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  • Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution  (400)
  • International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • 2020-2023  (405)
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  • 101
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-31
    Description: Lagenorhynchus acutus (Atlantic white-sided dolphin) - NBM-005916 - male - unknown length - Pelvic location - New Brunswick Museum
    Keywords: Lagenorhynchus acutus ; Atlantic white-sided dolphin
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Still Image
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  • 102
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-31
    Description: Lagenorhynchus acutus (Atlantic white-sided dolphin) - CCSN-03-029 - male - 2.47 m - Pelvic location - University of Georgia
    Keywords: Lagenorhynchus acutus ; Atlantic white-sided dolphin
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 103
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-31
    Description: Lagenorhynchus acutus (Atlantic white-sided dolphin) - CCSN-03-019I - male - 2.44 m - Pelvic location - Whate Center of New England
    Keywords: Lagenorhynchus acutus ; Atlantic white-sided dolphin
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Still Image
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  • 104
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-31
    Description: Lagenorhynchus acutus (Atlantic white-sided dolphin) - MH-00-724 - male - 2.47 m - Pelvic location - unknown
    Keywords: Lagenorhynchus acutus ; Atlantic white-sided dolphin
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 105
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-31
    Description: Phocoenoides dalli (Dall's porpoise) - LACM-054737 - male - unknown length - Pelvic location - LA County Museum
    Keywords: Phocoenoides dalli ; Dall's porpoise
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Still Image
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  • 106
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-31
    Description: Phocoenoides dalli (Dall's porpoise) - CVM-3523 - female - unknown length - Pelvic location - Vancouver Museum
    Keywords: Phocoenoides dalli ; Dall's porpoise
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 107
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-31
    Description: Phocoenoides dalli (Dall's porpoise) - LACM-084251 - male - 2.25 m - Pelvic location - LA County Museum
    Keywords: Phocoenoides dalli ; Dall's porpoise
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 108
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-31
    Description: Phocoenoides dalli (Dall's porpoise) - LACM-054109 - male - 1.94 m - Pelvic location - LA County Museum
    Keywords: Phocoenoides dalli ; Dall's porpoise
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 109
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-31
    Description: Phocoenoides dalli (Dall's porpoise) - LACM-054616 - male - unknown length - Pelvic location - LA County Museum
    Keywords: Phocoenoides dalli ; Dall's porpoise
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 110
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-31
    Description: Lagenorhynchus obliquidens (Pacific white-sided dolphin) - MCZ-49084 - unknown sex - unknown length - Pelvic location - Harvard University
    Keywords: Lagenorhynchus obliquidens ; Pacific white-sided dolphin
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Still Image
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  • 111
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-31
    Description: Pontoporia blainvillei (La Plata river dolphin) - AMNH-205922 - unknown sex - unknown length - Pelvic location - American Museum of Natural History
    Keywords: Pontoporia blainvillei ; La Plata river dolphin
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 112
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-31
    Description: Lagenodelpgis hosei (Fraser's dolphin) - MCZ-52979 - female - 2.28 m - Pelvic location - Harvard University
    Keywords: Lagenodelpgis hosei ; Fraser's dolphin
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 113
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-31
    Description: Ziphius cavirostris (Cuvier's beaked whale) - UF-24880 - male - unknown length - Pelvic location - University of Florida
    Keywords: Ziphius cavirostris ; Cuvier's beaked whale
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 114
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-31
    Description: Balaenoptera ricei (Rice's whale) - USNM-594665 - male - 11.26 m - Pelvic location - Smithsonian
    Keywords: Balaenoptera ricei ; Rice's whale
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 115
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-31
    Description: Phocoenoides dalli (Dall's porpoise) - NBM-005722 - female - 1.79 m - Pelvic location - New Brunswick Museum
    Keywords: Phocoenoides dalli ; Dall's porpoise
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 116
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-31
    Description: Phocoenoides dalli (Dall's porpoise) - CVM-2795 - female - unknown length - Pelvic location - Vancouver Museum
    Keywords: Phocoenoides dalli ; Dall's porpoise
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 117
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-31
    Description: Lagenodelpgis hosei (Fraser's dolphin) - MCZ-54379 - unknown sex - unknown length - Pelvic location - Harvard University
    Keywords: Lagenodelpgis hosei ; Fraser's dolphin
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 118
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-31
    Description: Ziphius cavirostris (Cuvier's beaked whale) - CVM-7999 - female - unknown length - Pelvic location - Vancouver Museum
    Keywords: Ziphius cavirostris ; Cuvier's beaked whale
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 119
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-31
    Description: Mesoplodon europaeus (Gervais' beaked whale) - UF-25453 - male - 4.20 m - Pelvic location - University of Florida
    Keywords: Mesoplodon europaeus ; Gervais' beaked whale
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 120
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-31
    Description: Ziphius cavirostris (Cuvier's beaked whale) - FU-17548 - female - 4.88 m - Pelvic location - University of Florida
    Keywords: Ziphius cavirostris ; Cuvier's beaked whale
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 121
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-31
    Description: Ziphius cavirostris (Cuvier's beaked whale) - UF-24633 - unknown sex - 2.37 m - Pelvic location - University of Florida
    Keywords: Ziphius cavirostris ; Cuvier's beaked whale
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 122
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-31
    Description: Ziphius cavirostris (Cuvier's beaked whale) - SYZC-1402 - male - 5.70 m - Pelvic location - Mystic Aquarium
    Keywords: Ziphius cavirostris ; Cuvier's beaked whale
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 123
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-31
    Description: Mesoplodon mirus (True's beaked whale) - AMNH-90053 - unknown sex - unknown length - Pelvic location - American Museum of Natural History
    Keywords: Mesoplodon mirus ; True's beaked whale
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 124
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-31
    Description: Sotalia fluviatilis (Tucuxi) - LACM-019594 - female - unknown length - Pelvic location - LA County Museusm
    Keywords: Sotalia fluviatilis ; Tucuxi
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 125
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-31
    Description: Mesoplodon europaeus (Gervais' beaked whale) - CAHA-104 - male - 3.56 m - Pelvic location - unknown
    Keywords: Mesoplodon europaeus ; Gervais' beaked whale
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 126
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-31
    Description: Mesoplodon stejneggri (Stejneger's beaked whale) - BCPM-7408 - unknown sex - unknown length - Pelvic location - Royal BC Museum
    Keywords: Mesoplodon stejneggri ; Stejneger's beaked whale
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 127
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-31
    Description: Berardius bairdii (Baird's beaked whale) - AMNH-33197 - unknown sex - unknown length - Pelvic location - American Museum of Natural History
    Keywords: Berardius bairdii ; Baird's beaked whale
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 128
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-31
    Description: Lagenorhynchus obliquidens (Pacific white-sided dolphin) - CVM-17158 - male -unknown length - Pelvic location - Vancouver Musesum
    Keywords: Lagenorhynchus obliquidens ; Pacific white-sided dolphin
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 129
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-06-01
    Description: This data was collected by a team led by Kirincich as part of a Metocean monitoring campaign sponsored by the Massachusetts Clean Energy Center (MassCEC). The campaign was designed to observe key atmospheric and ocean parameters at an existing offshore platform in the proximity of the Massachusetts and Rhode Island Wind Energy Areas. The campaign supported the purchase and installation of a LIDAR wind profiler, two cup anemometers and a wind direction vane at the MVCO Air-Sea Interaction Tower (ASIT). These instruments were installed and operated by WHOI and validated by UL-AWS Truepower following a MetOcean Measurement Plan created by UL-AWST, WHOI, and the MassCEC. All instruments were installed on WHOI's offshore tower in the fall of 2016 and operated continuously, as possible, through the end of 2020. After this time the project transitioned to become the MetOcean Reference Site (MORS-1), supported by the National Offshore Wind Research and Development Consortium (NOWRDC).
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Other
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  • 130
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-06-01
    Description: This zipped content contains Lidar summary data: Daily 10-minute average files from 53-200m amsl for 2021.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Dataset
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  • 131
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-06-01
    Description: This data was collected by a team led by Kirincich as part of a Metocean monitoring campaign sponsored by the Massachusetts Clean Energy Center (MassCEC). The campaign was designed to observe key atmospheric and ocean parameters at an existing offshore platform in the proximity of the Massachusetts and Rhode Island Wind Energy Areas. The campaign supported the purchase and installation of a LIDAR wind profiler, two cup anemometers and a wind direction vane at the MVCO Air-Sea Interaction Tower (ASIT). These instruments were installed and operated by WHOI and validated by UL-AWS Truepower following a MetOcean Measurement Plan created by UL-AWST, WHOI, and the MassCEC. All instruments were installed on WHOI's offshore tower in the fall of 2016 and operated continuously, as possible, through the end of 2020. After this time the project transitioned to become the MetOcean Reference Site (MORS-1), supported by the National Offshore Wind Research and Development Consortium (NOWRDC).
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 132
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-06-01
    Description: Meteorological tower daily data for 2021
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 133
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-06-01
    Description: Meteorological tower monthly summary data for 2021
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 134
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-06-01
    Description: This report compares the wind characteristics of Lidar WLS7 436, a Windcube v2.0 lidar, and Lidar ZX1166, a ZX Lidars ZX300M, comprising part of the Met Ocean Reference Station (MORS-1) situated on the Air-Sea Interaction Tower (ASIT) located approximately 3 km south of Martha’s Vineyard in 17-m of water. The ASIT is a cabled, fixed platform that has a maximum height of 23 m above mean sea level (MSL) and a platform located at 13 m MSL. The ASIT operates within the Martha’s Vineyard Coastal Observatory (MVCO) facility established in 2001 and is operated by Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI). Remote sensing data collection commenced at the ASIT in October 2016 with the initial deployment of Lidar WLS7 436 as part of a metocean initiative funded by the Massachusetts Clean Energy Center (MassCEC)1. WHOI later established the MORS-1 campaign in 2021. Lidar ZX1166, a calibrated ZX Lidars ZX300M, was deployed to the ASIT platform on 1 September 2021. Lidar WLS7 436 was removed from the platform on 8 October 2021. Site information, a table of concurrent mean wind speeds at each measurement level between 60 m and 200 m, scatterplots of concurrent wind speeds at each measurement level between 60 m and 200 m, wind speed frequency distributions and wind roses at two key measurement levels, and a plot of concurrent wind shear are presented below for the period that the two lidars were present on the ASIT platform. For their concurrent period of record, wind speed and direction data at the same measurement levels agreed closely between the two lidars.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 135
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-06-01
    Description: On behalf of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (“WHOI”), UL Services Group LLC (“UL”) conducted a verification1 of a ground-based remote sensing device (“RSD”) according to IEC 61400-12-1 Ed. 2 [1] Annex L. The Lidar ZX 300M was collocated with a 130 m mast at UL’s Advanced Wind Turbine Test Facility at West Texas A&M University, near Canyon, Texas. This report describes the measurement site, the mast and RSD equipment, and the results from the verification. The verification results include the linear regression relationships between wind speed, wind direction, shear, and turbulence intensity for each coincident height.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 136
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-06-01
    Description: Unit is located on an Ocean met mast. There is a platform approximately 11 meter off the water line. with another 15 meters of lattice tower above it. The site is approximately 2.75 kilometers off the Southeast coast of Martha’s Vineyard.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 137
    Publication Date: 2022-06-14
    Description: This project investigated the distribution of low dissolved oxygen bottom waters (hypoxia) in southern Cape Cod Bay. Hypoxia was documented for the first time in late summer 2019 and 2020 despite extensive monitoring for the past decade. The data include: 1) measurements of bottom dissolved oxygen collected in 2019 by the Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries (MDMF) and the Center for Coastal Studies (CCS) ; 2) full water column profiles of temperature, salinity, chlorophyll fluorescence, dissolved oxygen concentration and optical backscatter collected in late summer 2020 by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI); 3) monthly water quality data including CTD with dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll fluorescence and discrete bottom samples analyzed for dissolved nutrients collected by the CCS for the period 2011-2020; 4) inorganic nutrients from discrete surface and bottom samples collected monthly for the period 2006-2020; 5) bottom temperature data collected the Wreck of Mars location by the MDMF over the period 1991-2021. There are four separate data sets included: 1) MDMF and CCS bottom dissolved oxygn from 2019; 2) CTD and ancillary data collected by WHOI in 2019; 3) CCS monthly survey data from 2011-2020; and 4) bottom temperature data collected by MDMF for 1991-2021. 1) MDMF/CCS dissolved oxygen data was collected from ship-based surveys using an YSI 6920 V2-2 data sonde; 2) WHOI CTD data was collected from vertical casts made from a small research vessel using an RBR CTD; 3) CCS CTD data was collected from vertical casts made from a small research vessel using a SeaBird Electronics CTD; 4) MDMF temperature data was collected from a bottom mounted temperature logger. Related Publications: Scully, M.E., W.R. Geyer, D. Borkman, T.L. Pouch, A. Costa, and O.C. Nichols, in press. Unprecedented summer hypoxia in southern Cape Cod Bay: An ecological response to regional climate change? Biogeosciences.
    Description: National Science Foundation - OCE- 2053240 NOAA Seagrant - NA20OAR4170506
    Keywords: Hypoxia ; Harmful Algal Blooms ; Climate Change ; Thermal stratification
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 138
    Publication Date: 2022-08-11
    Description: The methanogenic degradation of oil hydrocarbons can proceed through syntrophic partnerships of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria and methanogenic archaea1,2,3. However, recent culture-independent studies have suggested that the archaeon ‘Candidatus Methanoliparum’ alone can combine the degradation of long-chain alkanes with methanogenesis4,5. Here we cultured Ca. Methanoliparum from a subsurface oil reservoir. Molecular analyses revealed that Ca. Methanoliparum contains and overexpresses genes encoding alkyl-coenzyme M reductases and methyl-coenzyme M reductases, the marker genes for archaeal multicarbon alkane and methane metabolism. Incubation experiments with different substrates and mass spectrometric detection of coenzyme-M-bound intermediates confirm that Ca. Methanoliparum thrives not only on a variety of long-chain alkanes, but also on n-alkylcyclohexanes and n-alkylbenzenes with long n-alkyl (C≥13) moieties. By contrast, short-chain alkanes (such as ethane to octane) or aromatics with short alkyl chains (C≤12) were not consumed. The wide distribution of Ca. Methanoliparum4,5,6 in oil-rich environments indicates that this alkylotrophic methanogen may have a crucial role in the transformation of hydrocarbons into methane.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 139
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Late in 1955 the Deep Water Propagation Committee recommended procurement of 10 sets of sound analysis equipment to be distributed to laboratories working in the field of underwater acoustics. This recommendation was made to be one of the objectives of Contract Nonr-2129. The equipment, including filters for spectrum analysis, was to compute the time integral of the square of the filter output voltages as discussed by Officer and Dietz (1953), WHOI Ref. No. 53-46. In view of the fact that correlation studies are becoming more important it was recommended that the equipment have an optional mode of operation in which it could compute the time integral of the product of two voltages. Multichannel computers were recommended because analysis of data from one hydrophone for one frequency band at one time is much too slow in view of the large amount of data to be processed. Eight channels per computer were chosen because this is the largest number available in standard direct-writing recorders.
    Description: Undersea Warfare Branch, Office of Naval Research, under Contract Nonr- 2129(00) (NR 261-104).
    Keywords: Sound analyzers ; Sonar
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 140
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Land-based High Frequency (HF) Radars provide critically important observations of the coastal ocean that will be adversely affected by the spinning blades of utility-scale wind turbines. Pathways to mitigate the interference of turbines on HF radar observations exist for small number of turbines; however, a greatly increased pace of research is required to understand how to minimize the complex interference patterns that will be caused by the large arrays of turbines planned for the U.S. outer continental shelf. To support the U.S.’s operational and scientific needs, HF radars must be able to collect high-quality measurements of the ocean’s surface inand around areas with significant numbers of wind turbines. This is a solvable problem, but given the rapid pace of wind energy development, immediate action is needed to ensure that HF radar wind turbine interference mitigation efforts keep pace with the planned build out of turbines.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Working Paper
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  • 141
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Pendulum Program: During subject period Dr. Rose completed the rebuilding of the recording system for the pendulum so that visual records could be obtained with a standard oscillograph type camera. The first teat runs with this equipment showed that the accuracy of observataion was materially improved in that the period could be read with greater precision than was obtainable with the Berkeley counter direct read out system. A field run was made the last of October, which included observations at the following sites: Madison, Wisconsin Washington, D. C. Charleston, S. C. Key West, Florida Lamont Geological Observatory, N. Y. Otta, Canada Measurements were taken on a repeat basis on the return leg at each site and the reliability on the basis of a statistical analysis of the results was approximately 0.1 mgal.
    Description: Contract AF19(604) 2157 with the Geophysics Research Directorate Air Force Cambridge Research Center Air Research and Development Command
    Keywords: Gravity--Measurement
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 142
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: This is a progress report of the Institution's research between April and 30 June 1961 supported under Contract NObsr-72521 with the Bureau of Ships, Navy Department. The program consists of studies of compressional wave transmission (sound and seismic waves) through sea water and the underlying earth's crust, the ambient noise of the ocean, and the scattering of sound in the sea and beneath the ocean floor. During the present reporting period sound transmission studies have included laboratory analysis of data taken previously in a continuing program directed toward describing near-surface transmission into the shadow zone, and toward accounting for the variability of near-surface . transmission under nominally "good" sonar conditions . Seismic studies consisted of analysis of seismic refraction data taken two years ago in: the Mediterranean, completion of a report of a seismic reflection study of the southern part of Narragansett Bay, extension of this latter study into Rhode Island Sound, and a series of new measurements of the apparent reflectivity of the bottom at 12 kcps. In the sound-scattering program we accepted delivery of a small towed fish containing sound gear for scattering experiments over near-horizontal paths. This instrument was taken to sea on CHAIN for initial testing and self-noise measurements. A series of tests of new sound sources, supported under Contract Nonr-1367, have demonstrated that seismic reflection observations can be made in deep ocean basins from a ship underway slowly using only such electrically-powered sources as Thumper or Sparker. Sub-bottom structures have been mapped in fine detail experimentally in water over 2600 fathoms deep. This work was done with a Thumper having a 5000-joule electrical input . Plans have been made for increasing the electrical input of Thumper to about 13, 000 joules and Sparker to 25, 000 joules. We plan to use these new sound sources in sound transmission experiments this summer and fall in the Mediterranean Sea. As an extra-curricular hobby Miss Broughton, a technical assistant at the Institution, made interesting magnetic tape recordings of the sounds of a small pilot whale stranded on a local beach. She held microphones on the whale's head near the blow hole. The recorded sounds are rather different from those heard through the water near pilot whales. These and other parts of our work are detailed below.
    Description: Bureau of Ships Under Contract NObsr-72521
    Keywords: Sonar ; Underwater acoustics ; Submarine geology
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 143
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: This is a status report for the six-month's period indicated. It includes the closing phase of a long cruise of CHAIN to the Mediterranean Sea during which circulation of the waters of the eastern Mediterranean were studied and sound transmission, seismic reflection, and shallow thermal structure measurements were made at various places in the Mediterranean and the North Atlantic. During the remainder of the period various geophysical, geological, and hydroacoustical analyses were conducted at Woods Hole and preparations for the summer cruising season were made.
    Description: The Undersea Warfare Branch Office of Naval Research Under Contracts Nonr - 1367 (OO)NR261-102 and Nonr-2129(00)NR261-104
    Keywords: Underwater acoustics
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 144
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: The successful promulgation of any regional gravity program carried out with gravimeters depends upon several factors. These can be described as (1) instrumental characteristics, (2) calibration standard, (3) method of survey, and (4) reduction procedure. It is assumed the instrument is reliable, has adequate range, and that the observer takes normal precautions to secure good data. Although much research has been devoted to the study of the effect of slight imperfections in the pitch of the reading dial screw, reading dial graduation error, effect of pressure and temperature changes on instrumental drift rate and readings, linearity of response, and calibration stability, all that has been ascertained is that each instrument constitutes an individual problem, and that no 'two instruments have the same characteristics although in gross terms they may be identical. Therefore, in order for data obtained using several gravimeters, or data obtained by several unrelated groups to be integrated it is necessary that there be some standards for either evaluating the instruments used directly or the data obtained through spot check observations with a standardized instrument.
    Description: Contract AF 08 (614) • 2923 with the Air Force 138lst Geodetic Squadron, Air Photo and Charting Service, Orlando A.F .B. • Florida
    Keywords: Gravity
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  • 145
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: This report describes the Sweep-Synchronized Positionable Trigger, together with its functions and supplementary components, as designed and built for use with the Precision Graphic Recorder (PGR) at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. The positionable trigger provides a means for plotting a variable on the PGR record as a function of time, for triggering equipment such as oscilloscopes at any time, for displaying ship's heading, and for supplying, semi-automatically, ocean depth to a ship- board computer.
    Description: The Office of Naval Research under Contract Nonr- 40 29(00)
    Keywords: Recording instruments
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    Type: Technical Report
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  • 146
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    Unknown
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: An evaluation was made of the importance of marine zooplankton in elemental cycling and transport of elements through the thermocline. Zooplankton density was measured in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Some measurement of elemental elimination rates were made using zooplankton labeled by fallout from a nuclear test; other measurements used animals tagged with tracer Il31 or ca58. The turnover time for cobalt in the upper 100 m of the sea is not more than 100 years based on cobalt flux rates in zooplankton alone (U).
    Description: U. S. Atomic Energy Commission contract AT(30-l) -3145
    Keywords: Zooplankton ; Marine ecology
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 147
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: The theory of oblique-angle seismic reflectivity, as applied to oceanographic research, is presented. An experiment has been developed in which continuous oblique reflection profiles were made by towing an acoustic source behind a ship and listening with a hydrophone suspended beneath a free-floating radio buoy. Information received at the hydrophone was transmitted to the ship and recorded on magnetic tape. Energies of the bottom-reflected signals have been calculated for varying angles of incidence and the corresponding reflectivities produced. Results from the Tyrrhenian Sea and from north of Puerto Rico indicate the possibility that the sound velocity in the first-layer sediments is less than the sound velocity of the bottom water.
    Description: The Bureau of Ships Under Contract NObsr-89464
    Keywords: Marine sediments
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 148
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: The Deep Submergence Research Program at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) entered into the first full operational year during 1966. ALVIN and the support catamaran underwent modification and overhaul during the winter months. ALVIN played a key role in the successful recovery of an H-Bomb lost in the sea off Palomares, Spain. This operation is reported in some detail . ALVIN then embarked on a series of dives supported by the catamaran . One series off Bermuda was to inspect the ARTEMIS array. Transit was then made to Tongue-of-the-Ocean (TOTO) in the Bahamas. There portions of the AUTEC range were inspected, several WHOI science dives were made, and a diving program carried out for the Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) . After tow back to Woods Hole, two science dives were made and both ALVIN and the catamaran went into an extensive refit and inspection period. The plans for this activity are reported in some detail. A new ALVIN-type submersible is under design and construction at Electric Boat Division of General Dynamics Corporation.
    Description: The Office of Naval Research under Contract Nonr-3484(00) NR 260-107.
    Keywords: Manned undersea research stations ; Oceanographic submersibles
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  • 149
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Also published as: Buoy Technology, Transactions 2nd International Buoy Technology Symposium/Exposition, Washington, D.C., September 18-20, 1967, pp.409-418, 1967.
    Description: Since January 1965,a program has been underway at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, to measure currents at a limited number of fixed sites on a year round basis. Initially, one site was instrumented with both surface and subsurface moorings. The program has now been expanded to 4 major sites, extending along 70°W, from 39°20 ' N to the Hatteras Abyssal Plain at 30°N . In nearly three years of operation, a total of 65 moorings have been placed at the working sites, for periods up to six months. Recoveries from these sites have provided many velocity records of excellent quality. The repetitive exposure of moorings of essentially similar design under relatively standardized conditions has served to define clearly the design and operational problems that are inherent in such a program. A brief account is given of some of the problems encountered in routine buoy setting operations, and some of the results obtained from the measurements.
    Description: The Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-66-C0241~ NR 083-004.
    Keywords: Ocean currents ; Oceanographic buoys
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  • 150
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Hoagland, Porter; Jin, Di; Holland, Michael; Kostel, Ken; Taylor, Eric; Renier, Natalie; Holmes, Mark. 2019. Value beyond view: illuminating the human benefits of the ocean twilight zone. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 35 pp.
    Description: The twilight zone is a fundamental part of the ocean ecosystem, playing an important role in carbon sequestration and marine food webs and supporting the natural function of many planetary processes. Ecosystem services provided by the twilight zone are highly beneficial to humans, but they occur largely out of sight and they are undervalued by society as a result. To better evaluate the benefits that the twilight zone provides, an ecosystem service framework provides a way to organize our thinking about them and even to quantify their economic value. With this information at hand, leaders and policymakers can think more carefully about what we stand to gain or lose from actions that affect the twilight zone and the broader ocean environment to which it is tightly linked, particularly as we strive for the sustainable use of marine resources. The title was changed from "Ecosystem Services of the Mesopelagic" to "Value beyond view: illuminating the human benefits of the ocean twilight zone."
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Other
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  • 151
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Presented at Data Curation Network, May 15, 2020
    Description: At domain-specific data repositories, curation that strives for FAIR principles often entails transforming data submissions to improve understanding and reuse. The Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO, https://www.bco-dmo.org) has been adopting the data containerization specification of the Frictionless Data project (https://frictionlessdata.io) in an effort to improve its data curation process efficiency. In doing so, BCO-DMO has been using the Frictionless Data Package Pipelines library (https://github.com/frictionlessdata/datapackage-pipelines) to define the processing steps that transform original submissions to final data products. Because these pipelines are defined using a declarative language they can be serialized into formal provenance data structures using the Provenance Ontology (PROV-O, https://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/). While there may still be some curation steps that cannot be easily automated, this method is a step towards reproducible transforms that bridge the original data submission to its published state in machine-actionable ways that benefit the research community through transparency in the data curation process. BCO-DMO has built a user interface on top of these modular tools for making it easer for data managers to process submission, reuse existing workflows, and make transparent the added value of domain-specific data curation.
    Description: NSF #1924618
    Keywords: Data Curation ; Provenance ; Workflows ; Frictionless Data ; Data management ; Data repository
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  • 152
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: The use of the natural sound channel in the oceans in transmitting sound signals over distances as great as 3000 miles is known as SOFAR. The sound signal is initiated at the axis of the sound channel by some sort of bomb and the signal so generated is picked up at great distance by a hydrophone lying at or near the axis of the channel. It is the purpose of this paper to discuss the design and performance of the bombs developed to date for use in SOFAR. The bombs fall into two general classes, namely explosion bombs and implosion bombs. Explosion bombs consist of a detonator which by means of a booster fires a main charge usually of TNT or other high explosive. The only practical method of actuating the detonator at the present time is on the basis of pressure, the detonator being designed to fire at a pressure corresponding to that at the sound channel axis. As the depth of the axis varies with the geographical location it is necessary that the detonator be replaceable or that it be adjustable to meet the requirements of a given area. Typical firing depth requirements to be met are 100 fathoms in the temperate latitudes in tho Atlantic and 350 fathoms in corresponding latitudes in the Pacific. Explosion bombs have varied in design from uncased demolition blocks fired by a simple dotonator to a cast charge of TNT in a pressure proof case fired by an intricate mechanism with elaborate safety devices. Detonators have been principally of three types; (1) the Woods Hole pressure detonator, (2) the diaphram-percussion pin, and (3) the bourdon-electric. Implosion bombs consist of empty containers designed to collapse at or near the axis of the sound channel and thus to release sound energy. It is not know how efficient this sound source is as development work on it has been somewhat limited. The advantages of this device is that it is perfectly safe to use under all conditions, and that it is simple to manufacture. The main disadvantage is that it is rather bulky.
    Description: Work carried out under contract NObs - 2083 formerly OENsr-31 for Bureau of Ships, Navy Department.
    Keywords: Bombs ; Sound -- Transmission ; Bombs Sound -- Transmission Detonators
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 153
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: The first sounds to arrive at the receiver commence at low intensity and with long intervals between them. Gradually 1 the interval shortens, the sounds become louder until they blend in to one loud sound which ceases abruptly. This peak cut-off is so marked, that when recorded on suitable equipment synchronized with an accurate time piece, the instant of its occurrence may be determined within an accuracy of .01 seconds. In this report, all computations will be based on this interval as a limit of accuracy attainable.
    Description: Work carried out under Contract NObs 2083, formerly OEMsr-31, for Bureau of Ships, Navy Department.
    Keywords: Sound -- Transmission
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  • 154
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Data Workup From AMPHORA Site This is a list of the work to be done on the data from the AMPHORA Site. All these data are from STARELLA Leg DSL88-02. No data from Starella Leg 1 or the Knorr cruise are included in this list.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 155
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: R/V Knorr Voyage 134-15 Fiber Optic Mangus Lowering Observations August 1988
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 156
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: The following lists actual and relative positions for 2 critical pieces in the AMPHORA Site- the WRECK and the BROKEN AMPHORA. First, some comments. All LAT/LON positional data are referenced to GPS. The actual positions from the STARELLA 88 data are reliable. The actual position (only located the broken AMPHORA on that trip) from the KNORR 88 data is not reliable for reasons which are detailed in a separate note to Tom Crook. In which case, the relative positions are important.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 157
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Navigation Log for MV Carolyn Chouest Skerki Bank June 1997
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 158
    facet.materialart.
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Argo data log Jason I Jaspro 88
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 159
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: These are the observational data collected in 2017 from the North River estuary. Data files include the long-term (LT) CTD and Aquadopp measurements from April to July, the short-term (STI from April to May and STII in late July) CTD measurements, eight shipboard CTD and ADCP surveys in April, May and July, the ADV measurements in late July, the North River mid-estuary region bathymetry, and the North River discharge (from USGS measurements).
    Description: National Science Foundation#1634480
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Dataset
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  • 160
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Presented at USGS Data Management Working Group, 9, November 2020
    Description: At domain-specific data repositories, curation that strives for FAIR principles often entails transforming data submissions to improve understanding and reuse. The Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO, https://www.bco-dmo.org) has been adopting the data containerization specification of the Frictionless Data project (https://frictionlessdata.io) in an effort to improve its data curation process efficiency. In doing so, BCO-DMO has been using the Frictionless Data Package Pipelines library (https://github.com/frictionlessdata/datapackage-pipelines) to define the processing steps that transform original submissions to final data products. Because these pipelines are defined using a declarative language they can be serialized into formal provenance data structures using the Provenance Ontology (PROV-O, https://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/). While there may still be some curation steps that cannot be easily automated, this method is a step towards reproducible transforms that bridge the original data submission to its published state in machine-actionable ways that benefit the research community through transparency in the data curation process. BCO-DMO has built a user interface on top of these modular tools for making it easier for data managers to process submission, reuse existing workflows, and make transparent the added value of domain-specific data curation.
    Description: NSF #1924618
    Keywords: Data Curation ; Provenance ; Workflows ; Frictionless Data ; Data management ; Data repository
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  • 161
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Cameras were mounted in a newly designed corehead of a piston corer and used to photograph coring operations during 36 stations on CHAIN cruise 75 and 28 stations on ATLANTIS II cruise 42. Through the analysis of these photographs, the deep-water operation of a piston corer during its descent, tripping, impact with the bottom, and ascent has been studied, providing information on the corer's stability, effectiveness in obtaining a bottom sample, and influence on the nearby sea-floor. Accurate determinations of the amount of penetration were possible, allowing comparisons to be made with the more indirect methods of determining penetration and with the length of core recovered. Sediment clouds produced by bottom currents were noticed in many of the bottom photographs. A number of suggestions are made for future piston coring operations. The corer descends with little rotation and swinging. Free-fall and penetration generally take place in less than 5 seconds, with a rotation of 20-60° and an increase of about 6° in vertical deviation. During penetration, the corer disturbs the surrounding sea floor, producing both mounds and depressions around the core barrels. While resting in the bottom, the corer is very stable although some wobbling does occur. Considerable rotation takes place during both pull-out and ascent; frequent sediment discharges from the piston corer occur. No consistent relationship was found between the amount of penetration and the length of core recovered, and thus with the degree of core shortening. Comparisons between piston and pilot cores indicate that the piston cores have been shortened and disturbed relative to the pilot cores, and that as much as a meter of the upper portion of the piston core has been lost. The position of the mud-mark appears to be a reliable indicator of the amount of penetration; estimates by extrapolation of the thermal gradient to the surface are less reliable. The vertical deviation of the corer in the bottom does not influence the amount of penetration. Stratigraphic dips in the recovered cores correspond poorly to this vertical deviation in the bottom.
    Description: The National Science Foundation Grants GA-1077 and GA-1209 and submitted to the Office of Naval Research under Contract Nonr-4029(00); NR 260-101, and N00014-66-C0241; NR 083- 004.
    Keywords: Underwater photography
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 162
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: This report presents the results of gravity measurements obtained aboard the Research Vessel CHAIN of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution during cruise 7 3, 6 to 26 September 1967. Information on bathymetry and other studies conducted during CHAIN cruise 73 may be found in W.H.O.I. Reference No. 68-50 (Knott, et al., 1968). Gravity measurements were made simultaneously with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) vibrating string gravity meter and with LaCoste and Romberg sea gravity meter number S-13. The data presented is a selective composite of information from both meters . The base reference station used for the measurements is at the W. H. 0. I. dock in Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Its gravity value was taken to be 980327. 0 mgal, however, recent ties of this station to national gravity network stations (Anonymous, 1965) in the Boston, Massachusetts area indicate that this reading is high by about 1. 4 mgal. Thermal and electrical difficulties with the MIT meter made port-to-port drift prediction uncertain (Bowin, Wing and Aldrich, in press). Drift rate for this meter was determined on the basis of its continuous averaged differences with the LaCoste and Romberg meter. This method showed the MIT meter drifting with respect to the LaCoste and Romberg meter by+ 1. 611 mgal per day for the cruise period. Drift of the LaCoste and Romberg gravity meter during CHAIN 73 was - 0.026 mgal/day from in-port measurements at beginning and end of cruise. This last drift value is anomalous in sign and magnitude with respect to the meter's over-all drift rate , and was not applied. The accuracy of the sea measurements is estimated to be about ±10 mgal (Bowin, Wing, and Aldrich, in press). Free -air anomaly values were calculated using the 1930 International Gravity Formula. Water depths are in meters corrected according to the tables of Matthews ( 1939). Bouguer anomaly values were calculated using an infinite slab correction and an assumed crustal density of 2. 67 gm/cm3 . A density of 1. 03 gm/cm3 was assumed for sea water.
    Description: The National Science Foundation Grant GA-9?6 and submitted to the Office of Naval Research under Contract Nonr-4029(00)~ NR 260-101.
    Keywords: Gravity--Measuremnent--Caribbean Sea ; Gravity--Measurement--North Atlantic Ocean ; Gravity anomalies
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  • 163
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: In July 1962 a short cruise was made on CHAIN to investigate the hypothesis (Worthington 1962) that the major circulation of the North Atlantic is divided into two anti-cyclonic eddies or gyres. Evidence from International Geophysical Year data indicated that the thermocline water east of the Grand Banks had different characteristics from Sargasso Sea water. In particular, the dissolved oxygen content throughout the thermocline was at a much higher level in the more northerly waters than in the Sargasso Sea. It was deduced from this that the Gulf Stream, which transports a large volume of water of the Sargasso Sea type, does not turn south around the Tail of the Banks, but that the strong, narrow currents found to the East of the Banks transport water of different origin.
    Description: The Geqphysics Branch, Office of Naval Research Under Contract-Nonr-2196(00) (NR-083-004)
    Keywords: Oceanography--North Atlantic Ocean ; Ocean circulation--North Atlantic Ocean ; Oceanographic instruments
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  • 164
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: This directory contains BBTRE/DoMORE processed data (“all_BBTRE.mat” and “all_DoMORE.mat”) that was used to produce all figures in the above research letter. Each mat file has two structure arrays named “location” and “patch10”. The “location” array includes microstructure profile information used in this study (Table D1). The “patch10” array includes 10-m patch-wise parameter estimates used in this study (Table D2). Note that bulk averaged parameters can be constructed from parameters saved in “patch10” (see the above paper).
    Description: This project was funded by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.
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  • 165
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: The goal of this cruise was to deploy 51 ocean bottom seismometers (OBS) and conduct rock dredges at the Quebrada/Discovery/Gofar (QDG) transform fault systems, with a focus on the Gofar system. QDG is located in the equatorial east Pacific on the East Pacific Rise (Figure 1). Sections of the Gofar and Discovery systems rupture with large (Mw 〉 5.3) earthquakes every 5-6 years, while only one event of this size has occurred on Quebrada in the last 35 years. Variations in along-strike earthquake behavior during these seismic cycles are further constrained by results from a 2008 OBS experiment on QDG. The 2008 experiment revealed the presence of ‘rupture zones’, which fail quasi-periodically in M6 earthquakes, and ‘rupture barriers’, which repeatedly stop large ruptures, yet undergo intense foreshock sequences. The current OBS deployment on Gofar is thus aimed at recording variations in stress build up, stress release, and fault strength within the context of a well-known seismic cycle.
    Description: 2022-03-03
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  • 166
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Presented at Ocean Sciences Meeting (OSM), San Diego, CA, 16 - 21 February 2020
    Description: BCO-DMO is the Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office. We help oceanography researchers who are funded by the National Science Foundation’s (NSF's) Division of Ocean Sciences' (OCE) Biological or Chemical Oceanography Sections or the Division of Polar Programs' Antarctic Organisms & Ecosystems Program manage their data, making them accessible over the internet. This lightning talk gives a brief overview of who we are, who we work with, and the types of data we manage.
    Description: Award(s): NSF #1924618
    Keywords: Data Curation ; Data management ; Data repository
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  • 167
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: The Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution has been using deepsea moored buoys for acquiring serial observations of ocean currents, temperature .and other data for over twelve years. A brief description of the deep-sea mooring program is given. The mooring statistics and performance are described. Mooring failures of 1970 and 1971 have been categorized and statistics on the modes and causes of failures are presented. The reliabilities of different types of moorings are computed and compared. The role of radio telemetry for the real-time measurement of mooring line tension and its use in checking the mooring status are discussed. Examples of potential design data like tension and currents recorded by moorings that failed are provided. Finally, recommendations for research and development needed to improve mooring reliability are given.
    Description: Prepared for the Office of NavaZ Research under Contract N00014-66-C024lj NR 083-004.
    Keywords: Oceanographic buoys ; Deep-sea moorings
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  • 168
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: A collection of documentation, memos, notes and log files relating to Long Baseline Acoustic Navigation, SHARPS navigation, vehicle control and JASON ROV general information.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 169
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: This is a list of the work to be done on the data from the AMPHORA site. All these data are from STARELLA Leg DSLBB-02. No data from Starella Leg 1 or the Knorr cruise are included in this list.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 170
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: The goals of this cruise are to test the dynamic positioning system, including all sensors and interfaces. We hope to gather data under a variety of sea conditions and quantify performance. The following control configurations will be tested: 1. Automatic heading. 2. Open-loop position keeping with wind compensation . 3. Automatic track following : ARGONAV , forward cycloid only. 4. Automatic position control: ARGONAV, both cycloids. 5. Automatic track following: ARGONAV, both cyc l oi ds. 6. Automatic position control : GPS. 7. Automatic track following: GPS.
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  • 171
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Marsili Seamount Louise Jone's data log
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  • 172
    Publication Date: 2022-12-09
    Description: The identification of microplastics (MPs; 1 µm - 5 mm) and the inferred presence of nanoplastics (NPs; 〈1 µm) in a wide variety of marine animals, including many seafood species, has raised important questions about the presence, movement, and impacts of these particles in marine food webs. Understanding microplastic dynamics in marine food webs requires elucidation of the processes involved, including bioaccumulation, trophic transfer, and biomagnification. However, in the context of microplastics and nanoplastics these concepts are often misunderstood. In this chapter, we provide a critical review of the literature on the behavior of plastic particles in marine food webs. We find clear evidence of trophic transfer, equivocal evidence for bioaccumulation, and no evidence for biomagnification. We also identify a number of knowledge gaps that limit our ability to draw firm conclusions at this time. These supplemental documents are in support of an invited chapter to be published in this book: S.E. Shumway and J.E. Ward (Eds.) Plastics in the Sea: Occurrence and Impacts (Elsevier 2023).
    Description: Preparation of this chapter was supported by Woods Hole Sea Grant (Award No. NA18OAR4170104, project R/P–89), a NSF Graduate Research Fellowship to J.A.P.; the Gerstner Family Foundation; and the March Marine Initiative, a program of March Limited, Bermuda.
    Keywords: Microplastics ; Nanoplastics ; Trophic transfer ; Bioaccumulation ; Biomagnification ; Food webs ; Translocation
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 173
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-12-12
    Description: Instructions for installing pressure-temperature recorder including location of parts on the submarine and the general description of the apparatus. The instrument is composed of two main elements: a) the pressure-sensitive element; and b) the temperature-sensitive element.
    Keywords: Oceanographic instruments
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 174
    Publication Date: 2022-12-12
    Description: This report, and the accompanying slide rule were prepared by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution for the National Defense Research Committee.
    Description: National Defense Research Committee
    Keywords: Bathythermograph
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  • 175
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-12-12
    Description: In underwater photography, the object is immersed in water while the image is usually formed in air. The most obvious, straightforward way to form an image under these circumstances with a conventional type of lens is to use a plane parallel slab of glass as a window in front of the lens to separate the water from the air space. For most types of camera lenses, this is a perfectly adequate solution; But if one looks at the problem carefully, it is evident that such a system introduces a chromatic aberration referred to as lateral color. The source of this aberration is illustrated in Fig. 1. The dispersion at the glass to air interface overcompensates for the dispersion at the water to glass interface. As a result, the direction of a ray entering the camera lens for any given ray incident on the window varies with the wavelength of light.
    Keywords: Photographic lenses ; Underwater photography
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 176
    Publication Date: 2022-12-12
    Description: Isentropic analysis in this country originated with a particular purpose in view, namely as a means of using moisture distribution to determine flow patterns in the atmosphere It revealed, very successfully, certain theoretically anticipated patterns. Subsequently it has come into general use in connection with upper-air analysis but for the most part its application is dominated by the original particular purpose. A rather different approach is to use isentropic analysis in a more purely descriptive fashion as the principal tool for upper-air analysis. This demands that an isentropic chart represent synoptically as much useful information as possible and that all phases of its preparation receive due care.
    Keywords: Upper air temperature ; Meteorology
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 177
    Publication Date: 2022-12-12
    Description: The range of submarine detection is frequently limited by the refraction produced by vertical temperature gradients in the superficial layers of the ocean. In order to measure these temperature gradients and thus to permit predictions of the range, the bathythermograph was developed and is now being used on a considerable number of anti-submarine vessels, while a somewhat modified version of the instrument is being tried out on submarines. Some 6675 bathythermograph observations from the western North Atlantic have been examined in order to determine how frequently such observations should be made so that within practical limits and anti-submarine vessel may at all times know the assured range of its sound gear. The occurrence of the four basic types of refraction patterns is shown by a series of six charts. For all but one of these patterns the range can be rather quickly and easily estimated from simple tables; but when the so-called afternoon effect is encountered, which is on the average about 20% of the time, a more complete analysis is necessary. It is found that under the most unfavorable circumstances, that is, in mid-summer and near the edges of a strong current system, there is about one chance in three that the refraction pattern will chance significantly in a distance of four miles. At other times of year and in areas where horizontal variations in temperature are less pronounced a single bathythermograph observation can be considered representative of a much larger area. It is also shown that in the western North Atlantic about 92% of the time in summer and about 34% of the time in winter the assured range of submarine detection is limited by refraction to less than 2500 yards.
    Keywords: Bathythermograph
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  • 178
    Publication Date: 2022-12-12
    Description: With moderate or light winds and a clear sky the diurnal heating which occurs near the sea surface can cause a serious reduction in the range of submarine detection, especially on shallow targets. This has usually been called the “afternoon effect", although as will be noticed below the ranges often remain short long after sun down. The heating of surface waters which causes such sharp downward refraction can of course be noted on a bathythermograph record, provided pen vibration does not confuse the upper part of the trace. Unfortunately it is the upper 20 or 30 feet of a bathythermograph curve which in the case of ships moving faster than 12 knots is often somewhat difficult to read with sufficient certainty. Moreover, in planning a days operations it is clearly desirable to know in advance how much reduction in range may be expected from diurnal warming.
    Description: Contract OEMsr-31
    Keywords: Submarines (Ships) ; Sonar ; Ocean temperature
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  • 179
    facet.materialart.
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-12-12
    Description: On May l, 1942 a series of towing tests were made off New London to determine how satisfactory a small hand operated winch would be. The boat was an 83 ft. Coast Guard patrol boat with the end of the boom about 3 feet outboard and 15 feet forward of the stern. Towing tests were made at 8, 12, and 18 knots. At 18 knots two methods were tried: A. Those where the BT was dropped from the end of the boom in the usual manner. B. Those where the BT was dropped from the bow of the boat. This method gave a considerably greater depth of water for the same amount of wire out than the former method. In a longer boat where the BT can be carried 100 to 150 ft. ahead of the boom this additional depth may amount to 100 feet.
    Keywords: Bathythermograph
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  • 180
    Publication Date: 2022-12-30
    Description: As described in the methods section of “Direct Observation of Wave-coherent Pressure Work in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer”: Measurements were made from an open-lattice steel tower deployed in roughly 13 m water depth in Buzzards Bay, MA. Buzzards Bay is a 48 km by 12 km basin open on the SW side to Rhode Island Sound. The average depth is 11 m, with a tide range of 1 to 1.5 m, depending on the neap/spring cycles. Winds in Buzzards Bay are frequently aligned on the long-axis (from the NE or SW), and are commonly strong, particularly in the fall and winter. The tower was deployed near the center of the bay at 41.577638 N, 70.745555 W for a spring deployment lasting from April 12, 2022 to June 13th, 2022. Atmospheric measurements included three primary instrument booms that housed paired sonic anemometers (RM Young 81000RE) and high-resolution pressure sensors (Paros Scientific). The pressure sensor intakes were terminated with static pressure heads, which reduce the dynamic pressure contribution to the measured (static) pressure. The tower booms were aligned at 280 degrees such that the NE and SW winds would be unobstructed by the tower's main body. A fourth sonic anemometer (Gill R3) was extended above the tower such that it was open to all wind directions and clear of wake by the tower structure. A single point lidar (Riegl LD90-3i) was mounted to the highest boom, such that the lidar measured the water surface elevation underneath the anemometer and pressure sensors to within a few centimeters horizontally. All instruments were time synchronized with a custom "miniNode" flux logger, that aggregated the data streams from each instrument. Additional atmospheric and wave measurements on the tower included short-wave and long-wave radiometers (Kipp & Zonen), two RH/T sensors (Vaisala), and a standard lower-resolution barometer (Setra).
    Description: National Science Foundation, Division of Ocean Sciences (OCE) Award 2023020
    Keywords: Air/sea interaction ; Surface waves ; Boundary layers ; Turbulence ; Pressure work
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Dataset
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  • 181
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: The Northwest Tropical Atlantic Station (NTAS) was established to address the need for accurate air-sea flux estimates and upper ocean measurements in a region with strong sea surface temperature anomalies and the likelihood of significant local air–sea interaction on interannual to decadal timescales. The approach is to maintain a surface mooring outfitted for meteorological and oceanographic measurements at a site near 15°N, 51°W by successive mooring turnarounds. These observations will be used to investigate air–sea interaction processes related to climate variability. This report documents recovery of the NTAS-18 mooring and deployment of the NTAS-19 mooring at the same site. Both moorings used Surlyn foam buoys as the surface element. These buoys were outfitted with two Air–Sea Interaction Meteorology (ASIMET) systems. Each system measures, records, and transmits via Argos satellite the surface meteorological variables necessary to compute air–sea fluxes of heat, moisture and momentum. The upper 160 m of the mooring line were outfitted with oceanographic sensors for the measurement of temperature, salinity and velocity. Deep ocean temperature and salinity are measured at approximately 38 m above the bottom. The mooring turnaround was done on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Ship Ronald H. Brown, Cruise RB-20-06, by the Upper Ocean Processes Group of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. The cruise took place between 14 October and 1 November 2020. The NTAS-19 mooring was deployed on 22 October, with an anchor position of about 14° 49.48° N, 51° 00.96° W in 4985 m of water. A 31-hour intercomparison period followed, during which satellite telemetry data from the NTAS-19 buoy and the ship’s meteorological sensors were monitored. The NTAS-18 buoy, which had gone adrift on 28 April 2020, was recovered on 20 October near 13° 41.96° N, 58° 38.67° W. This report describes these operations, as well as other work done on the cruise and some of the pre-cruise buoy preparations.
    Description: Funding was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under Grant No. NA19OAR4320074.
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  • 182
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: The purpose of the Brazil Basin Tracer Release Experiment is to measure diapycnal (across isopycnal) mixing and epipycnal (along-isopycnal) mixing and stirring in the deep ocean. This cruise is the fourth in the overall experiment. In the first cruise in early 1996, 110 kg of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) were released on an isopycnal surface near 4000 meters depth in the eastern part of the basin on the flanks of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR). The location of the release was near 21.7 S, 18.4 W. The release site was over a zonal valley that leads to the MAR and is about 5000 m deep. The isopycnal surface of the release was defined as the surface on which the potential density anomaly, referenced to 4000 dbar pressure, was 45.9408 kg/m3. The release streaks and results of initial sampling in 1996 are described in Polzin et al. [1997].
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  • 183
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: During Cruise 37 of the Research Vessel KNORR,91 hydrographic stations were occupied,most of them in the general area of the Windward Passage, eastern Cayman Basin, Mona Passage and across the Caribbean Sea from Puerto Rico to Venezuela. Vertical profiles of potential temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and dissolved silicate are presented. The data lists include, in addition to the observed parameters, such computed values as pressure, potential temperature, potential density, specific volume anomaly, sound velocity, dynamic height, potential energy, Vaisala frequency and Vaisala period. Also included in the data lists are 28 hydrographic stations occupied during November 1973 on Cruise 78 of the Research Vessel ATIANTIS II in the Windward Passage, Central Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean just east of the Lesser Antilles.
    Description: Prepared for the National Science Foundation under Grant GA-27939.
    Keywords: Atlantis II (Ship : 1963-1996) Cruise 78 ; Knorr (Ship : 1970-) Cruise 37 ; Hydrography -- Caribbean Sea
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  • 184
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Conceptual workflow diagram for biodiversity data products for plankton imaged in the field with an Imaging FlowCytobot (IFCB), generalizing data sources and processing steps from collection to analysis and publication. White clouds represent online resources. Pink rectangles represent different data entities. The yellow rectangle represents analyses in electronic notebooks. Black arrows are automated steps, while blue arrows are manually done. The dashed arrow between the “Level 2 File” and “External Repository” represents the option to also upload a further derived product to an external repository.
    Description: National Science Foundation (EDI DEB #1629233, CyberSEES #1539256, NES-LTER OCE #1655686)
    Keywords: phytoplankton ; plankton imaging ; IFCB ; FAIR data ; reproducibility ; workflow
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Image
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  • 185
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2004. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Hayes, J. M. (2004). An Introduction to Isotopic Calculations. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, https://doi.org/10.1575/1912/27058.
    Description: These notes provide an introduction to: • Methods for the expression of isotopic abundances, • Isotopic mass balances, and • Isotope effects and their consequences in open and closed systems.
    Description: Figures 1, 2, 6, and 9 were prepared by Steve Studley. These notes derive from teaching materials prepared for classes at Indiana University, Bloomington, and at Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts. I am grateful to the students in those classes and for support provided by those institutions and by the National Science Foundation (OCE-0228996).
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 186
    facet.materialart.
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-27
    Description: Performance Verification Certificate for Renewable NRG Systems reference Lidar: WLS7-94 on July 2019.
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    Type: Other
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  • 187
    Publication Date: 2022-05-27
    Description: The Ocean Reference Station at 20°S, 85°W under the stratus clouds west of northern Chile is being maintained to provide ongoing climate-quality records of surface meteorology, air-sea fluxes of heat, freshwater, and momentum, and of upper ocean temperature, salinity, and velocity variability. The Stratus Ocean Reference Station (ORS Stratus) is supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Climate Observation Program. It is recovered and redeployed annually, with past cruises that have come between October and May. This cruise was conducted on the Chilean research vessel Cabo de Hornos. During the 2018 cruise on the Cabo de Hornos to the ORS Stratus site, the primary activities were the recovery of the previous (Stratus 16) WHOI surface mooring, deployment of the new Stratus 17 WHOI surface mooring, in-situ calibration of the buoy meteorological sensors by comparison with instrumentation installed on the ship, CTD casts near the moorings. The Stratus 17 had parted from its anchor site on January 4 2018, so its recovery was done in two separate operations: first the drifting buoy with mooring line under it, then the bottom part still attached to the anchor. Surface drifters and ARGO floats were also launched along the track.
    Description: Funding was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under Grant No. NA14OAR4320158.
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  • 188
    Publication Date: 2022-05-27
    Description: Presented at Workshop on the Socio-economic Effects of Marine and Fresh Water Harmful Algal Blooms in the United States, July 27 - August 5, 2020
    Description: The US National Office for Harmful Algal Blooms at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) and the NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) held a virtual workshop comprising four sessions between July 27 and August 5, 2020. This report summarizes the workshop proceedings and presents recommendations developed by participants during the discussion. The recommendations advance an assessment framework and a national research agenda that will lead to comprehensive evaluations of the socio-economic effects of harmful algal blooms (HABs) in fresh water (primarily the Great Lakes) and marine waters of the United States.
    Description: Cooperative Institute for the North Atlantic Region (CINAR): NA14OAR4320158 and NA19NOS4780186
    Keywords: Algal Blooms ; Congresses ; Economic Aspects ; Social Aspects
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  • 189
    facet.materialart.
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-27
    Description: Eubalaena glacialis (North Atlantic right whale) - MJM-070110-Eg - male - 13.7 m - Pelvic location - Smithsonian. The carcass of a 45-foot male was spotted by the Coast Guard Cutter Legare floating 46 miles off Cape May, NJ. It was re-located 69 miles off Cape May on 30 June by a NOAA aircraft. It was retrieved by the 87 foot Coast Guard Cutter Finback on 1 July and towed to near Cape Henlopen, NJ where it was passed off to a commercial vessel. It was beached at Seashore State Park, DL. The carcass was attended by a number of sharks. The necropsy and skeletal salvage were led by Michael Moore of WHOI and Bill McClellan of the Univ. NC, Wilmington, and took all day on 2 July. The carcass had net marks suggesting drowning from gear entanglement. The skeleton was loaded into a 10 wheeled dump truck and the skull onto a heavy equipment trailer and driven to Belchertown, MA beginning on 6 July and arriving at 1:00 AM on the 7th. The transportation fee was $3,000. The finish cutting took 6 hours in humid 100-degree conditions on the 7th (a long-time regional record high temp.) and another 3 hours on the 8th with two people. Since the skeleton is from a mature adult, it is heavy and dense. Every single small bone was salvaged and very little is broken. One pair of vertebrae is fused by Spondylosis deformans and at least one other is affected. The upper left palate (palatine bone) has a healed crack. One humerus has a deep furrow from a rope cutting in over a long period of time. The initial plan was to ship the skeleton to the Madeira Whale Museum on the island of Madeira, Portugal where it would be articulated for display. However, after two years, funds could not be raised for the project. The skeleton was donated to the Smithsonian and is the only complete adult North Atlantic Right Whale skeleton in the collection. This animal was identified by the New England Aquarium in 2013, based on a DNA sample, as “Tips” #1124. http://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/watch-a-1400-pound-right-whale-skull-arrive-at-the-smithsonian-180949045/?no-ist
    Keywords: Eubalaena glacialis ; North Atlantic right whale
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  • 190
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-27
    Description: Eubalaena glacialis (North Atlantic right whale) - KSM-374 - female - 14.90 m - Pelvic location - University of North Carolina
    Keywords: Eubalaena glacialis ; North Atlantic right whale
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  • 191
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-27
    Description: Grampus griseus (Risso's dolphin) - CCSN-02-292 - female - 2.98 m - Pelvic location - Tom French
    Keywords: Grampus griseus ; Risso's dolphin
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  • 192
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-27
    Description: Inia geoffrensis (Amazon river dolphin) - AMNH-209105 - male - unknown length - Pelvic location - American Museum of Natural History
    Keywords: Inia geoffrensis ; Amazon river dolphin
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  • 193
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: This is the second part in three of an observational study of tropical oceanic clouds and their relation to the large-scale flow patterns. The first part appeared in preliminary form in 1959 in a volume entitled "Cloud Structure am.d Distributions over the Tropical Pacific. Part I", an unpublished Technical Report (Reference No.58-62) of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. The four authors were the same as those of this report. In addition, a very brief summary of the work (by J. Malkus and C. Ronne) was published in Monograph No.5 of the American Geophysical Union in 1960. A review of the cloud code evolved during this program has been published by M. Alaka in the Bulletin of World Meteorological Organization for April, 1960. The basic material for this study consists of three photographic flights made during July and August 1957 on Military Air Transport (MATS) cargo aircraft flying on regular schedules between San Francisco and the Phillipines. The photographer was Claude Ronne of Woods Hole, accompanied by Joanne Malkus om. the third flight. The appropriate synoptic data were kindly collected by Prof. Colin Ramage of the University of Hawaii and were analyzed by Professor Riehl (then at the University of Chicago) and his colleague Mr. W.S.Gray. The first report described the purposes and methods of the inquiry and presented the results of the first trans-Pacific flight. This report is concerned primarily with the results of the Second flight. A third report on the last flight is planned later, as well as eventual publication of all three parts together. The part of the program reported here has been supported jointly by the Office of Naval Research and the National Science Foundation.
    Description: Office of Naval Research under Contract No. 1721(00) and to the National Science Foundation under Grantt No.7368 with the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
    Keywords: Clouds ; Marine meteorology--Tropics ; Pacific Ocean
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  • 194
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: This manual describes the objectives, design, operation, and maintenance of the Precision Graphic Recorder (PGR), emphasizing its application to echo-sounding. The words "precision graphic recording" describe a method for displaying data by means of successive, precisely-timed rectilinear sweeps of a recording point or "stylus" across a long, moving strip of sensitized paper (Veatch and Smith, 1939, p. 61-63). The recorded data appear as dye-markings, shaded in proportion to signal amplitude along the sweep of the moving recording point.
    Description: The Bureau of Ships Under Contract NObsr-72521 and Office of Naval Research Under Contract Nonr-1367 (00) (NR-261-102)
    Keywords: Sonar ; Echo sounding ; Oceanographic instruments
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  • 195
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Research during this six month period was performed during cruises of the CHAIN to the Romanche Trench, to the Puerto Rico Trench, and to the Mediterranean Sea, and during a cruise of the BEAR to the Gulf of Maine. New instrumentation aboard the CHAIN included the 12, 000 joule Boomer and a 25, 000 joule Sparker for continuous Seismic reflection profiles and other research in hydroacoustics. A semiautomatic data recording system for shipboard use was in.stalled and operated by IBM and, to facilitate launching and retrieving deep gear, a closed circuit television system was used . Also the navigational system, GEON, was installed and tested. Prior to the cruises of the summer and fall redesign and refinement of the instrumentation and equipment entailed overhaul of the thermistor chain and contouring temperature recorder, modification of the heat probe for thermal gradient measurements to lessen lowering time, and improvement of the inverted echo-sounding equipment. Research at sea included collecting samples of rock and sediment and photographing the ocean floor in support of research into the structure and dynamics of the Romanche and Puerto Rico Trenches and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge , observing internal waves in the North Atlantic studying water circulation in the Mediterranean, the dynamics of flow through the Strait of Gibraltar (concentrating this year on internal waves there), observing the behavior and measuring the sound scattering properties of deep scattering layers in the Mediterranean, measuring heat flow from the inner Earth across the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and in the western Mediterranean, and studying the relationship between sound transmission and the physical properties of the water and sea floor in the eastern Mediterranean. At Woods Hole various analysis programs progressed. Several of these used programs of digital computing which have been prepared lately at Woods Hole. The precision time source for remote control reported earlier was improved and tested ashore. A tape recording system for Scuba divers was devised and tested satisfactorily in thirty feet of water.
    Description: Undersea Warfare Branch Office of Naval Research Contracts Nonr-1367(00)NR 261-102 and Nonr-2129(00)NR 261-104
    Keywords: Underwater acoustics
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  • 196
    facet.materialart.
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution | Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Measurements of the acoustic pressure of spark discharges were made at a shallow depth (10 feet) for various voltages, stored energies, inductances and capacitances of the system, and electrode areas. The voltages ranged from 1500 V to 11 KV, and the energy storing capacitances from 8 to 800 ufd. In this range the peak pressure observed was proportional to peak current and the decay constant of the pressure-time curve was essentially the same as the electrical discharge decay constant.
    Description: Office of Naval Research under Contract Nonr 1 367(00) NR 261-103
    Keywords: Sound pressure ; Underwater acoustics
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  • 197
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: This book contains an historical account of the weather in Barbados during the sixty-year period from 1901 to 1969. No attempt is made to present a scientific commentary on the weather. The descriptive account of the weather records in this book is very largely that of rainfall; but other factors, which together with rainfall determines the "weather", are also mentioned when relevant information is available. The details are taken from the writer's personal weather diaries, where available, and from the diaries of the late Ernest Murray Skeete and Elliot Lloyd Skeete in some of those years in the period when the writer was too immature or not in the Island. Additional notes have also been obtained from other sources. Mention is made at the beginning of each chapter, in the section containing the month-to-month description of the weather, of the source or soources from which the details have been obtained. Details of the Island's rainfall and of the records of atmospheric pressure, wind velocity, temperature and sunshine, taken at Codrington Agricultural Station in the parish of St. Michael, are reproduced from published reports with the permission of the Ministry of Agriculture.
    Keywords: Weather--Barbados
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  • 198
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: The journal of a cruise of R/V CHAIN from Bermuda to Freetown, Sierra Leone during February and March, 1961, is the basis of this report. Location of observations are given. The portion of the Mid- Atlantic Ridge lying along the equator was surveyed from 10° to 19°W, and new information concerning the slope and orientation of rift zones was obtained. A detailed bathymetric survey of the Romanche Trench was made. A continuous temperature-depth profile, from the surface to 100 meters, was made along the ship 's track with a thermistor chain. Surface shear was measured with pitotmeters mounted on the chain (surface water velocity relative to the water velocity at the depth of the pitotmeter), to determine the strength and direction of the equatorial undercurrent.
    Description: The Office of Naval Research under Contract Nonr-, 2196 (00)
    Keywords: Ocean currents ; Mid-Atlantic Ridge ; Romanche Trench
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  • 199
    facet.materialart.
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: The case often arises where a thermometer which has been inserted into a medium of temperature Tw is actually read in a place where the environment is at temperature t, ≠ Tw. Such a case is the soil thermometer , where the bulb is at Tw and the stem in the air at t; and such a case is the oceanographic reversing thermometer, brought up from a depth-of-reversal (Tw) to the ship laboratory (t). In each case the different cubical expansion coefficients of mercury and glass mean that the stem mercury capillary is taken from the true reading of Tw to a reading of T/ by the action of environmental change from Tw to T/.
    Description: Sponsored by Grant NSF-GP 821 from the National Science Foundation
    Keywords: Ocean temperature ; Thermometers
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  • 200
    facet.materialart.
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: An air -powered hauling machine and reeling device for use at sea with large electrical cable systems such as hydrophone arrays is described. The system may be used to haul cables from 0. 3 to 2 . 0 inch diameter. Hauling tensions up to 9 80 lbs . and speeds up to 4 30 ft/ min. are provided. The principal advantage of the system is that it does not cause the cable to bend while under tension. Reeling is accomplished under only sufficient tension to cause the cable to conform to the reel.
    Description: Undersea Warfare Branch Office of Naval Research under Contracts Nonr-4029(00) NR 260-101
    Keywords: Cables ; Electric cables
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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