen is periodically injected into and extracted out of a dome‐shaped porous aquifer under a caprock. Our results show that density and viscosity of hydrogen have the highest impact on the pressure field, and that a thermodynamic model like the new model presented here is essential for modeling the storage aquifer, while keeping the number of coefficients at a minimum. In diffusion‐dominated settings such as the diffusion of hydrogen through the caprock, our developed diffusion coefficients show a much improved dependence on temperature and pressure, leading to a more accurate approximation of the diffusive fluxes.
    Description: Key Points: We model the phase behavior of pure hydrogen and the binary hydrogen‐water mixture using the Perturbed‐Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory equation of state. New entropy scaling relations for the transport properties of hydrogen and water and diffusion coefficients of their mixture are derived. The impact of the newly derived fluid properties is analyzed for a scenario of hydrogen storage in a porous aquifer.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: https://git.iws.uni-stuttgart.de/dumux-pub/sauerborn2020a
    Keywords: ddc:550
    Language: English
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2022-10-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Kourantidou, M., Hoagland, P., Dale, A., & Bailey, M. Equitable allocations in northern fisheries: bridging the divide for Labrador Inuit. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8, (2021): 590213, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.590213.
    Description: Canada has undertaken commitments to recognize the rights of Indigenous Peoples in fisheries through policies and agreements, including Integrated Fishery Management Plans, the Reconciliation Strategy, and Land Claim Agreements (LCAs). In addition to recognizing rights, these commitments were intended to respect geographic adjacency principles, to enhance the economic viability of Indigenous communities, and to be reflective of community dependence on marine resources. We examined the determinants of quota allocations in commercial fisheries involving Nunatsiavut, Northern Labrador, the first self-governing region for the Inuit peoples in Canada. It has been argued that current fishery allocations for Nunatsiavut Inuit have not satisfied federal commitments to recognize Indigenous rights. Indicators that measure equity in commercial allocations for the turbot or Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) and northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) fisheries were identified and assessed. In these two cases, historical allocations continue to predominate for allocations based upon equity or other social or economic considerations. We illustrate equity-enhancing changes in the quota distribution under scenarios of different levels of inequality aversion, and we make qualitative assessments of the effects of these allocations to Nunatsiavut for socioeconomic welfare. This approach could benefit fisheries governance in Northern Labrador, where federal commitments to equity objectives continue to be endorsed but have not yet been integrated fully into quota allocations.
    Description: This research was undertaken with funding from the Canada First Research Excellence Fund through the Ocean Frontier Institute (MK and MB) and the Johnson Endowment of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution’s (WHOI) Marine Policy Center (PH).
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Allocations ; Equity ; Indigenous rights ; Access
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2022-05-27
    Description: Buesseler, K., Jin, D., Kourantidou, M., Levin, D., Ramakrishna, K., Renaud, P., Ausubel, J., Baltes, K., Gjerde, K., Holland, M., Kostel, K., LaCapra, V., Martin, A., Sosik, H., Thorrold, S., Tierney, T., Joyce, K., Renier, N., Taylor, E. (2022). The Ocean Twilight Zone’s Role in Climate Change. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 32 pp.
    Description: The ocean twilight zone (more formally known as the mesopelagic zone) plays a fundamental role in global climate. It is the mid-ocean region roughly 100 to 1000 meters below the surface, encompassing a half-mile deep belt of water that spans more than two-thirds of our planet. The top of the ocean twilight zone only receives 1% of incident sunlight and the bottom level is void of sunlight. Life in the ocean twilight zone helps to transport billions of metric tons (gigatonnes) of carbon annually from the upper ocean into the deep sea, due in part to processes known as the biological carbon pump. Once carbon moves below roughly 1000 meters depth in the ocean, it can remain out of the atmosphere for centuries to millennia. Without the benefits of the biological carbon pump, the atmospheric CO 2 concentration would increase by approximately 200 ppm 1 which would significantly amplify the negative effects of climate change that the world is currently trying to curtail and reverse. Unfortunately, existing scientific knowledge about this vast zone of the ocean, such as how chemical elements flow through its living systems and the physical environment, is extremely limited, jeopardizing the efforts to improve climate predictions and to inform fisheries management and ocean policy development.
    Description: Funding is: The Audacious Project housed at TED
    Keywords: Climate ; Mesopelagic ; Twilight Zone ; Fisheries ; Carbon Dioxide Removal ; Ocean ; Biological Carbon Pump ; Solubility Pump ; Carbon ; Marine Snow
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Other
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2022-08-05
    Description: Vlasov solvers that operate on a phase‐space grid are highly accurate but also numerically demanding. Coarse velocity space resolutions, which are largely unproblematic in particle‐in‐cell (PIC) simulations, can lead to numerical heating or oscillations in continuum Vlasov methods. To address this issue, we present a new dual Vlasov solver which is based on an established positivity preserving advection scheme for the update of the distribution function and an energy conserving partial differential equation solver for the kinetic update of mean velocity and temperature. The solvers work together via moment fitting during which the maximum entropy part of the distribution function is replaced by the solution from the partial differential equation solver. This numerical scheme makes continuum Vlasov methods competitive with PIC methods concerning computational cost and enables us to model large scale reconnection in Earth's magnetosphere with a fully kinetic continuum method. The simulation results agree well with measurements by the MMS spacecraft.
    Description: Key Points: A moment fitting continuum Vlasov solver is presented that preserves positivity of the distribution function and conserves total energy. The method behaves well at low velocity space resolutions, making it competitive with PIC methods concerning computational cost. There is good agreement of the simulations with measurements of magnetic reconnection by the MMS spacecraft.
    Description: Helmholtz Association (亥姆霍兹联合会致力) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100009318
    Description: https://vlasov.tp1.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/data/paper-JGR-2021
    Keywords: ddc:550 ; ddc:538.7
    Language: English
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2022-09-26
    Description: Die Instrumente an Bord des am 9. Februar 2020 gestarteten Solar Orbiters beobachten die Sonne und messen die Teilchen und elektromagnetischen Felder im Sonnenwind. Dieser Artikel gibt eine Übersicht über die Mission und fasst eine Auswahl der ersten Ergebnisse zusammen. Solar Orbiter wird in den kommenden Jahren durch seine detaillierten Beobachtungen der Sonne und Messungen des Sonnenwindes das Feld der Weltraumgeophysik maßgeblich mitbestimmen.
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:550
    Language: German
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2022-10-05
    Description: In recent years, Spatial Markov Models have gained popularity in simulating solute transport in heterogeneous formations. They describe the transition times of particles between equidistant observation planes by statistical distributions, assuming correlation of the transit times of individual particles between subsequent steps. By this, the approach naturally captures preasymptotic solute dispersion. In this study, we analyze Spatial Markov Models assuming bivariate log‐normal distributions of the particle slowness (i.e., the inverse velocity) in subsequent transitions. The model is fully parameterized by the mean Eulerian velocity, the variance of the log‐slowness, and the correlation coefficient of log‐slowness in subsequent steps. We derive closed‐form expressions for distance‐dependent ensemble dispersion, which is defined in terms of the second‐central moments of the solute breakthrough curves. We relate the coefficients to the properties of the underlying log‐hydraulic conductivity field assuming second‐order stationarity. The results are consistent with linear stochastic theory in the limit of small log‐conductivity variances, while the approach naturally extends to high‐variance cases. We demonstrate the validity of the approach by comparison to three‐dimensional particle‐tracking simulations of advective transport in heterogeneous media with isotropic, exponential correlation structure for log‐conductivity variances up to five. This study contributes to relating solute dispersion to metrics of the porous‐medium structure in cases of strong heterogeneity.
    Description: Key Points: We derive closed‐form expressions of ensemble dispersion in the spatial‐Markov framework of solute transport. The expressions are consistent with linear theory in the limit of small log‐conductivity variances, but extend to high‐variance cases. Comparison to particle‐tracking simulations of advective transport in 3‐D heterogeneous domains show excellent agreement.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6554308
    Description: https://www.hsl.rl.ac.uk/catalogue/hsl_mi20.html
    Keywords: ddc:550
    Language: English
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  • 18
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    ARGE GMIT, Bonn
    Publication Date: 2022-06-27
    Description: Die Ausgabe der Geowissenschaftlichen Mitteilungen vom März 2022 enthält die Themenblöcke: GEOfokus: (Archäometrie in Deutschland), GEOaktiv (Wirtschaft, Beruf, Forschung und Lehre), GEOlobby (Gesellschaften, Verbände, Institutionen), GEOreport (Geowissenschaftliche Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, Tagungsberichte, Ausstellungen, Exkursionen, Publikationen), GEOszene (Würdigungen, Nachrufe).
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Description: journal
    Keywords: ddc:550
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:book , publishedVersion
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  • 19
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    ARGE GMIT, Bonn
    Publication Date: 2022-06-27
    Description: Die Ausgabe der Geowissenschaftlichen Mitteilungen vom März 2022 enthält die Themenblöcke: GEOfokus: Die marine Seismik der Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR), GEOaktiv (Wirtschaft, Beruf, Forschung und Lehre), GEOlobby (Gesellschaften, Verbände, Institutionen), GEOreport (Geowissenschaftliche Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, Tagungsberichte, Ausstellungen, Exkursionen, Publikationen), GEOszene (Würdigungen, Nachrufe).
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Description: journal
    Keywords: ddc:550
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:book , publishedVersion
    Format: 116
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  • 20
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    Deutsche Gesellschaft für Erdbebeningenieurwesen und Baudynamik (DGEB) e.V. | Kiel
    Publication Date: 2022-07-13
    Description: This publication developed from the 5th International Colloquium on “Historical Earthquakes, Paleoseismology, Neotectonics and Seismic Hazard” which was held from 11 to 13 October 2017 at the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) in Hannover, Germany. In this colloquium, 75 experts from 17 countries presented and discussed recent results, ongoing studies and planned projects on the topics historical earthquakes, macroseismology, archeoseismology, paleoseismology, earthquake catalogues and databases, active faults, seismotectonics, neotectonics, and seismic hazard assessment.
    Description: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Erdbebeningenieurwesen und Baudynamik
    Description: 〈b〉Introduction: Historical Earthquakes, Paleoseismology, Neotectonics and Seismic Hazard: New Insights and Suggested Procedures〈/b〉 〈br〉 〈i〉Diethelm Kaiser〈/i〉 〈br〉 〈a href="https://doi.org/10.23689/fidgeo-3868"〉 DOI: https://doi.org/10.23689/fidgeo-3868〈/a〉〈br〉 〈br〉〈/br〉 〈b〉Best practice of macroseismic intensity assessment applied to the earthquake catalogue of southwestern Germany〈/b〉 〈br〉 〈i〉 Wolfgang Brüstle, Uwe Braumann, Silke Hock and Fee-Alexandra Rodler 〈/i〉〈br〉 〈a href="https://doi.org/10.23689/fidgeo-3864"〉 DOI:https://doi.org/10.23689/fidgeo-3864〈/a〉〈br〉 〈br〉〈/br〉 〈b〉The earthquake of September 3, 1770 near Alfhausen (Lower Saxony, Germany): a real, doubtful, or a fake event? 〈/b〉 〈br〉 〈i〉Günter Leydecker and Klaus Lehmann 〈/i〉 〈br〉〈a href="https://doi.org/10.23689/fidgeo-3865"〉 DOI: https://doi.org/10.23689/fidgeo-3865〈/a〉〈br〉 〈br〉〈/br〉 〈b〉How well does known seismicity between the Lower Rhine Graben and southern North Sea reflect future earthquake activity? 〈/b〉 〈br〉 〈i〉Thierry Camelbeeck, Kris Vanneste, Koen Verbeeck, David Garcia-Moreno, Koen Van Noten and Thomas Lecocq 〈/i〉 〈br〉〈a href="https://doi.org/10.23689/fidgeo-3866"〉 DOI: https://doi.org/10.23689/fidgeo-3866〈/a〉〈br〉 〈br〉〈/br〉 〈b〉The Paleoseismic Database of Germany and Adjacent Regions PalSeisDB v1.0〈/b〉〈br〉 〈i〉Jochen Hürtgen, Klaus Reicherter, Thomas Spies, Claudia Geisler and Jörg Schlittenhardt 〈/i〉 〈br〉〈a href="https://doi.org/10.23689/fidgeo-3867"〉 DOI: https://doi.org/10.23689/fidgeo-3867〈/a〉〈br〉
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:551.22 ; ddc:554.3 ; ddc:550
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:book
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2022-07-12
    Description: Die Erdbeben in Thüringen und angrenzenden Gebieten aus den Jahren von 841 bis 2020 werden zusammengestellt. Damit wird für dieses Gebiet ein schneller Überblick über die Seismizität ermöglicht. In dieser, nunmehr letzten Ausgabe, wurden die bekannten historischen seismischen Ereignisse mit Rücksicht auf eine neue Quelle auf einen neuen Stand gebracht. Die Verteilung der Erdbeben, so zeigt sich, folgt ausgewählten geologischen Störungen. Sie rechtfertigt die Aufteilung des Untersuchungsgebietes in vier seismische Regionen.
    Description: report
    Keywords: ddc:550 ; ddc:551.22
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:book
    Format: 38
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2022-09-20
    Description: Die 1902 von Emil Wiechert errichtete Göttinger Erdbebenstation GTT ist heute noch voll funktionsfähig und wird seit 2005 vom Verein Wiechert'sche Erdbebenwarte Göttingen betreut und von vielen Besuchern bestaunt. Die Registrierung einer 3 km entfernten Bombensprengung zeigt eindrucksvoll die große Übereinstimmung der Seismogramme des 17t-Pendels von GTT und dem benachbarten STS-2-Breitbandseismometer der Station GTTG.
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:550
    Language: German
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2022-09-20
    Description: Aus Anlass des 100. Jahrestages der Gründung der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft im Jahre 1922 in Leipzig erschien im Verlag Edition am Gutenbergplatz Leipzig das Taschenbuch „Wiechert, Mintrop & Co. – Die 24 Gründungsväter der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft“ von Franz Jacobs und Michael Börngen (siehe gleichlautenden Archivbeitrag in DGG-Mitteilungen 1/2019: 36–37). Die DGG-Präsidentin Heidrun Kopp hat darin das Geleitwort geschrieben. Das Buch kann über den Buchhandel unter ISBN 978-3-95922-107-8 bestellt werden. Der folgende Artikel über den Aachener Meteorologen Peter Polis ist ein leicht erweitertes Kapitel aus diesem Buch.
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:550
    Language: German
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2022-06-16
    Description: Atmospheric delay corrections for satellite altimetry measurements are essential for deriving highly accurate sea surface heights and reliable global mean sea level (GMSL) trend estimates. A commonly used method to correct for ionospheric path delays are the usage of GNSS‐based Global Ionospheric Maps (GIM). The different orbit heights of GNSS and altimeter satellites require an adaption of GIM corrections to account for free electrons in the Earth plasmasphere. This study shows that the widely used scaling approach based on the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) is not able to accurately scale the GIM models. The impact of neglecting the plasmaspheric part of the atmosphere strongly correlates with the solar activity of about 11 years. This manifests itself as trend errors in global GMSL. For the Jason period (2002–2021) a trend error of 0.17 mm/year can be shown, which is even larger for smaller periods (e.g., 1.0 mm/year for Jason‐1 lifetime). The application of an additional constant scaling factor of 0.886 can reduce the trend differences to below 0.05 mm/year.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Global mean sea level (GMSL) rise is an important indicator for climate change. To precisely measure this quantity that is only in the order of about 3 mm/year, satellite altimeters are used. Their observations have to be corrected for influences in the Earth atmosphere. This study shows deficiencies in one commonly used correction data set. These corrections, based on observations from the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are not accounting for the higher part of the atmosphere, the plasmasphere. Neglecting this influence derives systematic errors with a 11 years cycle that impacts the estimation of GMSL by up to 1 mm/year, depending on the period under investigation. It is recommended to apply an additional scaling of the available corrections in order to reduce the trend error to below 0.05 mm/year.
    Description: Key Points: Global Ionospheric Map corrections in altimetry Sensor Geophysical Data Records are not fully scaled to account for plasmaspheric electron content. Neglecting the plasmaspheric effect leads to trends of up to 1 mm/year in Global mean sea level estimates. The additional application of a scale factor improves the consistency in trend with respect to dual‐frequency satellite altimetry data.
    Description: https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/
    Description: https://www.aviso.altimetry.fr/
    Description: https://openadb.dgfi.tum.de/en/products/vertical-total-electron-content/
    Keywords: ddc:538.767 ; ddc:550
    Language: English
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  • 25
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    In:  aqdchief@seafdec.org.ph | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/18569 | 2002 | 2015-11-15 16:06:30 | 18569 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Aquaculture Department
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: This paper summarizes the results of the experiments on the induced breeding and larval rearing of milkfish (Chanos chanos) during the 1979 season. Milkfish larvae could be reared successfully without the use of trochophore larvae of oysters as feed during the first few days. In order to induce the ovulation of wild adult milkfish a higher dose of human chorionic gonadotropin hormone is required.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Chanos chanos ; ISEW ; Philippines ; marine environment ; Brood stocks ; Fish culture ; Fish larvae ; Food organisms ; Induced breeding ; Larval development ; Sex hormones
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
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  • 26
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    In:  library@seafdec.org.ph | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/20100 | 17342 | 2016-02-24 22:18:26 | 20100 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Aquaculture Department
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: An outline is given of aquaculture and fisheries in Asia, providing information of use to students whose work can influence laws, rules, policy and regulations on aquaculture and fisheries, with the view in mind to sustainable aquaculture. In this issue, the following countries are examined: China, Indonesia, and Bangladesh.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Fisheries ; Fishery management ; Aquaculture development ; Aquaculture regulations ; Marine aquaculture ; Freshwater aquaculture ; Fishery industry ; Asia ; Bangladesh ; China
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
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  • 27
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    In:  library@seafdec.org.ph | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/20067 | 2002 | 2016-03-04 15:16:24 | 20067 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Aquaculture Department
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Aquaculture ; Vietnam ; Sri Lanka ; Sri Lanka ; Vietnam ; brackishwater environment ; freshwater environment ; marine environment ; Aquaculture ; Aquaculture techniques ; Brackishwater aquaculture ; Feed ; Fish culture ; Fish diseases ; Fisheries ; Fishery data ; Food organisms ; Freshwater aquaculture ; Marine aquaculture ; Marine fisheries ; Mollusc culture ; Pond culture ; Seaweed culture ; Shrimp culture
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
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    In:  library@seafdec.org.ph | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/20055 | 2002 | 2016-03-03 11:33:32 | 20055 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Aquaculture Department
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Aquaculture ; Asia ; Cambodia ; India ; Asia ; Cambodia ; India ; Myanmar ; Myanmar ; brackishwater environment ; freshwater environment ; marine environment ; Aquaculture ; Aquaculture development ; Aquaculture economics ; Aquaculture techniques ; Brackishwater aquaculture ; Catching methods ; Culture effects ; Environmental impact ; Fish culture ; Fisheries ; Fishery development ; Fishery resources ; Fishery statistics ; Freshwater aquaculture ; Marine aquaculture ; Shrimp culture ; Sustainability ; Trade
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26291 | 23782 | 2019-04-08 09:42:05 | 26291 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Pollution ; Indonesia ; Heavy metals ; Chemical pollution ; Pollution monitoring
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26293 | 23782 | 2019-03-22 03:49:21 | 26293 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Myanmar ; Heavy metals ; Cadmium ; Lead ; Mercury ; Biological sampling ; Fish ; Fishery products ; Seafood
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Secretariat, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Bangkok, Thailand
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26259 | 2002 | 2019-03-01 05:56:06 | 26259 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Secretariat
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: Round scad exploration by purse seine in the waters of western Philippines was conducted from April 22 to May 7, 1998 for a period of five (5) fishing days with a total catch of 7.3 tons and an average of 1.5 tons per setting. Dominant species caught were Decapterus spp. having 70.09% of the total catch, followed by Selar spp. at 12.66% and Rastrelliger spp. 10.70%. Among the Decapterus spp. caught, D. macrosoma attained the highest total catch composition by species having 68.81% followed by D. kurroides and D.russelli with 0.31% and 1.14% respectively. The round scad fishery stock was composed mainly of juvenile fish (less than 13 cm) and Age group II (13 cm to 14 cm). Few large round scad at Age group IV and V (20 cm to 28 cm) stayed at the fishery. Other fishes caught were: Auxis rochei (0.85%), A. thazard (0.12%), Caranx spp. (0.45%), Emmilichthys nitidus (0.58%), Euthynnus affinis (0.42%), Leiognathus ruconius (0.58%), Loligo sp. (0.31%), Megalaspis cordyla (0.09%), Rastrelliger spp. (10.70%), Sardinella longiceps (0.03%), Scomberoides lysan (0.24%), Selar spp. (12.66%), Sphyraena spp. (0.90%), Thunnus albacares (0.96%) and others (1.02%). Tuna and tuna like fishes such as yellowfin tuna, eastern little tuna, bullet tuna, frigate tuna and oceanic squid are distributed in the upper latitudes of the survey area. On the other hand, round scads, big-eyed scads and Indian mackerels are dominantly present in the lower latitudes of the survey area.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Exploratory fishing ; Purse seining ; Age composition ; Catch composition ; Fishery surveys ; Carangid fisheries ; South China Sea ; Philippines ; Rastrelliger ; Decapterus
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    Training Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Samut Prakarn, Thailand
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26215 | 17342 | 2019-02-08 06:25:54 | 26215 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Training Department
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: Presented in this paper is the status of the fishery industry in Brunei Darussalam. Specifically, it discussed the following topics: fishery management strategies, zonation scheme, licencing, the use of poisons and explosives, the minimum cod-end mesh size for trawlers, closed areas, enhancement of fishing grounds, and the enforcement activities.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Fishery resources ; Fishery management ; Fisheries ; Ecological zonation ; Licensing ; Fish poisoning ; Catching methods ; Illegal fishing ; Explosive fishing ; Fishing gear ; Season regulations ; Fishing grounds
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26295 | 23782 | 2019-03-22 08:39:12 | 26295 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Thailand ; Cadmium ; Lead ; Mercury ; Biological sampling ; Fish ; Fishery products ; Seafood
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 53-58
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26292 | 23782 | 2019-03-22 03:43:09 | 26292 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Malaysia ; Cadmium ; Lead ; Mercury ; Biological sampling ; Fish ; Fishery products ; Seafood
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 20-37
    Format: 18
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    Secretariat, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Bangkok, Thailand
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26258 | 2002 | 2019-03-01 06:00:19 | 26258 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Secretariat
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: An exploratory tuna longline fishing survey was conducted using the research and training vessels of the Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, the 1,178 GT MV SEAFDEC and the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, the 165 GT MV MAYA-MAYA in the South China Sea Waters, West of the Philippines from April to May, 1998. A total of 3,796 hooks was set in sixteen (16) fishing stations. There were no tuna caught during the entire survey but only minor and irrelevant species like the Pacific lancetfish, sharks and an opah species, Lampris guttatus. The important fishing and oceanographic factors during the survey and other research results on longline are described and analyzed. Additional longline studies within and near the Philippines territorial waters are also presented to substantiate the research results of the joint SEAFDEC/BFAR resource exploratory.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Exploratory fishing ; Catch composition ; Fishery surveys ; Longlining ; Tuna fisheries ; South China Sea ; Philippines
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: application/pdf
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26299 | 23782 | 2019-03-27 06:00:01 | 26299 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Malaysia ; Pesticides ; Biological sampling ; Fish ; Fishery products ; Biochemical analysis ; Lethal limits
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 71-74
    Format: 4
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26300 | 23782 | 2019-03-27 05:58:36 | 26300 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Myanmar ; Pesticides ; Biological sampling ; Fish ; Fishery products ; Lethal limits
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 75-83
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  • 38
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26307 | 23782 | 2019-03-27 03:35:56 | 26307 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Indonesia ; Histamines ; Biological sampling ; Fish ; Fishery products ; Quality control
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 116-123
    Format: 8
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  • 39
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26303 | 23782 | 2019-03-27 05:51:15 | 26303 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Thailand ; Pesticides ; Biological sampling ; Fish ; Fishery products ; Dried products ; Lethal limits
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 100-105
    Format: 6
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  • 40
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26309 | 23782 | 2019-03-27 03:49:31 | 26309 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Myanmar ; Histamines ; Biological sampling ; Biochemical analysis ; Fish ; Fishery products
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 129-133
    Format: 5
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  • 41
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26826 | 23782 | 2019-11-21 00:56:12 | 26826 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: Presented in the paper is the standard procedure in the determination of K value which is an index to measure the enzymatic freshness of fish and squid. Specifically, reagents, apparatus and the analytical procedures needed and the calculations are presented.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Chemical analysis ; Fishery products ; Fish inspection ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: B-6.1-B-6.7
    Format: 7
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  • 42
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26825 | 23782 | 2019-11-21 00:52:35 | 26825 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: Presented in the paper is the standard procedure in measuring K value in fish meat by means of the freshness testing paper technique.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Chemical analysis ; Fishery products ; Fish inspection ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: B-7.1-B-7.2
    Format: 2
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  • 43
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26802 | 23782 | 2019-11-12 05:28:20 | 26802 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: Presented in the paper is the standard procedure in the measurement of pH in the fresh fish meat. Specifically, the procedures in sampling and sample preparation, apparatus and reagents required, and the analytical procedures are presented.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Chemical analysis ; Microbiological analysis ; Fishery products ; Processed fishery products ; Fish inspection ; Fishery industry ; Food additives ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; pH
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: A-3.1-A-3.2
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  • 44
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26842 | 23782 | 2019-11-15 07:54:48 | 26842 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: Starch is commonly used in the production of fish jelly products as an extender and as binding agent. The paper provides the methodology in the determination of starch in fish jelly products. Instructions for sample preparation and the reagents needed are presented. Detailed procedures in the determination of the starch in a sample are provided.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Chemical analysis ; Fishery products ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; Starch ; Additives ; Food additives
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: D-4.1-D-4.4
    Format: 4
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  • 45
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26881 | 23782 | 2019-11-05 02:46:02 | 26881 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: Monitoring and investigative work undertaken in the Philippines regarding dinoflagellate blooms are described. Chronological observations of the occurrence of red tides, aerial surveys, spatial distribution of the dinoflagellate and the physical environment are discussed. Fishing and the examination of gut content of fish and mussels and bioassay tests are detailed. Incidents of paralytic shellfish poisoning in the Philippines are considered briefly.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Health ; Environmental monitoring ; Red tides ; Public health ; Medicine ; Dangerous organisms ; Philippines
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 52-79
    Format: 28
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  • 46
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26885 | 23782 | 2019-11-05 02:23:34 | 26885 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: A report is made of the first incidence occurring of paralytic shellfish poisoning in Thailand in May 1983, following an extensive bloom of Trichodesmium erythraeum. Investigations undertaken regarding the source of the toxicity are outlined.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Health ; Biological poisons ; Public health ; Red tides ; Shellfish ; Dangerous organisms ; Thailand
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 90-91
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  • 47
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26879 | 23782 | 2019-11-05 02:54:38 | 26879 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: A brief account is given of recent cases of paralytic shellfish poisoning in Sabah, Malaysia, and toxicological studies undertaken. Hydrography surveys, underwater observations after the occurrence of the red tides and plankton studies and monitoring of red tides are discussed.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Health ; Shellfish ; Toxicity tests ; Red tides ; Public health ; Dangerous organisms ; Malaysia
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 35-42
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  • 48
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26852 | 23782 | 2019-11-15 07:36:44 | 26852 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: Cholera is an acute specific infection caused by the organism, Vibrio cholera. Diagnosis may be confirmed by the presence of large numbers of the comma-shaped bacilli on direct microscopic examination of a fecal or vomitus smear, and by the isolation of the organism on culture. Fish and shellfish have been identified as vehicles of cholera. Large numbers of V. cholera must usually be ingested to cause cholera. Thus problems often occur when poor handling and inadequate refrigeration have allowed the organism to multiply. Presented in the paper is the methodology of determining the presence of Vibrio cholera in fish and fishery products.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Fishery products ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; Aerobic bacteria ; Microbiological analysis ; Microorganisms ; Pathogenic bacteria ; Pathogens ; Health and safety ; Public health ; Microbial contamination ; Vibrio cholerae
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: E-7.1-E-7.5
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  • 49
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    Secretariat, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Bangkok, Thailand
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26890 | 23782 | 2019-11-14 01:01:29 | 26890 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Secretariat
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: Fishery statistics in Brunei Darussalam have been collected by the Department of Fisheries since the 1940s. In the early 1980s, a number of statistics were collected, such as catch and effort data of artisanal fishermen, aquaculture statistics, processing statistics as well as data from major wet markets focusing on the amount, prices of marketed fish either from the local fishermen or imported. In 1984, the collection of statistics on commercial fishing was started. The statistics have been used in the formulation of fishery management and development policies as well as for sectoral development. Following a brief account of the responsibility and statistic collections of the Department of Fisheries, an examination is made of employment in the fishery sector, fisheries production, fish marketed and the GDP for the fishery industry. Fisheries in Brunei Darussalam is a very healthy industry, where production is well below the maximum allowable harvestable limit of 20,000 tons at 30%. The Department is embarking to increase production from the capture fishery to reduce the country's dependence on imported fish; the same applies for aquaculture, in order to complement production from the capture fisheries. The processing sector is also increasing in importance, especially with the increase in the number of capture fishery licenses, and the demand for quality and value-added products.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Marine fisheries ; Fishery statistics ; Aquaculture development ; Aquaculture statistics ; Fish catch statistics ; Marine aquaculture ; Freshwater aquaculture ; Fishery development ; Marine ; Brackish ; Freshwater
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 6-14
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26843 | 23782 | 2019-11-15 07:52:55 | 26843 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: Sodium chloride is an important additive for the production of fish jelly products. It extracts the salt soluble protein to give the gel strength of the final product. The paper provides the methodology in the determination of the amount of sodium chloride in fish jelly products. Instructions for sample preparation and the reagents needed are presented. Detailed procedures in the determination of the salt in a sample are provided.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Chemical analysis ; Fishery products ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; Additives ; Food additives ; Salts ; Sodium chloride
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: D-5.1-D-5.2
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  • 51
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26851 | 23782 | 2019-11-14 01:29:31 | 26851 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: Food poisoning due to Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a food-borne infection resulting from the ingestion of a large number of this organism (about 106-109 viable cells). The major symptoms are diarrhea and abdominal pain with headache, fever, and vomiting also occurring. The organisms are excreted during the acute stage of the illness after which they decrease rapidly. The differentiation of V. parahaemolyticus from other pathogenic species of Vibrio is based mainly on salt tolerance, Voges-Proskauer reaction, fermentation of sucrose, and growth at 43°C. Presented in the paper is the methodology of determining the presence of Vibrio cholera in fish and fishery products.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Fishery products ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; Aerobic bacteria ; Microbiological analysis ; Microorganisms ; Pathogenic bacteria ; Pathogens ; Health and safety ; Public health ; Microbial contamination ; Vibrio parahaemolyticus ; Vibrio cholerae
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: application/pdf
    Format: E-8.1-E-8.6
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2022-07-26
    Description: Die Grundfeld-Terrasse des Obermains im Niveau von ca. 20 m über dem Fluss übermittelt ein sehr lang anhaltendes fluviales Gleichgewicht inmitten des großen Zyklus zwischen sedimentärem Aufwuchs und Eintiefung der Hangterrassentreppe. Sie kann durch den Profilaufbau ihres Fluments und durch die Lage innerhalb der Terrassentreppe des Mains oberhalb der vorletztglazialen Nassanger-Terrasse (Marines Isotopen-Stadium 6 = MIS 6) in das dritte Glazial vor heute gestellt werden (MIS 8). Aus der anhaltenden Gleichgewichtslage resultiert zweierlei: Am Obermain im Bereich des Albrandes lappt die Grundfeld-Terrasse mit ihrem jüngsten Teil seitlich über einen erodierten Sockel der viel älteren Main-Formation. Abseits des Haupttales und im Schutze von Hangsedimenten vom Albrand her blieb dort ihre jüngste fluviale Ausgestaltung sehr vollständig erhalten. Diese besteht aus vier dünnen fluvialen Sedimentdecken, die jeweils durch kräftige Bodenbildungen (Parabraunerden und kräftig entwickelte Braunerden) getrennt sind. Diese Sequenz bietet einen zwanglosen Vergleich mit dem MIS 7-Interglazialkomplex an. Zum andern ermöglichte die Gleichgewichtslage eine lange Seitenerosion des Mains, die zum Talwechsel vom Albmain zum Banzmain führte. Unterstützt wurde der Talwechsel durch Schuttzuführung vom Albrand her. Der Talwechsel kann auf spätes MIS 10 oder MIS 9 datiert werden, etwa 340-270 ka BP. Der auf die Grundfeld-Formation folgende Wechsel von Akkumulation zu Erosion fand Ende des MIS 7 oder zu Beginn des MIS 6 am Wechsel Interglazial zu Glazial statt.
    Description: 〈p〉Abstract:〈/p〉 In the Upper Main area the river flument of the antepenultimate glacial period (Gundfeld Flument, MIS 8) was deposited under a long equilibrium period of the Main River. First, this equilibrium stage resulted in overlapping of the youngest part of the Grundfeld Flument on an older flument socle, a degradation terrace of the Main Formation. The overlap part is subdivided into four small glacial deposits with cold climate indicators each separated by fossil soils of warm climate type as Luvisols and Cambisols of advanced stage. Thus, this overlap part can be compared to the well known MIS 7 with three pronounced interglacial periods separated by breviglacial periods. Secondly, the equilibrium period gave the Main River time enough for lateral erosion that resulted in a thalweg shift to the northwest to develop a quite new valley. The shift was triggered by augmented debris input from the high slope of the Franconian Alb down to the Main Valley. The thalweg shift is dated to late MIS 10 or to MIS 9 at about 340-270 ka BP. The incision between the Grundfeld Flument and the Nassanger Flument occurred at the end of MIS 7 or with the beginning of MIS 6 with the change of an interglacial to a glacial period.
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:550
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:article , publishedVersion
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2022-07-26
    Description: Im Steinbruch der Firma Balz (Pappenheim) wurde ein Intervall von 18 m Mächtigkeit im Bereich der Unteren Mergelplatte und der Oberen Mergelplatte (Grenzbereich Malm Delta 1-3) der Treuchtlingen Formation untersucht. Die Schichtfolge (16 Bänke; Schichten) kann über mehrere 10-er Kilometer in der Südlichen Frankenalb korreliert werden. Die Bänke sind durch deutliche »Hauptfugen« voneinander getrennt und zeigen oft auch schwach ausgebildete Bank-interne »Nebenfugen«. Die mikrofazielle Analyse wurde anhand von 22 Proben mittels petrographischer Dünnschliffe und röntgenographischer-Analysen zur Ermittlung der tonmineralogischen Zusammensetzung der Nichtkarbonate durchgeführt. Die Bänke bauen sich aus Horizonten verschiedener Partikelkalke (Mikrofazies-Typen) mit charakteristischen Karbonatgehalten auf. Matrix-reiche Wackestones (92-96% Karbonatgehalt), Partikel-reiche Packstones und mikrobielle Bindstones (94-98%) wechseln sich in vertikaler Folge ab. Eingeschaltete Mergel sind entsprechend ihres Anteils an Nichtkarbonaten unterschiedlich ausgebildet. Die Partikelkalke zeigen wechselnde Matrix-Gehalte und Mächtigkeiten von Zentimetern bis Dezimetern innerhalb der Bänke. Sie spiegeln einen stetigen Wechsel der Wasserenergie von gering bis mäßig im Ablagerungsraum wider. Dünne Schalen planktonischer Bivalven (Filamente) wurden zu Zeiten erhöhter Wasserenergie aus entfernten, südlichen Meeresbereichen eingeschwemmt. Mikrobielle Lagen deuten auf eine Fixierung von vorher abgelagerten Sedimenten. Mikrobielle Aktivität führte zu dünnen, mikrobiellen Sedimentlagen, zu rundlichen Onkoiden mit mikritischen Kernen und zur Bildung von länglichen Filament-Onkoiden mit dünnen, langen Filamenten als Kern. Kleine domförmige mikrobielle »Stromatolithe«, Zusammenwachen von Tubiphyten und Serpuliden in kleinen Clustern stellen kleine riffogene Strukturen dar, die lokal am Meeresbodens wachsen konnten, der nur ein geringes Relief von Zentimeter bis Dezimeter Höhe aufgewiesen hat. Röntgenographisch, tonmineralogische Untersuchen zeigen vier Zonen unterschiedlicher Zusammensetzung der Tonmineral-Vergesellschaftung. Eine basale Mica-Chlorit-Zone wird von einer Kaolinit-Mica-Montmorillonit-Zone überlagert, die an der Unteren Mergelplatte endet. Der Bereich zwischen der Unteren und der Oberen Mergelplatte (Bank 19 bis Bank 25) weist in der liegenden Hälfte eine Mica-Mixed-Layer-Montmorillonit-Zone mit Spuren von Chlorit und eine Mica-Montmorillonit-Zone im oberen Teil auf. Zusammenhänge zwischen dem Vorkommen von Onkoiden und Filament-Onkoiden sowie den Tonmineral-Assoziationen deuten auf spezifische klimatologische Bedingungen hin. Die Entwicklung eines tropisch humiden zu einem tropischen, semi-ariden Klima mit entsprechendem Verwitterungspotential kristalliner Gesteine des nahen Böhmischen Massivs und Bildungsbedingungen der Tonmineral-Assoziationen im Untersuchungsbereich ist wahrscheinlich
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:550
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:article , publishedVersion
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2022-07-26
    Description: In der heute vielfach frequentierten Urlaubsregion des Potten- steiner Karstgebirges bedingten noch in jüngerer Vergangenheit die intensiven Verkarstungserscheinungen in den Kalken, Mergeln und Dolomiten der Malm- schichten eine extreme Wasserarmut auf der Albhochfläche. Die Einwohner behalfen sich mit einer Vielzahl von Lösungsmöglichkeiten, die von der Nutzung von »Hüllen« über das aufwändige Graben von Ziehbrunnen bis hin zur Nutzung starker Karstquellen erstreckten. Trotzdem zieht sich die Problematik der Wasserversorgung bis in die Gegenwart hinein, wobei heute die qualitativen Besorgnisse den quantitativen Unzulänglichkeiten mindestens gleichzustellen sind. Während der vergangenen zehn Jahre waren in Nordbayern aufgrund der nunmehr vorherrschenden, außergewöhnlich warmen und trockenen Witterungsverhältnisse massive Niederschlagsdefizite zu beobachten. Hierbei waren vor al- lem die stark verringerten Niederschlagssummen während der Winterhalbjahre auffällig. Diese Witterungsverläufe verursachten im Karstgebirge der Frankenalb eine sehr mangelhafte Grundwasserneubildung, welche sich bis heute verfolgen lässt. Selbst während der jüngsten, sowohl in Süd- als auch in Westdeutschland aufgetretenen »sintflutartigen« Regenfälle waren im Karstgebirge der Frankenalb keine nennenswerte Grundwasserneubildungsraten zu verzeichnen. Trotzdem zeigte sich – inmitten der Trockenperioden – ein relativ häufiges Auftreten von kurzfristigen, aber teils beträchtlichen Starkniederschlägen, wodurch vor allem während der alljährlichen landwirtschaftlichen Vegetationsperioden die Risiken von plötzlich auftretenden Schadstoffeinträgen in die Karst- wasserkörper anstiegen. Im Ergebnis wurden immer wieder vor allem in dem – zur Pottensteiner Trinkwassergewinnung genutzten – Karstquellwasser des Aschenbrunnen (Oberes Püttlachtal) Kontaminationen festgestellt. Für das Pottensteiner Karstgebirge, welches aufgrund seiner besonderen tektonischen und stratigraphischen Gegebenheiten sowohl anspruchsvolle hydrogeologische Verhältnisse als auch eine besonders ausgeprägte Vulnerabilität der Karstwasservorräte aufweist, werden in dieser Arbeit zunächst die geologischen sowie hydrologischen Charakteristika und Besonderheiten aufgezeigt. Dieses soll als Grundlage für eine zweite, künftige Arbeit dienen, in welcher die Ergebnisse der seit vielen Jahren getätigten Karstwasseruntersuchungen dargelegt werden.
    Description: 〈p〉Abstract:〈/p〉 In the holiday region of the Pottenstein‘ Karstic Mountains, which is highly frequented today, the intensive karstification phenomena in the limestones, marls and dolomites of the Malm layers caused extreme water poverty on the Alb plateau in the recent past. The inhabitants came across to this with a multitude of possible solutions, ranging from the use of »Hüllen« to the laborious digging of draw wells to the using of strong karst springs. Nevertheless, the problem of water supply continues to the present day, whereby today the qualitative concerns are at least equal to the quantitative inadequacies. During the past ten years, massive deficits in precipitation have been observed in northern Bavaria due to the now prevailing, exceptionally warm and dry weather conditions. Particularly noticeable here were the greatly reduced precipitation during the winter months. In the Karstic Mountains of the Franconian Jura, these weather patterns caused very poor formation of new groundwater, which can be traced to this day. Even during the most recent »torrential« rains that occurred in both southern and western Germany, no significant new groundwater formation rates were recorded in the karstic mountains of the Franconian Alb. Nevertheless – in the midst of the dry periods – there was a relatively frequent occurrence of short-term, but sometimes considerable, heavy precipitation, which increased the sudden risk of inputing pollutants into the karst water bodies, especially during the annual agricultural vegetation periods. As a result, widespread contamination was found, especially in the karst spring water of the »Aschenbrunnen« (Upper Püttlachtal), which is used for Pottenstein‘s drinking water production. The Pottenstein‘s Karstic Mountains, which due to their special tectonic and stratigraphic conditions, have demanding hydrogeological conditions as well as a particularly pronounced vulnerability of the karst water supplies. The geological and hydrological characteristics and distinctions are shown in this work. This should serve as a basis for additional, future work, in which the results of the karst water investigations that have been carried out for many years will be presented.
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2022-07-26
    Description: Die verschiedenen architektonischen Baustile in einer Stadt geben der Nachwelt jeweils Zeugnis von der kulturellen und politischen Entwicklung. Dabei spielen die Baumaterialien vom historischen Naturstein bis hin zu den heute modernen technologischen Materialien (Kunststein, Glasbausteine, Beton, Metall etc.) eine wesentliche Rolle. Viele Jahrhunderte lang stand nur eine sehr begrenzte Palette an Naturwerksteinen zur Verfügung und es wurden zunächst sogenannte „Weichgesteine“ (Sandsteine, Kalkstein) genutzt, die leicht abzubauen und zu verarbeiten waren und die aus nahe gelegenen Abbaugebieten (»Steinbruch vor der Haustür«) stammten, oder auf Flüssen antransportiert werden konnten. Deshalb sind ältere Ortschaften und Städte durch eine lokalspezifische Gesteinsmonotonie gekennzeichnet, was sich in Erlangen in der Verwendung des in der Stadt und in der nahen Umgebung anstehenden Burgsandsteins widerspiegelt. Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts traten für den technischen Aufschwung in der Steinindustrie entscheidende Veränderungen ein. Aufgrund der verbesserten maschinellen Bearbeitung kamen auch hier nun vermehrt Hartgesteine (Granit,Gabbro, Basalt) zur Verwendung. Durch neue Transportmöglichkeiten (Kanäle, Straße, Schiene) wurde auch die Einfuhr »exotischer Fremdgesteine« aus weitentfernten Abbaugebieten möglich. Seit der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts kamen Kunststeine hinzu, mit denen natürliche Gesteine häufig perfekt imitiert werden können. Besondere politische Ereignisse, wie z. B. der deutsch französische Krieg (1870-1871) und damit zusammenhängend die Lieferungen von Fremdgesteinen nach Deutschland als Reparationsleistungen (Savonnières Kalkstein, Napoléon Kalkstein) dokumentieren noch heute markante Einschnitte in der Palette der verwendeten Naturwerksteine. In einem relativ engen Zeitfenster von der Hochzeit der Industrialisierung und auch der Deutschen Steinindustrie bis zu Beginn des ersten Weltkrieges (1900-1914) können diese vielschichtigen Einflüsse anhand von vier, in diesem Zeittraum errichteten Bauwerken in Erlangen exemplarisch aufgezeigt werden. Dabei geben auch die jeweiligen Zeitspannen von der Planung bis zur Fertigstellung und Einweihung der Gebäude Hinweise auf die politische und bautechnische Situation. Das Christian-Ernst-Gymnasium wurde aus der Prinz-Ludwig-Schule vom ersten Spatenstich im November 1901 bis zur Einweihung im November 1902 in nur einem Jahr fertig gestellt. Das Marie-Therese-Gymnasium, welches als neues Schulhaus in der Schillerstraße aus der »Städtischen höheren Töchterschule« hervorgegangen ist, wurde 1909 eingeweiht und erst 1965 offiziell als städtisches Marie-Therese-Gymnasium benannt. Die Universitätsbibliothek wurde 1910 geplant und nach der Grundsteinlegung 1911 bereits nach 2 Jahren Bauzeit im November 1913 eröffnet. Dabei hat der Termin des 170. Geburtstages der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität am 4. November 1913 sicher für entsprechenden Zeitdruck gesorgt und die Bauarbeiten beschleunigt. Der Bau des Instituts für Angewandten Chemie, der wahrscheinlich auch zur Unterstützung der Forschung an kriegswichtigen Materialen schnell errichtet werden musste, wurde nach kurzer Planung 1914 begonnen. Doch führten dann kriegsbedingte Schwierigkeiten, wozu wahrscheinlich auch der Mangel an Arbeitskräften aufgrund der Mobilmachung gehörte, zu großen Verzögerungen, weshalb der Rohbau erst 1916 fertiggestellt wurde und das Institut erst zum Wintersemester 1920 nach dem ersten Weltkrieg (1914-1918) bezogen werden konnte. Die Gestaltung der Front des Christian-Ernst-Gymnasiums, der Eingangsbereiche mit Portalen und Knaben- und Mädchenkopf aus schönem Roten Mainsandstein sowie einer darüber befindlichen Sandsteinbalustrade mit kunstvoll behauenen Vasen zeugen von einem ausgewogenen, repräsentativen Baustil. Die bronzene Büste des Prinzregenten auf einem Sockel aus ausgesuchtem hellem Untersberger Marmor (Kalkstein) sowie die ganze Gestaltung des Eingangsbereichs dokumentieren die positive Einstellung der Erlanger Bürger zu diesem Bauwerk. Die Gestaltung des Innenbereichs mit Wasserbecken aus poliertem Treuchtlinger Kalkstein sowie den beiden großzügig gestalteten Treppenhäusern mit Stufen aus Nammering Granit und schönen Holzbalustern bezeugen ebenso die gelungene architektonische Gesamtplanung wie auch die leider nicht mehr vollständig erhaltenen, geschwungenen Oberlichter über den Eichentüren zu den einzelnen Räumen. Auch die Gestaltung der Fußböden in den Gängen mit geschmackvollem Schwarz-Weiß-Muster der Bodenfliesen, die damals eine moderne technische Entwicklung (Trockenpressen) darstellten, lässt die Wertschätzung des Schulbaus bei den Bürgern und Architekten erkennen. Der Schulbau spiegelt auch heute noch die Freude am schönen Gestalten wider, die man damals hatte und in kurzer Zeit umsetzte und wirkt auch im Inneren heute noch fast fröhlich durch die von den beiden Treppenhäusern ausgehenden, lichtdurchflossenen Flure. Der heute als Marie-Therese-Gymnasium bekannt Bau in der Schillerstraße wurde etwa sieben Jahre später ebenfalls in sehr kurzer Bauzeit von der Planung 1908 bis zum Bezug 1909 des Neubau errichtet, der zunächst zur Unterbringung der »Städtischen höheren weiblichen Bildungsanstalt« diente. Der aufwändige neubarocke Stil ist trotz nachfolgender Veränderungen gut erhalten geblieben und zeigt auch noch das Chörlein an der Ostfassade vor dem 1956 erfolgten Erweiterungsbau. Muschelkalk und Coburger Bausandstein wurden für die Fassade ebenso wie am Christian-Ernst-Gymnasium verwendet und dokumentieren den Stil eines Schulbaus zu dieser Zeit. Doch wurden die Schmuckelemente des Eingangsportals mit großen Figuren und des großen Bayernwappens am Marie-Therese- Gymnasium aus grobporigem Muschelkalk geschlagen und kein feinkörniger Sandstein zur Modellierung verwendet. Eine Eingangshalle und ein trotz der Rundbögen geradliniges, kantig erscheinendes zentrales Treppenhaus weisen mehr auf einen pragmatischen Baustil im Inneren hin. Dieser Eindruck wird sowohl durch die intensive Verwendung von grobem Betonkunststein in Pfeilern und Balustern als auch durch einfarbige dunkelgrüne Wandfliesen und die teilweise verwendeten roten Bodenfliesen unterstützt. Die großen Keramikausgussbecken und besonders der Fußboden aus Linoleum, das sich in der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts als moderner elastischer Bodenbelag durchgesetzt hat, zeigen im Innenbereich eine andere als im Christian-Ernst-Gymnasium, aber ebenfalls eine dem Stand der Technik zeitgemäße, moderne Gestaltung. Die ehemals verglasten, bunten Oberlichter, die dem Bau ein lichtdurchflossenes fröhliches Bild gaben, sind leider nicht mehr erhalten, weshalb der Eindruck im Inneren eher etwas klamm und gedämpft ist. Der geplante Besuch der Königsfamilie Ende Juli 1914 kam aufgrund des sich abzeichnenden Weltkrieges nicht zu Stande. Zu Ehren der Königin aber gab man dem Bau den Namen »Marie-Therese-Schule«, der 1965 von der Stadt in »Marie-Therese-Gymnasium« umgewandelt wurde. Der Neubau der Universitätsbibliothek, der 1910 geplant wurde, spiegelt in seinen beiden Teilen, dem Magazin- und dem Verwaltungstrakt eine komplexe Planungs- und Baugeschichte wider. Die Besuche der Planer von damals modernen Universitätsbibliotheken in anderen Universitätsstädten haben zu einem innovativen, dem neuesten Stand der Technik entsprechenden Magazintrakt mit selbst tragender Stahlkonstruktion geführt. Für den Außenbereich war die architektonische Eingliederung in die benachbarten Universitätsbauten im Markgrafenstil wie dem Kollegienhaus die Vorgabe. Dies wurde durch den Abriss der Reifbrauerei und die dadurch zur Verfügung stehenden Burgsandsteinquader begünstigt. Auch dass deren Menge nicht ausreichte, stellte kein Hindernis dar, konnten in dieser Zeit der Blüte von Steinbruchunternehmen doch problemlos zwei neue Brüche am Burgberg eröffnet werden. Die Gestaltung des Innenbereichs zeichnet sich durch architektonische, künstlerische Elemente aus, die sowohl durch Holzvertäfelung und Einbauten im Direktorenbereich und Sitzungssaal als auch durch die Auswahl der Naturwerksteine im Treppenhaus und in den Fluren einen repräsentativen Gesamteindruck vermitteln. Doch scheint hier gegen Ende der durch das 170-jährige Universitätsjubiläum (4. November 1913) vorgegebenen Bauzeit Zeitdruck entstanden zu sein, so dass manche Natursteinarbeiten nicht mehr mit der vorgesehenen Sorgfalt ausgeführt wurden. Dieser Umstand spiegelt sich besonders in den beidseitigen kastenartigen Konstruktionen aus nur 2 cm starken, schlecht verfugten Platten des Kalksteins Napoléon wider, die beidseitig des Treppenaufgangs angefertigt und mit zierlichen, zu klein erscheinenden Handläufen versehen wurden. Es kann angenommen werden, dass die Kalksteinplatten aus Reparationsleistungen des Deutsch-Französischen Krieges zu den Marmorwerken Funk in Nürnberg gelangt sind und hier verbaut wurden. In anderen repräsentativen Gebäuden dieser Zeit sind oft massive Geländer aus poliertem, edlem Naturstein zu finden. Auch die Platten aus Napoléon-Kalkstein in den Fluren erscheinen etwas rasch angebracht worden zu sein. Die grobkörnigen, bräunlichen Betonkunststeine aus denen die kurzen Mäuerchen mit Durchbruch und Holzbalustern und die Pfeiler hergestellt wurden, wirken leicht störend im gesamten repräsentativen Erscheinungsbild des Treppenhauses. Die schönen Rundbögen mit Kartuschen an den Eingängen zu den Fluren und vor allem die großen lichtgebenden Fenster aus Antikglas mit ziselierter Ornamentik verleihen dem Treppenhaus dagegen seinen großzügigen Eindruck. Das Gebäude der Universitätsbibliothek spiegelt den Wunsch nach einem hochmodernen (Magazintrakt) und gleichzeitig repräsentativen Gebäude (Verwaltungstrakt) wider. Die vollständige Umsetzung dieses Plans scheint unter dem Zeitdruck gelitten zu haben. Man griff daher wohl auch auf gerade verfügbares Material zurück, das wahrscheinlich günstig zu haben war und verwendete größere massive Kalksteine (Napoléon und Treuchtlinger Kalke) nur bei den beiden Wasserbecken in den Fluren. Auch die großen Säulen aus Muschelkalk zeigen, dass sie rasch und ohne weitere Qualitätsauswahl aus unterschiedlichen Muschelkalkschichten entnommen wurden, weshalb sie sowohl im als auch gegen das Lager übereinandergesetzt wurden, was bei derartigen Säulen steintechnisch nicht üblich ist. Der 1914 begonnene Bau des Instituts für Angewandte Chemie spiegelt seine besondere Bestimmung zur Förderung der Forschung im Zusammenhang mit dem ersten Weltkrieg eindrucksvoll wider. Der bis auf »heroische Figuren« über dem Eingangsbereich schnörkellose Bau zeigt die Vorherrschaft von Betonkunststein in der Fassade und in den großen Pfeilern im Treppenhaus. Die Elemente des vom Denkmalschutz besonders hervorgehobenen Holzzauns spannen sich zwischen mit grobem Beton überdeckte Backstein-Pfeilern, die heute besonders starke Schäden durch Abplatzen und Abschalen aufweisen. Der schmucklose Eingangsbereich leitet über zu einem ebenso schmucklosen Inneren mit überwiegend unterschiedlichen, einfarbigen Bodenfliesen und verschiedenen Kunststeinen. Nur die Eingangshalle ist mit dem für Bodenplatten besonders beliebten Solnhofener Kalkstein versehen. Ebenso sind nur der Gedenkstein an Prof. Max Busch, der damalige Rektor der Universität, und die Gedenktafel zur Würdigung der großzügigen Spender zur Errichtung des Baus in Treuchtlinger Kalkstein gefertigt wurden. Die Übergänge zwischen den verschiedenen Typen der Bodenfliesen sind abrupt und grenzen verschiedene Bereiche im Gebäude ab. Dazwischen wurde auch hier das damals hochmoderne Linoleum in großem Maße in unterschiedlichen Farben verwendet. Die großen Fenster aus Antikglas sind von besonderem Interesse. Hier wurde der Zweck des Baus in den verschiedenen Ornamenten in der Mitte der sechs Fenstereinheiten dokumentiert. Von der Erforschung der chemischen Elemente bis hin zu Düngemitteln und schließlich zum Sprengstoff wird der Einfluss der kriegswichtigen, praktischen Forschung deutlich. Die künstlerische Interpretation der hier schwerfälligen Rocaille-Ornamentik lässt keinen interpretatorischen Spielraum und ist wohl dem Wunsch des Auftraggebers angepasst, auf den sich der Künstler eingelassen hat. Glücklicherweise haben kriegsbedingte Schwierigkeiten dazu geführt, dass der Bau erst 1920 also etwa 2 Jahre nach dem Ende des ersten Weltkrieges bezogen werden konnte, und dadurch die kriegswichtigen Forschungsthemen anderen Schwerpunkten weichen mussten. Die Grundstücksgrenze zum heutigen Kitzmann-Areal stellt eine wertvolle, historisch verbürgte Grundstücksgrenze mit einem Teil der historischen Erlanger Stadtmauer dar, der auch bei heute eventuell anstehenden Baumaßnahmen nicht verändert werden darf. Das Direktionszimmer, das sich zentral in der zweiten Etage befindet, fällt aus dem Rahmen des nüchternen Zweckbaus. Hier wurde, wie im Direktionszimmer der Universitätsbibliothek, ein repräsentativer Raum mit einer Verkleidung und Wandschränken aus Eichenholz geschaffen. Dieser Raum wurde in den letzten Jahren als Bibliothek genutzt. Wie in der Universitätsbibliothek sollte das Ensemble des historischen Raumes unter Denkmalschutz gestellt werden
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Description: research
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    Language: German
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2022-12-08
    Description: Während der Corona-Pandemie schrieb der Schüler Pascal Schmitt mit Unterstützung des Vereins Wiechert'sche Erdbebenwarte Göttingen e.V.  im "Homeschooling" eine Facharbeit über die Auswertung seismischer Daten. Darin werden einige Daten eines Nah- und eines Fernbebens analysiert, die in Göttingen an der modernen Station GTTG (STS-2-Seismometer) und der historischen Station GTT (Wiechert-Seismographen) registriert wurden - nah und fern, neu und alt werden miteinander verglichen.
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:551.22 ; ddc:550 ; GTT ; GTTG ; STS-2-Seismometer ; Wiechert-Seismographen ; Nahbeben ; Vergleiche
    Language: German
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2022-12-08
    Description: Aus Anlass des 100. Jahrestages der Gründung der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft im Jahre 1922 in Leipzig erschien 2019 im Verlag Edition am Gutenbergplatz Leipzig das Taschenbuch „Wiechert, Mintrop & Co. – Die 24 Gründungsväter der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft“ von Franz Jacobs und Michael Börngen (s. gleichlautenden Archivbeitrag in DGG-Mitteilungen, 1/2019: 36–37 sowie das anbei dargestellte Titelblatt des Buches). Die damalige Präsidentin und heutige Vize-Präsidentin der DGG, Heidrun Kopp, hat mit einem Geleitwort beigetragen. Das Buch kann über den Buchhandel unter ISBN 978-3-95922-107-8 bestellt werden. Der folgende Artikel erinnert an die Meteorologin Luise Lammert, Schriftführerin der Versammlung, auf der der Gründungsbeschluss gefasst wurde.
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:550 ; Luise Charlotte Lammert
    Language: German
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2022-12-08
    Description: Einer der bekanntesten Forscher in Ungarn war der 1919 verstorbene Lóránd Eötvös. Dieser Artikel wurde zum Gedenken erstellt. Viele wissenschaftliche Theorien und Erfindungen sind mit seinem Namen verbunden. Beispiele sind der Eötvös-Effekt, das Torsionspendel oder die Vermutung der „fünften Kraft“.
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:550 ; Kontinentalwanderung ; Wegener ; polare Abstoßungskraft ; Milanković
    Language: German
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2022-12-09
    Description: Leben und Werk des deutschen Geophysikers und Meteorologen Friedrich Bidlingmaier. In den Jahren 1901-03 nahm er als Physiker an der deutschen Südpolexpedition unter E. von Drygalski teil, dessen Ergebnisse zur Erforschung des Erdmagnetismus beitrugen. Er erfand den Doppelkompass zur Messung der horizontalen geomagnetischen Intensität. Cape Bidlingmaier an der Nordküste von Heard Island im südlichen Indischen Ozean trägt seinen Namen.
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:550 ; Geomagnetismus ; Observatorium
    Language: German
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2022-11-29
    Description: Dieser Beitrag erklärt, wo die Fachzeitschrift Geophysical Journal International (GJI) in Bezug auf Open Access und offene Forschungsdaten steht. GJI wird gemeinsam von der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft (DGG) und der Royal Astronomical Society (RAS) beim Verlag Oxford University Press (OUP) herausgegeben.
    Description: report
    Keywords: ddc:550
    Language: German
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2022-11-29
    Description: Anlässlich des Arbeitstreffens der GeoUm im Rahmen des Bibliothekskongresses 2022 wurde eine kurze Bilanz für den FID GEO bis heute und ein Ausblick auf geplante Entwicklungen für die aktuell beantragte 3. Förderphase vorgetragen
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, GFZ Potsdam
    Description: poster
    Keywords: ddc:550 ; Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften
    Language: German
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2022-11-29
    Description: Die DFG-geförderten Fachinformationsdienste FID GEO, FID Karten und FID Montan unterstützen ihre jeweils eigene Fachcommunity und agieren zudem als gemeinsames Cluster für das System Erde. Im Zentrum stehen elektronisches Publizieren, Erwerbung und Digitalisierung von Spezialliteratur und Karten sowie die Unterstützung bei der Beschaffung von Geodaten und der Publikation von Forschungsdaten. Spezielle Rechercheinstrumente und in den Suchraum eingebundene fachspezifische Literaturnachweisdatenbanken bieten qualifizierten Zugang zu Informationen. Die hier vorgestellten Fachinformationsdienste kooperieren eng miteinander und ergänzen sich in ihren Angeboten für eine verbesserte Forschungsumgebung in der Erdsystemforschung im Sinne offener Wissenschaft. Das gemeinsame Ziel ist, aus dem FID-Cluster ein echtes Netzwerk zu knüpfen, welches interdisziplinär agiert und gleichermaßen fachspezifisch die Bedarfe der Wissenschaft bedient. Die drei Fachinformationsdienste werden einige ihrer Services kurz vorstellen, Beispiele einer kooperativen Zusammenarbeit und gemeinsame Herausforderungen präsentieren.
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen,TU Bergakademie Freiberg, TU Berlin, GFZ Potsdam
    Description: presentation
    Keywords: ddc:550 ; ddc:020 ; ddc:900 ; FID ; Karthographie ; Geowissenschaften ; Montan
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 2022-11-29
    Description: In diesem Poster sollen die Möglichkeiten des offenen Publizierens in den Geowissenschaften, von der Probe über die Daten bis zum fertigen Manuskript und wie der FID GEO diesen Prozess begleitet, gezeigt werden. Hierbei liegt der Fokus auf den Services und Informationssystemen, die dauerhaft verfügbare und verlässlich zitierbare elektronische Publikationen von Schriften und Daten gewährleisten. Es soll das Potenzial und die Nutzbarkeit der beiden Repositorien vorgestellt werden. Der Service der Publikation von Schriften wird im Fachinformationsdienst-eigenem Fachrepositorium GEO-LEOe-docs bereitgestellt. Das fachspezifische Forschungsdaten Repositorium GFZ Data Services steht für die Veröffentlichung von Forschungsdaten und wissenschaftlicher Software aus den Erd- und Umweltwissenschaften zur Verfügung.
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, GFZ Potsdam
    Description: poster
    Keywords: ddc:550 ; Geowissenschaften ; Fachinformationsdienst ; FID GEO
    Language: German
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2022-11-29
    Description: Knowledge sharing in academia has been considered indispensable and is becoming a priority in most European funding schemes. Although we are already quite familiar with the different possibilities to publish our results in open-access journals, open science means way more than that. Open science aims at opening up research processes and granting access to research outputs to researchers, professionals and amateur scientists. There are different ways to ensure the storage and reusability of our data, making it available to other scientists. Furthermore, most of the scientific disciplines migrate their analyses to open-source environments (e.g., R, Phyton). However, tons of code produced remain stored in our personal computers either because we do not know the appropriate tools to share them with our colleagues or because we believe that it is not well structured. In this short course, you would learn how to establish links between publications, data, software and methods. Hence, we will discuss with our experts: i) the options to share our data and code with other peers, ii) obtain some tips to better organize our scripts, and iii) uncover potential barriers to sharing research and discuss possible solutions.
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, GFZ Potsdam
    Description: presentation
    Keywords: ddc:550 ; Repository ; Data Management ; Open Science
    Language: English
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2022-11-29
    Description: The rise of Open Science practices is impacting the entire scientific publishing culture. The transition to Open Access for text publications goes hand in hand with the growing demand to make scientific data and software available to the general public. The FAIR data principles play a key role in this, designed to make research and the underlying data easily findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable for humans and machines. Geosciences data are as diverse as their content. They range from large real-time data streams of international observing networks to small data sets produced by individual researchers at their laboratories. Consequently, there need to be different strategies for data management and publication in which research data repositories can be important partners for the researchers. The Specialised Information Service for Geoscience (FID GEO) is a DFG-funded project that is promoting a holistic approach of Open Science that includes scholarly literature, data, samples, and scientific software equally and pushes for their interlinkage. FID GEO has become an important player for connecting researchers, data repositories, information infrastructures, German geoscientific societies, and publishers. FID GEO actively provides data and text publishing services through its affiliated repositories GFZ Data Services and GEO-LEOe-docs, as well as on-demand digitization of printed geoscience literature and maps. In addition, FID GEO aims to inform the German-based geoscience community about all aspects of Open Science and FAIR data by bringing the discussions to the individual disciplines through various communication channels.
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, GFZ Potsdam
    Description: http://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-13354
    Description: presentation
    Keywords: ddc:550 ; Open Science ; Geoscience
    Language: English
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2022-11-29
    Description: The rise of Open Science practices is impacting the entire scientific publishing culture. The transition to Open Access for text publications goes hand in hand with the growing demand to make scientific data and software available to the general public. The FAIR data principles play a key role in this, designed to make research and the underlying data easily findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable for humans and machines. Geosciences data are as diverse as their content. They range from large real-time data streams of international observing networks to small data sets produced by individual researchers at their laboratories. Consequently, there need to be different strategies for data management and publication in which research data repositories can be important partners for the researchers. The Specialised Information Service for Geoscience (FID GEO) is a DFG-funded project that is promoting a holistic approach of Open Science that includes scholarly literature, data, samples, and scientific software equally and pushes for their interlinkage. FID GEO has become an important player for connecting researchers, data repositories, information infrastructures, German geoscientific societies, and publishers. FID GEO actively provides data and text publishing services through its affiliated repositories GFZ Data Services and GEO-LEOe-docs, as well as on-demand digitization of printed geoscience literature and maps. In addition, FID GEO aims to inform the German-based geoscience community about all aspects of Open Science and FAIR data by bringing the discussions to the individual disciplines through various communication channels.
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, GFZ Potsdam
    Description: presentation
    Keywords: ddc:550 ; Open Science ; Geoscience
    Language: English
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2022-11-29
    Description: FZ Data Services is a domain repository for geosciences data comprising the Earth, Space and Environmental Sciences. It assigns digital object identifier (DOI) to data and scientific software since 2004. Hosted at the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), the repository has a focus on the curation of long-tail data by domain scientists on one hand, but also provides DOI minting services for several global monitoring networks/observatories in geodesy and geophysics and collaborative projects. Furthermore, as Allocating Agent for the International Generic Sample Number (IGSN), the globally unique persistent identifier for physical samples, GFZ is providing IGSN minting services for physical samples. GFZ Data Services increases the interoperability of long-tail data through (1) the provision of comprehensive domain-specific data description via standardised and machine-readable metadata with controlled domain vocabularies. Metadata is (2) complemeted with comprehensive and standardised technical data descriptions or reports; and (3) by embedding the research data in wider context by providing cross-references through Persistent Identifiers (DOI, IGSN, ORCID, Fundref) to related research products (text, data, software) and people or institutions involved. In addition to the task as a research data publisher, GFZ Data Services is the central node for research data management at the GFZ with information on metadata, data formats, the data publication workflow, FAQ, links to different versions of our metadata editor and downloadable data description templates. Specific data publication guidance is complemented by more general information on data management, like a data management roadmap for PhD students.
    Description: GFZ Potsdam
    Description: presentation
    Keywords: ddc:550 ; Data Management ; Repository
    Language: English
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2022-11-29
    Description: Open science practices like the publication of research data promote transparency and quality as well as and visibility of scientific work. It may open up important possibilities for further research. Many research funding agencies, universities and science organisations are committed to the publication of research data as a standard of scientific practice. However, researchers still struggle with data publication, often because curation efforts for data are in competition with other tasks and related uncertainness about impact on career advancement and reputation. A further aspect hindering widespread practice of data publication is lack of awareness of how and where to publish data according to current best practices. To overcome the latter, current elements of best practices in data publishing according to current FAIR and Open recommendations, including insights from the project ‘Enabling FAIR Data in the Earth, Space, and Environmental Sciences’ and examples from the data publishing platform ‘GFZ Data Services’ will be presented. Among others, author requirements for data description, licensing of data sets as well as current efforts in open data metrics will be addressed.
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, GFZ Potsdam
    Description: presentation
    Keywords: ddc:550 ; Data Management ; Open Access
    Language: German
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2022-11-29
    Description: Open Access to scientific literature and research data has significant advantages for researchers as well as for society as a whole. Researchers might gain from increased citation rates and from higher visibility of their research outputs, while researchers as well as the public benefit from a better accessibility of scientific literature and data. Increasingly, funding organisations such as the European Commission in the context of Horizon 2020-funded projects or the 16 national and international members of “Plan S” demand that publications that result from projects funded by them are made openly accessible. The poster outlines the different ways of publishing text and data in Open Access. After a brief overview of reasons for publishing Open Access, it points out different routes for publishing texts in Open Access (in Open-Access-Journals or self-archiving) and major aspects for FAIR and open data publication.
    Description: DFG, GFZ Potsdam
    Description: poster
    Keywords: ddc:550 ; Open Access
    Language: English
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2022-11-29
    Description: Die Fachinformationsdienste FID GEO, FID KARTEN und FID MONTAN veranstalteten eine gemeinsame Online-Session für die geowissenschaftlichen Fachreferate. Dabei wurden die einzelnen Fachinformationsdienste und ihre Services präsentiert und es wurde Gelegenheit geben, über zusätzliche Anforderungen an die Dienste aus Sicht der Fachreferate zu sprechen.
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Description: presentation
    Keywords: ddc:550 ; Open Access ; Text Publikation
    Language: German
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2022-11-29
    Description: The shift towards Open Science practices is increasingly demanded by science policy. The transition to Open Access for text publications goes hand in hand with a growing demand to make data, scientific software and samples, freely and FAIRly available to the general public. A persistent problem here is the clear and permanent accessibility and re-usability of scientific publications. This development affects both the scientific publication culture as well as the information infrastructures and poses major challenges to the German- based geosciences community. The specialized information service for geosciences (FID GEO) is a service funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) and supports the cultural change towards Open Access publications. Hereby, FID GEO pursues a holistic approach to Open Science, including scientific literature, data, samples, and scientific software, and aims to promote their interconnection. FID GEO actively provides data and text publishing services through the affiliated repositories GFZ Data Services and GEO-LEOe-docs, as well as an on-demand digitization service of printed geoscientific literature and maps. The focus here is on the services and information systems that ensure permanently available and reliably citable publications of writings and data. Specifically, the service for text publications is provided in the FID GEOs own subject repository GEO-LEOe- docs. The affiliated research data repository GFZ Data Services is available for the publication of research data and scientific software from the earth and environmental sciences. In addition, FID GEO aims to comprehensively inform the German-based geoscientific community about Open Science and FAIR data by bringing the discussions to the individual disciplines through various communication channels. To strengthen the open information culture in the geosciences, FID GEO collaborates with strategic (inter)national initiatives such as NFDI4Earth, COPDESS and OneGeochemistry.
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, GFZ Potsdam
    Description: poster
    Keywords: ddc:550 ; Open Access
    Language: English
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2022-11-29
    Description: Fachsession für die geowissenschaftlichen Fachreferate, Online Workshop organisiert von FID GEO, FID Karten und FID Montan
    Description: DFG
    Description: presentation
    Keywords: ddc:550 ; Open Access
    Language: German
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2022-11-29
    Description: Der Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften (FID GEO) veranstaltete zusammen mit der geowissenschaftlichen Bibliothek des Geologisches Instituts (GIA) der RWTH Aachen, einen Workshop zu den rechtlichen Fragen der Open-Access-Veröffentlichungen in den Geowissenschaften. Neben der Publikationsunterstützung des FID GEO ging es in dieser Veranstaltung vor allem um die rechtlichen Voraussetzungen des Publizierens in geowissenschaftlichen Verlagen. Dabei wurden die Möglichkeiten und Hürden für junge Wissenschaftler*innen aufgezeigt sowie auf konkrete Verlagsbeispiele eingegangen.
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Description: presentation
    Keywords: ddc:550 ; Open Access ; Urheberrecht
    Language: German
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2022-11-29
    Description: i-EDDA-Research School (BGR Spandau); i-EDDA = Innovative Exploration Drilling and Data Acquisition, https://www.iedda.eu/ ; Datenmanagement Workshop: 05.11.2021
    Description: DFG, GFZ Potsdam
    Description: presentation
    Keywords: ddc:550
    Language: English
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2022-11-29
    Description: The Berlin Declaration from 2003 was the starting point for Open Access to scholarly publications. Today, however, we speak about Open Science that reaches far beyond Open Access and represents collaborative, transparent and accessible research that includes all kinds of research results: scholarly literature, research data, software, samples, instruments, etc. In addition, efforts such as the FAIR Principles and the Enabling FAIR Data Commitment Statement, combined with increasing demands for machine accessibility to data, have raised user expectations towards the capabilities of research data repositories and datacentres. These repositories are often key partners supporting researchers in fulfilling the new requirements. This presentation will draw the line from major statements and requirements of Open Science, delineate the role of research data repositories as well as major research infrastructures, like the fNFDI4Earth or EPOS (European Plate Observing System) are additional players in making research data accessible in harmonised form.
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, GFZ Potsdam
    Description: presentation
    Keywords: ddc:550 ; Data ; Open Science
    Language: English
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2022-11-29
    Description: The German Rectors' Conference was commissioned by the Alliance of German Science Organisations to initiate the DEAL project in order to conclude nationwide licence agreements for the entire portfolio of electronic journals (e-journals) of major science publishers. DEAL negotiates on behalf of almost all German academic institutions such as universities, universities of applied sciences, research institutions, state and regional libraries. The aims of project DEAL are: A) The DEAL institutions have permanent full-text access to the entire title portfolio (e-journals) of the selected publishers. B) All publications by authors from German institutions are automatically made open access (CC-BY, incl. peer review). C) Appropriate pricing according to a simple, future-oriented calculation model based on the volume of publications. The second contract of project DEAL, the contract with the publisher Springer Nature, was signed on 8 January 2020. This contract differs only in a few details from the contract with the publisher Wiley, which was signed on 15 January 2019. The administrative/technical implementation with Wiley has been completed so that authors can publish Open Access under DEAL conditions. The implementation with Springer Nature will be realised within the coming months. The poster summarises the major changes for authors when publishing in Springer Nature and in Wiley journals, provides guidance on how to use the Wiley web-based "Author Dashboard" and explains how the national DEAL agreements differ from the previous "hybrid" publishing in closed access journals.
    Description: DFG, GFZ Potsdam
    Description: poster
    Keywords: ddc:550 ; DEAL ; Open Access
    Language: German
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2022-11-29
    Description: Als DFG-geförderter Service der Niedersächsischen Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen (SUB) und des Deutschen GeoForschungsZentrums GFZ unterstützt der Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften (FID GEO) den Wandel in der Forschungs- und Publikationskultur hin zu Open Science. Die freie Zugänglichkeit, aber auch Praktiken wie die korrekte Dokumentation und Verknüpfung verschiedener Forschungsbestandteile und Veröffentlichungsformate (Probenregistrierung, Datenpublikation, Texte, Karten, Software), stehen hier im Fokus. Der FID GEO bietet mit dem von der SUB Göttingen betriebenen Fachrepositorium GEO-LEOe-docs eine sachgerechte Open-Access-Publikation geowissenschaftlicher Werke an. Liegen diese nur gedruckt vor, übernimmt der FID GEO auch die unentgeltliche und professionelle Digitalisierung im Vorfeld der Online-Veröffentlichung. Seit 2021 ist die Telma auf der Startseite von GEO-LEOe-docs als fortlaufende Netzpublikation prominent hervorgehoben. Bereits seit 2018 erscheint sie parallel zum Druck als frei zugängliche Online-Publikation auf GEO-LEOe-docs. Ein großer Teil älterer TELMA-Artikel konnte digitalisiert und ebenfalls online gestellt werden. Die neueren Entwicklungen im FID GEO, darunter die Einbindung von ORCID und fortlaufenden Netzpublikationen im Repositorium, werden vorgestellt. Auch hat sich das jährliche DownloadVolumen von GEO-LEOe-docs in den letzten vier Jahren (2021 gegenüber 2017) verzehnfacht. Dass die Wissenschaft insgesamt besser vorankommt, wenn vorhergehende Forschungsergebnisse den Forschenden umfassender zugänglich sind, versteht sich. Doch auch für Autor*innen ist die frei zugängliche Publikation ihrer Ergebnisse im Open Access von Vorteil, da sie zu einer erhöhten Verbreitung der Veröffentlichungen führt, die folglich auch häufiger zitiert werden. Ebenso profitieren die Journale davon, da sich ihre Reichweite und damit die Beliebtheit der Zeitschrift erhöht. www.fidgeo.de https://e-docs.geo-leo.de/
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Description: presentation
    Keywords: ddc:550 ; Open Access
    Language: German
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2022-11-29
    Description: In Erklärungen zu data sharing in den data policies von Zeitschriften wird empfohlen bzw. vorgeschrieben, dass Daten, die die Grundlage des Artikels bilden, zur Verfügung gestellt werden. Data policies sind dabei neben der notwendigen technischen Infrastruktur und nicht-technischen Aspekten wie einer positiven persönlichen Einstellung von Wissenschaftler*innen entscheidende Instrumente, um data sharing zum Zwecke der wissenschaftlichen Transparenz und Nachnutzung der Daten zu fördern. Die best practice für die Veröffentlichung von Daten wurde inzwischen für viele Fachdisziplinen beschrieben. Eine häufige Forderung in diesen Empfehlungen ist, dass alle zentralen Forschungsergebnisse in Repositorien publiziert werden, die sich an den FAIR-Prinzipien orientieren. Das bedeutet auch, dass „supplementary electronic material“ auf den Webseiten der Zeitschriftenverlage nicht mehr als primäres Datenarchiv verwendet werden soll. Zeitschriften sollten umfassende, klare und aktuelle Informationen bereitstellen, die allgemeine Grundsätze für die Nachnutzung von Daten sowie die Einzelheiten dessen beschreiben, was von den Autoren in Bezug auf die Bereitstellung von Forschungsdaten erwartet wird. Im ersten Teil der Präsentation werden die wichtigsten Komponenten einer aktuellen journal data policy vor dem Hintergrund neuer Erkenntnisse zu diesem Thema diskutiert. Fachgesellschaften sowie Einrichtungen geben häufig wissenschaftliche Zeitschriften heraus, und als "Eigentümer" der Zeitschriften haben sie die Kontrolle über die Existenz und den Inhalt der data policies der Zeitschriften. Im zweiten Teil der Präsentation wird beschrieben, wie innerhalb weniger Monate im Sommer 2020 eine data policy für die Zeitschrift „Hydrologie und Wasserbewirtschaftung, HyWa“ eingeführt wurde. Die Zeitschrift HyWa ist eine deutschsprachige Fachzeitschrift, herausgegeben durch die gewässerkundlichen Fachverwaltungen des Bundes und der Länder, die Themen der Hydrologie und Wasserwirtschaft umfassend behandeln. Im Sommer 2020 erreichten die HyWa-Redaktion Anfragen seitens universitärer Einrichtungen zur Möglichkeit für Online-Datenanhänge zu einem geplanten Artikel. Um diesem neuen Sachverhalt, der Publizierung von Artikeln mit Fachdaten nachzukommen, wurde unter Abstimmung mit dem HyWa- Redaktionsausschuss und Inkenntnissetzung der HyWa-Editoren mit Unterstützung des Fachinformationsdienstes Geowissenschaften (FID GEO) im August 2020 eine Data Policy erstellt und auf der HyWa-Homepage publiziert (www.hywa-online.de). Die Analyse der Online-Zugriffe auf die neu eingerichtete Webseite zeigt, dass sie stetig wahrgenommen wird.
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, GFZ Potsdam
    Description: presentation
    Keywords: ddc:550
    Language: German
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2022-11-29
    Description: How open is our research? A discussion on the state of Open Science in the field of mineralogy and petrology. Vortrag bei der Arbeitsgruppe Mineralogie+Petrologie der Uni Potsdam, 29.04.2022 A brief look at current trends toward an open science with a focused look at the state of the art in mineralogy and petrology. Followed by a discussion on how research in mineralogy and petrology can become more open.
    Description: DFG, GFZ Potsdam
    Description: presentation
    Keywords: ddc:550 ; Open Access
    Language: English
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2022-11-29
    Description: Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften - Services und Beratungsangebote rund um Open Science für Geowissenschaften. Präsentation beim DFG-Rundgespräch zur Vernetzung von Fachinformationsdiensten mit den Konsortien der Nationalen Forschungsdateninfrastruktur am 08. November 2021 (online)
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, GFZ Potsdam
    Description: presentation
    Keywords: ddc:550 ; NFDI4Earth ; FID GEO
    Language: German
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 2022-11-29
    Description: Open Access für wissenschaftliche Texte / Publikation von Forschungsdaten. Online Workshop, Bundesfachschaftentagung Aachen (10.11.2020) Dieser Workshop hat zwei Schwerpunkte: im ersten Teil geht es um Open Access von Artikeln in Fachzeitschriften, im zweiten Teil wird diskutiert, warum Daten veröffentlicht werden sollen und wie das nach aktuellen Standards einfach möglich ist. Beide Themen sind Aspekte von Open Science: alle Bestandteile des wissenschaftlichen Prozesses sollen über das Internet offen zugänglich und nachnutzbar sein, um neue Möglichkeiten im Umgang mit wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen für Wissenschaft, Gesellschaft und Wirtschaft zu eröffnen.
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, GFZ Potsdam
    Description: presentation
    Keywords: ddc:550 ; Open Access
    Language: German
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2022-12-01
    Description: Die Methode der Spektrale Induzierte Polarisation (SIP) misst die Frequenzabhängigkeit des spezifischen elektrischen Widerstandes von Gesteinen nach Betrag und Phase. In der Frequenzabhängigkeit des Widerstandes spiegelt sich unter anderem die Geometrie des Porenraumes und den darin befindlichen Fluiden wieder. Üblicherweise wird das Widerstandsspektrum mit monofrequenten Signalen sequentiell vermessen. Diese Vorgehensweise erweist sich bei großskaligen Messanordnungen mit hohen Störspannungen als vorteilhaft da die Energie des Messgerätes auf einen schmalen Frequenzbereich konzentriert und eine Unterscheidung von Nutz- und Störfrequenzen erleichtert wird. Bei Labormessungen spielen Störspannungen häufig nur eine untergeordnete Rolle. Wichtiger ist hier ein möglichst hoher Messfortschritt. Am schnellsten ist die sequentielle SIP Messung, wenn jeweils nur Einzelperioden verwendet werden. Bei einer Frequenz pro Oktave, dauert die Gesamtmessung idealerweise doppelt so lange wie die längste Periode andauert. Überlagert man jedoch sämtliche Einzelfrequenzen (multifrequente Anregung) dann benötigt man nur die halbe Zeit. Der höhere Messfortschritt geht jedoch einher mit einer verringerten Messgenauigkeit. Ursache hierfür ist, dass die Einzelamplituden soweit verringert werden müssen, dass die Summenamplitude nicht die maximale Ausgangsspannung des Messgerätes überschreitet. Im Poster wird ein neu entwickeltes 88-kanaliges SIP-Labor-Messgerät (SIP-LAB-FAST) vorgestellt, das eine Anregung mit 1 - 24 Frequenzen gleichzeitig erlaubt. Bei z.B. einer Frequenz pro Octave lässt sich so ein Frequenzbereich von über 7 Dekaden mit einer Einzelmessung vermessen. Eine multifrequente Anregung erfordert auch eine leistungsfähige Hardware zur Echtzeit-Verarbeitung der Zeitreihen von Strom und Spannung. Hierzu wurde für jede Frequenz eine Diskrete Fourier Transformation (DFT) implementiert. Mittels einer multivariaten Kohärenzanalyse werden dann aus den Fourier Koeffizienten das komplexwertige Impedanz-Spektrum, sowie den zugehörigen Vertrauensintervallen berechnet. Durch die freie Wahl des Anregungssignales erhält der SIP Anwender eine erweiterte Möglichkeit den Messablauf optimal an die Fragestellung anzupassen. Ein Vergleich der mono- und multifrequenten Messergebnisse von verschiedenen Materialproben belegt die Leistungsfähigkeit der neuartigen Messtechnik.
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    Keywords: ddc:550 ; Geophysik ; Induzierte Polarisation
    Language: German
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2022-12-01
    Description: Over the last years, installations of wind turbines (WTs) increased worldwide. Owing to negative effects on humans, WTs are often installed in areas with low population density. Because of low anthropogenic noise, these areas are also well suited for sites of seismological stations. As a consequence, WTs are often installed in the same areas as seismological stations. By comparing the noise in recorded data before and after installation of WTs, seismologists noticed a substantial worsening of station quality leading to conflicts between the operators of WTs and earthquake services. In this study, we compare different techniques to reduce or eliminate the disturbing signal from WTs at seismological stations. For this purpose, we selected a seismological station that shows a significant correlation between the power spectral density and the hourly windspeed measurements. Usually, spectral filtering is used to suppress noise in seismic data processing. However, this approach is not effective when noise and signal have overlapping frequency bands which is the case for WT noise. As a first method, we applied the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) on our data to obtain a time-scale representation. From this representation, we estimated a noise threshold function (Langston & Mousavi, 2019) either from noise before the theoretical P-arrival (pre-noise) or using a noise signal from the past with similar ground velocity conditions at the surrounding WTs. Therefore, we installed low cost seismometers at the surrounding WTs to find similar signals at each WT. From these similar signals, we obtain a noise model at the seismological station, which is used to estimate the threshold function. As a second method, we used a denoising autoencoder (DAE) that learns mapping functions to distinguish between noise and signal (Zhu et al., 2019). In our tests, the threshold function performs well when the event is visible in the raw or spectral filtered data, but it fails when WT noise dominates and the event is hidden. In these cases, the DAE removes the WT noise from the data. However, the DAE must be trained with typical noise samples and high signal-to-noise ratio events to distinguish between signal and interfering noise. Using the threshold function and pre-noise can be applied immediately on real-time data and has a low computational cost. Using a noise model from our prerecorded database at the seismological station does not improve the result and it is more time consuming to find similar ground velocity conditions at the surrounding WTs.
    Description: poster
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2022-12-01
    Description: As part of the German continental seismic reflection program (Deutsches Kontinentales Reflexionsseismisches Programm, DEKORP), three large seismic traverses (with the sub-profiles: DEKORP'84-2S and '86-2N; DEKORP'88-9N; DEKORP'90-3A and '90-3B) were measured in the state of Hesse in Germany. The main research topic of DEKORP were deep seismic studies to investigate the lithospheric structure beneath Germany. Thus, for acquisition, strong sources were used to image in these depths, resulting in an excellent S/N ratio, but the main focus was not on the uppermost kilometres. From today's perspective, however, this depth range is of great interest for a wide range of possible technical applications (including medium-deep and deep geothermal projects). The DEKORP profiles cover approx. 450 km in the state of Hesse and mostly cross areas where only insufficient geological data exist (i.e. only few deep boreholes). In order to close or reduce these knowledge gaps, these DEKORP lines were reprocessed in 2019/20. The focus of the reprocessing was on improving the resolution / mapping of geological structures down to a depth of 6 km (approx. 3 s TWT) to describe the prolongation of faults and geological structures in more detail than in previous studies. Nevertheless, deeper structures were also reinterpreted and compared to previous interpretations. The results were directly incorporated into the new geological 3D model of the state of Hesse, developed by the Technical University of Darmstadt (Hessen3D 2.0, BMWi-FKZ: 0325944). In order to achieve these goals and in view of the fact that today's processing methods have improved considerably compared to the 1990‘s, a state-of-the-art reprocessing was applied for all DEKORP profiles traversing the state of Hesse. In comparison to the original processing, additional processing steps like CRS instead of CDP stacking, turning-ray tomography and prestack depth migration were carried out. We present exemplary results of the reprocessing as well as initial geological reinterpretations for the profile DEKORP'88-9N.
    Description: poster
    Keywords: ddc:550 ; DEKORP ; Reprocessing of 2D seismic profiles ; Hesse ; Upper Rhine Graben ; DEKORP'88-9N
    Language: English
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2022-12-01
    Description: The work presented here is part of ongoing studies in the AlpArray initiative and the priority program "MB-4D" regarding the modelling of the lithosphere in the Ligurian Sea (northwestern Mediterranean Sea). It will be based on constraining data from LOBSTER and LISA campaigns of past GEOMAR projects and a study in our research group at CAU Kiel. Our motivation is the combination and interdisciplinary interpretation of independent information from geology, tectonics, geophysics, and petrology. The existing gravity fields, especially the new compilation of the AlpArray Gravity Research Group (AAGRG) is considered as database (high resolution Free Air- and Bouguer anomalies) and the isostatic residual field, besides data of the ICGEM Potsdam (disturbance) and the ESA GOCE gradients for gravity and data for the magnetic field anomaly. The gravity and magnetic fields are analyzed using Euler deconvolution with regularization (R. Pašteka, Comenius University Bratislava) and application of curvature analysis we use both, the fields themselves and their gradients. Besides the calculation of the so-called "3rd derivative" of the gravity potential, we also investigate a possible use of the invariants of the gravity field based on gradient data and compare and correlate the results with structural and tectonic maps in the area of the Ligurian Sea and the adjacent French and Italian mainland. The findings from these comparisons will later be used to initiate the compilation of 3D density and susceptibility models for the studied region.
    Description: poster
    Keywords: ddc:550 ; Gravity gradients, ; curvature gravity field ; Gravity invariants ; Ligurean Sea
    Language: English
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2022-12-01
    Description: FloodRisk is an interdisciplinary project focusing on the effects of mine water level rise in bandoned coal mine regions in Germany. Such effects are heterogeneous ground uplift, stress changes due to the change in pore pressure and the reactivation of potential faults. One of the most directly measurable effects is certainly the induced micro seismicity. It is known from previous studies that the flooding of old mines can lead to a renewed increase level in induced micro seismicity in these regions. In this study the relationship between mine water rise, fluid-induced stress changes and induced seismicity in the Haus Aden dewatering area in the eastern Ruhr area (Germany) will be investigated in more detail. For this purpose, we operate a network of currently 21 short period seismic stations in the region of the former "Bergwerk Ost" colliery, which had the highest seismicity rate in the Ruhr area during active underground coal mining. This network is still to be expanded to cover the entire water drainage area, about 30 Raspberry Shake sensors are waiting for the possibility of installation. Nevertheless, the existing network registered almost 1000 induced micro seismic events in a magnitude range from -0.7 up to 2.6 MLv. Many of these events are spatially clustered and some show quite high waveform similarity. This allows relative localisation and can increase the accuracy of the location. The depth location of the earthquakes, within the limits of localisation accuracy, agrees very well with the distribution of seismicity at the time of active mining. The spatial distribution so far seems to be limited by a large inactive transverse fault in the west. It needs to be clarified what influence this fault has on the propagation of mine water in the underground. The measured temporal trend of the mine water level, after pumps were shut down in mid-2019, shows a strong correlation with the temporal evolution of the observed micro seismicity. In the first months after the pumps are switched off, the water levels at the observation points rise only slowly and isolated microseismic events occur again. In November 2019, the rise in water levels doubled and at the same time, the strongest induced event in the measurement period was recorded with a magnitude of 2.6 MLv . In the following months, the seismicity rate ranged from 8 to 34 events above 0.5 MLv per month, some of which were felt.
    Description: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
    Description: poster
    Keywords: ddc:550 ; induced microseismicity ; FloodRisk ; waveform similarity ; raising mine water level
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2022-12-01
    Description: We introduce an approach for 3D joint interpretation of potential fields and its derivatives under the condition of constraining data and information. The interactive 3D gravity and magnetic application IGMAS (Interactive Gravity and Magnetic Application System) has been around for more than 30 years, initially developed on a mainframe and then transferred to the first DOS PCs, before it was adapted to Linux in the ’90s and finally implemented as a cross-platform Java application with GUI. Since 2019 IGMAS+ is maintained and developed in the Helmholtz Centre Potsdam – GFZ German Research Centre by the staff of Section 4.5 – Basin Modelling and ID2 – eScience Centre. The core of IGMAS+ applies an analytical solution of the volume integral for the gravity and magnetic effect of a homogeneous body. It is based on the reduction of the three-folded integral to an integral over the bounding polyhedrons that are formed by triangles. Later the algorithm has been extended to cover all elements of the gravity tensor as well and the optimized storage enables fast leastsquares inversion of densities and changes to the model geometry and this flexibility makes geometry changes easy. Because of the triangular model structure of model interfaces, IGMAS can handle complex structures (multi- Z surfaces) like the overhangs of salt domes and variable densities due to voxelization. To account for the curvature of the Earth, we use spherical geometries. Therefore IGMAS+ is capable to handle models from big-scale to regional and small-scale models (meters) used in Applied Geophysics.
    Description: poster
    Keywords: ddc:550 ; Potential field modelling ; Complex modelling ; Visualization ; Software development
    Language: English
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2022-12-01
    Description: A new crustal model of the Volga-Uralian subcraton was built. The compilation of the model was subdivided in two steps: (1) inverse gravity modeling followed by (2) thorough forward gravity modeling. For inverse gravity modeling GOCE gravity gradients were used. The effect of the Earth sphericity was taken into account by using tesseroids. Density contrasts between crust and mantle were varied laterally according to the tectonic units present in the region. The model is constrained by the available seismic data including receiver function studies, and deep reflection and refraction profiles. The Moho discontinuity obtained during the gravity inversion was consequently modified, and complemented by the sedimentary cover, upper crust, lower crust, and lithospheric mantle layers in the process of forward gravity modeling. Obtained model showed crustal thickness variation from 34 to more than 55 km in some areas. The thinnest crust with the thickness below 40 km appeared on the Pericaspian basin with the thickest sedimentary column. A relatively thin crust was found along the central Russia rift system, while the thickest crust is located underneath Ural Mountains as well as in the center of the Volga-Uralian subcraton. In both areas the crustal thickness exceeds 50 km. At the same time, the gravity misfit of ca. 95 mGal between the measured Bouguer gravity anomaly and forward calculated gravity field was revealed in the central area of the Volga-Uralian subcraton. This misfit was interpreted and modeled as high-density lower crust which can possibly represent an underplated material. In the end, the new crustal model of Volga-Uralian subcraton respects the gravity and seismic constraints, and reflects the main geological features of the region. This model will be used for further geothermal analysis of the area.
    Description: poster
    Keywords: ddc:550 ; Crustal model ; Gravity ; Inversion ; Volgo-Uralia ; Tesseroids ; Moho
    Language: English
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2022-12-01
    Description: poster
    Keywords: ddc:550
    Language: English
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2022-12-01
    Description: Passive seismische Messungen des Umgebungsrauschens sind effektive und nicht-invasive Methoden, um die Struktur des lokalen Untergrunds und mögliche Verstärkungen seismischer Bodenbewegungen zu ermitteln. Liegt beispielsweise Lockersediment auf Festgestein auf, so kann dies bei seismischen Ereignissen eine verstärkende Wirkung auf die seismische Beanspruchung darüberliegender Gebäude haben. Um einen ersten Überblick über den Standort zu bekommen, wird mithilfe von Einzelstationsmessungen die Fundamentalfrequenz, mit welcher der Untergrund schwingt, ermittelt (H/V-Kurven). Liegt diese in einem ähnlichen Bereich wie die Resonanzfrequenzen von Gebäuden (ca. 1 - 10 Hz) wirkt dies verstärkend, sodass auch seismische Ereignisse mit geringer Magnitude eine erhöhte Einwirkung in Bezug auf Fühlbarkeit und Schäden zur Folge haben. Des Weiteren werden zur Erstellung eines Geschwindigkeit-Tiefen-Profils mehrere Stationen zu einem Array kombiniert. Aus den gemessenen Daten werden mittels einer hochauflösenden Frequenz-Wellenzahl-Analyse (hrFK) und einer räumlichen Autokorrelation (SPAC) Dispersionskurven ermittelt, welche die Phasengeschwindigkeiten von Oberflächenwellen in Abhängigkeit der Frequenz angeben. Die resultierenden Dispersionskurven werden am Ende invertiert, um das Geschwindigkeits-Tiefen-Profil für den lokalen Untergrund zu erhalten. Insgesamt wurden auf den Flussterrassen der Weser drei Array-Messungen an unterschiedlichen Standorten, sowie mehrere H/V-Messungen durchgeführt. Ziel ist es, eine bestmögliche Strategie sowohl für die Vorgehensweise bei den Messungen, als auch für die Auswertung der Daten zu entwickeln und eine bessere Eingrenzung der Tiefenprofile der S-Wellengeschwindigkeiten zu erreichen. So wurde bei der Auswertung der Daten unter anderem eine Trennung in Love- und Rayleigh-Wellen vorgenommen, um die Geschwindigkeitsprofile besser bestimmen zu können. In Zukunft sind zudem Tests mit Variationen der Array-Geometrien geplant, um zukünftige Messungen hinsichtlich Logistik, Messdauer und Personaleinsatz zu optimieren.
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    Keywords: ddc:550
    Language: German
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2022-12-01
    Description: This presentation summarizes input data, procedures and results of probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA) in Bangladesh in the framework of the project ‘Geo information for Urban Planning and Adaptation to Climate Change’. It is a cooperation of the Geological Survey of Bangladesh (GSB) and the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) of Germany. The main aim of the project is to provide city planners with “Ground Suitability Maps”, which display different geo-factors. Seismic hazard is one of the geo-factors that contributes to these maps. For the derivation of “Ground Suitability Maps”, the influence of the local underground conditions will be taken into account additionally. A major part of Bangladesh is located in earthquake prone regions due to active tectonics. The Indian plate moves north-eastward towards the Eurasian plate at a velocity of about 6 cm/year. This motion leads to thrusting to the north (Himalaya) and to subduction to the east together with strike-slip mechanism. The thrusting and subduction processes have caused large historical earthquakes even inside Bangladesh (e.g. 1885 Bengal Earthquake M7 and 1918 Srimangal Earthquake M7.6). Therefore, it is crucial to assess seismic hazard in urban planning in Bangladesh. The input databases were compiled from the literature, reviewed and evaluated in this study. These are earthquake catalogs, the distribution of active faults and ground motion prediction equations. The most consistent and reliable databases were selected to be used in PSHA. The data of the earthquake catalog were declustered to eliminate the duplicated events, aftershocks and foreshocks. The spatial distribution of areal seismic sources was characterized using the distributions of earthquakes in the catalog and active faults. The completeness analysis of the earthquake catalog was performed and the Gutenberg-Richter magnitude recurrence distribution was derived for each seismic source. The results of PSHA are presented in the form of peak ground acceleration (PGA) maps with 10% exceedance probability in 50 years. As usual in regional PSHA, the results were compiled assuming bedrock as underground condition (so-called engineering bedrock with shear velocity of Vs30≥760 m/s). The northern and eastern parts of Bangladesh show the highest seismic hazard with PGA around 0.4 g with 10% exceedance probability in 50 years. This observation was expected because of the active tectonics in these parts.
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    Keywords: ddc:550
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2022-12-01
    Description: Im Standortauswahlgesetz wird in § 22 zum Ausschlusskriterium „Seismische Aktivität“ ausgeführt, dass ein Gebiet nicht als Endlagerstandort geeignet ist, wenn die örtliche seismische Gefährdung größer als in Erdbebenzone 1 nach DIN EN 1998-1/NA:2011-01 ist. Diese Norm wird in Kürze durch eine Aktualisierung ersetzt, die dem Stand von Wissenschaft und Technik entspricht. Der Entwurf hierzu, E DIN EN 1998-1/NA:2018-10, enthält keine Zuordnungen in Erdbebenzonen mehr, sondern weist die seismische Gefährdung räumlich kontinuierlich aus. Die Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR) hat im Auftrag der Bundesgesellschaft für Endlagerung einen Vorschlag zur Anwendung dieses Ausschlusskriteriums unter Verwendung von E DIN EN1998-1/NA:2018-10 erarbeitet. Die BGR schlägt vor, als Grenzwert zur Anwendung des Ausschlusskriteriums den Wert der spektralen Antwortbeschleunigung im Plateaubereich von 1,8 ms-2 in E DIN EN 1998-1/NA:2018-10 zu verwenden. Dieser Wert entspricht der makroseismischen Intensität 7, für den die seismische Gefährdung größer als in Erdbebenzone 1 nach DIN EN 1998-1/NA:2011-01 ist. Für Gebiete, in denen dieser Wert überschritten wird, gilt das Ausschlusskriterium als erfüllt. Grundsätzlich ist das Ausschlusskriterium „Seismische Aktivität“ im Standortauswahlgesetz jedoch wenig geeignet, um die Erdbebengefährdung eines Standortes für ein Endlager für hochradioaktive Abfälle zu ermitteln. Der Bewertungszeitraum für die Sicherheit des Endlagers beträgt eine Million Jahre und unterscheidet sich erheblich vom Betrachtungszeitraum von 50 Jahren der Norm DIN EN 1998-1/NA. Die Intensität bzw. die Beschleunigung gilt für die Erdoberfläche; die Endlagerung hochradioaktiver Abfälle soll jedoch in tiefen geologischen Formationen erfolgen. Neben der Gefährdung aufgrund von seismischen Bodenbewegungen als Bewertungsmaßstab des Ausschlusskriteriums hat eine andere Art der Gefährdung durch Erdbeben für Endlager in tiefen geologischen Formationen eine größere Bedeutung, nämlich bruchartige Verschiebungen im Endlagerbereich. Das Ausschlusskriterium „Seismische Aktivität“ bezieht sich im Unterschied zu allen anderen Ausschlusskriterien im Standortauswahlgesetz § 22 nicht auf ein wissenschaftlich formuliertes Merkmal, sondern auf eine Norm, deren Bemessungsgrößen aufgrund eines Kompromisses zwischen Sicherheitsbetrachtungen und wirtschaftlichen Überlegungen wie erhöhten Baukosten festgelegt wurden.
    Description: poster
    Keywords: ddc:550 ; Seismische Gefährdung ; Endlagerung ; Standortauswahlgesetz ; Baunorm ; Eurocode 8
    Language: German
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2022-12-01
    Description: As part of the EPOS-Norway infrastructure project, NORSAR received funding from the Research Council of Norway for a new regional seismic array on Bjørnøya (Bear Island) in the European Arctic. After along planning phase, a six-element broadband array was installed by NORSAR staff in August 2019 and has been providing data to NORSAR in near real-time since then. Due to several logistical and administrative constraints the 6-element array has an aperture of only 300 m. All sites are equipped with Kinemetrics MBB-2 sensors and Earth Data EDR-209 digitizers that are installed in near-surface vaults. Data are automatically copied to the Norwegian node of the European Integrated Data Archive (EIDA) and are openly available. Due to environmental restrictions less than the planned 9 array sites could be installed on Bjørnøya and the non-used instruments are now available to extend the broadband station Hornsund (HSPB), Southern Spitsbergen, to another small aperture broadband array, also with 6 sites. The array installation had to be postponed because of the ongoing pandemic and is now planned for the Arctic summer 2021.
    Description: poster
    Keywords: ddc:550
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2022-12-01
    Description: Seismotectonic regions are a basic input in seismic hazard assessment. Several seismotectonic zonations for Germany have been proposed in the past. We have developed a new regionalization based on the definition in the German Nuclear Safety Standard: “A seismotectonic unit is a region for which uniformity is assumed regarding seismic activity, geological structure and development and, in particular, regarding neotectonic conditions”. Our new concept aims for transparent implementation of geological criteria, which we initially analyze separately from seismicity. We strive for a better documentation and justification of the geological elements used to delimit seismotectonic regions, based on an analysis of the geological evolution in six time slices from the Permian (300 Ma) to the Present. The time slices are separated by marked changes in the tectonic regime and associated with the development of new fault systems or reactivation of existing ones. The present-day fault network comprises faults from all time slices. For each time slice, a subset of active faults has been extracted based on geological evidence for fault activity at that time. Uncertainties of these age assignments are documented. The fault subsets delimit regions of different strain intensity. The superposition of strain intensity distributions across all time slices identifies regions affected by polyphase deformation and regions nearly undeformed over geological time, potentially indicating areas of increased or reduced present-day seismic hazard. Our new zonation consists of fewer regions than earlier ones. The geological zonation correlates well with recent seismicity in areas of Cenozoic rifting and reasonably well with less frequent earthquakes in a belt affected by Mesozoic extension and contraction. However, a few stronger earthquake cluster in regions of low geological strain. The most prominent earthquake clusters (Swabian Jura, Vogtland / NW Bohemia) also defy a simple correlation with known geological structures.
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2022-12-01
    Description: poster
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2022-12-01
    Description: Übertiefte Täler in den Alpen ermöglichen uns glaziale Sedimentation und somit einen Teil der quartären Klimageschichte zu verstehen. Reflexionsseimsik kann dabei verwendet werden, um punktuelle Bohrlochdaten in die Fläche zu projizieren oder eine potentielle Bohrlokation vorzuerkunden. Im Rahmen des ICDP-Projekts ‚Drilling Overdeepened Alpine Valleys‘ (DOVE) sollen eine Reihe von Bohrungen in alpinen, glazial-übertieften Tälern abgeteuft werden. Eine der Bohrungen soll 2021 in einem übertieften Tal des Rheingletschers bei Basadingen, nahe der deutsch-schweizerischen Grenze abgeteuft werden. In Zusammenarbeit mit der ETH Zürich, wurden zwei Profile im Abstand von ca. 500 m annähernd senkrecht zum Talverlauf aufgenommen. Das erste Profil ist 1246 m lang und bestand aus einer festen Auslage von 624 Geophonen. Das zweite Profil ist 1120 m lang und wurde mit 200 3-Komponenten-Geophonen im roll-along-Verfahren aufgenommen. Für beide Profile wurde bei jedem zweiten Geophon (zwei Meter Geophonabstand) mit einem hydraulischen 4-t Vibrator ein linearer 12-s-Sweep von 20-240 Hz angeregt. Beide seismischen Profile bilden ein asymmetrisches, übertieftes Becken mit ca. 260 m Tiefe ab, wobei der tiefste Bereich nur einen kleinen Teil des breiteren Hauptbeckens einnimmt. Die Auffüllung ist durch mindestens drei Diskordanzen, deutlichen Onlaps und Erosionshorizonten zwischen den Sedimenteinheiten gekennzeichnet. Wir interpretieren die Talfüllung als das Produkt eines hochdynamischen, sedimentären Systems. Der untere Teil, innerhalb des tiefsten Bereichs des Beckens, ist mit chaotisch abgelagerten Sedimenten gefüllt. Der Teil oberhalb einer Diskordanz enthält steil einfallende Reflektoren, die wahrscheinlich 20-30 m mächtige, progradierende Mäanderbanken einer glazial-fluviatilen Umgebung darstellen. Unterhalb des tiefsten Bereichs des Beckens sehen wir Versätze in Reflektoren, die auf Verwerfungen in der Tertiären Molasse hinweisen und mit bekannten Verwerfungen an der Oberfläche korrelieren. Wir vermuten, dass die Verwerfungen das Gestein geschwächt und somit die verstärkte Erosion an dieser Stelle gefördert haben.
    Description: poster
    Keywords: ddc:550 ; Seismik ; Geophysik ; Alpen ; Quartär ; übertieft ; Schweiz ; Beckenfüllung ; Sedimentation ; glazial ; Erosion ; Processing ; DMO
    Language: German
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2022-12-01
    Description: As a result of the joint project ‘Subsurface Potentials for Storage and Economic Use in the North German Basin’ (German acronym: TUNB) the Geological Surveys of Northern Germany and the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) finalized a coherent geological 3D-model of the deep subsurface of the North German Basin in early 2021. The model consists of 13 major base surfaces from Oligocene to Zechstein, fault surfaces and hull surfaces of salt diapirs. In the northwestern part it is based on the datasets of the Tectonic Atlas of NW-Germany (GTA) along with well and seismic data from the hydrocarbon industry. Additionally to modelling the onshore part of Schleswig-Holstein and Hamburg and insuring cross-border consistency to the neighboring federal states, the Geological Survey of Schleswig-Holstein (LLUR) reconstructed a 3D-large-scale velocity model based on previous work from Jaritz et al. (1991). Their velocity approach was developed within the GTA-project and is based on sonic-log and check-shot-velocities. It assumes a linear velocity increase, which is calculated from specific global gradients for different major lithostratigraphic layers and laterally varying starting-velocities. To validate the constructed 3D-velocity-model, its velocities were compared to velocities measured at boreholes by oil and gas companies. In general, a good agreement was found between modeled and measured data (deviation 〈 5%), in which the average velocities seemed to resemble the check-shot data more accurately than the interval velocities the sonic-log-measurements. In distinct locations, the velocity model was used to convert the newly constructed TUNB-horizons from the depth- to the time-domain in order to compare them to seismic sections. Whereas overall a good agreement between horizons and seismic reflectors was found, differences were identified especially in structural complex areas. Whether these can be attributed to earlier interpretations from the GTA, the modelling of the horizons or insufficiencies in the velocity-model has yet to be determined. A follow-up project to the TUNB-project is anticipated to start in early summer 2021. The goal of the project is to derive a consistent velocity model over large parts of the North German Basin. Main challenges will be integrating available borehole and seismic data into existing velocity-modelling approaches with a special focus on establishing cross border consistency to eastern federal states.
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2022-12-01
    Description: Die zerstörungsfreie Ermittlung der Materialfeuchte in Baustoffen ist für das Bauwesen von großer Bedeutung, denn ein erhöhter Feuchteeintrag kann zu Schimmelbildung, Alkali-Kieselsäure-Reaktionen, Korrosion etc. führen und somit ein hohes Schadenspotential mit sich bringen. Auch wenn zur qualitativen Lokalisierung möglicher Schad- und Risikostellen bereits zahlreiche zerstörungsfreie Verfahren in der Praxis Anwendung finden, besteht ein Mangel an quantitativen Verfahren, die auch bei niedrigen Feuchtegehalten sensitiv sind. Eine Methode zur zerstörungsfreien und quantitativen Bestimmung des Feuchtegehaltes und der effektiven Porosität ist die 1H-Kernspinresonzanzmethode (NMR). Da NMR sensitiv für die molekulare Beweglichkeit von Wasserstoffprotonen ist, lassen sich Informationen über die Bindungsform und -stärke sowie der Umgebung (Porengröße und Mineralzusammensetzung) der Wasserstoffprotonen gewinnen. Obwohl es bereits seit über 20 Jahren mobile NMR-Messeräte gibt, wird NMR heutzutage immer noch weitestgehend im Labor eingesetzt. Dies liegt daran, dass sie aufgrund der verwendeten Permanentmagnete schwer sind und nur äußerst geringe Eindringtiefen ermöglichen. In einer derzeit laufenden Forschungsarbeit wird deshalb ein speziell für Bohrkerne entworfener NMR-Tomograph eingesetzt. Mit seiner minimalen Echozeit von 50 µs lässt sich (abhängig von der Oberflächenrelaxivität) Wasser bis in nanometergroßen Poren erfassen. Um die Sensitivität von NMR bei Teilsättigung zu untersuchen, wurden verschiedene Sandsteinproben in Exsikkatoren mit relativen Luftfeuchten im Bereich von 33 % bis 96 % gelagert. Als Referenzen dienen zum einen das NMR-Signal bei Vollsättigung und zum anderen die Porengrößenverteilung aus Quecksilberporosimetriemessungen (MIP). Um die NMR-Sensitivität zu bewerten, wird die Korrelation der NMR-Amplitude mit den gravimetrisch ermittelten Feuchtegehalten sowie ein Vergleich der Porosität aus NMR und MIP betrachtet. Zu beachten ist in diesem Zusammenhang, dass sowohl die Reduzierung der Wasserfilmdicke als auch die Verkleinerung von Porengrößen zu einer ähnlichen Verkürzung der T2-Relaxationszeit führt. Als Ausblick wird ein Lösungsansatz vorgestellt, bei dem die NMR-Signale mit der Wasserfilmdickenberechnung basierend auf der relativen Luftfeuchte im Material korreliert werden.
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    Language: German
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2022-12-01
    Description: About 25% of the Earth’s mid-ocean ridges spread at ultraslow rates of less than 20 mm/yr. However, most of these ultraslow spreading ridges are located in geographically remote areas, which hamper investigation. Consequently, how the crust forms and ages at such spreading centres, which traditional models predict to be magma-starved and cold, remains poorly understood. One of the most accessible ultra-slow spreading centres is the Mid Cayman Spreading Centre (MCSC), in the Caribbean Sea, with spreading rates of ~15-17 mm/yr. CAYSEIS project was proposed to survey the Cayman Trough area in order to obtain new data that constraints the nature of the crust, tectonic structures, lithologies outcropping and hydrothermal processes taking place in this area. Understanding the sub-seabed geophysical structure of the MCSC is key to understanding not only the lithologies and structures exposed at the seabed, but more fundamentally, how they are related at depth and what role hydrothermal fluid flow plays in the geodynamics of ultraslow spreading. CAYSEIS was a joint and multidisciplinary programme of German, British and US American top tier scientists designed for the obtaining of a new high-quality dataset, including 3D Wide-Angle Seismic (WAS), magnetic, gravimetric and seismological data. During the CAYMAN project, we took leverage of the CAYSEIS dataset to invert a 3D tomographic model of the Cayman Trough lithosphere using the Tomo3D code (Meléndez et al., 2015; 2019). This is one of the first times that the Tomo3D code is used for 3D inversion of real datasets. Thus, we are checking our results comparing them with tomographic inversions of 2D lines and testing the different parameters to obtain the more accurate and higher resolution model as possible. The results of this experiment will show not only the lithospheric structure along and across the MSCS, including the exhumed Ocean Core Complexes in the surrounding areas, but the 3D lithospheric configuration of the region which is important to understand the crustal formation processes and the evolution of ultra-slow spreading settings.
    Description: Poster
    Description: poster
    Keywords: ddc:550 ; 3D tomography ; crustal characterization ; ultra-slow spreading ; Cayman Trough
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:conferenceObject
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2022-12-01
    Description: The ongoing activity of Mount Etna and the proximity to the nearby population requires constant monitoring. Infrasound recordings play an important role in volcanic observation because explosive activity near or above ground as well as shallow tremor processes are easier to identify with airborne sound waves than with seismic waves that are significantly scattered and refracted in the volcano edifice. However, infrasound signals are often blurred by noise, in case of Mount Etna, mostly wind induced noise. manual distinction of noisy data from real volcanogenic signals brings along a considerable effort and requires expert knowledge. At Mount Etna five summit craters are currently known with fluctuating levels of activity. This leads to a wide variety of infrasound signal patterns interfered by changing noise levels. In order to distinguish waveforms of noise from signals of volcanic origin we apply unsupervised pattern recognition techniques. We show that by extracting features from the amplitude spectrum different infrasound regimes can be distinguished with Self-Organizing maps (SOMs). This technique provides an option to color-code the results for an intuitive interpretation and allows even for a more detailed recognition of transitional activity regimes. We create a reference data set from multiple months of infrasound waveforms to include as many activity regimes as possible to train the SOM. This enables a fast classification of new data.
    Description: poster
    Keywords: ddc:550 ; Infrasound ; Pattern Recognition ; Volcano Monitoring ; Etna
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:conferenceObject
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