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  • Articles  (416)
  • Oxford University Press
  • 2020-2022  (106)
  • 2015-2019  (310)
  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (416)
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  • Articles  (416)
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  • 1
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    Calculations of effectiveness factors and the criteria of mass transfer effect for high-temperature methanation (HTM) catalyst (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-16
    Description: Natural gas is an extremely important bridge fuel to a low-carbon energy economy for improving local air quality. Coal to synthetic natural gas (SNG) is an effective way to convert the high-carbon energy (coal) into the low-carbon energy with rich hydrogen (natural gas). For the modern coal to SNG industry, the high-temperature methanation (HTM) catalyst plays an important role, and the advanced evaluation process should necessitate the elimination of mass transfer effect. Some simple but effective model catalysts, such as slab and sphere, can be very helpful in defining the reaction conditions, and thus facilitating the evaluation process for real HTM catalysts. In this work, slab and sphere model catalysts were adopted to derive mass transfer and reaction-coupled equations, the numerical methods were used to solve the coupled equations for the concentration profiles in catalysts, and the effectiveness factors were accordingly calculated. By taking advantage of the Thiele module and the Weisz–Prater module , the criteria for the elimination of mass transfer effect in the HTM catalyst evaluation process were successfully defined. This work also complements the Weisz–Prater criterion by incorporating ‘negative reaction orders’.
    Keywords: Other low-carbon energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 2
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    A novel low-carbon space conditioning system incorporating phase-change materials and earth-air heat exchangers (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-16
    Description: The energy expended for conditioning buildings around the world is worryingly large and increasing every year. Currently, almost half of houses around the world use some type of energy-expensive conventional air-conditioning system. These systems are high emitters of gases such as carbon dioxide and so high contributors to climate change. Consequently, alternatives must be considered. Earth–air heat exchangers (EAHEs) and phase-change materials (PCMs) may be options; they have, however, limitations. This paper proposes a novel hybrid space-conditioning system combining EAHEs with PCMs, which uses surfaces as sources of heating or cooling to provide better temperature distribution across a space and comfort enhancement with low energy use. The idea is to use an EAHE to provide cool air to discharge the PCM, consequently helping to overcome most of the limitations of both strategies. Two of a series of experiments undertaken to test the proposed system are reported in this article. The EAHE + PCM system compared with a reference room could decrease temperature swings by up to 47%. The system was proved to work although further work is required to make it commercially viable.
    Keywords: Other low-carbon energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    3D analysis of the incident diffuse irradiance on the building's surfaces in an urban environment (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-16
    Description: The design of a future building with very high-energy efficiency demands from the architect to study the available solar resources in this urban environment. The purpose of the presented methodology is to study the variations in all components of the incident solar radiation daily, monthly and seasonally for all building facades. This is realized in the computer program 3D–SOLARIA. In the focus of the paper is the estimation of the background component of the incident diffuse solar irradiation on a building facade under orthogonally obstructed sky, using anisotropic sky view factors.
    Keywords: Sustainable/low carbon buildings
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 4
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    An integrated approach for sustainable design and assessment of residential building envelope: part I (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-16
    Description: The assessment of building envelope sustainability using existing building performance assessment methods is still a challenge and yet to be fully addressed. This is due to the single-dimensional nature and lack of integration of sustainable performance values. Besides, the issue of sustainability assessment in the building envelope requires considering many factors including life cycle considerations. As such, in an effort to develop an integrated approach that combines relevant sustainable development factors and life cycles, an integrated performance model (IPM) was developed. The IPM is an essential tool developed to aid the sustainable design of the residential building envelope that can reduce carbon emission and whole residential building energy consumption and ensure sustainable performance of the building envelope.
    Keywords: Sustainable/low carbon buildings
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 5
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    Towards the generation of distributed electric power: self-consumption with net balance (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-16
    Description: The results and considerations on one self-consumption photovoltaic installation with net balance in Granada (South of Spain) are presented and discussed in this paper. The use of the building (one faculty) makes it optimal for this kind of consumption. Finally, the potential benefits and problems of self-consumption with net balance are presented.
    Keywords: Solar energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 6
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    Numerical investigation of turbulent flow heat transfer and pressure drop of AL2O3/water nanofluid in helically coiled tubes (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-16
    Description: Passive convective heat transfer enhancement can be achieved by improving the thermo-physical properties of the working fluid, changing flow geometry or both. This work presents a numerical study to investigate the combined effect of using helical coils and nanofluids on the heat transfer characteristics and pressure losses in turbulent flow regime. The developed computational fluid dynamics models were validated against published experimental data and empirical correlations. Results have shown that combining the effects of alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) nanoparticles and tube coiling could enhance the heat transfer coefficient by up to 60% compared with that of pure water in straight tube at the same Reynolds number. Also, results showed that the pressure drop in helical coils using Al 2 O 3 nanofluid for volume fraction of 3% was six times that of water in straight tubes (80% of the pressure drop increase is due to nanoparticles addition), while the effect of Reynolds number on the pressure drop penalty factor was found to be insignificant.
    Keywords: Other low-carbon energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 7
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    Control strategies for indoor environment quality and energy efficiency--a review (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-16
    Description: The demand for better indoor environment has led to a wide use of heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. However, this demanding cannot be sustained without a strategy to reduce the energy consumption of HVAC systems. Employing advanced HVAC control is one of the strategies to maintain high-quality indoor thermal comfort with low energy consumption. This paper reviews the development of control technologies for HVAC systems. It summarizes the problems in existing reviews and gives a future perspective on HVAC control systems for occupant comfort and energy efficiency.
    Keywords: Built environment and low-carbon society
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 8
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    Tracer gas technique for measurement of air infiltration and natural ventilation: case studies and new devices for measurement of mechanical air ventilation in ducts (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-16
    Description: In buildings without mechanical ventilation, the fresh air needed by the occupants is supplied only by air infiltration or natural ventilation. Its quantification by analytical methods is difficult, and so experimental methods such as the tracer gas technique are very useful. In this work, several case studies are presented, where one may see the potential of this technique to detect small differences in building air tightness, due to different envelope elements, namely the type of window frames and location of blinds' boxes. The applicability of this technique to other spaces rather than buildings can also be analyzed. When dealing with mechanical ventilation, it is difficult to measure the duct air flow rate precisely, because of the minimum duct length necessary to obtain a good mixing of the tracer gas with the air, when conventional probes are used. Research was carried out with the development of new probes to overcome this situation, and results are also shown. With accurate measurements of air flow rates, it is possible to reduce CO 2 emissions due to air heating or cooling in buildings.
    Keywords: Built environment and low-carbon society
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 9
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    Readdressing working fluid selection with a view to designing a variable geometry ejector (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-16
    Description: A number of factors influence the performance of an ejector, e.g. working fluid, geometry and operating conditions. In the present work, six low-environmental-impact working fluids were evaluated for their use in an ejector cooling system running on low-temperature thermal energy. The numerical analysis was based on a model applying the 1D constant-pressure mixing theory. Ejector performance was assessed for the temperatures of the generator, evaporator and condenser in the range of 80–120°C, 5–15°C and 25–40°C, respectively. The results indicated that owing to its high coefficient of performance and moderate operating pressures throughout the entire ejector cycle, isobutane is a good choice for a refrigerant. The area ratio required for running the ejector in critical mode, under changing operating conditions, varied in a significant range regardless of the selected refrigerant. This clearly indicates the importance of a variable geometry ejector design to strengthen the position of ejector cooling systems among other refrigeration technologies.
    Keywords: Other low-carbon energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 10
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    Constructal optimization of a disc-shaped body with cooling channels for specified power pumping (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-16
    Description: The thermal performance of a disc-shaped heat generation body with cooling channels is investigated by using constructal theory based on previous model of heat convection on a disc and previous analytical method of heat conduction on a disc. By taking minimum dimensionless maximum thermal resistance as optimization objective, the optimal aspect ratio of the elemental sector in the radial-pattern disc is obtained for the specified power pumping of the elemental sector; the optimal width ratio of the first-order and elemental cooling channels and the optimal dimensionless radius of the elemental sector are obtained for the specified power pumping of the disc. There exists a critical radius of the disc to determine whether the radial-pattern design and branched-pattern design should be adopted. These conclusions are different from those obtained by Wechsatol et al. 's model, and the essential reason for these differences is that the power pumping is specified in this article, but not the specified flow rate number in Wechsatol et al. 's model. Finally, the assumption about the heat capacity of the coolant and the thermal conductivity of the disc is validated. An analytical method is introduced in this article, which can provide another thought for the constructal optimization of disc with heat convection. The optimal constructs of the discs are obtained for the specified power pumping, which provides some different guidelines for the design of disc with heat convection.
    Keywords: Other low-carbon energy technologies
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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