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  • Other Sources  (8)
  • 2020-2022
  • 1985-1989  (8)
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  • 1
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    Derivation of photochemical information near 1 mbar from ozone and temperature data (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: An analysis procedure has been developed for derivation of information about the photochemical behavior of ozone near 1 mbar by explicitly accounting for the dynamical transport terms in the continuity equation for perturbations from the zonal mean. The procedure is shown to be valid using data from a numerical transport model and is then applied to LIMS ozone and temperature data, using geostrophic winds to estimate the transport terms. The data study is restricted to March at 2, 1, and 0.7 mbar. Because the temperature deviations are dynamically produced, large temperature deviations are associated with significant ozone transport terms. The anticorrelation between the deviations of ozone and temperature disappears when the transport terms are small. The derived photochemical information is compared to photochemical theory. Although there is overall agreement in the magnitude as well as the latitude, altitude, and time dependencies, discrepancies are suggested which may be related to the long-standing failure of photochemical models to calculate ozone accurately near 1 mbar. The theory suggests that the addition of Cl(x) to the stratosphere will affect the relationship of ozone and temperature at 2 and 1 mbar. Comparison of the photochemical information derived from future ozone and temperature measurements with the results of the present analysis should provide a critical test of the photochemical scheme thought to describe the behavior of odd chlorine in the stratosphere.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 91; 13153-13
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  • 2
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    Nitric acid forecast experiments (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Results of two three-dimensional forecasts of the time evolution of the distribution of HNO3 in the stratosphere are reported. The first is for the February 1979 stratospheric warming, and the second is for a period in March, 1979 when the relative importance of photochemistry and dynamics is thought to be rapidly changing. The zonal mean results of the model calculations are in general qualitative agreement with the LIMS HNO3 observations. However, the calculated three-dimensional fields show significant differences from the observations. The results provide insight into what must be done to form a successful constituent forecast model and provide information on the modeling technique and the self-consistency of the observed dynamical and constituent fields.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Physica Scripta (ISSN 0031-8949); 36; 2, Au
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  • 3
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    Chemistry and transport in a three-dimensional stratospheric model - Chlorine species during a simulated stratospheric warming (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The distributions in the stratosphere of a variety of chemical species were calculated for a 6-day period during the February 1979 stratospheric major warming, using winds derived from a spectral forecast model which included O(x), NO(x), HO(x), and ClO(x) chemistries as well as longitudinally varying reaction rate coefficients and photolysis rates for these molecules. The results obtained indicate a particular importance of chemistry and transport for the Cl-containing species ClO, ClONO2, HCl, and HOCl. Dynamical effects dominate the variability of HCl, while diurnal effects dominate that of ClONO2 and ClO. The effects of strong planetary wave activity may be seen in terms of large longitudinal variability of the total HCl and ClONO columns in the stratosphere; in the middle and high northern latitudes, it is sufficiently large to exceed the diurnal variability of the column.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 94; 1057-108
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  • 4
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    Three dimensional simulation of spatial and temporal variability of stratospheric hydrogen chloride (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Spatial and temporal variability of atmospheric HCl columns are calculated for January 1979 using a three-dimensional chemistry-transport model designed to provide the best possible representation of stratospheric transport. Large spatial and temporal variability of the HCl columns is shown to be correlated with lower stratospheric potential vorticity and thus to be of dynamical origin. Systematic longitudinal structure is correlated with planetary wave structure. These results can help place spatially and temporally isolated column and profile measurements in a regional and/or global perspective.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 16; 1149-115
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  • 5
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    Numerical advection algorithms and their role in atmospheric transport and chemistry models (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: During the last 35 years, well over 100 algorithms for modeling advection processes have been described and tested. This review summarizes the development and improvements that have taken place. The nature of the errors caused by numerical approximation to the advection equation are highlighted. Then the particular devices that have been proposed to remedy these errors are discussed. The extensive literature comparing transport algorithms is reviewed. Although there is no clear cut 'best' algorithm, several conclusions can be made. Spectral and pseudospectral techniques consistently provide the highest degree of accuracy, but expense and difficulties assuring positive mixing ratios are serious drawbacks. Schemes which consider fluid slabs bounded by grid points (volume schemes), rather than the simple specification of constituent values at the grid points, provide accurate positive definite results.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Reviews of Geophysics (ISSN 8755-1209); 25; 71-100
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  • 6
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    The use of assimilated stratospheric data in constituent transport calculations (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A stratospheric assimilation system has been developed, which generates wind data that is consistent with the geopotential height (and temperature) field and the primitive equations in the general circulation model. This paper reports the first known calculations to use data from an assimilation to calculate constituent transport in the stratosphere. Nitric acid (NHO3) during the Limb IR Monitor of the Stratosphere (Gille et al., 1984) period is studied. The high-latitude time variance of the HNO3 is accurately captured. These studies suggest that data from an assimilation process offers tremendous potential for studying stratospheric dynamics, constituent transport, and chemistry.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences (ISSN 0022-4928); 46; 687-701
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  • 7
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    Global ozone minima in the historical record (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The magnitude and structure of the global total ozone minimum between 1958 and 1962 is similar to that observed between 1979 and 1983. Analysis of the single station data that exhibit the most pronounced minima suggest that the spatial structure of the global minimum is different from the currently observed reduction. Very low north polar values were observed, but there is no indication of anomalously low ozone in Antarctica. The temporal relationship to the sun spot cycle is similar in both time periods. Rather than solar terrestrial interaction, however, a more likely explanation of the early 1960's reduction is normal climatology caused by a persistent period of planetary wave activity. Such a natural explanation may also be appropriate for the current depletion.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: (ISSN 0094-8276); 13; 1244-124
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  • 8
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    Dynamics, effects at other latitudes (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-11
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: Network for the Detection of Stratospheric Change; 2 p; NASA-TM-104980
    Format: application/pdf
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