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  • 1
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    How a water-resources crisis highlights social-ecological disconnects (2021)
    Elsevier
    In:  EPIC3Water Research, Elsevier, 194, pp. 116937-116937, ISSN: 0043-1354
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-04
    Description: The sustainable management of water resources is required to avoid water scarcity becoming widespread. This article explores the potential application of a social-ecological framework, used predominantly in the fields of ecology and conservation, as a tool to improve the sustainability and resilience of water resources. The "red-loop green-loop" (RL-GL) model has previously been used to map both sustainable and unsustainable social-ecological feedbacks between ecosystems and their communities in countries such as Sweden and Jamaica. In this article, we demonstrate the novel application of the RL-GL framework to water resources management using the 2017/18 Cape Town water crisis. We used the framework to analyse the social-ecological dynamics of pre-crisis and planned contingency scenarios. We found that the water resources management system was almost solely reliant on a single, non-ecosystem form of infrastructure, the provincial dam system. As prolonged drought impacted this key water resource, resilience to resource collapse was shown to be low and a missing feedback between the water resource and the Cape Town community was highlighted. The collapse of water resources ("Day Zero") was averted through a combination of government and community group led measures, incorporating both local ecosystem (green-loop) and non-local ecosystem (red-loop) forms of water resource management, and increased rainfall returning to the area. Additional disaster management plans proposed by the municipality included the tighter integration of red and green-loop water management approaches, which acted to foster a stronger connection between the Cape Town community and their water resources. We advocate the wider development and application of the RL-GL model, theoretically and empirically, to investigate missing feedbacks between water resources and their communities.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 2
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    Leverage points for addressing marine and coastal pollution: A review (2021)
    Elsevier
    In:  EPIC3Marine Pollution Bulletin, Elsevier, 167, pp. 112263-112263, ISSN: 0025-326X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-04
    Description: Despite an increasing understanding of the issue of marine pollution, humanity continues on a largely unsustainable trajectory. This study aimed to identify and classify the range of scientific studies and interventions to address coastal and marine pollution. We reviewed 2417 scientific papers published between 2000 and 2018, 741 of which we analysed in depth. To classify pollution interventions, we applied the systems-oriented concept of leverage points, which focuses on places to intervene in complex systems to bring about systemic change. We found that pollution is largely studied as a technical problem and fewer studies engage with pollution as a systemic social-ecological issue. While recognising the importance of technical solutions, we highlight the need to focus on under-researched areas pertaining to the deeper drivers of pollution (e.g. institutions, values) which are needed to fundamentally alter system trajectories.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 3
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    Urbane Subsistenz : die zweite Quelle des Wohlstands (2021)
    München : Oekom Verlag
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-09
    Description: Wie gestalten wir Wohlstand zukunftsfähig - obwohl es immer weniger Erwerbsarbeit für alle gibt? Wie müssen Wettbewerb und Kooperation zusammenwirken? Wie verbessern wir die Balance zwischen den Marktgütern und den marktfreien Gütern, die heute so stark gefährdet erscheint? Marktfreie Güter wie menschliche Zuwendung, selbstbestimmte Lebensführung, gesellschaftliche Integration und soziale Verantwortlichkeit sind nicht zu kaufen. Sie werden in Familie und Gruppe, in Nachbarschaft und bürgerschaftlichem Engagement hervorgebracht. Und sie sind nötiger denn je - zumal in den städtischen Räumen. Ausgehend von empirischen Untersuchungen, zeichnen die Autoren die Ansätze und Perspektiven einer Tätigkeitsgesellschaft, in der sich Erwerbs- und Subsistenzwirtschaft produktiv ergänzen.
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: book , doc-type:book
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  • 4
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    Terremoti con effetti macrosismici in Sicilia nel periodo gennaio 2014 - dicembre 2018 (2021)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-13
    Description: Sono analizzati ed elaborati i dati dei rilievi macrosismici relativi ai terremoti verificatisi in Sicilia nel periodo 2014­2018. Si tratta di eventi che hanno provocato effetti macrosismici di rilievo e/o danneggiamento per la maggior parte localizzati nell’area etnea, cui si aggiungono alcuni terremoti di magnitudo moderata verificatisi nei settori ibleo e eoliano. I dati sono stati raccolti e elaborati secondo il protocollo del gruppo operativo QUEST (QUick Earthquake Survey Team) dell’INGV, e successivamente parametrizzati secondo gli standard adottati per la compilazione del catalogo CPTI e della banca dati macrosismica DBMI.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-62
    Description: 4IT. Banche dati
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
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    Materiali per una storia sismica delle Isole Maltesi (2021)
    ingv
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-13
    Description: La ricerca è stata svolta su base del tutto volontaria e senza usufruire di alcun finanziamento esterno.
    Description: We present the results of an Italian-Maltese research, carried out to collect the macroseismic data needed to update the seismic catalogue of the Maltese Islands [Galea, 2007]. In this work we adopted the most up-to- date criteria developed by Italian historical seismology, obtaining results that significantly improve knowledge, particularly for the 1650-1923 time-window. Several previously unknown local earthquakes have been identified and evidence has been found of earthquake damage caused to the Maltese Islands both by earthquakes probably located in the Sicilian Channel (1658, 1780, 1861), and by some strong Greek earthquakes (1756, 1810, 1846). The European macroseismic scale 1998 (EMS-98, Grünthal, 1998) was used to assign macroseismic intensities. Basic information on seismic-induced natural phenomena (landslides, tsunamis) was also collected, to be used as a further constraint on the location and size of associated earthquakes, or for paleo-seismological studies. As an added bonus, the study collected evidence of some Sicilian earthquakes unknown to seismological literature and data useful to improve the macroseismic database of already known Sicilian and Greek earthquakes. Presentiamo i risultati di una ricerca italo-maltese svolta per raccogliere i dati macrosismici occorrenti per aggiornare il catalogo sismico delle Isole Maltesi [Galea, 2007]. Il lavoro ha seguito i più aggiornati criteri messi a punto dalla sismologia storica italiana ottenendo risultati che migliorano sensibilmente le conoscenze specialmente per la finestra cronologica 1650-1923. Sono stati individuati diversi eventi sismici locali finora non catalogati e almeno 6 segnalazioni di effetti di danno precedentemente sconosciuti, causati nelle Isole Maltesi sia da terremoti probabilmente localizzati nel Canale di Sicilia (1658, 1780, 1861), sia da alcuni forti terremoti greci (1756, 1810, 1846). Le intensità macrosismiche sono state assegnate mediante la scala macrosismica europea 1998 (EMS-98, Grünthal, 1998). Sono state inoltre raccolte informazioni di base su fenomeni naturali sismo-indotti (frane, tsunami), da utilizzare come ulteriore vincolo all'ubicazione e alle dimensioni dei terremoti associati o per studi paleosismologici. Un risultato collaterale dello studio è la riscoperta di alcuni terremoti siciliani sconosciuti alla letteratura sismologica e il miglioramento della base di dati macrosismici su terremoti siciliani e greci già conosciuti.
    Description: La ricerca è stata svolta su base del tutto volontaria e senza usufruire di alcun finanziamento esterno.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-303
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: terremoti, sismicità storica, Isole Maltesi ; earthquakes, historical seismicity, Maltese Islands ; Seismic history of the Maltese Islands
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    Incorporating facilitative interactions into small‐scale eelgrass restoration—challenges and opportunities (2021)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Restoration Ecology, Wiley, 29(5), ISSN: 1061-2971
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-18
    Description: Marine ecosystem engineers such as seagrasses and bivalves create important coastal habitats sustaining high biodiversity and ecosystem services. Restoring these habitats is difficult due to the importance of feedback mechanisms that can require large-scale efforts to ensure success. Incorporating facilitative interactions could increase the feasibility and success of small-scale restoration efforts, which would limit pressure on donor sites and reduce costs and time associated with restoration. Here, we tested two methods for providing facilitation in small-scale eelgrass (Zostera marina) restoration plots across northern Europe: (1) co-restoration with blue mussels (Mytilus edulis, M. trossulus); and (2) the use of biodegradable establishment structures (BESEs). Eelgrass-mussel co-restoration showed promise in aquaria, where eelgrass growth was nearly twice as high in treatments with medium and high mussel densities than in treatments without mussels. However, this did not translate to higher shoot length or shoot densities in subsequent field experiments. Rather, hydrodynamic exposure limited both eelgrass and mussel survival, especially in the most exposed sites. The use of BESEs showed more potential in enabling small-scale restoration success: they effectively enhanced eelgrass survival and reduced mussel loss, and showed potential for enabling mussel recruitment in one site. However, eelgrass planted in BESE plots along with mussels had a lower survival rate than eelgrass planted in BESE plots without mussels. Overall, we show that though co-restoration did not work at small scales, facilitation by using artificial structures (BESEs) can increase early eelgrass survival and success of small-scale eelgrass and bivalve restoration.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 7
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    Mineral dust simulations with ECHAM6.3-HAM2.3 for pre-industrial and last glacial maximum climate conditions with a focus on the Southern Hemisphere (2021)
    European Association of Geochemistry
    In:  EPIC3Goldschmidt2021 abstracts, European Association of Geochemistry
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-19
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 8
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    Reply to: Empirical pressure-response relations can benefit assessment of safe operating spaces (2021)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Nature Ecology & Evolution, Springer Nature, 5(8), pp. 1080-1081, ISSN: 2397-334X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-22
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 9
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    General statistical scaling laws for stability in ecological systems (2021)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Ecology Letters, Wiley, 24(7), pp. 1474-1486, ISSN: 1461-023X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-22
    Description: 〈jats:title〉Abstract〈/jats:title〉〈jats:p〉Ecological stability refers to a family of concepts used to describe how systems of interacting species vary through time and respond to disturbances. Because observed ecological stability depends on sampling scales and environmental context, it is notoriously difficult to compare measurements across sites and systems. Here, we apply stochastic dynamical systems theory to derive general statistical scaling relationships across time, space, and ecological level of organisation for three fundamental stability aspects: resilience, resistance, and invariance. These relationships can be calibrated using random or representative samples measured at individual scales, and projected to predict average stability at other scales across a wide range of contexts. Moreover deviations between observed vs. extrapolated scaling relationships can reveal information about unobserved heterogeneity across time, space, or species. We anticipate that these methods will be useful for cross‐study synthesis of stability data, extrapolating measurements to unobserved scales, and identifying underlying causes and consequences of heterogeneity.〈/jats:p〉
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 10
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    Observation by Means of An Underground Ring Laser Gyroscope of Love Waves Generated in the Mediterranean Sea: Source Direction and Comparison with Models (2021)
    SSA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-26
    Description: In fall 2018, we have observed, by means of an underground ring laser gyroscope, the microseismic (MS) activity induced by the Mediterranean Sea in the 2–5 s period range. In the amplitude spectra, a clear peak highly correlated with a collocated seismometer appears during a large storm activity ranging from 24 November to 1 December 2018. The peak of the spectra, both for rotation rate and acceleration, are located at 3.3 s. The peak amplitudes are of 8×10−10  rad/s−1 and 3×10−6  ms−2⁠, respectively, for vertical rotation rate and horizontal acceleration. We perform the source direction estimation by maximizing the correlation of the vertical rotation rate with the transverse acceleration. The local estimation of the direction of the wavefield is then compared with the sea state hindcasts that provide a modeling of the possible MS noise sources.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1730–1737
    Description: 7A. Geofisica per il monitoraggio ambientale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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