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  • Chemistry  (946)
  • 2020-2022  (946)
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  • 1
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    In:  aqdchief@seafdec.org.ph | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/18588 | 17342 | 2015-11-09 16:11:44 | 18588 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Aquaculture Department
    Publication Date: 2021-09-24
    Description: The culture of Penaeus monodon has explicitly defined the need for diet formulations or supplementary feeds that would promote optimum growth and survival of the animal. A total of 28 feed combinations were developed for P. monodon. Fish meal, shrimp head meal, squid head meal, Ascetes spp. rice bran, and soybean cake were used as primary ingredients in these feeds. The commercial vitamin mix No. 22 was added to the dry ingredients. Gelatinized corn starch and wheat flour were used as binders. The pellets were extruded using a portable kitchen grinder with a diameter of 4 mm. The products were either sun-dried for 8 hours or oven-dried overnight at 50 degree C to stabilize moisture at 8-10%. The pellets were then kept in covered glass bottles and stored in the laboratory at room temperature. The cost of the feeds excluding labour were also computed. The pellets were analyzed for protein, fat, carbohydrate, crude fiber, ash, and moisture contents using standard procedures. They were also analyzed for water stability. To test the stability of pellets in water, 2-g samples were placed in plankton nets (mesh #40) and suspended in water for two, and six hours. The undissolved samples were then vacuum-dried and the moisture determined. Cost of the feeds ranged from P1.10 to P2.60 per kg depending on the feed ingredient. Squid and Ascetes spp. were rather expensive for use as basic ingredients. Proximate analysis of dry weight showed percentage protein content ranged from 20-63 g; fat, 8-20 g; carbohydrate (by difference), 11-36 g; ash, 8-28 g; moisture, 6-11 g; and crude fiber, 5 . 13 g. Stability tests showed that after two hours, 35-88% of solids remained intact and after 6 hours, 20-55% of the pellets remained undissolved. When a pellet disintegrates easily, pollution of the water occurs. Chances for the shrimp to feed on the pellet is minimized when the pellet is unstable. Thus, the search for a more compact feed pellet has to be continued.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Chemistry ; Feed composition ; Crustacean culture ; Penaeus monodon
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 29-31
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  • 2
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26800 | 23782 | 2019-11-12 05:12:12 | 26800 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2021-09-24
    Description: Presented in the paper is the standard procedure in the determination of moisture in meat. Specifically, the procedures in the sample preparation, instruments required, and the analytical procedures and calculations for each method.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Chemical analysis ; Microbiological analysis ; Fishery products ; Processed fishery products ; Fish inspection ; Fishery industry ; Food additives ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; Water content
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: A-1.1-A-1.3
    Format: 3
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  • 3
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26828 | 23782 | 2019-11-19 01:05:17 | 26828 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2021-09-24
    Description: The paper provides the methodology in the determination of total lipid content of fresh fish without the destruction of the lipid extract. Information on the apparatus needed is presented. Detailed procedures and calculations in the determination of lipid content are provided.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Chemical analysis ; Fishery products ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; Lipids
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: C-3.1
    Format: 1
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  • 4
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26831 | 23782 | 2019-11-19 01:00:44 | 26831 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2021-09-24
    Description: Acid value is a measure of the extent to which the glyceride in the oil has been hydrolysed by lipase action. The paper provides the methodology in the determination of acid value. The apparatus and reagents needed are presented. Detailed procedures in determination of acid value are provided.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Chemical analysis ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; Lipids
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: C-5.1-C-5.2
    Format: 2
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  • 5
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26834 | 23782 | 2019-11-19 00:50:15 | 26834 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2021-09-24
    Description: Peroxide value is the reactive oxygen contents expressed in terms of milliequivalents (meq) of free iodine per kilogram of fat. It is determined by titrating iodine liberated from potassium iodide with sodium thiosulphate solution. The paper provides the methodology in the determination of peroxide value. The apparatus and reagents needed are presented. Detailed procedures and calculations are also provided.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Chemical analysis ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; Fish oils ; Oxidation
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: C-7.1-C-7.3
    Format: 3
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  • 6
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26830 | 23782 | 2019-11-19 01:03:17 | 26830 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2021-09-24
    Description: The paper provides the methodology in the determination of phospholipid content of fish. The apparatus and reagents needed are presented. Detailed procedures in determination of phospolipid content are provided.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Chemical analysis ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; Lipids
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: C-4.1-C-4.2
    Format: 2
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  • 7
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26833 | 23782 | 2019-11-19 00:53:06 | 26833 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2021-09-24
    Description: Saponification value is the hydrolysis of esters. The paper provides the methodology in determination of saponification value of oil. Instructions on sample preparation and the apparatus and reagents needed are presented. Detailed procedures and calculations are provided.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Chemical analysis ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; Fish oils ; Lipids ; Fats
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: C-6.1-C-6.2
    Format: 2
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  • 8
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    In:  ulyssesmontojo@gmail.com | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/27090 | 25026 | 2020-08-21 04:28:09 | 27090 | National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Philippines
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Waste from aquaculture is considered as one of the possible causes of water quality deterioration in Manila Bay. Aquaculture in the area accounts for almost 30% of the total production in the Philippines. This high production entails intensified application of inputs that could possibly contribute to the nutrient (nitrogen, N and phosphorus, P) load in the bay. Thus, estimation of the N, P and SO4 loaded from aquaculture farms is necessary to develop more responsive intervention to reduce nutrient load in Manila Bay. Water samples were collected throughout the rearing period from different aquaculture systems in Cavite, Bulacan, Pampanga, and Bataan. The annual estimated N and P loaded from aquaculture farms were 12, 696.66 MT and 2, 363.01 MT, respectively. Fish pens/cages recorded the highest contribution accounting for 88% N and 86% P of the total load. It can be attributed to the direct release of uneaten feeds into the bodies of water. Roughly, 12% N and 14% P were obtained from the fishponds. Furthermore, the annual SO4 loaded from fishponds was estimated at 36,917.54 MT. Results of the study suggested that there should be an extensive monitoring of the environmental impacts and annual load of aquaculture farms for the sustainable regulations and management of aquaculture activities to reduce nutrient load and improve the aquaculture production as well. Finally, strict compliance to the regulatory guidelines and ordinances must be imposed to achieve the effluent quality standards.
    Description: Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Chemistry ; Ecology ; Environment ; Pollution ; fishponds ; fish pens/cages ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; nutrient load
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 30-39
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  • 9
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/27089 | 25026 | 2020-08-06 00:54:51 | 27089 | National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Philippines
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP) is primarily caused by ingesting reef fishes contaminated with ciguatoxins (CTX) produced by the Gambierdiscus species. The unpredictability of this type of food poisoning poses risks to public health and adversely affecting the fish trade industry. This study aimed to provide useful information on ciguatera in the Philippines. Different reef fish species and host-macroalgae for benthic dinoflagellates were collected in Visayan and Sibuyan Seas. Ciguatoxins were extracted from reef fish samples, and toxicity was determined qualitatively using mouse bioassay. Meanwhile, cell density estimation of toxic benthic dinoflagellates isolated from the host-macroalgae was done through microscopy. It was observed that 4.46% of the total reef fish samples were positive with ciguatoxins. Spatially, Carles, Iloilo in Visayan sea had the highest number of toxic specimens belonging to Epinephelus merra, Lethrinus lentjan, Lutjanus campechanus, Scarus quoyi, Siganus guttatus, and Sphyraena barracuda. Based on data gathered from three sampling sites, fish toxin occurrence is observed to be site-specific. Geographical conditions affect the frequency of toxic samples. Moreover, fish weight is not a good predictor of fish toxicity. For toxic benthic dinoflagellates, Gambierdiscus spp. were observed to have the lowest cell density count among other dinoflagellates averaging 7-115 cells per 100 g macroalgae. On the other hand, Ostreopsis spp. had the highest average cell density of 118-1,455 cells per 100 g macroalgae, followed by Prorocentrum spp. (207-594 cells per 100 g macroalgae). Fish toxicity is directly proportional to the occurrence of benthic dinoflagellates in areas as seen during dry season. Monitoring and management of CFP on identified reef fish vectors and its causative benthic dinoflagellates in the area are necessary to promote food safety and fair trade practice.
    Description: National Fisheries Research and Development Institute
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Ecology ; Fisheries ; Health ; Ciguatoxin ; Gambierdiscus ; toxic reef fish ; Visayan sea ; Sibuyan sea
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 19-29
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  • 10
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    Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26150 | 18721 | 2019-02-06 07:10:37 | 26150 | Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: One of the mainly valuable consumed colloid proteinmaterials in pharmaceutics, medical and food industries is Gelatin. Fish gelatin near warm water is similar mammal gelatin. Due to the amount of catch of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) use in factory. Fish skin is peel off and wasted in factory every day. Analysis factors were extracted alkaline method gelatin from skin, physiochemical and rheological test (amino acid composition (HPLC), electrophoreses, fourier transform infrared, moisture content, pH, setting point , setting time, melting point and melting time, color and gelatin yield) with access method of National Iran Standard. Prepared gelatin nanoparticles from gelatin with desolvation method. Determination of particles size, size distribution, zeta potential for characterize the surface and morphology. Antibacterial assay with disc diffusion method and determined MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) and MBC(minimum bactericidal concentration) for Esherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. For nanoparticles gelatin antibacterial assay (MIC and MBC) turbidimetry. Statistical processing were linear regression and modeling and forecasting regression. Albeit antibacterial compared gelatin and gelatin nanoparticles.It produced 0.034g gelatin for one gram of yellowfin tuna. Yellowfin tuna had higher gelatin content (Proline and Hydroxyproline) than mammalian gelatin content. SDS-electrophoresis for yellow fin gelatin showed protein band (α, β, γ) same as mammalian protein band. Fourier transform infrared had the same spectra for both of them. Factors were pH (6.1), Moisture (8.5%) Setting temperature and time respectively 4(°C) and 60(s) and Melting temperature and time respectively were 50(°C) and 45(s). The color was transparent. The mean size of the gelatin nanoparticles was 132 nm and PI (polydispersity) and zeta potential were respectively 0.248, -31 MV. pH, speed of addition of acetone, percent of glutaraldehyde depends on size of nanoparticles gelatin. (Statistically significant was P〈0.05). Gelatin nanoparticles had antibacterial in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus while gelatin had antibacterial Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Nanoparticle gelatin had higher MIC and MBC than gelatin. Statistically significant was P〈0.05. Antibacterial assay for gelatin particles has evaluated for foodstuffs packing and it may use drug delivery. This kind of gelatin is lawand similar mammalian gelatin. Antibacterial properties are more useful for usage in foodstuffs packing and may using drug delivery.
    Description: PhD
    Description: Advisers: Jamili,Sh.;Rezayat, M.; counsellors:Kaymaram, F.; Atta, H.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Rheological ; Yellow fin tuna ; Fourier transform infrared ; Proline ; Hydroxyproline ; Fish ; Iran ; Thunnus albacares ; Esherichia coli ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Staphylococcus aureus
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: thesis
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 116
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  • 11
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26301 | 23782 | 2019-03-27 05:53:49 | 26301 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Philippines ; Pesticides ; Cultured organisms ; Biological sampling ; Fish ; Fishery products ; Quality assurance ; Biochemical analysis ; Lethal limits
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 84-89
    Format: 6
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  • 12
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26289 | 23782 | 2019-03-13 01:57:17 | 26289 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Education ; Technology transfer ; Chemical pollution ; Training ; Curricula
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 3-4
    Format: 2
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  • 13
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26456 | 18721 | 2019-05-06 09:25:32 | 26456 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: To investigate the effects of carvacrol supplementation in rainbow trout induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), relative gene expressions levels of some pro-inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis markers in kidney and liver were measured. Fish with a mean weight of 44.71±1.33 g were studied using four different treatments with three replicates each. Inflammation and apoptosis were performed using LPS of Escherichia coli (25 µg ml ^-1) except in the control group and only carvacrol (100 µg ml ^-1 diet) containing diets were fed to this group (CAR). The last group was the infected fish fed carvacrol supplemented diet (+CAR). Kidney and liver tissues were removed 3 days after to determine the levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interferon gamma (INF-γ), caspase 3 (Cas 3), caspase 8 (Cas 8) using Real-Time PCR analyses. IL-1β expressions of both kidney and liver was significantly decreased (12.9 and 2.14 fold, respectively) in LPS treated cells (p〈0.05). While IFN-γ expression was up regulated in kidney, it had down regulation in liver. LPS decreased both Cas 3 and 8 expressions in kidney but increased in liver. +CAR increased expressions of IL-1β and IFN-γ compared with the control (up to 2-3 fold) in all tissues except caspase gene expressions that were similar in the control. In all tissues, IL-1β and IFN-γ expressions increased in +CAR group, expect IFN-γ in the kidney. However, Cas 3 and 8 expressions including apoptosis was induced by up-down regulations in all tissues compared to LPS-injected fish. The results showed that carvacrol had pro-inflammatory and apoptotic effects especially on liver tissue of LPS-induced inflammation model of Oncorhynchus mykiss.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Carvacrol ; Caspases ; Inflammatory cytokines ; LPS ; Rainbow trout ; Turkey
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 205-214
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  • 14
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26457 | 18721 | 2019-05-06 09:22:48 | 26457 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Hand cream is used for rehydrating and improving skin properties. The skin is the first point of contact with the environment. Thus having healthy skin with proper barrier properties is quite important. The beneficial effects of fish oil on skin make it a favorable ingredient to be used in hand care products. In the present study, the efficacy and stability of various hand cream formulations using 0, 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0% of fish oil were investigated and compared. The appearance, odor, texture, and pH of formulations containing 1 and 2.5% of fish oil remained stable in very good qualities during the storage, whereas the related values to the appearance and texture of formulation containing 5.0% of fish oil at the end of 6 months of storage at 45°C were significantly (p〈0.05) lower than other formulations and previous evaluations of this formulation. Weight loss was not observed in all formulations under study.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Fish oil ; Hand cream ; Formulation ; Cosmetic ; Stability ; Malaysia
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 215-223
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  • 15
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26829 | 23782 | 2019-11-19 01:08:33 | 26829 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: The paper provides the methodology in lipid extraction from fish using the Modified Folch's Method. Instructions on sample preparation, and the apparatus and reagents needed are presented. Detailed procedures in lipid extraction are provided.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Chemical analysis ; Fish inspection ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; Lipids
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: C-2.1-C-2.2
    Format: 2
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  • 16
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26832 | 23782 | 2019-11-19 00:56:39 | 26832 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: The paper provides the methodology in determination of free fatty acids (FFA) in fish.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Chemical analysis ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; Fatty acids
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: C-5.3
    Format: 1
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  • 17
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26838 | 23782 | 2019-11-19 00:36:53 | 26838 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: The paper provides the methodology in the preparation of methyl esters by boron trifluoride method in fish. Instructions on sample preparation and the apparatus and reagents needed are presented. Detailed procedures are also provided.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Chemical analysis ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; Fish oils ; Fats ; Fatty acids ; Esters ; Lipids
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: C-11.1-C-11.2
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  • 18
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26835 | 23782 | 2019-11-19 00:46:29 | 26835 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: The paper provides the methodology in the determination of thiobarbituric acid (TBA) number in fish fat. The apparatus and reagents needed are presented. Detailed procedures and calculations are also presented.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Chemical analysis ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; Fish oils ; Fats ; Fatty acids
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: C-8.1-C-8.3
    Format: 3
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  • 19
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26837 | 23782 | 2019-11-19 00:39:35 | 26837 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: The paper provides the methodology in the determination of the degree of lipid oxidation by gas chromatography. Instructions on sample preparation and the detailed procedures and calculation are provided.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Chemical analysis ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; Lipids ; Fats ; Fatty acids ; Oxidation ; Chromatographic techniques
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: C-10.1
    Format: 1
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  • 20
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26840 | 23782 | 2019-11-15 07:59:29 | 26840 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: The paper provides the methodology in lipid determination of monosodium L-glutamate (MSG) content in fish jelly products. Instructions on sample preparation and the reagents needed are presented. Detailed procedures calculation are also provided.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Chemical analysis ; Fishery products ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; Additives ; Food additives ; Food
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: D-2.1-D-2.3
    Format: 3
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  • 21
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26841 | 23782 | 2019-11-15 07:56:22 | 26841 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: The paper provides the methodology in the determination of sugar (sucrose) in fish product by Somogyi's method. Instructions for sample preparation and the reagents needed are presented. Detailed procedures in the determination of the sugar in a sample are provided.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; Saccharides ; Products
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: D-3.1-D-3.4
    Format: 4
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  • 22
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26846 | 23782 | 2019-11-15 07:46:46 | 26846 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: The aerobic plate count provides an estimate of the number of viable microorganisms in the food according to the medium used and the time and temperature incubation. Presented in the paper is the aerobic plate count procedure using the spread plate method. The culture media, apparatus, sample preparation, and the detailed procedures and the calculation of aerobic plate count are also provided in the paper.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Fishery products ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; Aerobic bacteria ; Microbiological analysis ; Microorganisms
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: E-2.1-E-2.3
    Format: 3
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  • 23
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26845 | 23782 | 2019-11-15 07:48:51 | 26845 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Proper handling of samples is presented in the paper. Specifically, the procedures in the proper collection, transport, and storage of samples are presented. Moreover, the procedures of monitoring of the condition of samples in a container, and thawing of frozen samples are also provided.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Methodology ; Fishery products ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; Fish handling ; Samples ; Sample contamination ; Sample storage
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: E-1.1
    Format: 1
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  • 24
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26844 | 23782 | 2019-11-15 07:51:20 | 26844 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Boric acid and borates were commonly used as preservatives. It acts as an antimicrobial agent; however it is not permitted in the fishery products. The paper provides the methodology in the determination of boric acid and borates in fishery products. Instruction for sample preparation and the reagents needed are presented. Detailed procedures in the determination of boric acid and borates in a sample are provided.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Chemical analysis ; Fishery products ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; Additives ; Food additives ; Borate minerals
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26849 | 23782 | 2019-11-15 07:41:06 | 26849 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Staphylococcus aureus is a common organism on the skin and in the nasal passages of approximately 50% of the population. Heat-treated seafood may become contaminated with this organism by poor handling, then storage at improper temperatures allows the organism to multiply and produce its toxin. This type of food poisoning may be avoided by practicing strict personal hygiene, thorough cleaning and disinfection of equipment, and storage of susceptible food at temperatures below 10°C or above 60°C. Presented in the paper is the methodology of determining S. aureus in fish and fishery products.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Fishery products ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; Aerobic bacteria ; Microbiological analysis ; Microorganisms ; Pathogenic bacteria ; Pathogens ; Health and safety ; Public health ; Microbial contamination ; Staphylococcus aureus
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26848 | 23782 | 2019-11-15 07:45:03 | 26848 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Coliforms are Gram-negative, non-sporing, facultatively anaerobic rods which ferment lactose, producing acid and gas within 48 hrs and they belong to the family Enterobacteriaceae. Presented in the paper is the methodology of examining the presence of coliforms and E. coli for fish and fishery products.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Fishery products ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; Aerobic bacteria ; Microbiological analysis ; Microorganisms ; Microbial contamination ; Microbiology ; Pathogens ; Escherichia coli
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: application/pdf
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26850 | 23782 | 2019-11-15 07:39:11 | 26850 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Streptococci are gram-positive cocci, sometimes coccobacilli, arranged in chains. This group of streptococci resides in the intestine of warm-blooded animals. They are bile resistant and capable of growth at 45°C. Fecal streptococci form part of the microflora of many foods without necessarily indicating poor hygiene. They are found in many fermented foods, such as cheese and raw sausage, and often take part in the fermentation process. However, in meat products which have received a severe heat process, the presence of excess numbers of fecal streptococci indicates unhygienic handling and/or faulty storage. Presented in the paper is the methodology of determining the presence of fecal streptococci in fish and fishery products.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Fishery products ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; Aerobic bacteria ; Microbiological analysis ; Microorganisms ; Pathogenic bacteria ; Pathogens ; Health and safety ; Public health ; Microbial contamination
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: application/pdf
    Format: E-6.1-E-6.3
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26847 | 23782 | 2019-11-15 07:43:06 | 26847 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Salmonella is a gram-negative bacterium of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Salmonella lives in animal and human intestines and is shed through feces, which usually infects humans through contaminated water or food. The paper presents the methodology of determining the presence of Salmonella and Shigella in fish and fishery products.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Fishery products ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; Aerobic bacteria ; Microbiological analysis ; Microorganisms ; Pathogenic bacteria ; Pathogens ; Health and safety ; Public health ; Microbial contamination ; Salmonella
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: application/pdf
    Format: E-4.1-E-4.5
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26865 | 23782 | 2019-11-05 03:25:17 | 26865 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: A review is made of studies conducted on cryoprotectants for use in the frozen storage of processed fishery products, such as surimi. Some 150 compounds were screened for cryoprotective effects on fish actomyosin; the findings of experiments investigating the behaviour of carp actomyosin, and fish myosin, actin and other constituent proteins during frozen storage are described. The mechanism of freeze denaturation and of the effects of cryoprotectants is outlined and the application of cryoprotectants in the development of new fish gel products considered.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Food technology ; Product development ; Freezing storage
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    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 64-67
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    Training Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Samut Prakan, Thailand
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26321 | 23782 | 2019-03-27 07:09:15 | 26321 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Training Department
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Dissolved oxygen and carbonate system in seawater in the Gulf of Thailand and the east coast of Peninsular Malaysian September 1995 and April-May 1996 were determined. It was found that surface water was well in equilibrium with the atmosphere. The sub-pycnocline water in the Gulf had the chemistry that was distinctly different from the mixed layer as well as from sub-pycnocline water in the South China Sea near the mouth of the Gulf, even with the same depth. There were some evidences that intermediate water in the South China Sea might flow into the Gulf along the central axis and the coast of Vietnam and Cambodia, and exited the Gulf along the Thai-Malay Peninsular coast. The chemistry of deep water in the South China Sea off the coast of Western Malaysia varied its chemistry by a great deal among seasons which might be due to the prevailing monsoon. Seawater in the Gulf of Thailand and South China Sea was supersaturated with respected to the mineral calcite.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Oceanography ; Carbonates ; Calcite ; Chemical oceanography ; Carbon dioxide ; Dissolved oxygen ; South China Sea ; Gulf of Thailand ; Malaysia
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    Format: application/pdf
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    Format: 6
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26302 | 23782 | 2019-03-27 05:50:18 | 26302 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Singapore ; Pesticides ; Biological sampling ; Fish ; Dried products ; Biochemical analysis ; Lethal limits
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 90-99
    Format: 10
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26448 | 18721 | 2019-05-06 09:59:54 | 26448 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional value (proximate composition, fatty acid profiles, vitamins and minerals) contents and also nutritional quality indices (NQI)) of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) prepared according to common consumer techniques: raw, poached, steamed, microwaved, pan-fried and deep-fried (in olive oil). In comparison to raw fish fillets, when grass carp was cooked there was an increase in protein, lipid and ash contents. Cooking methods had no significant effect on total n-3 fatty acids except for frying fillets. Lowest and highest content of n-3 was shown in deep-fried and pan-fried samples, respectively. Total n-6 fatty acid of cooked samples increased in comparison to raw samples. Na, K, Mg, P and Zn contents of boiled fish fillets significantly decreased. None of cooking methods had a significant effect a vitamin D. However, vitamin A, B_1 and B_3 contents of cooked fish significantly decreased.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Chemistry ; Cooking method ; Grass carp ; Fatty acids ; Vitamins ; Minerals ; Nutritional quality indices
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    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 110-123
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    In:  pjms_ku@yahoo.com | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26615 | 25017 | 2019-06-05 05:57:53 | 26615 | University of Karachi. Marine Reference Collection and Resource Centre
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Gracillaria corticata is abundantly found upon coast line of Pakistan during the months of July to September and it is naturally available rich source of polysaccharides which have commercial importance. In this study different alkalies were sorted out in a combination with physiochemical based agar extraction. The open vessel and steam boiler were studied in a comparison for suitability of NaOH, KOH and NH4OH, duration of heat treatment and NaOH concentration were also optimized. Maximum agar production, 12gm at wet condition was achieved through 1.5 hours heat treatment through steam boiler by the use of 5% NaOH.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Alkali based ; agar extraction ; Gracilaria corticata ; Pakistan coast
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    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 67-71
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    In:  pjms_ku@yahoo.com | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26553 | 25017 | 2019-05-30 13:10:02 | 26553 | University of Karachi. Marine Reference Collection and Resource Centre
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Flavones are naturally occurring polyphenolic compounds known as nontoxicanti oxidants which mainly come from higher plants including seaweeds. Thesecompounds possess a range of physiological properties and extensive literary information is available, but fewer theoretical insights of these compounds have been explored. In this paper, semi empirical Austin Model 1 (AM1) calculations has been reported for a flavone: “5,6,7-trihydroxy-4'-methoxy flavone” to predict the electronic structure and certain properties e.g. geometry optimization, total energy, dipole moments, and heat offormation etc.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Flavones ; semi empirical calculations ; molecular modeling.
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    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 79-83
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    In:  pjms_ku@yahoo.com | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26625 | 25017 | 2019-06-05 06:32:11 | 26625 | University of Karachi. Marine Reference Collection and Resource Centre
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: In this research a comparative study was made between biodegradable films obtained from two different indigenous red seaweeds collected from Karachi coast. Gracilaria corticata and Melanothamnus afaqhussainii were collected from the Buleji coast of Karachi, Pakistan (24o50’N, 66o48’E). Agar extracted from both the seaweeds was used and incorporated as raw material for the formulation of biodegradable films. Sorbitol was used as plasticizer to increase the tensile strength and elasticity of the films. The results showed that the solubility of M. afaqhussainii was higher than G. corticata. The soil burial test showed that the biodegradability percent of M. afaqhussainii (60%) was higher as compared to G. corticata (40%). The tensile strength and elongation break of G. corticata (9.79±1.21 MPa and 28.72±5.13%) was stronger than the M. afaqhussainii (3.98±1.08 MPa and 16.32±3.80). Results of current study showed that the G. corticata has stronger gelling property as compared to M. afaqhussainii.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Red seaweed ; Melanothamnus afaqhussainii ; Gracilaria corticata ; Agar ; Biodegradable films
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 87-92
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26801 | 23782 | 2019-10-22 05:10:19 | 26801 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Presented in the paper is the standard procedure in the determination of ash in meat. Specifically, the procedures in the sample preparation, instrument and apparatus required, and the analytical procedures and calculation for each method are presented.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Ashes ; Ash content ; Heating ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Chemical analysis ; Microbiological analysis ; Standards ; Specifications
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: A-2.1
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26799 | 23782 | 2019-11-12 05:20:14 | 26799 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: The manual provides useful guides for laboratory workers and technical personnel. The procedures for determining the physical and chemical properties of fish meat, the analysis of oils and some additives and microbiological procedures are also included.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Chemical analysis ; Microbiological analysis ; Fishery products ; Processed fishery products ; Fish inspection ; Fishery industry ; Food additives ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26839 | 23782 | 2019-11-15 08:02:24 | 26839 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Polyphosphates are commonly used in the production of fish jelly products. The paper provides the methodology in the detection of polyphosphates in fish products. Instructions on the preparation of sample solution and the apparatus and reagents needed are presented. Detailed procedures in the chromatographic separation of polyphosphates are also provided.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Chemical analysis ; Fishery products ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; Additives ; Food additives ; Phosphates
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: D-1.1-D-1.3
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26297 | 23782 | 2019-03-27 06:01:19 | 26297 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Chemistry ; Cambodia ; Pesticides ; Cultured organisms ; Biological sampling ; Fish ; Fishery products ; Biochemical analysis ; Lethal limits
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 67-70
    Format: 4
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26313 | 23782 | 2019-03-27 06:17:20 | 26313 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Chemistry ; Indonesia ; Drugs ; Biological sampling ; Biochemical analysis ; Cultured organisms ; Lethal limits ; Quality control ; Penaeus monodon ; Penaeus vannamei
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 149-155
    Format: 7
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26304 | 23782 | 2019-03-27 03:53:19 | 26304 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Viet Nam ; Pesticides ; Cultured organisms ; Biological sampling ; Fish ; Fishery products ; Lethal limits
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 106-109
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26314 | 23782 | 2019-03-27 06:26:14 | 26314 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Malaysia ; Drugs ; Biological sampling ; Biochemical analysis ; Quality control ; Lethal limits ; Penaeus monodon
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 156-159
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26452 | 18721 | 2019-05-06 09:49:11 | 26452 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Skin cancer has been reported as a contemporary malignant cancer. Here, anti-cancer effects of sea cucumber extract (SCE) from Holothuria arenicola have been examined on melanoma cells and compared with imidazole carboxamide (Dacarbazine) as a chemotherapy medication against melanoma and Hodgkin's lymphoma. MTT assay and morphological analysis were performed to evaluate cytotoxic effects of H. arenicola extract. Also, several methods were exerted to detect cell dying by SCE and imidazole carboxamide. The MTT assay showed that B16F10 cells proliferation was blocked by SCE (IC_50=31µg ml ^-1) and imidazole carboxamide (IC_50=1600 µg ml ^-1) in a dose and time dependent manner. Apoptosis induction yield treatment occurred at IC50 concentration of SCE and imidazole carboxamide using DAPI staining, Acridine orange/Propodium iodide, PI flow cytometry and annexin/PI assay. The caspase colorimetric kit indicated that SCE and imidazole carboxamide could induce apoptosis through an intrinsic pathway. Collectively, our findings suggested that the methanolic SCE has more efficient cytotoxicity efficiency compared to imidazole carboxamide. Therefore, SCE may be considered as a futuristic marine natural product regarding prevention or treatment of melanoma malignancy.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Holothuroidea ; Holothuria arenicola ; Skin cancer ; Imidazole carboxamide ; Marine ; Caspase
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    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 173-187
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26459 | 18721 | 2019-05-06 09:04:05 | 26459 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Research on eliminating organic pollutants in water by using heterogeneous photocatalysts such as nano-TiO_2 abound. However, the question is whether metabolites, resulting from optical dispersion of environmental pollutants, are still toxic to aquatic organisms. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the effect of a co-exposure to paraquat and TiO_2-NPs on blood biochemical indices of common carp. Fish were exposed to 0.2 and 0.4 mg L^-1 paraquat with 0.125 mg L^-1 TiO_2-NPs for 21 days under different light conditions, including natural photoperiod (16 L 8h^-1 D) and complete darkness. No significant alterations in the Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Creatine phosphokinase (CPK), activities and total protein, albumin, globulin, glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels were observed in fish exposed to TiO_2-NPs and 0.2 mg L^-1 paraquat under normal lighting conditions. However, a significant change in blood biochemical indices in fish exposed to TiO2-NPs with 0.4 mg L^-1 paraquat (16 L 8h^-1 D) and in fish exposed to TiO_2-NPs and paraquat (under darkness). A significant decrease in the activity of Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and a significant increase in creatinine level were observed in all groups which were exposed to TiO_2-NPs and paraquat. The results of this study indicate that using 0.125 mg L^-1 nano-TiO2 in order to remove paraquat (0.2 mg L^-1) under lighting conditions can minimize the adverse effects of paraquat and its metabolites on blood biochemical indices of fish. So, using nano-TiO_2 (0.125 mg L^-1) to remove paraquat under lighting conditions can significantly reduce its toxic effects.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Environment ; Pollution ; Photocatalyst ; TiO2 ; Paraquat ; Biochemical parameters ; Common carp ; Iran
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    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 242-255
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    In:  pjms_ku@yahoo.com | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26507 | 25017 | 2019-05-19 11:51:46 | 26507 | University of Karachi. Marine Reference Collection and Resource Centre
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: The uptake behaviour of porous silica modified with N-propylsalicylaldimine (IE11) and Cd (II), Cr (III), Cu (II), Mn (II) and Pb (II) metal ions were studied. The Log kd values were found to be within the range 2.19 - 5.16 depending on pH and time of stirring. IE11 was used in the separation and preconcentration of Cd (II), Cr (III, VI), Cu (II), Mn (II, VII) and Pb (II) from some natural water samples. The data were compared with those obtained by the solvent extraction method (APDC/MIBK). The proposed methodology permits verification of improvements in the water quality of the Nile River, probably attributed to moderately high floods of the last few years. The method was found to be accurate and precise and not subject to random error.
    Description: Higher Education Commission of Pakistan
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Atomic absorption ; heavy metal ; Spectrometry ions ; modified silica ; natural waters.
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    Format: application/pdf
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    In:  pjms_ku@yahoo.com | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26522 | 25017 | 2019-05-26 07:37:41 | 26522 | University of Karachi. Marine Reference Collection and Resource Centre
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: In this study composition of organic matter and its variations in marine sediments of northwestern Arabian sea has been discussed. This paper presents the geochemical analysis of organic carbon content, C/N and δ13 stable carbon isotope. The primary objective was to investigate the organic matter in sediments below an upwelling area. Undisturbed sediments (Piston core NIOP-486) of late Pleistocene time was collected during Netherlands Indian Ocean Program (NIOP-1992-93). The core NIOP-486 was raised from a depth of 2077 meters near the Owen ridge. This core records deposition history of last 200,000 years and includes 4 warm and 3 cold periods. The distribution of organic carbon content in studied core shows cyclicity during glacial and interglacial stages. The source of organic matter and variations in glacial/interglacial stages are discussed. C/N ratio and δ13 Corg isotope results are described to assess the relative proportions of terrestrial and marine organic matter.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Carbon ; C/N ratio ; δ13 stable carbon isotope ; Terrestrial and Marine organic matter ; Sediment core ; Glacial/interglacial climate ; northwestern Arabian sea ; Netherlands Indian Ocean Program (NIOP-92-93).
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    Format: application/pdf
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    In:  pjms_ku@yahoo.com | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26570 | 25017 | 2019-05-31 14:09:56 | 26570 | University of Karachi. Marine Reference Collection and Resource Centre
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: This work is a continuation of a previous investigation about the electronicstructure of a flavonoid extracted from marine algae. This paper presents the results ofmolecular modeling and ultraviolet transitions by employing density functional DFT andTD-DFT methods. Geometry of the molecule were optimized using B3LYP functional at6-311G (d,p) level of theory and electronic transitions were simulated using TD-DFTmethods in gas phase. The major electronic transition appearing at 353.51nm correspondsto 75% contribution in HOMO to LUMO transition and can be attributed to. π-π*transition. There were 78 filled molecular orbitals were calculated by TD-DFT methodand the energy gap between HOMO and LUMO orbitals were found to be 4.02 eV.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; DFT ; TD-DFT Calculation ; flavonoid ; marine algae.
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    Format: application/pdf
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    In:  pjms_ku@yahoo.com | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26613 | 25017 | 2019-06-04 07:32:29 | 26613 | University of Karachi. Marine Reference Collection and Resource Centre
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Agar is a commercially important biopolymer by marine algae and used up in various industries like microbiological, food, medicine, cosmetics. Acid based pretreatment is explored in this study for open vessel and steam boiler methods in terms of agar production at wet conditions. For the selection of acids the very strong (H2SO4), strong (HCl) and weak acid (CH3COOH) were used and CH3COOH was selected. Furthermore, the strength of CH3COOH was optimized at 1%. The steam boiler treatment with 1h soaking in 1% CH3COOH produced 10g agar which was better than open vessel treatment.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Steam boiler methods ; agar extraction ; Gracilaria corticata
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    In:  pjms_ku@yahoo.com | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26619 | 25017 | 2019-06-05 06:10:25 | 26619 | University of Karachi. Marine Reference Collection and Resource Centre
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: In this study alginate was extracted for the first time from few species of Phaeophycota (Cystoseira indica, Padina tetrastromatica and Jolyna laminarioides) whereas Spatoglossum variabile and Sargassum tenerrimum, has been reported earlier from Karachi coast. Chemical bonding of extracted alginate was examined by using FTIR spectroscopy. Furthermore in pre-extraction step seaweeds were treated with diluted sulfuric acid solution for two different time intervals, all the selected alginophytes showed increased yield of alginate at 12 hrs treatment as compare to 5 hrs treatment.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Seaweeds ; Phaeophycota ; Alginate ; FTIR ; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26803 | 23782 | 2019-11-12 05:32:47 | 26803 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Presented in the paper is the standard procedure in the measurement of free and expressible drips. Specifically, the required apparatus, and the analytical procedures and calculations for free and expressible drips are presented.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Chemical analysis ; Microbiological analysis ; Fishery products ; Processed fishery products ; Fish inspection ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications
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    In:  pjms_ku@yahoo.com | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26514 | 25017 | 2019-05-19 12:47:32 | 26514 | University of Karachi. Marine Reference Collection and Resource Centre
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: At present species of Hypnea are only the exportable seaweeds in Bangladesh. They are widely distributed around St. Martin Island and have already been successfully cultivated in this area holding bright prospect for mass production.
    Description: Higher Education Commission of Pakistan
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Chemistry ; Bangladesh ; Bio-chemical ; Carrageenan ; Hypnea cornuta.
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    Format: application/pdf
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26446 | 18721 | 2019-05-06 10:03:54 | 26446 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: The study on physicochemical factors and primary production of the aquatic ecosystems is important to know the characteristics of the environment and capacity of recharge. Mahshahr Creeks are the most important creeks in the Northwest Persian Gulf, Iran. In this study, variations in physicochemical factors, chl-a, and primary production in creeks of Mahshahr, Zangi, and Moussa were evaluated for 2 months of every season of 2014. The following variables were analyzed: nitrate, phosphate, nitrite, silicate, temperature, salinity, DO, pH, conductivity, turbidity, light, chl-a, primary production and phytoplankton abundance. The maximum amount of chl-a (1.6 mg m^3) was observed in Moussa Creek in April while the minimum amount (0.1 mg m ^-3) was seen in Moussa in July. The highest (1.19 gc m^-2 day^-1) and lowest (0.1gc m^-2 day^-1) amount of primary production were observed at the entrance of Moussa Creek in April and in Zangi Creek in November, respectively. The maximum and minimum abundance of phytoplankton was observed in April and October, respectively in all study areas. The results of correlation test between the studied factors revealed that primary production has a significant relationship with nitrite, chl-a, phytoplankton abundance and light. Primary production in these creeks is relatively high in April and is attributed to the uptake of nutrients including nitrate and phosphate from shallow waters entering these creeks, sufficient light and suitable temperature, but in other months the production is low.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Physicochemical factors ; Chl-a ; Primary production ; Mahshahr Creeks ; Persian Gulf
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26451 | 18721 | 2019-05-06 09:52:22 | 26451 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: The present study was conducted to examine different dietary levels of iron (FeSO4) on some haematological parameters of ship sturgeon, Acipenser nudiventris including red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBCs), differential WBCs, hematocrit (Hct), Hemoglobin (Hb), the mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), the mean corpuscular volume (MCV), immunoglobulin (IgM), ferritin, transferrin and plasma Fe^2+. Four experimental treatments and one control group with three replicates were considered for the experiment. The experimental treatments were fish fed experimental diets containing different levels of FeSO_4 i.e. 100, 200, 250, and 300 mg kg. diet^-1. After 60 days, there were significant differences between experimental groups in terms of WBCs, lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, MCH and MCHC, MCV, total plasma protein, IgM, ferritin, transferrin and plasma Fe^2+ (p〈0.05). In the treatment fed 100 mg. iron kg. diet^-1, more levels of IgM and total plasma protein were observed compared to other experimental groups (p〈0.05). The highest values of neutrophils, monocytes and MCHC were found in control fish whereas MCV, MCH and eosinophils values were higher in the treatment fed 200 mg. iron kg. diet^-1 (p〈0.05). Also, more WBCs were observed in 250 mg. iron kg. diet^-1 treatment than in other groups (p〈0.05). The values of lymphocytes, RBC, Hct, Hb, ferritin, transferrin and plasma Fe^2+ were higher in fish fed 300 mg. iron kg. diet^-1 compared to other experimental groups (p〈0.05). In conclusion, our results showed that the supplementation of ship sturgeon diets with high levels of iron enhances the RBC, Hct, Hb, ferritin, transferrin and plasma iron.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Chemistry ; Iron sulfate (FeSO4) ; Haematological parameters ; Ship sturgeon ; Acipenser nudiventris
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26458 | 18721 | 2019-05-06 09:20:00 | 26458 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: The effects of chitosan (2%) coating combined with green tea extract (GTE) (1%) on the quality of tiger-tooth croaker (Otolithes ruber) fillets including chemical, microbiological, texture, color and sensory properties during 16 days of refrigerated storage was investigated. The color changes were significantly retared, and the texture parameteres and sensory scores were significantly improved in tiger- tooth croaker coated by chitosan, GTE and chitosan combined with GTE, compared with the control. The coincidental lowered rate of increase total volatile base (TVB) content, thiobarbitoric acid (TBA), peroxide value (POV) and free fatty acids (FFA) were obtained in tiger-tooth croaker coated chitosan+GTE. Chitosan in combination with GTE had higher inhibition on microbial growth and yielded the tigertooth croaker with higher likeness, compared with the other treatments. Therefore, fish coated with chitosan+GTE had the lowest losses in quality during refrigerated storage.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Tiger-tooth croaker ; Chitosan coating ; Green tea extract ; Quality ; Iran
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26460 | 18721 | 2019-05-06 08:59:08 | 26460 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Ni and Pb) were determined in soft and hard tissues (three separated shell sections) of gastropod Bufonaria echinata as well as surficial sediments collected in October 2015 from two sampling sites located in the sub-littoral zone of Qeshm Island, Persian Gulf. There were significant differences between the sampling sites for concentrations of all the three elements in the shells and sediments. But in terms of the soft tissues, in the case of Ni and Pb significant differences between the sites could be observed. In all the cases, higher levels were observed in the samples from Suza site, which may be mainly due to the proximity of this site to the relevant anthropogenic sources. Comparison of the gained data from this study with the other relevant researches shows that in most cases the levels of the elements in the soft tissues and shells either fell within the range for other world areas or were lower. The observed increasing trends of metals accumulation in the shell sections (from older to younger sections) could be mainly attributed to the gradual increase of relevant anthropogenic pollutants in the study area, especially in Suza pier, during the recent years. Generally, it can be concluded that the shells of B.echinata could be possibly employed as a biomonitoring tool for historic metals contamination in northeastern part of the Persian Gulf.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Pollution ; Heavy metals ; Biomonitoring tool ; Bufonaria echinata ; Soft and hard tissues ; Shell sections ; Persian Gulf ; Iran
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    In:  pjms_ku@yahoo.com | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26515 | 25017 | 2019-05-19 12:52:16 | 26515 | University of Karachi. Marine Reference Collection and Resource Centre
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Altogether ninety-seven species of algae belonging to fifty-nine genera and six phyla (divisions) were collected from different coastal areas at Karachi and various freshwater habitats at Gadap, Hyderabad, Kinjhar Lake, Kotri and Petaro during September 1997 and August 1998. They were extracted in chloroform:methanol, saponified, subjected to column chromatography (CC, TLC), esterified and analysed for fatty acid (FA) composition initially by gas-liquid-chromatography (GLC) and finally by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The investigated algae revealed that each phylum is characterized by a specific FA-profile. The uncommon acids, some typical FAs and the ratio of acids may appear to be useful chemotaxonomic markers. They were characterized by the largest unsaturation of C20 UFAs, the small number of occurrence and the medium size of most of the variables of FA-diversity.
    Description: Higher Education Commission of Pakistan
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Algae ; Seaweeds ; Phyla ; Phycochemistry ; Fatty acids.
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    In:  pjms_ku@yahoo.com | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26530 | 25017 | 2019-05-26 08:21:31 | 26530 | University of Karachi. Marine Reference Collection and Resource Centre
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Physico-chemical factors of water at different gradient of the salt production pans (reservoir, condenser and crystallizer) of the coastal area in Cox’s Bazar were studied.Analyses of water temperature at different gradient of salt pans show almost similar values (31°C-32°C). The pH values varied from 4.9 to 7.4. The acidic pH values were recorded in Chakaria Sundarban area. Salinity ranged from 30.03‰ to 330.52‰, lowest salinity was found in reservoir pan and highest in crystallizer pan. Electric conductivity values fluctuated between 9.60 and 336.00 mmhos/cm and its values gradually increase from reservoir to crystallizer pans. Total hardness, Ca, Mg and HCO3 varied from 8000 to 213600 mg/l; 2987 to 106300 mg/l, 5013 to 107300 mg/l and 36.6 to 146.4 mg/l respectively and their values were always found to be Reservoir 〈 Condenser〈 Crystallizer. Alkalinity ranged from 50-570 ppm, the lowest values were recorded inreservoir pan and highest were found in crystallizer. Usually higher concentration of K was obtained in crystallizer pan and the highest value (15.2g/l) was recorded at Moheskhali sampling area.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physico-chemical factors ; solar salt farm water ; Bangladesh coast
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    In:  pjms_ku@yahoo.com | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26562 | 25017 | 2019-05-31 13:30:46 | 26562 | University of Karachi. Marine Reference Collection and Resource Centre
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: In present work Four new complexes of 2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzaldehyde-N-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3H-indol-3-ylidene)hydrazine have been synthesized with sometransition metals, i.e. Ni+2, Cu+2 , Co+2 and Zn+2 in non-aqueous medium. Complexeswere characterized by magnetic moment, conductance, scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and spectroscopic investigations including infrared, ultraviolet-visible and atomicabsorption spectroscopy. To support experimental characterization, quantum mechanicaland molecular mechanical (QM/MM) calculations were performed. Experimental resultswith the support of QM and MM computations highlighted the proposition about theligand to be bound to the metal ions in a tridentate manner through its phenolic oxygen,azomethine nitrogen and carbonyl group (C=O). On the basis of experimental andcomputational results, tetrahedral geometry is proposed for Cu+2 complex and distortedtetrahedral geometry is proposed for Zn+2 complex while octahedral geometries areproposed for Co+2 and Ni+2 complexes. For all compounds, anti-cyanobacterial (algicidal)activity was evaluated against three marine cyanobacteria i.e. Pseudoanabaenalonchoides, Lyngbya contorta, and Spirulina major. It was found that the metalcomplexes are more potent anti-cyanobacterial agents than the ligand.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Schiff Bases ; Anti-Cyanobacterial agents ; Molecular Modeling ; MM/QM Calculations.
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26804 | 23782 | 2019-11-12 05:37:03 | 26804 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Presented in the paper is the standard procedure fish protein extractability and its determination. Specifically, the procedures in sampling and sample preparation, apparatus and reagents required, the protein extractability procedures and calculations for each method are presented.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Chemical analysis ; Fishery products ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Proteins ; Fish
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26805 | 23782 | 2019-11-12 05:40:26 | 26805 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Presented in the paper is the standard procedure to a rapid method to assess the gel-forming ability of the fish meat, fish mince, leached meat, and surimi, etc. Specifically, the procedures in the sampling and sample preparation, the apparatus and reagents required, and the analytical procedures and calculations are presented.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Chemical analysis ; Fishery products ; Processed fishery products ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; Viscosity ; Minced products
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26806 | 23782 | 2019-11-12 05:55:49 | 26806 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Presented in the paper is the standard procedure for the quality assessment of fish jelly products and the raw materials for the production thereof. Specifically, the materials and instruments or apparatus required, the sample and test piece preparation, and measurement, measurement, and assessment for each method are presented.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Chemical analysis ; Fishery products ; Processed fishery products ; Fish inspection ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; Gels
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26807 | 23782 | 2019-10-22 03:31:39 | 26807 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Presented in the paper is the standard procedure in protein determination using Kjeldhl method in fish meat. Specifically, the apparatus and the reagents needed and the analytical procedures and calculation are presented.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Chemical analysis ; Fishery products ; Fish inspection ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26821 | 23782 | 2019-11-21 01:08:37 | 26821 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Presented in the paper is the standard procedure in protein determination using Biuret method (modified by Umemoto) in fish meat. Specifically, the apparatus and the reagents needed and the analytical procedures and calculations are presented.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Chemical analysis ; Fishery products ; Fish inspection ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26822 | 23782 | 2019-11-21 01:02:52 | 26822 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Presented in the paper is the standard procedure in the determination of DMA-N by Dyer's colometric method using copper dithiocarbamate in fish meat. Specifically, the reagents needed and the analytical procedures in the determination of DMA are presented.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Chemical analysis ; Fishery products ; Fish inspection ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26823 | 23782 | 2019-11-21 01:05:56 | 26823 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Presented in the paper is the determination of trimethylamine oxide (TMAO-N), trimethylamine (TMA-N), and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) by Conway's method in fish meat. Specifically, the apparatus and the reagents needed and the analytical procedures and calculations for each method are presented.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Chemical analysis ; Fishery products ; Fish inspection ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26824 | 23782 | 2019-11-21 01:00:15 | 26824 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Presented in the paper is the standard procedure in the determination of formaldehyde in fish meat using Nash's reagent. Specifically, the reagents and the apparatus and instruments needed in the analysis are presented. Furthermore, analytical procedures and calculations are presented.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Chemical analysis ; Fishery products ; Fish inspection ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26836 | 23782 | 2019-11-19 00:43:28 | 26836 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: The paper provides the methodology of the determination of methyl esters of fatty acids by gas chromatographic method. Methyl esters of fatty acids from fish and animal fats having 8-24 carbon atoms are separated and determined by gas chromatography. The apparatus, reagents and operating conditions are presented. Detailed procedures of the analysis of the sample are also provided.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Chemical analysis ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; Fish oils ; Fatty acids ; Fats
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    Format: application/pdf
    Format: C-9.1-C-9.3
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    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26827 | 23782 | 2019-11-19 01:11:10 | 26827 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: The paper discusses the significance of lipid analysis in fish. Fish lipids exist as phospholipids and triglycerides which deteriorate during storage due to hydrolysis and oxidation.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Chemical analysis ; Lipids ; Organic compounds ; Fats ; Hydrolysis ; Chemical reactions ; Chemical degradation ; Oxidation
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    Format: application/pdf
    Format: C-1.1
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    North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES) | Sidney, British Columbia
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26958 | 42 | 2020-01-27 18:23:14 | 26958 | North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES)
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Keywords: Atmospheric Sciences ; Chemistry ; Earth Sciences ; Environment ; Oceanography
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 116
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    North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES) | Sidney, British Columbia
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26962 | 42 | 2020-01-28 18:05:22 | 26962 | North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES)
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: PICES science in 2017: Notes from the Science Board Chair. 2018 PICES awards. ECCWO-4 Workshop on “Intercomparison of fisheries and marine ecosystem models”. The PICES–MAFF-sponsored Project on “Building capacity for coastal monitoring by local small-scale fishers”. Northeast Pacific juvenile salmon summer surveys in 2018. 2018 PICES Summer School on “Coastal ocean observatory science”. Working Group 37 organizes a Practical Workshop on “Production methodologies and measurements for in situ zooplankton”. PICES in Ireland: ADRIFT marine bioinvasions study presented at NEOBIOTA 2018. The Bering Sea: Current status and recent trends. The Northeast Pacific: Current status and recent trends. The western North Pacific during the 2018 warm season. In memory of Boris Kotenev. New leadership in PICES.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Oceanography
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    Type: monograph
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    Format: application/pdf
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    North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES) | Sidney, British Columbia
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26963 | 42 | 2020-01-28 18:10:05 | 26963 | North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES)
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: 2019 Inter-sessional Science Board Meeting. 2019 Pacific Ecology and Evolution Conference. Highlights from the FUTURE SSC’s 5th Inter-sessional Meeting. Working together at the 4th GOA-ON International Workshop. Scientific dialogue between the ocean and the atmosphere. SOLAS Early-Career Scientist Day. FishGIS: Incorporating community-based research principles. Future Oceans2 IMBeR Open Science Conference. First global planning meeting for the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. In memoriam: Dr. Olga Nikolaevna Lukyanova. Topic sessions and workshops at PICES-2019. Upcoming Shellfish – Resources and Invaders of the North symposium. The Northeast Pacific: Current status and recent trends. The Bering Sea: Current status and recent trends. The western North Pacific during the 2018/2019 cold season.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Ecology ; Environment ; Oceanography
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    Type: monograph
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    North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES) | Sidney, British Columbia
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26961 | 42 | 2020-01-28 18:00:59 | 26961 | North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES)
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: 2018 Inter-sessional Science Board Meeting. 2018 Pacific Ecology and Evolution Conference. Applying global experiences to regional assessments: A workshop on the Protection of Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems. Activities of the joint PICES/ICES/PAME WG on an Integrated Ecosystem Assessment for the Central Arctic Ocean. In memoriam: Dr. Mary N. Arai. Highlights from the FUTURE SSC’s 4th Inter-sessional Meeting. PICES Interns. A new PICES MAFF-sponsored project: Building capacity for coastal monitoring by small-scale fishers. Scientists from PICES and Mexico meet to discuss closer ties in North Pacific research. An International Symposium on “Understanding changes in transitional areas of the Pacific”. The 4th International Symposium on “The effects of climate change on the world’s oceans”. ECCWO-4 Workshop on “Communicating and responding to climate change”. ECCWO-4 Workshop on “Advances in Earth System Models (ESMs) for marine applications”. ECCWO-4 Workshop on “Exploring potential ocean-based solutions to climate change impacts on marine biodiversity and ecosystem services”. ECCWO-4 Workshop on “Climate change adaptation of fisheries and aquaculture: examples of field projects supporting countries and communities”. ECCWO-4 Workshop on “Climate change and fishing communities: Interactions with environmental conservation, sustainable livelihoods and food security”. ECCWO-4 Workshop on “Utilizing bioenergetics measurements and modeling to evaluate climate change effects on marine species and ecosystems”. ECCWO-4 Workshop on “What do seabirds reveal about the effects of climate change on the world’s oceans?”. ECCWO-4 Workshop on “Connecting climate, ocean and ecosystem observation – Ocean observation futures”. ECCWO-4 Workshop on “Vulnerability of Low Elevated Coastal Zones (LECZ) to SLR in changing oceans”. ECCWO-4 Workshop on “Quantifying thresholds in driver-response relationships to identify reference points”. The Bering Sea: Current status and recent trends. The Northeast Pacific: Current status and recent trends. The western North Pacific during the 2017/2018 cold season. Topic sessions and workshops at PICES-2018. Progress in Oceanography Special Commemorative Issue.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Oceanography
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    North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES) | Sidney, British Columbia
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26964 | 42 | 2020-01-28 18:17:52 | 26964 | North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES)
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: PICES science in 2019: Notes from the Science Board Chair. 2019 PICES awards. Working Group 37 organizes Phase 2 of a Practical Workshop. Communicating science. Integrating biological research, fisheries science and management of Pacific halibut and other widely distributed fish species across the North Pacific. Two decades of the North Pacific CPR program. PICES calendar of events for 2020. PICES/ICES collaborative research initiative. PICES/NPFC collaborative research. The 2019 International Gulf of Alaska Expedition. GlobalHAB: Evaluating, reducing and mitigating the cost of Harmful Algal Blooms. PICES on the cloud. New leadership in PICES. PICES Interns. PICES Special Project: Sea turtle ecology in relation to environmental stressors in North Pacific regions. Regional Consultative and Planning Workshop towards the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. Towards an integrated approach to understanding ecosystem predictability in the North Pacific. Shellfish –Resources and invaders of the North. Highlights of the 2019 FAO International Symposium on Fisheries Sustainability. The Bering Sea: Current status and recent trends. Copepod responses to, and recovery from, the recent marine heatwave in the Northeast Pacific . The western North Pacific during the 2019 warm season. Northeast Pacific juvenile salmon summer surveys in 2019.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Ecology ; Environment ; Oceanography
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    North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES) | Sidney, British Columbia
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26956 | 42 | 2020-01-27 18:15:09 | 26956 | North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES)
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Keywords: Atmospheric Sciences ; Chemistry ; Ecology ; Environment ; Oceanography
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    North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES) | Sidney, British Columbia
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26960 | 42 | 2020-01-28 18:10:56 | 26960 | North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES)
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: PICES science in 2017: A note from the Science Board Chair. 2017 PICES awards. Capacity building: PICES scientists reach out to the next generation of oceanographers in Vladivostok. A MONITOR/TCODE Workshop on “The role of the northern Bering Sea in modulating the Arctic II”. New leadership in PICES. PICES Interns. An unusual gelatinous plankton event in the NE Pacific: The Great Pyrosome Bloom of 2017. Building international partnerships to enhance science-based ecosystem approaches. The Bering Sea: Current status and recent trends. The state of the western North Pacific during the 2017 warm season. Ocean acidification and carbon dioxide uptake in the global ocean. In remembrance of Dr. William T. Peterson. Call for Papers - William Peterson Commemorative Issue. Global Ocean Observing System – Biology and Ecosystems Panel report. OceanObs’19 call for Community White Paper abstracts. Calendar of events.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Environment ; Fisheries ; Oceanography
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26978 | 25026 | 2020-03-05 01:05:37 | 26978 | National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Philippines
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: The physical parameters of seawater are important determinants of water quality. Heavy metals are components that are naturally present in a considerable amount in the ocean but are observed to be rising above the allowable level due to pollution outputs of industrialization. Heavy metal contamination is among the environmental pollution problems that the world faces. Additionally, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is also a toxic compound that accumulates in the ocean floor posing threat to the marine organisms when present in high concentrations. The objective of this study is to document the distribution of temperature and salinity in the water column, heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg) and sediment H2S in Manila Bay from 2012 to 2015. Stratification in the bay was generally a factor of salinity and less of temperature. Stratification due to salinity was consistently observed in September with the halocline occurring around 10 m to 15 m. Most of the time, the bay had evenly distributed temperatures, but the slightly higher temperatures were usually recorded near the coast. Inverse trends were observed for the salinity and temperature of the bay. Pb, Cd, and Hg concentrations in the bay occasionally exceeded the permissible limits especially the lead concentration in January 2013 (ave: 809.81 µg/L), March 2013 (ave: 1102.88 µg/L) and November 2015 (1507.50 µg/L). Cd and Hg concentrations were generally below the permissible limit and the reported limit of analysis. H2S concentration ranged from 〈 4 mg/kg to 9.99 mg/kg for all the survey months. Distribution was higher in the northwestern part and southeastern areas of the bay.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Ecology ; Environment ; Fisheries ; Manila bay ; salinity ; temperature ; heavy metal ; hydrogen sulfide
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26985 | 25026 | 2020-03-05 01:35:33 | 26985 | National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Philippines
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Heavy metals (HM) are high-atomic weight elements hazardous at very low concentrations. Despite the health risk HM contamination brings, studies conducted were only confined to the offshore and marine portions of the bay. Hence, this study was conducted to establish baseline information and compare the spatial and seasonal distribution of heavy metal contamination in water and fishery resources in aquaculture farms and coastal areas in Manila Bay. Water and major aquaculture commodities were collected in November 2014, February 2015 and April 2015 and were analyzed for lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg) using the following methods: (1) Graphite Furnace Atomizer-Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (GFA-AAS) for Pb and Cd and (2) Mercury Vaporizing Unit-AAS (MVU-AAS) for Hg. Cd (Bataan, Cavite, Bulacan, and Pampanga) and Hg (Cavite and Pampanga) in water were found significantly higher during the dry season (p 〈 0.05). In contrast, Pb in water was relatively higher during the wet season but levels were not significantly different with those in the dry. Several sites in Bataan, Bulacan, and Cavite, exceeded DENR regulatory limits for Pb and Hg in water by 1.35 to 1.8%. As for the fishery commodities, 2/12 milkfish samples and 1/9 exceeded regulatory limit for Pb in finfish (0.3 mg/kg) by 1.03 to 3.57% while 1/12 milkfish samples and 1/13 oyster samples exceeded the limit for Hg in bivalves (0.5 mg/kg) by 0.45 to 0.75%.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Management ; Pollution ; Heavy Metals ; Aquaculture ; Manila Bay
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26984 | 25026 | 2020-03-05 01:26:54 | 26984 | National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Philippines
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Sampling was done in duplicates during dry (May 2014 and February 2015) and wet season (September 2014 and November 2014) following the blocking scheme for the nutrient trends. As for the nutrient loading, water samples were collected in three ponds after flooding (water intrusion) and prior to draining (water release). Colorimetric analyses by UV-Vis Spectroscopy following the US EPA standard methods were used to determine the samples’ nutrient levels specifically, ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, and phosphorus. Results showed that ammonia had the highest levels followed by phosphorus, nitrate, and nitrite. Geographically, higher concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus were observed in Eastern Bulacan aquaculture farms, which is attributed to the farmers’ disregard of the important pond preparation activities. Varying seasonal trends were noted among nutrient species due to the different reactions of each analyte under changing climatic conditions. Nutrient levels in sediments were several folds higher than that in the water column. Results of correlation analyses of nutrients in water and sediments showed: a) a good correlation for phosphorus, b) weak correlation for ammonia, and c) no correlation for nitrites and nitrates, implying that sediments maybe a possible contributor of phosphorus and ammonia in water but not nitrite and nitrate. Ammonia and TKN were significantly higher during the flooding suggesting that water coming in to the pond already contains high levels of said nutrients possibly due to higher organic load. Conversely, nitrite and nitrate levels were significantly higher during the draining suggesting transformation of ammonia into these less toxic substances by nitrifying bacteria.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Oceanography ; Aquaculture ; Nitrogen ; Phosphorus ; Manila Bay
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26993 | 25026 | 2020-03-05 02:10:08 | 26993 | National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Philippines
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: A pre-column derivatization-ultra high performance liquid chromatographic (UHPLC) method is described for the determination of histamine in fish and fishery products. The homogenized samples were extracted with trichloroacetic acid (TCA) solution and derivatized with o-phthaldialdehyde. Histamine was separated using reversed-phase column and determined using UHPLC with fluorescence detection. The linear calibration range was 10 to 60 µg/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.9993. Good recoveries were observed for the histamine under investigation at all spiking levels, and average recoveries were higher than 89% with a precision smaller than 8.46%. The detection and quantification limit were 2.7 and 8.3 µg/g, respectively. The uncertainty was estimated to be ± 0.45. The performance of the proposed method was checked with a proficiency test sample from the Food Analysis Performance Assessment Scheme (FAPAS) as external quality control; the resulting z-score was -0.2, which was found within acceptable range of -2 ≤ z ≤ 2. The results indicated that this HPLC method was reliable, sensitive, reproducible, and practical for the routine analysis of histamine in fish and fishery products.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Environment ; Fisheries ; histamine ; liquid chromatography ; method validation ; proficiency test
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: This project has focused on better understanding the potential impact of On-Farm Flood Capture and Recharge (OFFCR) on groundwater quality pertaining to salts and nitrate and on assessing potential management opportunities. To achieve these goals, we used a combination of field and modeling studies. For the field study, soil cores were taken to a depth of 30 feet in replicate across fields with three different specialty crops identified as important to the San Joaquin Valley (tomatoes, almonds, vineyards) and with potential suitability for OFFCR. A prime goal of the field study was to provide data for parameterizing two models developed to assess nitrate, salt and water transport through the vadose zone, prior to percolating into the groundwater aquifer.However, the field study also resulted in key findings that show its value as a stand-alone study: 1) Nitrate concentrations are highest in the upper vadose zone and affected by texture. Those effects are not evident in the deeper vadose zone. 2) Vadose zone nitrate concentrations are affected by the crop grown. These results suggest an opportunity for lower legacy mass transport for grapes and higher legacy mass transport for both tomatoes and almonds.3) Variability in individual farmers’ past and present fertilizer and water management practices contributes to different legacy salt and nitrate loads in the vadose zone.Data from the field study and other related and concurrent OFFCR field efforts were used during model development. The overall modeling approach was designed to model nitrate and salt transport for lands under OFFCR operation for different crop types, vadose zone characteristics and groundwater characteristics. The defined goals of this design and modeling approach were to: 1) model nitrate and salt movement through the vadose zone and into groundwater; 2) test the model against scenarios that consider different recharge rates, cultural practices, soil types, and depths to groundwater, assessing the timing and magnitude of loading through the vadose zone and the effects on underlying groundwater; and 3) recommend management practices to mitigate potential groundwater impacts. To achieve these goals, two models were integrated to simulate nitrate and salt transport through the vadose zone to groundwater under different scenarios: a 1D Hydrus model and an analytical groundwater model (AGM).
    Description: USDA Specialty Crop Block Grants, CA. Grant Agreement SCB14028
    Description: Nitrate Leaching Risk from Specialty Crop Fields During On-Farm Managed Floodwater Recharge in the Kings Groundwater Basin [USDA Project No: PIN #26174]
    Description: Groundwater Recharge Project, 2016
    Description: On-Farm Recharge Studies, Central Valley, CA
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Chemistry ; Earth Sciences ; Engineering ; Environment ; Management ; Planning ; Pollution ; on-farm recharge ; floodmar ; groundwater ; management ; agriculture ; water quality ; vadose zone ; nitrate ; BMPs ; Kings Groundwater Basin
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    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25179 | 18721 | 2018-09-03 17:23:17 | 25179 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: In this study two species of algae, Sargassum glaucescens and Padina boergeseni that found plenteously in Persian Gulf and Bushehr coast, were collected and hot water extracts of them were lyophilized. F. indicus (11.32±1.20 g), after two weeks adaptation in Shoghab research station were immersed in seawater (39 ppt and 25±1 ○C) containing hot-water extract of each brown algae, S.glaucescens and P.boergeseni, at 100, 300 and 500 mg/l concentration, Survival rate and immunological parameters (total haemocyte count (THC), total plasma protein (TPP), Phagocytic activity, bacterial clearance efficiency and bactericidal activity) were examined. In addition effect of dietary administration of beta 1, 3 1, 6 glucan on prevention of White Spot Disease and immunological parameters of shrimp were investigated. According to results, immersion in seawater containing 300 and 500 mg/l concentration of algal hot-water extract after 2 and 3 hours or oral administration of beta 1,3 1,6 glucan at level of 10 g/kg diet for 14 days significantly enhanced THC, TPP, Phagocytic activity, bacterial clearance efficiency and bactericidal activity. Immersion in seawater containing 100, 300 and 500 mg/l hot-water extract of S.glaucescens after 3 hours, improved the survival rate of WSSV-infected F. indicus.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Bushehr Province ; Beta-glucan ; Sargassum ; Padina algae ; WSD ; Fenneropenaeus indicus ; Species ; Algae ; Brown Algae ; S.glaucescens ; P.boergeseni ; Survival rate ; White Spot Disease ; Shrimp
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    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25618 | 18721 | 2018-10-07 16:34:53 | 25618 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Chitin and chitosan are 2 very important products of biopolymer that enjoy high consumption in industry, but their production sources are very limited. In this study, Artemia urmiana cyst shells were obtained from previously collected and stored ones in Iranian Artemia Research Center. 20 kg of Artemia urmiana cyst shells were sampled, cleaned, separated, dried and transferred to Iranian Artemia Research Center Laboratory to extract their Chitin and chitosan. Their chitin and chitosan initially were extracted using optimized common chemical methods. Their properties were compared to 2 other types of Chitin and chitosan obtained from crab and shrimp manufactured by Vietnam and China, respectively. To determine their quality, elemental analysis device, infrared spectrophotometry, x –ray radiography, determination of viscosity , molecular weight, crystallinity percent, color, de stylization measure, empirical and molecular formulas were made. The results showed that the percentage of chitin obtained from Artemia cyst Shells in Chemical method was 28 ± 3 % by weight and efficiency into chitosan (grade steel relief) in this method was 50± 5%. To optimize the extraction procedure and the removal of proteins of chitin by biological practices that were done by sodium hydroxide in the chemical method, it was replaced by the bacterium Bacillus subtilis. And in the bio- phase of chitosan de steelation fungus Aspergillus niger enzyme was replaced instead of sodium hydroxide at high temperatures. The results showed that chitin and chitosan can be extracted from Artemia cyst shell using biological method and their characteristics included as in chitin 49.6% C, 8.2 % N, 7.5 % H, and 34.5 %O. Also the same levels for chitosan were 44.4 %, 8.9, 7.2 and 39.5 %, respectively. Their other quality characteristics were included chitin average molecular weight 4.9×10^6 Dalton, crystallinity percentage of 36.4, viscosity at 20°C 31 centipoise and its color was gray to brown. In the biologic method, the average molecular weight of chitosan, crystallinity percentage, viscosity at 20°C, were 5.1×105 Dalton, 94.5, and 18 centipoises, respectively. Also, its color was pale brown. Chemical structure of extracted chitin and chitosan from the shell of Artemia urmiana cysts were C_7H_12NO_4 and C_6H_11 NO_4c, respectively. The comparison of chitin and chitosan obtained from each chemical and biological method revealed that replacing biological methods instead of chemical methods is possible in achieving these products at suitable condition and better quality. This can eliminate the use of chemicals damaging the environment such as sodium hydroxide and decrease environmental pollution.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Iran ; Artemia urmiana cyst shell ; Chitin ; Chitosan ; Chemical ; Biological methods ; Crab shell ; Shrimp shell ; Biotechnology
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    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25642 | 18721 | 2018-10-14 02:40:17 | 25642 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Padina boergesenii is one of the most abundant brown algae distributed in the north of Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. In this study after sampling and preparation of Padina boergesenii by Chroform-Etanol (3-1) solvent and by Methanol has been extract. Separation and purification of the compounds was carried out using thin layer, general and inverse column chromatography, Cephadex and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Structural elucidation of the constituents was based on the data obtained from H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HSQC, HMBC, DEPT and Cephadex LH-20. The steroids compounds separated from above alga were identified as 22dehydrocholesterol (1), cholesterol (2), fucosterol (3), β-sitosterol (4), stigmasterol (5), ostreasterol (6) and two epimer of hyroxyestrol(7), based on their spectral data and from comparison with those previously reported in the literature.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Iran ; Oman Sea ; Persian Gulf ; Brown Algae ; Padina boergesenii ; Steroids compounds ; Extraction ; Purification ; Identification ; Amount verification ; Sargassum glaucescens ; Algae ; Abundant ; Sampling ; Chromatography ; Cephadex ; Dehydrocholesterol ; Cholesterol ; Fucosterol ; β-sitosterol ; Stigmasterol ; Ostreasterol
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    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25792 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 08:54:26 | 25792 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Cheshmehkileh River and adjacent mountainous streams, play a strategic role as a historical axis for anthropogenic civilization, human welfare also habitat and migration pathway of commercial – biologic valuable fishes e.g. Caspian trout, Caspian kuttum, members of Cyprinidae family in south Caspian Sea drainage. Treats such as overfishing of Caspian trout and Red spotted trout stocks in mountainous headwaters, barriers construction and manipulations those are out of river carrying capacity developed by human activities, affected normal function of river as well. Sand mining big factories establishment next to the river, legal and illegal trade of river sediments, direct entry of Tonekabon landfill leakage into the river, development of Rainbow trout farms since 3 decades and huge effluents into the river containing dead fish and types of solids, escapement of cultured Rainbow trouts into the river, … are major minimum factors which needs basic information for integrating inclusively drainage management system. Cheshmehkileh River contains Headwaters of Dohezar (Daryasar & Nusha), Sehezar and Valamroud rivers during 13 monthly sampling phases between September 2009 and October 2010 based on macrozoobenthoses investigations by EPT, EPT/C EPA protocols, measurements of nominated physic-chemical and microbiologic parameters. Probability of Rainbow trouts escapement and invasion, existence, nutrition in Cheshmehkileh environment indeed investigated. Data analysis explained significant differences (P〈0.05) between groups of measured parameters in different sampling stations. Dendogram of clustered analysis based on consolidation of major biologic/ physic-chemical and microbiologic parameters, separated stations No. 1, 3, 2, 4 in one group and remained classified in different groups. Station 8 and 9 similarly separated which expressed general similarities according to Sehezar river environment which were differs in comparison with other stations. Station 11 separated according to its natural quality of water and environment. Similarities between station 10 to Sehezar river stations 8 and 9 expressed general influence of Sehezar River more than Dohezar River in Cheshmehkileh condition especially in station No. 10. High scores of EPT and EPT/C indices in upstream stations 1, 3 and 8 also low score of indices in stations 7, 13 and 6 expressed levels of environment quality between these groups of stations. Maximum average biomass of macroinvertebrates belongs to Trichoptera order in Cheshmehkileh River. Significant decrease of biomass in stations 11, 12 and 13 in comparison with other stations stated environment degradation in mentioned stations relevant to excessive sand mining as well. Pollution resistant groups of invertebrates significantly increased in downstreams against upstream stations. Also disappearing of Plecoptera order in station No. 7, 9, 10 and 13 stated low quality of environment in comparison with upstream stations. Confirmation of effects quality and quantity for point and non-point sources of imported pollutants require specific management considerations in order to present exploitations, pollutants control and emergencies for river monitoring in forthcoming years.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Management ; Iran ; Tonekabon ; Cheshmehkileh ; River ; Pollution ; Aquaculture ; EPTC ; Assessment ; Macroinvertebrates ; Chemistry ; Microbiology
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    UNSAM EDITA | San Martin, Buenos Aires, Argentina
    In:  futuros@funintec.org.ar | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25052 | 20575 | 2019-02-10 13:54:47 | 25052 | Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Argentina
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Este libro contiene las presentaciones de las conferencias invitadas de expertos y las realizadas en formato “poster” por los estudiantes participantes en el Workshop “Aguas + Humedales”, realizado en San Martín entre el 17 y el 22 de octubre de 2016 en la Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Argentina. Con el objeto de brindar a los estudiantes de posgrado un panorama amplio del problema del agua y su proyección hacia el futuro, el material que aquí se presenta se ocupa de temas tales como el agua como fuente segura para consumo humano y su vida cotidiana, como recurso fundamental para la actividad agropecuaria, como fuente de alimentos, como fluido de proceso y de transporte de calor, como vía de comunicación y transporte. Se plantean interrogantes sobre la disponibilidad del recurso, sobre la intervención humana en el ciclo hidrológico y en el clima. También se analizan problemas relacionados con tecnologías para el tratamiento de aguas, tanto para consumo humano como tratamiento de efluentes de diverso tipo. Se presta especial atención a la dimensión social del tema: derecho y economía del agua, estudios vinculados con las decisiones sobre el uso del recurso y el desarrollo de legislaciones y regulaciones.
    Description: Fundación Innovación y Tecnología, Buenos AIres, Argentina (FUNINTEC)
    Description: Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina (UNSAM)
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Aquaculture ; Biology ; Chemistry ; Conservation ; Earth Sciences ; Ecology ; Engineering ; Environment ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; Policies ; Pollution ; Argentina ; Agua ; Humedales ; latinoamerica ; servicios de agua potable ; saneamiento ; gestión recursos hídricos ; desertificación ; gestión del agua ; economía del agua ; tierras secas ; biodiversidad ; servicios ecosistémicos ; esteros del iberá ; Arsénico en el agua ; descontaminación ; desarrollo sostenible ; ictiofauna ; pesquerías ; América del sur ; ríos ; sedimentos ; desarrollo sostenible ; provincia de corrientes ; río paraná ; inundaciones ; biodiversidad taxonómica ; biocontaminantes ; fitorremediación ; río ambato ; provinica de catamarca ; lagunas ; landsat ; delta del río paraná
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25065 | 18721 | 2018-11-15 17:12:01 | 25065 | Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: In this study, the removal of congo red and erythrosine as anionic dyes were investigated by using the cucurbit[6]uril nonporous as a new adsorbent. In the proposed mythology, the batch removal method was applied. In order to obtain maximum removal efficiency, the effects of acidity of solution, adsorbent dosage and contacting time were investigated and optimized. Adsorption experimental data were analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and the best-fitted data was obtained with the Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacity was 128.2 mg g^-1 and 95.9 mg g^-1 for congo red and erythrosine, respectively. This method was successfully applied for the removal of congo red and erythrosine dyes from Karron and Bahmanshir water river and Persian Gulf water samples.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Pollution ; Iran ; Removal of dye ; Cucurbit[6]uril nonporous ; Congo red ; Erythrosine ; Adsorbent ; Ecosystem
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: In this study, first, the influence of three precooking methods (steaming, oven-baking and microwave-cooking) on the contents of mineral elements-copper, zinc, iron, calcium and sodium-of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) was evaluated. Determination results of evaluated elements in raw fish and cooked samples were in range 3.05 to 4.19 for copper, 71.45 to 82.85 for zinc, 32.18 to 40.70 for iron, 425.6 to 529.46 and 315.5 to 534.76 for calcium. Results showed different precooking treatments had no significant effects on the amounts of mineral elements such as copper, zinc, calcium and sodium. The Iron content in the samples subjected to microwave cooking increased. With doing multivariate analysis, on comparing the raw and precooked fillets, steam cooking found to be the best precooking method on retain mineral elements. After choosing the best precooking method, for evaluating the influence of different filling media including sunflower oil, soybean oil, olive oil and brine, on the quality of canned silver carp, amounts of mineral elements(copper, zinc, iron, calcium and sodium) and microbial indices(total counts, thermopile count and clostridium) and sensory indices (color, smell, taste and texture) was surveyed. Assessments of microbial indices showed no microbial activity in canned products. After canning amounts of sodium increased in all the treatments. Except for iron, using soybean oil had no significant effect on the contents of other elements. The highest levels of iron and copper were observed in olive oil canned samples sterilized at 130°C. Sensory evaluating showed, kind of filling media had no significant effects on sensory indices such as taste, smell and color of canned samples. The texture of soybean oil canned samples and the quality defects of olive oil and brine canned samples had better condition than other treatments. In the last step, canned silver carp were proceed under three different temperatures (115°C, 120°C and 130°C) with equal lethality value (Fo=7min), then sensory indices and amount of mineral elements were compared. Results showed, the contents of iron, copper, sodium and calcium were changed in soybean oil canned sample. The amounts of copper and sodium in sunflower oil canned sample subjected to different heating regimes showed significant variation. The highest amount of copper was observed in the canned samples subjected to 130°C heating regime. Results showed contents of iron and copper of olive oil canned sample subjected to 120°C and 130°C heating regimes were higher than sample subjected to 115°C heating regime, while the zinc and calcium contents had no variation. In brine canned samples the highest amounts of copper and iron was obtained after sterilization in 120°C. Results of sensory evaluation showed different heating regimes had no significant effects on the indices of taste, smell, and color of products. Doing 130°C heating regime in brine canned samples led to obtain the better tenacity of texture. While this heating regime caused to increase the quality defects of soybean oil canned samples as a result of existence of hard parts of bone.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Iran ; Precooking ; Filling media ; Heating regime ; Sterilization ; Silver carp ; Mineral elements ; Hypopthalmichthys molitrix ; Samples ; Sunflower oil ; Soybean oil ; Silver Carp
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    Type: monograph
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  • 88
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    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25118 | 18721 | 2018-08-22 02:17:23 | 25118 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Studies show that thyroxine can play an important role in regulating growth and other physiology activities. Since the direct role of thyroxine in growth metamorphose larval of bony fishes hasn't been proved yet, during the experiment accomplished in Shahid Ansari and Jajrood station, the hormones function in the survival of development of silver carp, grass carp and rainbow trout were studied. In this study accomplished of thyroxine baths with 0.1, 0.5 and 1 ppm (with 3 repeat). The other phase, thyroxine injected to females grass carp, silver carp, rainbow trout and barbell of Caspian Sea with different doses (1, 10 and 100 g/g B.W.). Tehn survival of development of embryo and larval and precent of fertilization were studied. Also, the percent of mortality were compared in two phases in stages of development. Results show that: 1) Trout: a) Phase of thyroxine bath: The number of hatching eggs and survival of larval in 0.5 ppm were increased to other treatment. b) Phase of hormone injection: The survival of larval in treatment of 10 g/g was 8.58% that was meaningful difference to other treatment (P〈0.05). 2) Silver carp: a) Phase of thyroxine bath: The number of hatching eggs and survival of larval in 0.5 ppm were (20%) increased to other treatment (P〈0.5). b) Phase of hormone injection: The survival of larval in treatment of 10 g/g was meaningful difference to other treatment (P〈0.05). 3) Grass carp: a) Phase of thyroxine bath: The number of hatching eggs and survival of larval in 0.5 ppm were 39% increased to other treatment. b) Phase of hormone injection: The survival of larval in treatment of 1 g/g was meaningful difference to other treatment (P〈0.05). 4) Barbel of Caspian Sea: Development stages wasn't determined in this fish. Number of eggs degenerated, number of eggs were the first development stages and growth of numbers increased on ovary.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Thyroxine ; Female ; Survival ; Growth ; Egg ; Larval ; Grass Carp ; Silver Carp ; Thyroxine (T4)
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  • 89
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    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25713 | 18721 | 2018-10-10 10:11:15 | 25713 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Chitin nanofibers are prepared from the exoskeletons of shrimp by a simple mechanical treatment after a series of purification steps. The nanofibers have fine nanofibers networks with a uniform width of approximately 10 nm. Grinders and highpressure water jet systems are effective for disintegrating chitin into nanofibers. Acidic conditions are the key factor to facilitate mechanical fibrillation. Ultrafine fibers were successfully fabricated chitosan and fish skinextracted gelatin via electrospinning (ES). Important ES parameters, such as concentration of aqueous acid and fish gelatin solutions, and electric field intensity were examined to investigate the effects on the morphology of the gelatin nanofibers. Due to the poor mechanical properties of the fish gelatin membranes, composite nanofibers made of fish gelatin and poly(L-lactide)(PLLA) were produced with a novel solution. The introduction of PLLA remarkably improved the mechanical properties of the gelatin membranes. With a combination of good biocompatibility and mechanical properties, fish gelatin/PLGA blending non-woven mats are considered to be very promising in fish fillet coating application.. in this study, we fabricated a novel nanofibers composed of fish collagen (FC) and polycaprolactone (PCL) blends by using the electrospinning method. Nanofibers were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and it was revealed that the diameter of nanofibers decreases as FC content was increased in the FC/PCL composite nanofibers. Several modifications to the chitin NF surface are achieved, including acetylation, deacetylation and maleylation. The results of this study revealed that: 1–It is possible to produce Nanofibers from chitosan and fish gelatin. 2– Covering and coating of processed fish by nanofibers are applicable and increasing the possibility of shell life for the processed fish. 3– Nanofibers which have been produced from chitosan and fish gelation not only is environmentally friendly but also it will be eatable while has been covered for fish fillets. biocompatible chitosan and gelatin made from fish, fresh fish fillets do not have the ability to cover and packaging, but is edible and used.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Iran ; Chitin ; Chitosan ; Nanofiber ; Chemical modification ; Fish ; Aquatic ; Maintenance
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study was conducted to determine phosphorous and nitrogen species at the surface sediment in the southern Caspian Sea (Mazandaran Coast, Kelarabad). Surface sediments samples were collected at three stations from autumn of 2011 to winter of 2012. All samples were prepared by digesting and extracting processes and then phosphorous and nitrogen species concentrations determined using spectroscopy instrument. Results of this study showed that annual mean of Loosely-P, Fe-P, Al-P, Bioava.-P, Ca-P, TIP, Rese.-P and TP was obtained as 5.06±0.33, 55.11±2.52, 42.38±3.74, 102.52±5.68, 172.91±7.12, 275±9.12, 333.30±28.52 and 608±52 µg/g.dw, respectively. The results also showed that inorganic phophorous was less than organic phophorous during different seasons, however, mean percentage of residue-P containing organic compounds and non-degradable compounds was more than 50 percent. Percentage of Ca-P was higher than 60, whereas Bioava.-P was less than 40 percent. In addition, Fe-P and Loosely-P attained the maximum and minimum values, respectively, among the bioavailable phophorous. The order of different forms of phosphorous were recorded as Org-P〉Ca-P〉FeP〉Al-P〉Loosely-P. Annual mean of NH4/N, NO2/N, NO3/N, TIN, TON and TN were observed as 4.23±0.50, 0.06±0.01, 0.74±0.12, 5.02±0.53, 2.48±0.63 and 7.53±0.51 µg/g.dw, respectively. Annual percentage of TIN was two folds than TON and concentration of NH4/N was also four times than NO3/N. As a conclusion, the results revealed that main causes of Bioava.-P adsorption and desorption were temperature, Eh and pH. Also, the form of NH4+/N was of a high percentage because of anaerobic condition in the sediments. According to the high ratios of nitrogen/phosphorous of sediments to nitrogen and phosphorous of bottom water, it finds that released of those from the sediments to water will be happened with high rates. Therefore, it is expected that the establishment of fish farming cages should be carried out with more precautionary approaches which not leads to increased algae bloom.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Ecology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Kelarabad ; Mazandaran coast ; Phophorous ; Nitrogen ; Surface sediment ; Determination ; Breeding
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  • 91
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    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25772 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 08:08:05 | 25772 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Seaweed belonged to baseborn marine plants with cell wall containing of valued polysaccharides such as Agar, Alginate, Limen sulfate and Carmine, used as food additives and in different industries. Base on previous studies, more than 1000 MT. of Sargassum seaweed withdraw from Oman Sea in Sistan and Baluchistan coastal line which can be collect, dried and powdered for using as supplement in shrimp feed. In this project, Sargassum ilicifolium collected from 6 coastal areas, rinsed, dried, powdered and measured the nutritional values in laboratory for surveying statistically. According to the high nutritional value of Tis coastal seaweed, this variety seaweed powder, replaced with protein resources (fish meal and Soy and Wheat) of white-leg shrimp feed which was formulated by Havorash feed factory of Boshehr in four treatments (A: as control without any replacement) B: with 5%, C: 10 % and D: 15% seaweed replacement, each with three replicates in order to obtain isonitrogenus 33% CP., and iso-caloric (13% fat and 15% carbohydrate) feed using winfeed software. The weighed milled ingredients were carefully mixed using a laboratory food mixer. The mixtures were primed with 30% hot water to yield a suitable pulp. Wet diets were made into 2 mm pellet size and dried at 40 °C in a drying cabinet and maintained in standard condition which was used for water stability and absorption capacity test of the pellets in sea water, statistically one way- ANOVA. The Tis coastal seaweed with 9.8% CP, 2% lipid and 23% carbohydrate had higher nutritional value compared to the other gathered seaweed. Also amino acid and fatty acid profiles, vitamins and minerals were measured in all seaweed samples each, with three replications. As result, for using Sargassum ilicifolium as vitamins and mineral premixes in white- leg shrimp feed, Zinc, Cobalt and Phenylalanine with dose of 1.1, 06.0 and 4.0 ml. 100% dried seaweed must be added respectively. The water stability of D feed treatment in seawater (98%) and C (97%) had statistical differences with A and B (95% stability) (P〈0.05). Water absorption capacity of feeds after one hour immersion in seawater showed significance difference between D (110%) and three others, C(100%), B(85% and control(80%) (P〈0.05). As final aim of this project, enriched product of this seaweed as minerals and vitamins supplements were handsel joinery in the Second Medicine Plant Festival, 2016 and registered in recording organization to give the final certificate.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Chemistry ; Iran ; Sargassum illicifolium ; Sargassum illicifolium ; Mineral and vitamins supplements ; Natural binder ; Litopenaeus vannamei ; Seaweed ; Vitamin ; White leg shrimp
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  • 92
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    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25580 | 18721 | 2018-10-07 10:35:48 | 25580 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: By-products consist of more than half of the total weight of fish. Most part of these wastes made from connective tissue proteins that provide good potential to produce gelatin. Nowadays, consumers are more health conscious and have responded to the call for a diet that contains low calorie and low fat. This work involved the characterization of a low-fat spread made of fish gelatin as gelling agent, emulsifier and fat replacer. Six treatments with Fish gelatin (FG) to pectin ratio 1:1 and 2:1, with pectin concentration of 1, 2 and 3%, were produced and evaluated for quality changes and storage-life at refrigerated storage. The results showed that prepared emulsions were physically stable and no phase separation observed during 8 wks. The pH of treatments was 4.5 to 4.9. The moisture content of treatments varied from 68.9% for T1 (FG/pectin ratio 1:1) to 65.4% for T6 (FG/pectin ratio 6:3). The Max. lipid of samples was measured 28.4%. Max. and min. protein of samples were 3.8% for T6 and 1.6% for T2 (FG/pectin ratio 2:1), respectively. No significant differences (p≥0.05) were observed between ash content of all treatments and control (commercial margarin). The acidity of treatments increased during storage and were significantly different from production day (p≤0.05). Peroxide value (PV) of treatments increased significantly at refrigerated storage. No significant differences were observed between PV of treatments during different wks of sampling. The results of texture profile analysis showed that firmness, compressibility and adhesiveness properties were significantly increase with higher substitution of FG with pectin. Color, Aroma, Taste and texture properties of prepared samples were found to significantly lower than control, according to sensory evaluation. Significant increases were observed in mold/yeast and psychrophilic count of treatments during storage. The macroscopic growth of molds was observed on all samples in 8th wks. No coliform growth was observed in all treatments at any time. Results suggest that low-fat spread properties were significantly influenced by different ratios of fish gelatin and pectin incorporated. It seems that these results can provide new opportunities to develop market with introducing novel products to response consumer demands. Some quality defects observed in this study can be improved by using suitable machinery at industrial scale.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Iran ; Fish gelatin ; Low-fat spread ; Fish wastes ; Quality characterictics ; Texture profile ; Shelf-life ; Refrigerated temperature ; Cultured Carp ; Diet ; Lipid
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  • 93
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25883 | 20827 | 2018-10-11 09:19:50 | 25883 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Aquaculture Department
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Many aquaculture chemicals are, by their very nature, biocidal, and may be released to the surrounding environment at toxic concentrations either through misuse, or in some cases, even by following generally accepted procedures for use. Thus, there is a potential for mortality of non-target organisms. Illustrations are provided of three classes of aquaculture chemicals and their effects on non-target biota: 1) use of a carbaryl pesticide and mortality of non-target invertebrates; 2) use of an organophosphate parasiticide and suspected effects on nearby biota; and 3) effects of antibacterial residues in aquatic sediments on the associated microbial community. Efforts to assess the risks posed by aquaculture chemicals are often frustrated by a lack of information on environmental fate and effects, and data needs to resolve this situation are identified.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Chemistry ; Sediment chemistry ; Sediment pollution ; Antiparasitic agents ; Illustrations ; Environmental impact ; Antibiotics ; Toxicity ; Identification ; Aquaculture ; Environmental factors ; Control resistance ; Pesticides ; Culture effects ; Chemical pollution ; Chemical pollutants ; Mortality causes
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 94
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    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24590 | 19325 | 2018-05-20 16:05:58 | 24590 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: The water analysis of five selected ponds in Ado-Ekiti in Ekiti State, was carried out to determine their suitability for fish culture. Pa rameters analyzed were: Temperature, Turbidity, Carbon (IV) oxide, Alkalinity, Hardness, pH and Dissolved oxygen. Values for temperature ranged between 20.0~'C and 29.0~'C, Turbidity values were between 46.0-50.2cm, Carbon (IV) oxide: 11.5-12.2mg/litre; alkalinity: 100-120mg/liter; hardness: 110-200mg/litre; pH: 6.8-7.8 and dissolved oxygen: 5.8-6.8mg/liter. The values obtained were found to be within acceptable range for fish production.
    Description: Includes: 10 references.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Chemistry ; Nigeria ; Physico-chemical parameter ; Fish pond ; Ado-Ekiti ; Fish production ; freshwater environment ; automation
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  • 95
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23824 | 18721 | 2018-07-27 16:25:17 | 23824 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: Type-A gelatine was extracted from skins and bones of lizard fish and analysed for functional and chemical properties. Bloom gel strength was 159.14±14 and 135±7.9g, respectively, for skin and bone gelatines compared to 2243±7.7 for porcine gelatine (P〈0.05). Gelatine from skin and bone exhibited higher viscosity and lower setting temperature than porcine gelatine. Skin gelatine had higher amino acid composition than bone gelatine, with a total amino acid content of about 21.71% and 19.83% for skin and bone respectively. Alpha chains were higher than pi and 6 components in skin and bone gelatine. Both bone and skin gelatines contained peptides with low molecular weight (〈a). The differences in functional properties between the skin and bone gelatines appeared to be related to differences in amino acid composition and molecular weight distribution of the gelatines.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Gelatine ; Lizard fish ; Amino acids ; Iran
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  • 96
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23856 | 18721 | 2018-08-01 04:42:02 | 23856 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: Silkworm pupae meal is a non-conventional animal protein feedstuff. It is the by-product after the silk thread has been wound off from the cocoon. To investigate the effects of animal protein on growth and survival of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), a sixty-day feeding experiment was conducted. Four replacement levels (0, 5, 10 and 15 percent) of silkworm pupae meal were compared using a completely random design. We used 360 juvenile rainbow trout (average weight 55±3.42g) divided into 4 groups and 3 replications, each containing 30 trout for 60 days. Sampling for nutritional effects was carried out every 10 days and at the end of the experiment, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, protein and efficiency ratio were compared which showed no significant differences (P〉0.05) among the treatments. Total length and survival rate were not significantly affected in the treatment groups. The highest percentage of carcass protein and the lowest percentage of carcass fat belonged to the control treatment. Our findings showed that silkworm pupae meal could replace 15% of fish meal diet in rainbow trout culture.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Nutrition ; Feed conversion ratio ; Protein ; Growth ; Rainbow trout ; Iran
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  • 97
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23871 | 18721 | 2018-08-01 06:18:01 | 23871 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: This project was carried out to increase shelf life of kilka and prevent color changes during cold storage. Edible film made by sodium alginate (0.5% concentration) was used for fish packaging at time zero. The covered samples were kept at -18°C. Examination were carried out for a period of six months. Coliform, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas bacteria contamination were negative until the end of storage period in the covered samples. Total bacterial counts and Acetaphylococcus bacteria count were lower in the treated samples (2.93 and 1.46log cfu/g, respectively) compared with the control specimens (3.21 and 2.28log cfu/g, respectively). Chemical factors consisting of humidity, protein, lipid, ash and calorie were higher in the treated samples (73.34%, 18.96%, 4.62%, 2.88% and 134. 63% kcal/kg, respectively) compared with the control samples (59.43%, 18.04%, 4.03%, 2.87% and 108.43% kcal/kg, respectively) and fresh fish samples (73.93%, 18.91%, 4.59%, 2.87% and 117.28% kcal/kg, respectively). Free fatty acids (0.77 and 9.21g/100), thiobarbitoric acid (0.001 and 0.15mg/kg), peroxide value (0.06 and 3.75meq/kg oil), TVN (6.92 and 16.28mg/100g) and pH (6.34 and 6.91) were lower in the treated samples compared with the control samples. However, no statistically significant decreases were observed in chemical factors including moisture, peroxide value, TVN and pH in the covered samples compared with the control samples during cold storage (P〉0.05). According to the statistical analyses of sensory specifications including taste, odor, color, tissue and total acceptance, there was a significant difference between the covered samples and the control ones (P〈0.05). Using the results of bacterial, chemical and sensory tests and statistical analyses, the covered samples had a favorable quality until the end of storage period. Also, based on the results of sensory analyses and moisture test, the control samples had a favorable quality for a period of three months.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Health ; Packaging ; Common kilka ; Edible film ; Fish processing ; ISW ; Gilan Province ; Iran
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  • 98
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23878 | 18721 | 2018-08-01 06:32:13 | 23878 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: The effects of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the shelf life of Stellate sturgeon, Acipenser stellatus, fillets, (headed and gutted) stored in 4°C was examined and compared to vacuum condition. Three-layered packs (LDPE/EVOH/LDPE) were used with 11141m of thickness. Fish stored in MAP conditions and vacuum samples (as controls), in different times, were evaluated for quality, chemical factors (TVN, PV and pH), microbial parameters (total viable count) and sensory factors. Different gases compositions of CO25 02 and N2 were used for 8 treatments of MAP and vacuum packages. Mixed gases including 20-100% CO2, 35-80% N2 and 0aw5% 02 were used for MAP conditions. Statistical analyses showed that quality, chemical, microbial and sensory factors were significantly different during cold storage (P〈0.05) among treatments. Mixed gases showed no inhibitory effect on spoilage factors (chemical and microbial count), but the spoilage progress was delayed. Increasing of the chemical, microbial and sensory changes in control samples were between 9 to 12 days but in MAP samples were 15 days, and in some such as "D pack" were even more. The "D pack" with mixed gases including "CO2 (60%) and N2 (40%)" followed by the "G pack" including "CO2 (60%), N2 (35%) and 02 (5%)" were the best formula with a shelflife of at least 15 days. When CO2 concentration was increased, amounts of TVN and Microbial community were decreased in MAP packs and the shelflife was increased. The results also showed that storage of Stellate sturgeon fillets at -4 ° C in MAP condition prolongs storage time and increases the product shelflife even after 15 days.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Quality ; Fish processinng ; Food industrial ; Iran
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  • 99
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23917 | 18721 | 2018-08-01 16:43:52 | 23917 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: In this study, we examined to what extent the quality of lanternfish Benthosema pterotum changes during the transportation at the ambient temperature of the southern coast of Iran. For this purpose, trend of pH, total viable count (TVC), total volatile nitrogen (TVN), peroxide value (PV) and moisture changes were determined within the time intervals of 0, 2, 4, 8. 16 and 24 hours after catching the fishes at 23.6° ± 28°c (ambient temperature). After 24 hours the range of changes in these parameters were: pH 6.83 - 7.54, moisture 72.78 - 77.99 %, TVN 20.2 - 263.2 mg/100 gr, PV 0 - 19.97 mg/kg and TVC 49 - 2 x1.012 cfu/g. The results revealed that the lanternfish must be delivered to the fish meal plants within 8 hours. Within this period of time, the quality of lanternfishes as raw material for fish meal production were acceptable. PH, Moisture, TVN, PV, and TVC of the samples after 8 hours were 6.9 - 7.02, 74.18 - 74.68%, 40.06 - 42.04 mg/100 gr, 3.9 - 4.8 mg/kg and 106 - 107 cfu/g respectively. According to these results, the transportation time to fish meal plants at ambient temperature is very limited, and by increasing the transportation time to 8 hours, a good quality meal production from this fish will be impossible. The increase of the ambient temperature will certainly decrease the lanternfish powder's shelf-life.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Temperature ; Quality ; Fish ; Transportation ; Lanternfish ; TVN ; PV ; TVC ; Benthosema pterotum ; Iran
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  • 100
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23970 | 18721 | 2018-08-02 11:56:48 | 23970 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: This research was carried out by Fishery Research Center of Persian Gulf cooperation from July 1995 to Jun 1996 in Parishan lake situated in Fars province, and during that environmental chemical analysis such as oxygen, pH, free ammonia, nitrite, and hydrogen sulfide were investigated which results were as fallows respectively: 0.33 - 7.58 mg/lit, 8.47 - 9.41, 6 - 409 µgr/lit Nitrogen, 2-319 µgr/lit Nitrogen and 0 – 4551 µgr/lit.In Parishan lake ecosystem the average pH in autumn was more than 9, which this pH had some effects directly and indirectly on growth and health of fishes. The average of morning oxygen concentration was acceptable just in summer and early autumn and during the remaining of the year it was about 1 or less than 1 mg/lit. The average of free ammonia was also more than acceptable range most of the time during the year. Just in April there was not any tension. From free ammonia and in other times concentration of this gas was high and probably influence the growth of aquatics. The results showed that Parishan lake ecosystem most of the time was influenced by unfavorable Chemical factors and so prior to fishery activities there must be a completed research and investigation.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical factors ; Parishan lake ; Fars Province ; Iran
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